JP2009535761A - Mass spectrometer - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is an ion guide or mass analyzer (2) comprising a plurality of electrodes (2a) having openings through which ions are transferred in use. A pseudopotential barrier is created at the exit of the ion guide or mass analyzer (2). The amplitude or depth of the pseudopotential barrier is inversely proportional to the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions. In order to drive ions along the length of the ion guide or mass analyzer (2), one or more transient DC voltages (4) are applied to the electrode (2a) of the ion guide or mass analyzer (2). The The amplitude of the transient DC voltage (4) applied to the electrode (2a) is increased over time so that ions are ejected from the ion guide or mass analyzer (2) in the reverse order of their mass-to-charge ratio.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a mass spectrometer and a method of mass spectrometry.

A common requirement for mass spectrometers is that ions are transferred through a region maintained at an intermediate pressure, i.e., a pressure at which collisions between ions and gas molecules are likely to occur as the ions pass through the ion guide. . The ions may need to be transported, for example, from an ionization region maintained at a relatively high pressure to a mass analyzer maintained at a relatively low pressure. It is known to transport ions through a region maintained at intermediate pressure using a radio frequency (RF) transport ion guide that operates at an intermediate pressure of about 10 ⁻³ to 10 ¹ mbar. Yes. It is also well known that the time average force on charged particles or ions due to an AC inhomogeneous electric field is such that the charged particles or ions are accelerated to a region where the electric field is weaker. The minimum value of the electric field is generally called a pseudo-potential well or valley. RF ion guides are designed to take advantage of this phenomenon by forming pseudopotential wells along the central axis of the ion guide so that ions are confined radially within the ion guide.

It is known to use an RF ion guide to confine ions radially and to cause collision induced dissociation or fragmentation within the ion guide. Ion fragmentation is typically performed at pressures ranging from 10 ⁻³ to 10 ⁻¹ mbar, either in an RF ion guide or in a dedicated gas collision cell.

It is also known to use an RF ion guide to confine ions radially within an ion mobility separator or spectrometer. Ion mobility separation may be performed at atmospheric pressure or pressures ranging from 10 ⁻¹ to 10 ¹ mbar.

  Different forms of RF ion guides are known, including multipole rod set ion guides and ring stack or ion tunnel ion guides. The ring stack or ion tunnel ion guide includes a stacked ring electrode set in which opposite phases of the RF voltage are applied to adjacent electrodes. The pseudopotential well is formed along the central axis of the ion guide so that ions are confined radially within the ion guide. The ion guide has a relatively high transfer efficiency.

  An RF ion guide in which an RF voltage is applied to an elongated rod set to radially confine ions within the ion guide is disclosed in US Patent Publication No. 2005/0253064. A static axial electric field is arranged to propel ions along the axis of the ion guide. In addition, an RF axial electric field is disposed at the outlet of the ion guide. The RF axial electric field creates an axial pseudopotential barrier that acts as a barrier to ions. The size of the pseudopotential barrier depends on the reciprocal of the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions. Thus, ions with a relatively low mass to charge ratio will experience a pseudopotential barrier with a relatively large amplitude. The pseudopotential barrier acts to weaken the effects of static axial electric fields for ions with a relatively low mass-to-charge ratio, but static for ions with a relatively high mass-to-charge ratio. It does not act to weaken the influence of the axial electric field. Accordingly, ions having a relatively high mass to charge ratio are ejected from the ion guide. Ions can be manipulated within the ion guide or can be ejected mass-selectively by adjusting the amplitude of a static or oscillating electric field.

  The known ion guide has a well defined radial stability condition for ions having a specific mass to charge ratio. This is determined by the quadratic nature of the maintained radial potential is approximately quadratic. Thus, any change in the oscillating electric field along the axis of the ion guide causes the problem of undesirable radial instability and / or resonance effects, so that ions can be lost from the system.

  Accordingly, it is desirable to provide an improved ion guide or mass analyzer.

According to one aspect of the invention,
An ion guide including a plurality of electrodes;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes and, in use, a plurality of first axial time averages or pseudo-potential barriers having a first amplitude. ), Means for causing corrugations or wells to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide;
Means for driving or propelling ions along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide;
The mass spectrometer is
One or more second axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, waveform shapes having a second amplitude in use when a second AC or RF voltage is applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. Or means for allowing a well to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, wherein the second amplitude is different from the first amplitude, further comprising means An analyzer is provided.

  In one mode of operation, ions with a mass to charge ratio ≧ M1 preferably exit the ion guide, while ions with a mass to charge ratio <M2 preferably have the one or more second axial time averages or pseudopotentials. It is trapped or confined axially within the ion guide by a barrier, corrugation or well. Preferably, M1 is (i) <100, (ii) 100-200, (iii) 200-300, (iv) 300-400, (v) 400-500, (vi) 500-600, (vii) It is in a first range selected from the group consisting of 600-700, (viii) 700-800, (ix) 800-900, (x) 900-1000, and (xi)> 1000. Preferably, M2 is (i) <100, (ii) 100-200, (iii) 200-300, (iv) 300-400, (v) 400-500, (vi) 500-600, (vii) It is in a second range selected from the group consisting of 600-700, (viii) 700-800, (ix) 800-900, (x) 900-1000, and (xi)> 1000. According to one embodiment, M1 and M2 may have the same value.

  In one mode of operation, ions are sequentially ejected from the mass analyzer, preferably in order of their mass to charge ratio or in reverse order of their mass to charge ratio.

  According to the preferred embodiment, the ion guide comprises n axial segments, where n is (i) 1-10, (ii) 11-20, (iii) 21-30, (iv) ) 31-40, (v) 41-50, (vi) 51-60, (vii) 61-70, (viii) 71-80, (ix) 81-90, (x) 91-100, and (xi) )> 100. Each axial segment is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or> 20 Including one electrode. Axial length of at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the axial segment Preferably, (i) <1 mm, (ii) 1-2 mm, (iii) 2-3 mm, (iv) 3-4 mm, (v) 4-5 mm, (vi) 5-6 mm, (vii) 6 -7 mm, (viii) 7-8 mm, (ix) 8-9 mm, (x) 9-10 mm, and (xi)> 10 mm. Spacing between at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the axial segments. Are preferably (i) <1 mm, (ii) 1-2 mm, (iii) 2-3 mm, (iv) 3-4 mm, (v) 4-5 mm, (vi) 5-6 mm, (vii) 6- 7 mm, (viii) 7-8 mm, (ix) 8-9 mm, (x) 9-10 mm, and (xi)> 10 mm.

  The ion guide is preferably (i) <20 mm, (ii) 20-40 mm, (iii) 40-60 mm, (iv) 60-80 mm, (v) 80-100 mm, (vi) 100-120 mm, (vii ) 120-140 mm, (viii) 140-160 mm, (ix) 160-180 mm, (x) 180-200 mm, and (xi)> 200 mm in length.

  The ion guide is preferably at least (i) 10-20 electrodes, (ii) 20-30 electrodes, (iii) 30-40 electrodes, (iv) 40-50 electrodes, (v ) 50-60 electrodes, (vi) 60-70 electrodes, (vii) 70-80 electrodes, (viii) 80-90 electrodes, (ix) 90-100 electrodes, (x ) 100-110 electrodes, (xi) 110-120 electrodes, (xii) 120-130 electrodes, (xiii) 130-140 electrodes, (xiv) 140-150 electrodes, or ( xv)> 150 electrodes included.

  According to the preferred embodiment, the plurality of electrodes includes an electrode having an opening, and ions are transported through the opening in use. At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the electrodes are preferably substantially Have a circular, rectangular, square or oval opening.

  According to one embodiment, at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the electrodes Have openings that are substantially the same size or have substantially the same area. According to another embodiment, at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100 of the electrodes % Has an opening whose size or area is progressively larger and / or smaller in the direction along the axis of the ion guide.

  According to the preferred embodiment, at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% of the electrodes or 100% is preferably (i) ≦ 1.0 mm, (ii) ≦ 2.0 mm, (iii) ≦ 3.0 mm, (iv) ≦ 4.0 mm, (v) ≦ 5.0 mm, (vi) ≦ Selected from the group consisting of 6.0 mm, (vii) ≦ 7.0 mm, (viii) ≦ 8.0 mm, (ix) ≦ 9.0 mm, (x) ≦ 10.0 mm, and (xi)> 10.0 mm Having an opening having an inner diameter or dimension.

  At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the electrodes are preferably (i ) 5 mm or less, (ii) 4.5 mm or less, (iii) 4 mm or less, (iv) 3.5 mm or less, (v) 3 mm or less, (vi) 2.5 mm or less, (vii) 2 mm or less, (viii) 1 0.5 mm or less, (ix) 1 mm or less, (x) 0.8 mm or less, (xi) 0.6 mm or less, (xii) 0.4 mm or less, (xiii) 0.2 mm or less, (xiv) 0.1 mm or less, And (xv) spaced apart from each other by an axial distance selected from the group consisting of 0.25 mm or less.

  At least some of the plurality of electrodes include openings, and the ratio of the inner diameter or size of the openings to the center-to-center axial spacing between adjacent electrodes is (i) <1.0, (ii) 1 0.0-1.2, (iii) 1.2-1.4, (iv) 1.4-1.6, (v) 1.6-1.8, (vi) 1.8-2.0 (Vii) 2.0-2.2, (viii) 2.2-2.4, (ix) 2.4-2.6, (x) 2.6-2.8, (xi) 2. 8-3.0, (xii) 3.0-3.2, (xiii) 3.2-3.4, (xiv) 3.4-3.6, (xv) 3.6-3.8, (Xvi) 3.8 to 4.0, (xvii) 4.0 to 4.2, (xviii) 4.2 to 4.4, (xix) 4.4 to 4.6, (xx) 4.6 ~ 4.8, (xxi) 4.8-5.0, and (x ii)> is selected from the group consisting of 5.0.

  At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the electrodes are preferably (i ) 5 mm or less, (ii) 4.5 mm or less, (iii) 4 mm or less, (iv) 3.5 mm or less, (v) 3 mm or less, (vi) 2.5 mm or less, (vii) 2 mm or less, (viii) 1 0.5 mm or less, (ix) 1 mm or less, (x) 0.8 mm or less, (xi) 0.6 mm or less, (xii) 0.4 mm or less, (xiii) 0.2 mm or less, (xiv) 0.1 mm or less, And (xv) having a thickness or axial length selected from the group consisting of 0.25 mm or less.

  According to another embodiment, the ion guide comprises a segmented rod set ion guide. The ion guide can include, for example, a segmented quadrupole, hexapole or octupole ion guide or an ion guide including more than eight segmented rod sets. The ion guide is preferably (i) a substantially or substantially circular cross section, (ii) a substantially or substantially hyperboloid, (iii) an arc or partial circular cross section, (iv) a substantially or substantially rectangular cross section, and (V) includes a plurality of electrodes having a cross section selected from the group consisting of substantially or substantially square cross sections.

  According to another embodiment, the ion guide may include a plurality of plate electrodes such that a plurality of groups of plate electrodes are disposed along the axial length of the ion guide. Each group of plate electrodes preferably includes a first plate electrode and a second plate electrode. The first and second plate electrodes are preferably disposed in substantially the same plane, and are preferably disposed on either side of the central long axis of the ion guide. The mass analyzer preferably further comprises means for applying a DC voltage or potential to the first and second plate electrodes to confine ions in a first radial direction within the ion guide.

  Each group of electrodes preferably further includes a third electrode and a fourth electrode. The third and fourth electrodes are preferably arranged in substantially the same plane and are preferably different from the first and second electrodes on either side of the central longitudinal axis of the ion guide. Arranged in the direction. The means for applying the AC or RF voltage preferably applies the AC or RF voltage to the third and fourth plate electrodes to confine ions in a second radial direction within the ion guide. Configured to do. The second radial direction is preferably orthogonal to the first radial direction.

  The means for driving or propelling the ions preferably applies one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more DC voltages or potential waveforms to at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% of the electrodes. Means for applying to 30%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100%. The one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or the one or more DC voltages or potential waveforms are preferably (i) a potential peak or barrier, (ii) a potential well, (iii) a plurality of potentials. (Iv) multiple potential wells, (v) a combination of one potential peak or barrier and one potential well, or (vi) a combination of multiple potential peaks or barriers and multiple potential wells. create.

  The one or more transient DC voltage or potential waveforms preferably include a repetitive waveform or a square wave.

  According to the preferred embodiment, a plurality of axial DC potential wells are preferably translated along the length of the ion guide, or a plurality of transient DC potentials or voltages are provided along the axial length of the ion guide. Are applied progressively to the electrodes.

  According to one embodiment, does the mass analyzer preferably gradually increase the amplitude, height or depth of the one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or the one or more DC voltage or potential waveforms? Progressively decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, linearly increasing, linearly decreasing, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise, or incrementally , Further comprising first means configured or adapted to reduce progressively or otherwise.

The first means preferably progressively increases the amplitude, height or depth of the one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or the one or more DC voltage or potential waveforms over a period t ₁ by x ₁ volts. Increasing, progressively decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, increasing linearly, decreasing linearly, increasing stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, Or configured or adapted to reduce stepwise, incrementally or otherwise. Preferably, x ₁ is (i) <0.1V, (ii) 0.1-0.2V, (iii) 0.2-0.3V, (iv) 0.3-0.4V, (v ) 0.4-0.5V, (vi) 0.5-0.6V, (vii) 0.6-0.7V, (viii) 0.7-0.8V, (ix) 0.8-0 .9V, (x) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2.5-3.0V, (xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5. 0V, (xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7 0.0-7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5 8.0V, (xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0V, and ( xxix)> 10.0V. Preferably, t ₁ is (i) <lms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

The mass analyzer preferably progressively increases the rate or rate at which the one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or the one or more DC voltage or potential waveforms are applied to the electrodes, Progressively decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, increasing linearly, decreasing linearly, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise, incrementally, It further includes a second means configured and adapted to reduce progressively or otherwise. The second means is preferably a rate or rate at which the one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or the one or more DC voltage or potential waveforms are applied to the electrodes for a period t ₂ by x ₂ m / s. Progressively increasing, progressively decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, increasing linearly, decreasing linearly, stepwise, incrementally or otherwise Constructed and adapted to increase or decrease in stages, gradual or otherwise. Preferably, x ₂ are, (i) <1, ( ii) 1~2, (iii) 2~3, (iv) 3~4, (v) 4~5, (vi) 5~6, (vii ) 6-7, (viii) 7-8, (ix) 8-9, (x) 9-10, (xi) 10-11, (xii) 11-12, (xiii) 12-13, (xiv) 13-14, (xv) 14-15, (xvi) 15-16, (xvii) 16-17, (xviii) 17-18, (xix) 18-19, (xx) 19-20, (xxi) 20 -30, (xxii) 30-40, (xxiii) 40-50, (xxiv) 50-60, (xxv) 60-70, (xxvi) 70-80, (xxvii) 80-90, (xxviii) 90- 100, (xxxix) 100-150, (xxx) 150-200, (xxxi 200-250, (xxxii) 250-300, (xxxiii) 300-350, (xxxiv) 350-400, (xxxv) 400-450, (xxxvi) 450-500, and (xxxvii)> 500 Is done. Preferably, t ₂ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

  According to the preferred embodiment, the first AC or RF voltage is preferably (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50-100V peak-to-peak, (iii) 100-150V peak-to-peak, ( (iv) 150-200V peak-to-peak, (v) 200-250V peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, (x) 450-500V peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, ( xxx) 700-750V peak-to-peak, (xxvi) 750-800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, xxx) having an amplitude selected from the group consisting of 950-1000V peak-to-peak, and (xxx)> 1000V peak-to-peak.

  According to the preferred embodiment, the first AC or RF voltage is preferably (i) <100 kHz, (ii) 100-200 kHz, (iii) 200-300 kHz, (iv) 300-400 kHz, (v) 400-500 kHz, (vi) 0.5-1.0 MHz, (vii) 1.0-1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5-2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0-2.5 MHz, (x ) 2.5-3.0 MHz, (xi) 3.0-3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5-4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0-4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5-5 0.0 MHz, (xv) 5.0-5.5 MHz, (xvi) 5.5-6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0-6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5-7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0 to 7.5 MHz, (xx) .5 to 8.0 MHz, (xxi) 8.0 to 8.5 MHz, (xxii) 8.5 to 9.0 MHz, (xxiii) 9.0 to 9.5 MHz, (xxiv) 9.5 to 10.0 MHz , And (xxv)> 10.0 MHz.

  The means for applying the first AC or RF voltage preferably applies the first AC or RF voltage to at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of the plurality of electrodes, Apply to 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% Configured as follows.

  The means for applying the first AC or RF voltage preferably provides opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage to axially adjacent electrodes or axially adjacent electrode groups. Configured.

  The first axial time average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well is preferably at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% of the axial length of the ion guide in use, Created along 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.

  The plurality of first axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of the central long axis of the ion guide, Created or provided along 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.

  The plurality of first axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably created or provided in the upstream and / or intermediate and / or downstream portions of the ion guide.

  According to one embodiment, the ion guide preferably has a length L, and the plurality of first axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably the length of the ion guide. (I) 0 to 0.1 L, (ii) 0.1 to 0.2 L, (iii) 0.2 to 0.3 L, (iv) 0.3 to 0.4 L, (v) 0 .4 to 0.5 L, (vi) 0.5 to 0.6 L, (vii) 0.6 to 0.7 L, (viii) 0.7 to 0.8 L, (ix) 0.8 to 0.9 L And (x) one or more regions or locations having a displacement selected from the group consisting of 0.9-1.0 L.

  The plurality of first axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells preferably extend radially at least r mm away from the central longitudinal axis of the ion guide, where r is (I) <1, (ii) 1-2, (iii) 2-3, (iv) 3-4, (v) 4-5, (vi) 5-6, (vii) 6-7, (viii) ) 7-8, (ix) 8-9, (x) 9-10, and (xi)> 10.

  According to one embodiment, the mass to charge ratio is 1-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, 600-700, 700-800, 800-900 or 900-1000. For ions in range, at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% of the first axial time average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well, The amplitude, height or depth of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% is preferably (i) <0.1V, (ii) 0.1-0.2V, (iii) ) 0.2-0.3V, (iv) 0.3-0.4V, (v) 0.4-0.5V, (vi) 0.5-0.6V, (vii) 0.6-0 .7V, (viii) 0.7-0.8V, (ix) 0. ~ 0.9V, (x) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, ( xiv) 2.5 to 3.0 V, (xv) 3.0 to 3.5 V, (xvi) 3.5 to 4.0 V, (xvii) 4.0 to 4.5 V, (xviii) 4.5 to 5.0V, (xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) ) 7.0-7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5-8.0V, (xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9 .5V, (xxviii) 9.5 to 10.0V, and (xxix)> 10.0V.

  Preferably, in use, at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 first axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells per cm are said ion guide. Provided or created along at least a portion of the axial length of the.

  The plurality of first axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably minimal values corresponding to the axial position of the plurality of electrodes, preferably along the axial length of the ion guide. Have

  The plurality of first axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably substantially along the axial length of the ion guide, preferably a substantial axial distance or spacing between adjacent electrodes. And has a local maximum located at an axial position corresponding to 50%.

  The plurality of first axial time-average or pseudo-potential barriers, corrugations or wells preferably have a minimum value that is substantially the same height, depth or amplitude for ions having a particular mass to charge ratio and And / or the minimum value and / or maximum value is preferably a period that is substantially the same as an axial displacement or interval of the plurality of electrodes, or a period that is a multiple thereof. Have.

  According to one embodiment, the mass analyzer preferably progressively increases, progressively reduces or gradually changes the amplitude of the first AC or RF voltage applied to the electrode. Configured to scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise And includes a third means adapted.

The third means preferably scans whether the amplitude of the first AC or RF voltage is gradually increased, gradually decreased, gradually changed, x ₃ volts, over a period t ₃ Configured, adapted to increase, linearly decrease, linearly decrease, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise The Preferably, x ₃ is, (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50 to 100 peak-to-peak, (iii) 100~150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150~200V peak-to-peak, (v) 200 ~ 250V peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, (x) 450 ~ 500V peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, (xxv) 700 ~ 750V peak-to-peak, (xxv ) 750-800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak, and xxxi)> 1000 V selected from the group consisting of peak-to-peak. Preferably, t ₃ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

The mass analyzer preferably progressively increases, progressively decreases, progressively changes or scans the frequency of the first RF or AC voltage applied to the electrode; Configured and adapted to linearly increase, linearly decrease, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise These means are further included. The fourth means preferably gradually increases, decreases gradually or gradually increases the frequency of the first RF or AC voltage applied to the electrode over a period t ₄ by x ₄ MHz. , Scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise As configured and adapted. Preferably, x ₄ is, (i) <100kHz, ( ii) 100~200kHz, (iii) 200~300kHz, (iv) 300~400kHz, (v) 400~500kHz, (vi) 0.5~1. 0 MHz, (vii) 1.0-1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5-2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0-2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5-3.0 MHz, (xi) 3 0.0-3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5-4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0-4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5-5.0 MHz, (xv) 5.0-5.5 MHz (Xvi) 5.5-6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0-6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5-7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0-7.5 MHz, (xx) 7. 5 to 8.0 MHz, (xxi) 8.0 to 8.5 MH , (Xxii) 8.5~9.0MHz, (xxiii) 9.0~9.5MHz, is selected from the group consisting of (xxiv) 9.5~10.0MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0MHz. Preferably, t ₄ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

  According to one embodiment, the second AC or RF voltage is preferably (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50-100V peak-to-peak, (iii) 100-150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150-200V peak-to-peak, (v) 200-250V peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450 V peak-to-peak, (x) 450-500 V peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550 V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600 V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650 V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, (xxv) 00-750V peak-to-peak, (xxvi) 750-800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) Having an amplitude selected from the group consisting of 950-1000V peak-to-peak, and (xxxi)> 1000V peak-to-peak.

  The second AC or RF voltage is preferably (i) <100 kHz, (ii) 100-200 kHz, (iii) 200-300 kHz, (iv) 300-400 kHz, (v) 400-500 kHz, (vi) 0 .5 to 1.0 MHz, (vii) 1.0 to 1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5 to 2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0 to 2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5 to 3.0 MHz (Xi) 3.0-3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5-4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0-4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5-5.0 MHz, (xv) 5. 0 to 5.5 MHz, (xvi) 5.5 to 6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0 to 6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5 to 7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0 to 7.5 MHz, (Xx) 7.5-8.0 MHz, (xx ) 8.0-8.5 MHz, (xxii) 8.5-9.0 MHz, (xxiii) 9.0-9.5 MHz, (xxiv) 9.5-10.0 MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0 MHz Having a frequency selected from the group consisting of:

  The means for applying the second AC or RF voltage preferably applies the second AC or RF voltage to at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of the plurality of electrodes, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% and / or At least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, of the plurality of electrodes. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, Configure to apply to 47, 48, 49, 50 or> 50.

  The means for applying the second AC or RF voltage preferably provides opposite phases of the second AC or RF voltage to axially adjacent electrodes or axially adjacent electrode groups. Configured.

  The one or more second axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% of the axial length of the ion guide in use. 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.

  The one or more second axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of the central long axis of the ion guide. %, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.

  The plurality of second axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably created or provided in the upstream and / or intermediate and / or downstream portions of the ion guide.

  The ion guide preferably has a length L, and the plurality of second axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably along the length of the ion guide (i ) 0-0.1L, (ii) 0.1-0.2L, (iii) 0.2-0.3L, (iv) 0.3-0.4L, (v) 0.4-0.5L , (Vi) 0.5-0.6L, (vii) 0.6-0.7L, (viii) 0.7-0.8L, (ix) 0.8-0.9L, and (x) 0 Created or provided in one or more regions or locations having a displacement selected from the group consisting of .9-1.0L.

  The one or more second axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells preferably extend radially at least r mm away from the central longitudinal axis of the ion guide, where r (I) <1, (ii) 1-2, (iii) 2-3, (iv) 3-4, (v) 4-5, (vi) 5-6, (vii) 6-7, (Viii) selected from the group consisting of 7-8, (ix) 8-9, (x) 9-10, and (xi)> 10.

  According to one embodiment, the mass to charge ratio is 1-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, 600-700, 700-800, 800-900 or 900-1000. For ions in range, at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of the one or more second axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% amplitude, height or depth is preferably (i) <0.1V, (ii) 0.1-0. 2V, (iii) 0.2-0.3V, (iv) 0.3-0.4V, (v) 0.4-0.5V, (vi) 0.5-0.6V, (vii) 0 .6 to 0.7 V, (viii) 0.7 to 0.8 V, ( x) 0.8-0.9V, (x) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0- 2.5V, (xiv) 2.5-3.0V, (xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) ) 4.5-5.0V, (xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7 0.0V, (xxiii) 7.0-7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5-8.0V, (xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) It is selected from the group consisting of 9.0-9.5V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0V, and (xxix)> 10.0V.

  Preferably, in use, at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 second axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells per cm are said ion guide. Provided or created along the axial length of.

  The one or more second axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably local minimums corresponding to axial positions of the plurality of electrodes along the axial length of the ion guide. Have

  The one or more second axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably substantially the axial distance or spacing between adjacent electrodes along the axial length of the ion guide. And has a local maximum located at an axial position corresponding to 50%.

  The one or more second axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably minimal, which are substantially the same height, depth or amplitude for ions having a particular mass to charge ratio. Value and / or local maximum. The minimum value and / or maximum value preferably have a period that is substantially the same as, or a multiple of, the axial displacement or spacing of the plurality of electrodes.

  According to the preferred embodiment, the second amplitude is preferably smaller or larger than the first amplitude. Preferably, the ratio of the second amplitude to the first amplitude is (i) <1, (ii)> 1, (iii) 1-2, (iv) 2-3, (v) 3-4 , (Vi) 4-5, (vii) 5-6, (viii) 6-7, (ix) 7-8, (x) 8-9, (xi) 9-10, (xii) 10-11, (Xiii) 11-12, (xiv) 12-13, (xv) 13-14, (xvi) 14-15, (xvii) 15-16, (xviii) 16-17, (xix) 17-18, xx) 18-19, (xxi) 19-20, (xxii) 20-25, (xxiii) 25-30, (xxiv) 30-35, (xxv) 35-40, (xxvi) 40-45, (xxvii ) 45-50, (xxviii) 50-60, (xxix) 60-70, (xxx) 7 ~80, (xxxi) 80~90, is selected from the group consisting of (xxxii) 90 to 100, and (xxxiii)> 100.

  According to one embodiment, the mass analyzer progressively increases or decreases the amplitude of the second AC or RF voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. Incrementally changing, scanning, linearly increasing, linearly decreasing, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise, incrementally, incrementally, or otherwise A fifth means configured and adapted to reduce at a.

It said fifth means, or preferably either progressively increased over only a period t ₅ amplitude x ₅ volts of the second AC or RF voltage, or progressively reduced, progressively changes, scan Configured, adapted to increase, linearly decrease, linearly decrease, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise The Preferably, x ₅ is, (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50 to 100 peak-to-peak, (iii) 100~150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150~200V peak-to-peak, (v) 200 ~ 250V peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, (x) 450 ~ 500V peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, (xxv) 700 ~ 750V peak-to-peak, (xxv ) 750-800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak, and xxxi)> 1000 V selected from the group consisting of peak-to-peak. Preferably, t ₅ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

  The mass analyzer preferably progressively increases, progressively decreases or progressively increases the frequency of the second RF or AC voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. To change, scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise And further includes a sixth means configured and adapted to.

The sixth means preferably increases, decreases or decreases gradually the frequency of the second RF or AC voltage applied to the electrode over a period t ₆ by x ₆ MHz. , Scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise As configured and adapted. Preferably, x ₆ is, (i) <100kHz, ( ii) 100~200kHz, (iii) 200~300kHz, (iv) 300~400kHz, (v) 400~500kHz, (vi) 0.5~1. 0 MHz, (vii) 1.0-1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5-2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0-2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5-3.0 MHz, (xi) 3 0.0-3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5-4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0-4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5-5.0 MHz, (xv) 5.0-5.5 MHz (Xvi) 5.5-6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0-6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5-7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0-7.5 MHz, (xx) 7. 5 to 8.0 MHz, (xxi) 8.0 to 8.5 MH , (Xxii) 8.5~9.0MHz, (xxiii) 9.0~9.5MHz, is selected from the group consisting of (xxiv) 9.5~10.0MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0MHz. Preferably, t ₆ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

  The mass analyzer preferably applies a first DC voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes and, in use, the one or more second axial time average or pseudopotential barriers; The corrugated shape or well preferably further comprises means for including a DC axial potential barrier or well in combination with an axial time average or pseudopotential barrier or well.

  According to one embodiment, the mass analyzer progressively increases, progressively decreases, progressively increases the amplitude of the first DC voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. Change, scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, or decrease incrementally, incrementally, or otherwise And further includes a seventh means configured and adapted to do so.

Whether the seventh means preferably gradually increases, gradually decreases, gradually changes or scans the amplitude of the first DC voltage by a period of t ₇ by x ₇ volts. Configured and adapted to increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise. Preferably, x ₇ is, (i) <0.1V, ( ii) 0.1~0.2V, (iii) 0.2~0.3V, (iv) 0.3~0.4V, (v ) 0.4-0.5V, (vi) 0.5-0.6V, (vii) 0.6-0.7V, (viii) 0.7-0.8V, (ix) 0.8-0 .9V, (x) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2.5-3.0V, (xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5. 0V, (xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7 0.0-7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5 8.0V, (xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0V, and ( xxix)> 10.0V. Preferably, t ₇ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

  The mass analyzer preferably applies a third AC or RF voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes to, in use, one or more third axial times having a third amplitude. Means are further included for causing an average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide. The third amplitude is preferably different from the first amplitude and / or the second amplitude. According to one embodiment, the third amplitude may be the same as the second amplitude, but may be different from the first amplitude.

  The third AC or RF voltage is preferably (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50-100V peak-to-peak, (iii) 100-150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150-200V peak-to-peak (Vi) 200-250V peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak (X) 450-500V peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak , (Xxv) 700-750V Toe peak, (xxvi) 750-800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak With an amplitude selected from the group consisting of a peak and (xxxi)> 1000V peak-to-peak.

  The third AC or RF voltage is preferably (i) <100 kHz, (ii) 100-200 kHz, (iii) 200-300 kHz, (iv) 300-400 kHz, (v) 400-500 kHz, (vi) 0 .5 to 1.0 MHz, (vii) 1.0 to 1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5 to 2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0 to 2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5 to 3.0 MHz (Xi) 3.0-3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5-4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0-4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5-5.0 MHz, (xv) 5. 0 to 5.5 MHz, (xvi) 5.5 to 6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0 to 6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5 to 7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0 to 7.5 MHz, (Xx) 7.5-8.0 MHz, (xx ) 8.0-8.5 MHz, (xxii) 8.5-9.0 MHz, (xxiii) 9.0-9.5 MHz, (xxiv) 9.5-10.0 MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0 MHz Having a frequency selected from the group consisting of:

  The means for applying the third AC or RF voltage preferably comprises applying the third AC or RF voltage to at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of the plurality of electrodes, Apply to 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% Configured as follows.

  The means for applying the third AC or RF voltage preferably provides opposite phases of the third AC or RF voltage to axially adjacent electrodes or axially adjacent electrode groups. Configured.

  The one or more third axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% of the axial length of the ion guide in use. 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.

  The one or more third axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of the central long axis of the ion guide. %, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.

  The one or more third axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably created or provided in the upstream and / or intermediate and / or downstream portions of the ion guide.

  The ion guide preferably has a length L, and the one or more third axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably along the length of the ion guide, (I) 0-0.1L, (ii) 0.1-0.2L, (iii) 0.2-0.3L, (iv) 0.3-0.4L, (v) 0.4-0 .5L, (vi) 0.5-0.6L, (vii) 0.6-0.7L, (viii) 0.7-0.8L, (ix) 0.8-0.9L, and (x ) Created or provided in one or more regions or locations having a displacement selected from the group consisting of 0.9-1.0 L.

  The one or more third axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells preferably extend radially at least r mm away from the central long axis of the ion guide, where r (I) <1, (ii) 1-2, (iii) 2-3, (iv) 3-4, (v) 4-5, (vi) 5-6, (vii) 6-7, (Viii) selected from the group consisting of 7-8, (ix) 8-9, (x) 9-10, and (xi)> 10.

  According to one embodiment, the mass to charge ratio is 1-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, 600-700, 700-800, 800-900 or 900-1000. For ions in range, at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% of the third axial time average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well, The amplitude, height or depth of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% are (i) <0.1V, (ii) 0.1-0.2V, (iii) 0 .2 to 0.3 V, (iv) 0.3 to 0.4 V, (v) 0.4 to 0.5 V, (vi) 0.5 to 0.6 V, (vii) 0.6 to 0.7 V , (Viii) 0.7 to 0.8 V, (ix) 0.8 to 0.9 (X) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2. 5-3.0V, (xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5.0V, (Xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7.0 -7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5-8.0V, (xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5V, ( xxviii) selected from the group consisting of 9.5 to 10.0V, and (xxix)> 10.0V.

  According to one embodiment, there are at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 third axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells per cm when used. Provided or created along the axial length of the ion guide.

  The one or more third axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells preferably correspond to the axial position of the plurality of electrodes, preferably along the axial length of the ion guide. Has a local minimum.

  The one or more third axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably along the axial length of the ion guide, preferably with an axial distance or spacing between adjacent electrodes. Having a local maximum located at an axial position substantially corresponding to 50%.

  The one or more third axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are preferably minimal, which are substantially the same height, depth or amplitude for ions having a particular mass to charge ratio. The minimum value and / or the maximum value have a period that is substantially the same as, or a multiple of, the axial displacement or interval of the plurality of electrodes.

  The third amplitude is preferably smaller or larger than the first amplitude and / or the second amplitude. The ratio of the third amplitude to the first amplitude is preferably (i) <1, (ii)> 1, (iii) 1-2, (iv) 2-3, (v) 3-4, (Vi) 4-5, (vii) 5-6, (viii) 6-7, (ix) 7-8, (x) 8-9, (xi) 9-10, (xii) 10-11, xiii) 11-12, (xiv) 12-13, (xv) 13-14, (xvi) 14-15, (xvii) 15-16, (xviii) 16-17, (xix) 17-18, (xx ) 18-19, (xxi) 19-20, (xxii) 20-25, (xxiii) 25-30, (xxiv) 30-35, (xxv) 35-40, (xxvi) 40-45, (xxvii) 45-50, (xxviii) 50-60, (xxix) 60-70, (xxx) 70 80, (xxxi) 80~90, it is selected from the group consisting of (xxxii) 90 to 100, and (xxxiii)> 100.

  The ratio of the third amplitude to the second amplitude is preferably (i) <1, (ii)> 1, (iii) 1-2, (iv) 2-3, (v) 3-4, (Vi) 4-5, (vii) 5-6, (viii) 6-7, (ix) 7-8, (x) 8-9, (xi) 9-10, (xii) 10-11, xiii) 11-12, (xiv) 12-13, (xv) 13-14, (xvi) 14-15, (xvii) 15-16, (xviii) 16-17, (xix) 17-18, (xx ) 18-19, (xxi) 19-20, (xxii) 20-25, (xxiii) 25-30, (xxiv) 30-35, (xxv) 35-40, (xxvi) 40-45, (xxvii) 45-50, (xxviii) 50-60, (xxix) 60-70, (xxx) 70 80, (xxxi) 80~90, it is selected from the group consisting of (xxxii) 90 to 100, and (xxxiii)> 100.

  The mass analyzer progressively increases, progressively decreases, or gradually changes the amplitude of the third AC or RF voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. Configured to scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise And may further comprise adapted eighth means.

The eighth means preferably increases or decreases the amplitude of the third AC or RF voltage progressively by x ₈ volts over a period t ₈ , gradually decreases, gradually changes, or scans. Configured, adapted to increase, linearly decrease, linearly decrease, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise The Preferably, x ₈ is, (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50 to 100 peak-to-peak, (iii) 100~150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150~200V peak-to-peak, (v) 200 ~ 250V peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, (x) 450 Selected from the group consisting of ~ 500V peak-to-peak, (xi)> 500V peak-to-peak. Preferably, t ₈ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

  According to one embodiment, the mass analyzer preferably increases or decreases gradually the frequency of the third RF or AC voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. , Change incrementally, scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, stepwise or otherwise, stepwise, stepwise or others A ninth means configured and adapted to reduce in this manner.

The ninth means preferably increases the frequency of the third RF or AC voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes gradually over a period t ₉ by x ₉ MHz, or gradually Decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, increasing linearly, decreasing linearly, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise, incrementally, incrementally Configured or adapted to reduce or otherwise. Preferably, x ₉ is, (i) <100kHz, ( ii) 100~200kHz, (iii) 200~300kHz, (iv) 300~400kHz, (v) 400~500kHz, (vi) 0.5~1. 0 MHz, (vii) 1.0-1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5-2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0-2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5-3.0 MHz, (xi) 3 0.0-3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5-4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0-4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5-5.0 MHz, (xv) 5.0-5.5 MHz (Xvi) 5.5-6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0-6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5-7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0-7.5 MHz, (xx) 7. 5 to 8.0 MHz, (xxi) 8.0 to 8.5 MH , (Xxii) 8.5~9.0MHz, (xxiii) 9.0~9.5MHz, is selected from the group consisting of (xxiv) 9.5~10.0MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0MHz. Preferably, t ₉ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

  The mass analyzer preferably applies a second DC voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes and, in use, the one or more third axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, waveforms There is further included means for causing the shape or well to include a DC axial potential barrier or well in combination with an axial time average or pseudopotential barrier or well.

  The mass analyzer preferably progressively increases, progressively reduces or gradually changes the amplitude of the second DC voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. Configured to scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise And further includes a tenth means adapted.

Or the tenth means is preferably either progressively increased over only a period t ₁₀ the amplitude of the second DC voltage x ₁₀ volts, or progressively reduced, either gradually changed to scan Configured and adapted to increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise. Preferably, x ₁₀ is, (i) <0.1V, ( ii) 0.1~0.2V, (iii) 0.2~0.3V, (iv) 0.3~0.4V, (v ) 0.4-0.5V, (vi) 0.5-0.6V, (vii) 0.6-0.7V, (viii) 0.7-0.8V, (ix) 0.8-0 .9V, (x) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2.5-3.0V, (xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5. 0V, (xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7 0.0-7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5 8.0V, (xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0V, and ( xxix)> 10.0V. Preferably, t ₁₀ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

  According to one embodiment, the mass analyzer is applied to at least some of the electrodes of the ion guide and has a DC voltage or potential amplitude that acts to radially confine ions within the ion guide. Progressively increasing, progressively decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, increasing linearly, decreasing linearly, stepwise, incrementally or otherwise It further includes an eleventh means configured and adapted to increase or decrease stepwise, progressively or otherwise.

The eleventh means is either preferably or progressively increased over only a period t ₁₁ amplitude x ₁₁ volts of the DC voltage or potential applied to said at least some of the electrodes are progressively reduced, progressively Change, scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise Configured and adapted to. Preferably, x ₁₁ is, (i) <0.1V, ( ii) 0.1~0.2V, (iii) 0.2~0.3V, (iv) 0.3~0.4V, (v ) 0.4-0.5V, (vi) 0.5-0.6V, (vii) 0.6-0.7V, (viii) 0.7-0.8V, (ix) 0.8-0 .9V, (x) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2.5-3.0V, (xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5. 0V, (xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7 0.0-7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5 8.0V, (xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0V, and ( xxix)> 10.0V. Preferably, t ₁₁ is (i) <lms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

The mass analyzer preferably moves the ion guide to (i) <1.0 × 10 ⁻¹ mbar, (ii) <1.0 × 10 ⁻² mbar, (iii) <1.0 in one mode of operation. It further comprises means for maintaining a pressure selected from the group consisting of x10 ^-3 mbar and (iv) <1.0 x 10 ^-4 mbar.

In one mode of operation, the mass analyzer moves the ion guide to (i)> 1.0 × 10 ⁻³ mbar, (ii)> 1.0 × 10 ⁻² mbar, (iii)> 1.0 × 10 ⁻¹ mbar, (iv)> 1 mbar, (v)> 10 mbar, (vi)> 100 mbar, (vii)> 5.0 × 10 ⁻³ mbar, (viii)> 5.0 × 10 ⁻² mbar, (ix Further means for maintaining a pressure selected from the group consisting of: 10 ⁻⁴ to 10 ⁻³ mbar, (x) 10 ⁻³ to 10 ⁻² mbar, and (xi) 10 ⁻² to 10 ⁻¹ mbar. Including.

  The mass analyzer preferably progressively increases, progressively decreases, progressively changes, scans or increases linearly the gas flow through the ion guide. Further comprising means adapted and adapted to reduce linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, progressively or otherwise.

  According to one embodiment, in one mode of operation, ions are preferably trapped within the ion guide but configured to be substantially unfragmented.

  The mass analyzer may further include means for cooling or substantially thermalizing the ions in the ion guide by impact.

  The mass analyzer may further include means for substantially fragmenting ions within the ion guide in one mode of operation.

  The mass analyzer may further include one or more electrodes disposed at the inlet and / or outlet of the ion guide, wherein in one mode of operation, the one or more electrodes pulse ions to the ion guide. Configured to input and / or output therefrom.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, a mass spectrometer is provided that includes the mass analyzer.

  The mass spectrometer preferably comprises (i) an electrospray ionization (“ESI”) ion source, (ii) atmospheric pressure photoionization (“APPI”) ion source, and (iii) atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (“APCI”) ion. (Iv) a matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (“MALDI”) ion source, (v) a laser desorption ionization (“LDI”) ion source, (vi) an atmospheric pressure ionization (“API”) ion source, (vii) ) Desorption ionization (“DIOS”) ion source using silicon, (viii) electron impact (“EI”) ion source, (ix) chemical ionization (“CI”) ion source, (x) field ionization (“FI”) ") Ion source, (xi) field desorption (" FD ") ion source, (xii) inductively coupled plasma (" ICP ") ion source, (xiii) fast atom bombardment (" FAB ") On-source, (xiv) liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (“LSIMS”) ion source, (xv) desorption electrospray ionization (“DESI”) ion source, (xvi) nickel-63 radioactive ion source, and (xvii) An ion source selected from the group consisting of a thermospray ion source.

  The mass spectrometer preferably includes a continuous or pulsed ion source.

  The mass spectrometer further includes one or more mass filters, preferably disposed upstream and / or downstream of the mass analyzer. The one or more mass filters are preferably (i) a quadrupole rod set mass filter, (ii) a time-of-flight mass filter or mass analyzer, (iii) a Wien filter, and (iv) a sector magnetic field mass filter (magnetic). (sector mass filter) or mass analyzer.

The mass spectrometer further includes one or more second ion guides or ion traps, preferably disposed upstream and / or downstream of the mass analyzer. The one or more second ion guides or ion traps preferably include (i) a quadrupole rod set, a hexapole rod set, an octupole rod set or a rod set comprising more than eight rods. Pole rod set or segmented multipole rod set ion guide or ion trap,
(Ii) In an ion tunnel or ion funnel ion guide or ion trap comprising a plurality of electrodes with openings or at least 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100 electrodes In use, ions are transported through the aperture and at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% of the electrodes. %, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% have apertures of substantially the same size or area, or An ion tunnel or ion funnel ion guide or ion trap having openings that are progressively larger and / or smaller in size or area;
(Iii) one stack or array plane, plate or mesh electrode, wherein the one stack or array plane, plate or mesh electrode is a plurality or at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 planes, plates or mesh electrodes, or at least 1% of said planes, plates or mesh electrodes 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85 %, 90%, 95% or 100% are typically placed in the plane in which ions travel in use, one stack or array plane, plate or mesh electrode And (iv) an ion trap or ion guide comprising a plurality of groups of electrodes arranged axially along the length of the ion trap or ion guide, each group of electrodes comprising: (a) a first And a second electrode and means for applying a DC voltage or potential to the first and second electrodes to confine ions in a first radial direction within the ion guide, and (b) a third and second 4 electrodes and means for applying an AC or RF voltage to the third and fourth electrodes to confine ions in a second radial direction within the ion guide, the second radial direction comprising: Preferably, it is selected from the group consisting of an ion trap or an ion guide different from the first radial direction.

  According to one preferred embodiment, the second ion guide or ion trap preferably comprises an ion tunnel or ion funnel ion guide or ion trap, at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% of the electrodes. %, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% is (i) ≦ 1.0 mm, (ii) ≦ 2.0 mm, (iii) ≦ 3.0 mm, (iv) ≦ 4.0 mm, (v) ≦ 5.0 mm, (vi) ≦ 6. Inner diameter selected from the group consisting of 0 mm, (vii) ≦ 7.0 mm, (viii) ≦ 8.0 mm, (ix) ≦ 9.0 mm, (x) ≦ 10.0 mm, and (xi)> 10.0 mm Or have dimensions.

  The second ion guide or ion trap preferably applies an AC or RF voltage to the plurality of the second ion guide or ion trap to radially confine ions within the second ion guide or ion trap. At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% of the electrodes, Includes a fourth AC or RF voltage means configured and adapted to apply 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%.

  The second ion guide or ion trap preferably receives one beam or group of ions from the mass analyzer and converts or splits the beam or group of ions to at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 ions of the second packet at any particular time Configured and adapted to be confined and / or isolated within a guide or ion trap. Each packet of ions is preferably confined and / or isolated separately in a separate axial potential well formed in the second ion guide or ion trap.

  The mass spectrometer, in one mode of operation, removes at least some ions at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% of the axial length of the second ion guide or ion trap. 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, or It further includes means configured and adapted to propel upstream and / or downstream along it.

  According to one embodiment, the mass spectrometer is configured to transfer at least some ions to at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25 of the axial length of the second ion guide or ion trap. Downstream along%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% And / or applying one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms to the electrodes forming the second ion guide or ion trap for propulsion upstream. It further includes a transient DC voltage means configured and adapted.

  According to one embodiment, the mass spectrometer preferably has at least some ions at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of the axial length of the second ion guide or ion trap. Along 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% AC or RF voltage configured and adapted to apply two or more phase-shifted AC or RF voltages to the electrode forming the second ion guide or ion trap for driving downstream and / or upstream Means are further included.

  The mass spectrometer preferably comprises at least a part of the second ion guide or ion trap (i)> 0.0001 mbar, (ii)> 0.001 mbar, (iii)> 0.01 mbar, (iv)> Maintain a pressure selected from the group consisting of 0.1 mbar, (v)> 1 mbar, (vi)> 10 mbar, (vii)> 1 mbar, (viii) 0.0001-100 mbar, and (ix) 0.001-10 mbar. Further comprising means adapted and adapted to do so.

  The mass spectrometer may further include a collision, fragmentation or reaction device configured and adapted to fragment ions by collision-induced dissociation (“CID”). According to another embodiment, the mass spectrometer comprises (i) a surface-induced dissociation (“SID”) fragmentation device, (ii) an electron transfer dissociation fragmentation device, (iii) an electron capture dissociation fragmentation device, and (iv) electron collisions. Or impact dissociation fragmentation device, (v) photoinduced dissociation (“PID”) fragmentation device, (vi) laser induced dissociation fragmentation device, (vii) infrared radiation induced dissociation device, (viii) ultraviolet radiation induced dissociation device, (ix ) Nozzle-to-skim interface fragmentation device, (x) In-source fragmentation device, (xi) Ion source collision induced dissociation fragmentation device, (xii) Thermal or temperature source fragmentation A device, (xiii) an electric field induced fragmentation device, (xiv) a magnetic field induced fragmentation device, (xv) an enzymatic digestion or enzymatic degradation fragmentation device, (xvi) an ion-ion reaction fragmentation device, (xvii) an ion-molecule reaction fragmentation device, xviii) ion-atom reaction fragmentation device, (xix) ion-metastable ion reaction fragmentation device, (xx) ion-metastable molecular reaction fragmentation device, (xxi) ion-metastable atom reaction fragmentation device, (xxii) ions An ion-ion reaction device for reacting to form addition or product ions, (xxiii) Ion-molecule reaction device for reacting ions to form addition or product ions, (xxiv) ion-atom reaction device for reacting ions to form addition or product ions, (xxv) reacting ions Ion-metastable ion reaction device for forming addition or product ions, (xxvi) ion-metastable molecular reaction device for reacting ions to form addition or product ions, and (xxvii) ion reaction And may further comprise the collision, fragmentation or reaction device selected from the group consisting of ion-metastable atomic reaction devices for forming additional or product ions.

  According to one embodiment, the mass spectrometer progressively increases the potential difference between the mass analyzer and the collision, fragmentation or reaction cell, preferably during or over the cycle time of the mass analyzer. Or progressively decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, linearly increasing, linearly decreasing, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise, or phased Further includes means configured or adapted to reduce, gradual, or otherwise.

  According to an embodiment, the mass spectrometer further comprises a further mass analyzer arranged upstream and / or downstream of the mass analyzer. Said further mass analyzer is preferably (i) a Fourier transform (“FT”) mass analyzer, (ii) a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (“FTICR”) mass analyzer, (iii) time of flight (“TOF”). Mass analyzer, (iv) orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight ("oaTOF") mass analyzer, (v) axial acceleration time-of-flight mass analyzer, (vi) sector magnetic mass spectrometer, (vii) pole or 3D quadrupole Mass analyzer, (viii) 2D or linear quadrupole mass analyzer, (ix) Penning trap mass analyzer, (x) ion trap mass analyzer, (xi) Fourier transform orbitrap, (xii) electrostatic ion cyclotron Resonant mass spectrometer, (xiii) electrostatic Fourier transform mass spectrometer, and (xiv) quadrupole rod set mass filter or mass analyzer It is selected from.

  The mass spectrometer preferably has a mass to charge ratio transmission window of the further analyzer in synchronism with the operation of the mass analyzer during or over the cycle time of the mass analyzer. Incrementally increasing, progressively decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, increasing linearly, decreasing linearly, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise Or further configured or adapted to be reduced stepwise, progressively or otherwise.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide including a plurality of electrodes;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes such that a plurality of first axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are axial lengths of the ion guide. To be created along at least a portion of
Driving or propelling ions along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide;
A second AC or RF voltage is applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes such that one or more second axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are in the axial direction of the ion guide. Creating a method along at least a portion of a length, wherein the second amplitude is different from the first amplitude.

According to one aspect of the invention, a mass analyzer comprising:
An ion guide comprising a plurality of electrodes having openings, wherein ions are transported through said openings in use;
Means for applying a first AC or RF voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes to confine ions radially within the ion guide;
A second, different AC or RF voltage is applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes, and in use, one or more axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are in the axis of the ion guide. Means for generating along at least a portion of the directional length.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide comprising a plurality of electrodes having openings, wherein ions are transported through the openings;
Applying a first AC or RF voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes to confine ions radially within the ion guide;
A second different AC or RF voltage is applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes such that one or more axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are axial lengths of the ion guide. In accordance with at least a portion of the method.

According to one aspect of the invention, a mass analyzer comprising:
An ion guide comprising a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes comprising an electrode having an opening, wherein ions are transported through the opening in use;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes, such that opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage are applied to an axially adjacent group of electrodes. A plurality of first axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells having a first amplitude in at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide in use. Means created along with,
One or more second axial times having a second amplitude in use by inverting the polarity of the first AC or RF voltage applied to one or more axially adjacent groups of electrodes. Means for causing an average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, wherein the second amplitude is the first amplitude And different means are provided.

  Each electrode group may include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or> 10 electrodes.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide including a plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of electrodes includes an electrode having an opening, and ions are transported through the opening;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes, such that opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage are applied to an axially adjacent group of electrodes. A plurality of first axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells having a first amplitude are created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide. Steps,
Reversing the polarity of the first AC or RF voltage applied to one or more axially adjacent groups of electrodes to produce one or more second axial time averages or pseudo-values having a second amplitude. Causing a potential barrier, corrugation or well to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, wherein the second amplitude is different from the first amplitude; Is provided.

According to one aspect of the invention, a mass analyzer comprising:
An ion guide comprising a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes comprising an electrode having an opening, wherein ions are transported through the opening in use;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes, and the first AC or RF voltage is opposite to each other in an axially adjacent electrode or an axially adjacent group of electrodes. A plurality of first axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells having a first amplitude in use in the axial direction of the ion guide. Means created along at least a portion of the length;
One or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms are applied to the plurality of electrodes to drive or propel ions along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide. Means for
A polarity of the first AC or RF voltage applied to a pair of axially adjacent electrodes or a pair of axially adjacent groups of electrodes is reversed to have a second amplitude in use. Means for causing two or more second axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, Means different from the first amplitude;
In order to progressively reduce the amplitude of the one or more second axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells, the amplitude of the first AC or RF voltage is linearly and stepwise. Or a means for progressive reduction in other manners.

Preferably the means for progressively reducing the amplitude of the first AC or RF voltage constituting the amplitude of the first AC or RF voltage to progressively reduce over time t ₁₂ only x ₁₂ volt Is done. Preferably, x ₁₂ is, (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50 to 100 peak-to-peak, (iii) 100~150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150~200V peak-to-peak, (v) 200 ~ 250V peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, (x) 450 ~ 500V peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, (xxv) 700 ~ 750V peak-to-peak, (xxv ) 750-800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak, and xxxi)> selected from the group consisting of> 1000V peak-to-peak. Preferably, t ₁₂ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii ) 50-60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300-400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1 ~ 2s, (xxii) 2-3s, (xxiii) 3-4s, (xxiv) 4-5s, and (xxv)> 5s It is selected from Ranaru group.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide including a plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of electrodes includes an electrode having an opening, and ions are transported through the opening;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes, and the first AC or RF voltage is opposite to each other in an axially adjacent electrode or an axially adjacent group of electrodes. A plurality of first axial time-average or pseudo-potential barriers, corrugations or wells having a first amplitude are at least one of the axial lengths of the ion guides. Steps created along the section,
One or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms are applied to the plurality of electrodes to drive or propel ions along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide. And steps to
One or more having a second amplitude by inverting the polarity of the first AC or RF voltage applied to a pair of axially adjacent electrodes or a pair of axially adjacent groups of electrodes Allowing a second axial time average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, wherein the second amplitude is: A step different from the first amplitude;
In order to progressively reduce the amplitude of the one or more second axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells, the amplitude of the first AC or RF voltage is linearly and stepwise. Or other gradual reduction steps.

According to one aspect of the invention, an ion guide or mass analyzer comprising:
A plurality of electrodes;
Means for applying a first AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes such that at least some of the electrodes are maintained in opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage in use. When,
In use, change or switch the phase difference or polarity of one or more electrodes to create an axial time average or pseudopotential barrier along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer And an ion guide or mass analyzer including means for changing or scanning.

  The means for changing, switching, changing or scanning the phase difference or polarity of the one or more electrodes is preferably configured to change, switch, change or scan the phase difference or polarity by θ °. And θ is (i) <10, (ii) 10-20, (iii) 20-30, (iv) 30-40, (v) 40-50, (vi) 50-60, (vii) 60- 70, (viii) 70-80, (ix) 80-90, (x) 90, (xi) 90-100, (xii) 100-110, (xiii) 110-120, (xiv) 120-130, xv) selected from the group consisting of 130-140, (xvi) 140-150, (xvii) 150-160, (xviii) 160-170, (xix) 170-180, and (xx) 180

According to one aspect of the invention, a method for guiding or mass analyzing ions, comprising:
Providing an ion guide or mass analyzer comprising a plurality of electrodes;
Applying a first AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes such that at least some of the electrodes are maintained in opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage;
Change, switch, change or change the phase difference or polarity of one or more electrodes to create an axial time average or pseudopotential barrier along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer. And a step of scanning is provided.

  Preferably, the step of changing, switching, changing or scanning the phase difference or polarity of the one or more electrodes includes the step of changing, switching, changing or scanning the phase difference or polarity by θ °, wherein θ (I) <10, (ii) 10-20, (iii) 20-30, (iv) 30-40, (v) 40-50, (vi) 50-60, (vii) 60-70, (Viii) 70-80, (ix) 80-90, (x) 90, (xi) 90-100, (xii) 100-110, (xiii) 110-120, (xiv) 120-130, (xv) Selected from the group consisting of 130-140, (xvi) 140-150, (xvii) 150-160, (xviii) 160-170, (xix) 170-180, and (xx) 180

  According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, an RF ion guide is provided that is configured to confine ions radially within the ion guide about a central axis. One or more pseudopotential barriers are preferably maintained at one or more points along the central axis of the ion guide. The magnitude of the one or more pseudopotential barriers preferably depends on the mass to charge ratio of the ions. One or more pseudopotential barriers may be positioned at the inlet and / or outlet of the ion guide. Other embodiments are conceivable in which one or more pseudopotential barriers may be positioned at one or more locations along the length of the ion guide between the inlet and outlet of the ion guide.

  The RF ion guide preferably includes a stack of annular electrodes having openings. In use, ions are transported through the opening. In order to confine ions radially within the ion guide, opposite phases of the RF voltage are preferably applied to the alternating electrodes. The ion guide preferably comprises a ring stack or an ion tunnel ion guide.

  Preferably, ions are propelled along and through the ion guide, preferably by one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms applied to the electrodes of the ion guide. The For ions having a specific mass-to-charge ratio value, the amplitude of one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms is substantially an effective pseudo-potential barrier. Otherwise, these ions will not be driven across or through the pseudopotential barrier. As a result, these ions remain confined within the ion guide. For ions having a particular mass to charge ratio value, if the amplitude of one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms is substantially greater than the effective pseudopotential barrier, these As the ions will be driven across or through the pseudopotential barrier, they will exit the ion guide.

  Ions are in descending order of their mass-to-charge ratio by increasing the amplitude of one or more transient DC voltages or potentials applied to the electrodes of the ion guide and / or reducing the effective amplitude of the pseudopotential barrier. It can be driven incrementally across the pseudopotential barrier. The amplitude of the pseudopotential barrier may be reduced by reducing the amplitude of the applied RF voltage and / or increasing the frequency of the applied RF voltage.

  According to another embodiment, the pseudopotential barrier can be increased by applying an additional DC potential to the electrode close to the pseudopotential barrier. According to this embodiment, the barrier amplitude is a combination of a mass to charge ratio dependent pseudopotential barrier and a mass to charge ratio independent DC potential barrier. The effective barrier amplitude can be reduced by reducing the RF voltage amplitude and / or increasing the applied RF voltage applied frequency and / or reducing the applied DC potential amplitude. Ions that are mass selectively ejected from the ion guide in the axial direction can be transported forward for further processing and / or analysis.

  According to another embodiment, the pseudopotential barrier is such that if an ion with a particular mass to charge ratio has sufficient axial energy, the ion will overcome the pseudopotential barrier and enter the preferred ion guide. As such, it can be placed at the entrance of the ion guide. If an ion with a specific mass to charge ratio has insufficient axial energy to overcome the pseudopotential barrier, the ion is preferably prevented from entering the ion guide and is therefore lost from the system. Suitable ion guides can be used to affect the low mass cutoff characteristics. This low mass cutoff characteristic can be altered by increasing the amplitude of the mass to charge ratio dependent barrier and / or increasing the axial energy of ions entering the ion guide.

  According to a particularly preferred embodiment, a first AC or RF voltage is applied to the electrodes so that axially adjacent electrodes are maintained in opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage. The polarity of the pair of electrodes can then be switched or reversed. Thus, at some time, the polarity of the plurality of electrodes can be allowed to change from +-++-++-++-to +-++-+-. As a result, the effective thickness of the electrode along a portion or section of the ion guide is effectively increased.

  Further embodiments are contemplated where a multiphase RF voltage can be applied to the electrodes. For example, a three-phase RF voltage can be applied such that initially a 120 ° phase difference is maintained between adjacent electrodes. Pseudopotential barriers can be created by changing the phase relationship between electrodes or many electrodes in a region or section of an ion guide or mass analyzer. For example, the phase relationship or pattern along a section of the ion guide or mass analyzer may be changed from 123 123 123 123 123 to 123 331 112 223 123. According to this embodiment, the effective thickness of the electrode along a portion or section of the ion guide or mass analyzer is still effectively increased. Therefore, a pseudopotential barrier having an amplitude greater than the amplitude of the pseudopotential waveform formed along the length of the ion guide otherwise would be created in this region.

According to one aspect of the invention, an ion guide or mass analyzer comprising:
A plurality of electrodes;
means for applying an n-phase AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes, wherein n ≧ 2;
Means for maintaining a first phase relationship or a first aspect ratio between or at the plurality of electrodes;
In use, in order to create one or more axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer, Varying the phase relationship or aspect ratio between, there or their subsets to maintain a second, different phase relationship or second aspect ratio between, or between the electrode subsets An ion guide or a mass analyzer is provided.

  Preferably, n is (i) 2, (ii) 3, (iii) 4, (iv) 5, (v) 6, (vi) 7, (vii) 8, (viii) 9, (ix) 10 And (x)> 10.

  The first phase relationship or first aspect ratio preferably has a first period, pattern, sequence or value, and the second phase relationship or second aspect ratio is preferably second. Have different periods, patterns, sequences or values.

According to one aspect of the invention, a method for guiding or mass analyzing ions, comprising:
Providing an ion guide or mass analyzer comprising a plurality of electrodes;
applying an n-phase AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes, where n ≧ 2.
Maintaining a first phase relationship or a first aspect ratio between the plurality of electrodes;
Between the subsets of the plurality of electrodes to create one or more axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer Changing the phase relationship or aspect ratio thereof, or so that the second different phase relationship or second aspect ratio there between or between the electrode subsets is maintained. A method comprising the steps of:

According to another aspect of the invention, an ion guide or mass analyzer comprising:
A plurality of electrodes;
means for applying an n-phase AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes, wherein n ≧ 2;
In use, in order to create one or more axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer, An ion guide or mass analyzer is provided that includes means for scanning the phase or aspect ratio of one or more of the electrodes.

According to another aspect of the invention, a method for guiding or mass analyzing ions, comprising:
Providing an ion guide or mass analyzer comprising a plurality of electrodes;
applying an n-phase AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes, where n ≧ 2.
In use, in order to create one or more axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer, Scanning the phase or aspect ratio of one or more of the electrodes.

  According to this embodiment, the phase of one or more electrodes can be progressively changed or scanned. The phase of one or more electrodes may be scanned by at least θ °. Here, θ is (i) <10, (ii) 10-20, (iii) 20-30, (iv) 30-40, (v) 40-50, (vi) 50-60, (vii) 60-70, (viii) 70-80, (ix) 80-90, (x) 90, (xi) 90-100, (xii) 100-110, (xiii) 110-120, (xiv) 120-130 , (Xv) 130-140, (xvi) 140-150, (xvii) 150-160, (xviii) 160-170, (xix) 170-180, and (xx) 180. As the phase of one or more electrodes is progressively changed or scanned, the height of one or more axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells is preferably increased or decreased.

  According to the preferred embodiment, ions near the center of the laminated ring ion guide will have a stable trajectory over a wide range of conditions. This is in contrast to the radial stability condition for ions in a quadrupole rod set. In a quadrupole rod set, changing the nature of the oscillating electric field along the axis of such a device can cause undesirable radial instabilities and / or resonances that cause loss of ions.

  The multipole rod set is also relatively large and expensive to manufacture compared to the barrier device or mass analyzer according to the preferred embodiment. Therefore, the ion guide or the mass analyzer according to the preferred embodiment is particularly advantageous as compared with the known configuration.

  Various embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG. According to this embodiment, an RF ring stack ion guide 2 is provided. Preferably, the ion guide includes an inlet plate or electrode 1 that is preferably held or maintained at a DC potential in use, and a plurality of other annular electrodes or plates 2a. Opposite phases of the modulated (RF) potential are preferably applied to the alternating electrode or plate 2a forming the ion guide. Preferably, the ion guide 2 includes an exit plate or electrode 3 that is preferably held or maintained at a DC potential in use.

  According to the preferred embodiment, a further transient DC potential 4 is preferably applied to one or more of the ring electrodes 2a as shown. The transient DC potential 4 is preferably applied simultaneously to one or more electrodes 2a in a relatively short period. The DC potential 4 is then preferably switched or applied to one or more adjacent or subsequent electrodes 2a. According to the preferred embodiment, the one or more transient DC potentials or voltages or the one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms are preferably for propelling ions in a particular direction along the length of the ion guide 2. Are sequentially applied to some or all of the electrodes 2 a of the ion guide 2.

  Preferably, the ion guide 2 includes a continuous annular electrode 2a, preferably having an inner diameter of 5 mm. FIG. 2 shows the laminated ring ion guide 2 when viewed on the x, y plane. Each electrode 2a preferably has a thickness of 0.5 mm, and the distance between the centers of adjacent electrodes is preferably 1.5 mm. The diameter of the openings of the inlet and outlet electrodes 1, 3 is preferably 2 mm.

  FIG. 3A shows a time along the central axis of the ion guide 2 such that ions having a mass to charge ratio of 100 are received when an RF voltage having a maximum voltage of 100 V and a frequency of 1 MHz is applied to the ion guide 2. A mean or pseudopotential plot is shown. FIG. 3B shows a comparative plot of time average or pseudopotential along the central axis of the ion guide 2 as received by ions having a mass to charge ratio of 500.

  The plots shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B were obtained by recording voltage gradients in a three-dimensional computer simulation (SIMION) of an ion guide having a shape as shown in FIG. A static DC voltage corresponding to the maximum voltage during one frequency cycle was applied to each lens element. The pseudopotential was then calculated directly from the recorded electric field using the following equation:

  Where q is the total charge on the ion (ze), e is the electronic charge, z is the number of charges, m is the atomic mass of the ion, and Ω is the modulation Is the frequency of the potential, and E is the recorded electric field.

  FIG. 4 shows a region at the exit of the ion guide 2 and a region extending from 0 to 1 mm in the x-axis (radial direction) with the radial and axial pseudopotentials in the preferred ion guide 2 centered on the z-axis. It shows what was cut along. The voltage and frequency conditions are as described above for ions having a mass to charge ratio of 100.

  As can be seen from FIGS. 3A and 3B, the waveform of the axial pseudopotential in the z-axis is larger for ions having a relatively low mass to charge ratio than for ions having a relatively high mass to charge ratio. As apparent from FIG. 4, the axial pseudopotential waveform shape along the central axis has a relatively low amplitude compared to the amplitude of the pseudopotential waveform shape at a position away from the central axis in the radial direction. Ions can be easily propelled along the ion guide 2 by applying one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms to the electrode 2 a of the ion guide 2.

  FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention. Here, preferably the last two annular plates or electrodes 5a, 5b immediately before or immediately upstream of the outlet opening 3 are preferably the first RF voltage source applied to the preceding annular plate or electrode 2a, preferably Driven by a different second RF voltage source.

  Preferably the amplitude of the second RF voltage applied to one or both of the last two annular plates or electrodes 5a, 5b is increased relative to the amplitude of the first RF voltage applied to the other plates or electrodes 2a. If so, the depth of the pseudopotential waveform at the exit of the ion tunnel ion guide or mass analyzer 2 and thus the height of the pseudopotential barrier is preferably increased.

  According to another embodiment, the second RF modulation frequency applied to one or both of the last two annular plates or electrodes 5a, 5b is applied to the other electrode 2a of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. It can be reduced with respect to the modulation frequency of the first RF voltage.

  FIG. 6A shows a plot of time average or pseudopotential along the central axis of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 as received by ions with a mass to charge ratio of 100. Here, a first RF voltage having a maximum amplitude of 100V and a frequency of 1 MHz is applied to the annular plate or electrode 2a, and an RF voltage having a maximum amplitude of 400V is applied to the plate 5b (immediately upstream of the outlet electrode 3). And a third RF voltage with a maximum amplitude of 200V is applied to the plate 5a (located upstream of the electrode 5b). The phase and frequency of the modulation potential applied to all of the plates or electrodes 2a, 5a, 5b were the same. FIG. 6B shows the time average or pseudopotential along the central axis of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 such that ions with a mass to charge ratio of greater than 500 are received.

  FIG. 7 shows the region at the exit of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 that extends 0-1 mm in the x-axis (radial direction) in the radial and axial directions in the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2. The pseudopotential is cut along the center of the z-axis. Voltage and frequency conditions are as described above with reference to FIG. 6A for ions with a mass to charge ratio of 100.

  Increasing the amplitude of the modulation potential at the exit of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 results in a pseudopotential barrier, preferably having an amplitude that is inversely proportional to the mass to charge ratio of the ions.

According to the preferred embodiment, ions are preferably introduced into the ion guide from an external ion source. The ions can be introduced at time T ₀ , for example, either by pulsing or continuously. When ions are introduced, the axial energy of ions entering the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is preferably such that all ions having a mass to charge ratio within a specific range are confined by a radial RF electric field and Is configured to be prevented from exiting the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 due to the presence of a pseudopotential barrier.

The spread of the initial energy of ions confined in the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 can be reduced by introducing a cooling gas into the ion confinement region of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. The ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is preferably maintained at a pressure in the range of 10 ⁻⁵ to 10 ¹ mbar or more preferably in the range of 10 ⁻³ to 10 ⁻¹ mbar. The kinetic energy of ions will preferably be reduced as a result of collisions between ions and gas molecules. Thus, the ions will cool to thermal energy.

  Once ions are accumulated in the ion guide or mass analyzer 2, the DC voltage applied to the inlet electrode 1 rises to prevent ions from leaving the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 through the inlet. Can be done.

  According to another embodiment, one or more pseudopotential barriers are created by applying one or more suitable potentials to one or more annular plates or electrodes located at the entrance of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. It can be formed at the inlet of an ion guide or mass analyzer 2.

At an initial time T ₀ , one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more DC voltages or potential waveforms are preferably applied to the electrode 2 a forming the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. According to one embodiment, the amplitude of one or more DC voltages or potentials or one or more DC voltage or potential waveforms may initially be relatively low or substantially zero. Then, according to one embodiment, the amplitude of one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more DC voltages or potential waveforms can be gradually ramped up to a final maximum value, It can be increased in stages or can be increased. In this way, the ions are preferably propelled, driven or translated towards a pseudopotential barrier located at the exit of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. The ions are preferably allowed to exit the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 in reverse order of mass to charge ratio. That is, ions having a relatively high mass to charge ratio exit the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 before ions having a relatively low mass to charge ratio. The above process can be repeated once ions are gone from the ion guide or mass analyzer 2.

  FIG. 8 shows that the diameter of the two annular plates or electrodes 5 a, 5 b arranged at the outlet of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is preferably larger than the diameter of the electrode 2 a including the rest of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. One small embodiment is shown. A mass selective pseudopotential barrier is preferably formed at the exit of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 as in the embodiment described above with reference to FIG. The embodiment shown in FIG. 8 preferably has the advantage that the amplitude of the modulated RF potential required to produce a similar amplitude mass dependent pseudopotential barrier is smaller than the embodiment of FIG.

  With reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B, a preferred less preferred method of creating a mass to charge ratio dependent pseudopotential barrier in the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 will be described. The ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is preferably similar to the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 shown in FIG. However, the amplitude of the applied RF voltage, or preferably the additional RF or AC voltage applied to the ring electrode 2a, is preferably towards the exit of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 or of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 It is configured to increase gradually along the length. FIG. 9B shows a plot of the maximum amplitude 6 and minimum amplitude 7 of the further modulation voltage as a function of the number of lens elements of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 as shown in FIG. 9A.

  The general form of a further time-varying potential Vn applied to the lens element n can be described by:

  Here, n is the index number of the lens element, f (n) is a function describing the amplitude of vibration for the element n, and σ is the modulation frequency.

  A mass to charge ratio dependent pseudopotential barrier is preferred if the maximum amplitude of the further modulation potential described by f (n) increases with a nonlinear function as shown in FIG. 9B towards the exit of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. Will be formed at the exit of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 and preferably the above or any axial pseudomorphism formed as a result of the alternating phase of the AC or RF voltage applied to the continuous ring electrode 2a. It is superimposed on the potential waveform shape.

  According to another embodiment, one or more mass selective pseudopotential barriers are adjacent to the inner diameter of the ring electrode 2a and within or along a particular region or portion of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. It can be created or created by changing the aspect ratio with the spacing between. Changing the aspect ratio can be achieved by changing the mechanical design of the ring electrode 2a and / or by changing the phase or phase relationship between a series of two or more adjacent ring electrodes. For example, if two adjacent ring electrodes are switched to be supplied with the same phase of the modulation potential (as opposed to opposite phases of the modulated potential), this region of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 Or, the aspect ratio in the section is actually changed. According to one embodiment, the polarity or phase of the pair of electrodes is such that the effective aspect ratio of a region or section of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is maintained along the rest of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. Can be switched or inverted to change for different aspect ratios. According to one embodiment, the aspect ratio and thus the height of the pseudopotential barrier can be adjusted by adjusting the phase difference between adjacent electrodes or electrode groups, for example, continuously from 180 degrees to 0 degrees or otherwise. It can be adjusted continuously or otherwise. These methods can be used in conjunction with techniques that change the amplitude and / or frequency of the applied modulation potential.

  FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the invention in which a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is coupled in series with a higher resolution mass analyzer 11 such as a quadrupole mass filter. This can provide a mass spectrometer with an overall improved duty cycle and sensitivity. Preferably, ions from the ion source are stored in an ion trap 8, preferably located upstream of a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. The ions are then periodically ejected from the ion trap 8 by preferably pulsing the gate electrode 9 provided at the exit of the ion trap 8. The ions emitted or pulsed from the ion trap 8 are then preferably directed to enter a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. The ions remain axially confined within the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2, preferably by the presence of a pseudopotential barrier formed at the exit of the suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. Once the ions enter a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2, a DC barrier voltage is preferably applied to the entrance electrode 1 of the suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. This preferably prevents ions from exiting a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 upstream through an opening in the entrance electrode 1. Once ions are stored in a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2, one or more transient DC voltages or to drive or propel the ions toward the exit of the suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 A potential or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms are preferably superimposed on the electrodes forming the ion guide or mass analyzer 2.

  The amplitude of one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms is preferably progressively increased over time to the final maximum voltage. Preferably, the ions are propelled, driven or pushed, preferably in a descending order of mass to charge ratio, over a pseudopotential barrier, preferably located at the exit of a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. The output of a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is preferably a function of the ion mass to charge ratio and time.

  First, ions having a relatively high mass to charge ratio preferably exit a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. Ions with progressively lower mass to charge ratios preferably exit the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 subsequently. Ions having a specific mass to charge ratio will preferably exit the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 for a relatively short or narrow period. According to one embodiment, the mass to charge ratio transfer window of the scan quadrupole mass filter / analyzer 11 arranged downstream of a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 preferably exits the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. It is made to synchronize with the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. As a result, the duty cycle of the scan quadrupole mass analyzer 11 is preferably increased. An ion detector 12 is preferably arranged downstream of the quadrupole mass analyzer 11 to detect ions.

  According to another embodiment, the mass to charge ratio transfer window of the quadrupole mass filter 11 may be increased stepwise or otherwise. This is preferably made to be substantially synchronized with the mass to charge ratio of the ions exiting the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. According to this embodiment, the transfer efficiency and duty cycle of the quadrupole mass filter 11 can be increased in one mode of operation where only ions having a particular mass or mass to charge ratio are desired to be measured or analyzed.

  According to another embodiment, a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 may be coupled to an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass analyzer 4 as shown in FIG. A suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is preferably coupled to a time-of-flight mass analyzer 14 via a further ion guide 13. One or more transient DC voltages or potentials or 1 to transfer ions received from a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 and preferably in a manner that maintains the order in which the ions were received. One or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms are preferably applied to the electrodes of the further ion guide 13. Thus, the ions are preferably transferred to the forward time-of-flight mass analyzer 14 in an optimal manner. Combining a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 and time-of-flight mass analyzer 14 preferably improves the overall duty cycle and sensitivity of the mass spectrometer. The ions output from the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 suitable for any particular case preferably have a well-defined mass-to-charge ratio.

  The further ion guide 13 preferably separates the ions emerging or received from the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 into a plurality of separate ion packets. Preferably, each ion packet received by the further ion guide 13 is trapped in a separate axial potential well that is preferably translated continuously along the length of the further ion guide 13. Thus, each axial potential well preferably contains ions having a limited range of mass to charge ratios. The axial potential well is preferably continuously transported along the length of the further ion guide 13 until ions are ejected towards or into the orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass analyzer 14. The orthogonal acceleration pulses are preferably used to maximize the transport of ions (preferably having a limited range of mass to charge ratios) present in each packet or well into the orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass analyzer 14. , Synchronized with the arrival of ions from the further ion guide 13.

  According to another embodiment, the pseudopotential barrier can be positioned at the entrance of a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. Thus, if an ion with a specific mass to charge ratio has sufficient initial axial energy to overcome the pseudopotential barrier, the ion will enter a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. However, if an ion with a specific mass to charge ratio has insufficient initial axial energy to overcome the pseudopotential barrier, the ion is preferably prevented from entering the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 and Can be lost from the system. According to this embodiment, the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 can be operated to have a low mass or mass to charge ratio cutoff. The low mass or mass to charge ratio cut-off characteristic increases or changes the initial axial energy of ions entering or entering a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 by increasing or changing the amplitude of the mass to charge ratio dependent barrier. Can be changed or changed as a function of time. The magnitude of the pseudopotential barrier can be increased by increasing the RF voltage and / or by reducing the frequency of the RF voltage applied to the electrode.

  FIG. 12 shows that the first annular plate or electrode 15 immediately after or immediately downstream of the inlet electrode 1 is preferably applied to the other annular plate or electrode 2a that preferably forms or constitutes the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment, preferably driven by an RF voltage source that is preferably separate from or different from the voltage source. If the amplitude of the RF voltage applied to the first annular plate or electrode 15 is increased relative to the amplitude of the RF voltage applied to the other annular plate or electrode 2a, a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 The height of the pseudopotential barrier at the inlet is preferably increased. A similar effect is achieved by reducing the RF modulation frequency applied to the first annular plate or electrode 15 relative to the modulation frequency of the potential applied to the other electrode 2a of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. obtain.

  FIG. 13A shows a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer as shown in FIG. 12 where ions having a mass to charge ratio of 100 are received when an RF voltage of up to 100 V and a frequency of 1 MHz is applied to the annular plate or electrode 2a. 2 shows a plot of time-average potential or pseudopotential along the central axis of 2. The maximum amplitude of the modulation potential applied to the first annular plate or electrode 15 was 400V. The phase and frequency of the modulation potential applied to all of the annular plates or electrodes 2a, 15 were the same. FIG. 13B shows the corresponding time-averaged potential or pseudopotential along the central axis of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 as received by ions with a mass to charge ratio of 500.

  FIG. 14 shows a region at the entrance of a preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2 that extends 0-1 mm in the x-axis (radial direction) and in the radial direction within the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2 and The axial pseudopotential is cut along the center of the z-axis. The voltage and frequency conditions are as described above for the embodiment described above with reference to FIG.

  Increasing the amplitude of the modulation potential at the entrance of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 results in a pseudopotential barrier having an amplitude that is inversely proportional to the mass to charge ratio of the ions. Ions with sufficient axial energy will overcome the pseudopotential barrier and will be transported into a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 while insufficient axial direction to overcome this barrier. Energetic ions will be lost from the system.

  According to one embodiment, the low mass-to-charge ratio transfer characteristic is a modulation potential applied to one or more first electrodes 15 located near or at the location of a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 entrance. Can be scanned, changed, or stepped by changing the amplitude and / or frequency of the.

  According to another embodiment as shown in FIG. 15, a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 can be coupled to an ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a. The ion guide or mass analyzer 2 according to one preferred embodiment may be positioned downstream of the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a and is relatively low while allowing forward transfer of relatively high charge state ions. It can be used to prevent forward transport of ions having a charge state. When the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a is combined with a mass spectrometer or mass analyzer, a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is downstream of the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a and the mass spectrometer or mass analyzer. Can be positioned upstream of the. A suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 prevents forward transfer of ions having a relatively low charge state while allowing forward transfer of ions having a relatively high charge state for subsequent mass analysis. Can be used.

  When used in combination with an ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a, the size or height of the pseudopotential barrier provided in the region of the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2 and thus the low mass of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2 The charge ratio cutoff characteristic can be scanned in synchronism with the pulsing of ions into the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a or the appearance of ions from the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a. Ions that emerge from the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a at a predetermined drift time and have a mass or mass to charge ratio below a predetermined level can be excluded or prevented from transport through a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. An important application of this embodiment is to distinguish between ions having the same mass to charge ratio but different charge states.

  Referring to FIG. 15, ions from the ion source can preferably accumulate in the ion trap 8. Ions can be periodically ejected from the ion trap 8 by pulsing the gate electrode 9 located at the exit of the ion trap 8. The ions can then be pulsed into an ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a. The ions then preferably travel through an ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a. The ions are then separated in time according to their ion mobility, preferably when passing through an ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a. Ions having a relatively high ion mobility will preferably exit the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a before ions having a relatively low ion mobility.

  As ions exit the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a, the DC potential between the exit electrode 16 of the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a and the entrance electrode 17 to a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is preferred. It is accelerated by maintaining the difference. Preferably, ions entering a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 will undergo a pseudopotential barrier, preferably having an amplitude that preferably depends on the mass to charge ratio of the ions. Ions with a relatively low mass to charge ratio will preferably undergo a pseudopotential barrier with a relatively high amplitude, while ions with a relatively high mass to charge ratio will preferably have a pseudopotential with a relatively low amplitude. You will receive a barrier. Thus, ions below a certain mass to charge ratio will preferably not be transferred into a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. The ions transported forward from a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 are preferably further processed as needed. For example, the ions can be transferred to a mass spectrometer for later mass analysis. Ions that are prevented from entering a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 are preferably lost from the system.

  The size of the pseudopotential barrier provided in or at the entrance to a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 can be progressively increased during ion mobility separation. FIG. 16 shows a plot of mass to charge ratio values as a function of ion mobility drift time. As can be seen, the monovalent and multivalent ions are divided into two distinct bands. At any given drift time, monovalent ions exiting the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a will have a lower mass to charge ratio than multivalent ions exiting the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a at the same time. Thus, with a drift time such that the height of the pseudopotential barrier at the entrance to the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2 excludes ions having a mass to charge ratio value less than that shown in line 18 shown in FIG. If configured to be scanned, almost only multivalent ions will enter the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2. Monovalent ions will preferably be lost. This results in the advantage of significantly improving signal to noise over subsequent detection of multiply charged ions.

The ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a may include a drift tube. Here, an axial electric field is applied or maintained along the length of the drift tube. Alternatively, the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a may include an ion guide that includes a plurality of electrodes having openings. Here, one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more DC voltages or potential waveforms are applied to the electrodes of the ion mobility separator or spectrometer. An AC or RF voltage can be applied to the electrodes to confine ions to the central axis, thereby maximizing transport. Suitable operating pressure for the ion mobility separator or spectrometer 15a is preferably in the range of 10 ^-2 mbar~10 ² mbar, more preferably in the range of 10 ^-1 mbar~10 ¹ mbar.

  The group of ions separated according to ion mobility preferably applies one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms to the electrode comprising the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. Is transferred through a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 without loss of separation. This is particularly advantageous when a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is also coupled to the orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass analyzer. The duty cycle can be improved by synchronizing the mass analyzer quadrature sampling pulses with the arrival of ions at the quadrature acceleration electrode.

  Other embodiments are conceivable in which multiple pseudopotential barriers are created or created in a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 or along its length. This allows a group of ions trapped in a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 to be manipulated in a more complex manner. For example, the low mass to charge ratio cut-off characteristic of the first device or region used in filling a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is different from the lower mass to charge ratio of the second device or region that is different from that. It can be combined with a cut-off characteristic (used to allow discharge of ions at the outlet of a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2). This allows ions having a mass to charge ratio value between two cutoff values to be trapped in a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2.

FIG. 17 shows an experimental setup in which a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is coupled to an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass analyzer 14. A continuous beam of ions was introduced from an electrospray ionization source. The ions were configured to pass through a first stacked ring ion guide 19 maintained at a pressure of about 10 ^-1 mbar argon. In order to propel the ions through and along the ion guide 19, a transient DC potential with an amplitude of 2V was applied and translated along the length of the ion guide 19. The ions exit the ion guide 19 preferably through an opening in the DC dedicated outlet plate 20 and through a inlet electrode 21 a suitable stacked ring ion guide or mass analyzer maintained at about 10 ⁻² mbar argon. Enter 2. The potential difference between the outlet plate 20 of the ion guide 19 and a suitable ion guide or inlet plate 21 of the mass analyzer 2 was maintained at -2V. Upon exiting a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2, the ions are mass analyzed through the transfer region and then by the orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass analyzer 14. In order to confine ions radially within the upstream ion guide 19 and the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2, both the ion guide 19 and the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2 have 200 Vpk-pk at a frequency of 2 MHz. RF voltage was supplied.

  In addition to applying a DC voltage, the inlet plate 21 to a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 was coupled to an independent RF source with independent variable amplitude. The frequency of the RF source was 750 MHz. During the experiment, the amplitude of the modulation potential applied to the inlet plate 21 was increased from 0 V to 550 Vpk-pk.

  FIGS. 18A-18E show the mass obtained by continuous injection of a mixture of standard compounds including polyethylene glycol having an average molecular mass of 1000 and triacetyl-cyclodextrin (where [M + H] + = 2034.6). The spectrum is shown.

  FIG. 18A shows the mass spectrum recorded when the amplitude of the RF voltage applied to the inlet plate 21 was 0V. 18B to 18E show mass spectra obtained when the amplitude of the RF voltage applied to the inlet plate 21 is manually increased from 0 V to a maximum of 550 Vpk-pk. The mass spectrum shown in FIG. 18E is obtained when the RF voltage is set to the maximum of 550 Vpk-pk. For all mass spectra, their intensities were normalized to the same value so that they could be directly compared.

  As can be seen from FIGS. 18A-18E, as the amplitude of the RF voltage applied to the inlet plate 21 is progressively increased, low mass to charge ratio ions can enter a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. It is even more prevented and therefore does not appear in the mass spectrum. When applying a maximum RF amplitude of 550 Vpk-pk as shown in FIG. 18E, the majority of ions with a mass to charge ratio <1800 are not attenuated in peaks corresponding to ions with a higher mass to charge ratio, You can see that it was removed.

  By applying an RF potential to the inlet plate 21, a mass dependent barrier is created that increases in magnitude as the RF amplitude is increased. At a certain RF amplitude, ions below a certain mass to charge ratio cannot overcome this pseudopotential barrier and are thus prevented from entering a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2.

  If the frequency of the AC potential applied to the adjacent elements of the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2 is different, then the modulation potential forming the mass selective barrier and the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2 radially There can be some interaction with the modulation potential used to confine ions. This interaction can lead to ion instability in these regions of the ion guide or mass analyzer 2. If this interaction is not desired, regions of different AC potentials can be separated or shielded by electrodes supplied by DC potentials rather than AC potentials.

According to the preferred embodiment, the ions are preferably pulsed using a gate electrode and input into a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2. However, other embodiments are conceivable, such as, for example, an embodiment in which a pulsed ion source such as a MALDI ion source is used, and an embodiment in which time T ₀ corresponds to laser firing.

  According to one embodiment, a fragmentation region or device may be provided after or downstream of the mass separation region. The potential difference between the preferred ion guide or mass analyzer 2 and the fragmentation region or device is preferably linear with the amplitude of one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms. As it is increased, it can be reduced linearly. A suitable ion guide or mass analyzer 2 can then be optimized to fragment ions in the desired mass to charge ratio range at a given time.

According to the preferred embodiment, an electric field, preferably in the form of one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms, preferably drives ions across or across the pseudopotential barrier. Used to be. According to other embodiments, ions can be driven across the pseudopotential barrier by a viscous drag caused by gas flow. Viscous resistance due to gas flow becomes significant for gas pressures greater than 10 ⁻² mbar, preferably greater than 10 ⁻¹ mbar. Viscous resistance due to gas flow can also be combined with electric field forces (such as one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or forces derived from one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms). The forces due to viscous drag on the ions and the forces due to the electric field can be configured to work together or alternatively, can be configured to oppose each other.

  Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that various changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. To be understood.

FIG. 1 shows a laminated ring ion guide in the y, z plane according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a laminated ring ion guide in the x, y plane according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3A shows a plot of the axial pseudopotential along the central axis of the ion guide received by ions with a mass to charge ratio of 100. FIG. 3B shows a plot of the axial pseudopotential along the central axis of the ion guide received by ions with a mass to charge ratio of 500. FIG. 4 is for the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A and shows a three-dimensional plot of axial and radial pseudopotentials experienced by ions having a mass to charge ratio of 100. FIG. FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the invention in which a mass to charge ratio dependent barrier is provided at the exit of a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer. 6A is an axial pseudopotential along the center line of an ion guide or mass analyzer as shown in FIG. 5 and has an axial pseudopotential that is received by ions having a mass to charge ratio of 100. FIG. Or a plot as a function of distance for a mass spectrometer. FIG. 6B is an axial pseudopotential along the center line of the ion guide or mass analyzer as shown in FIG. 5, which is received by an ion with a mass to charge ratio of 500. Or a plot as a function of distance for a mass spectrometer. FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional plot of axial and radial pseudopotentials for the embodiment shown in FIG. 6A and as experienced by ions with a mass to charge ratio of 100. FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the invention in which a mass to charge ratio dependent barrier is formed at the exit of the ion guide or mass analyzer and the exit electrode is configured to have a relatively small aperture. FIG. 9A shows a further embodiment in which a mass to charge ratio dependent barrier is formed at the exit of the ion guide or mass analyzer. FIG. 9B shows the maximum and minimum potentials of further time-varying potentials applied to the electrodes. FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer is combined with a quadrupole rod set mass analyzer that is scanned in use. FIG. 11 illustrates one embodiment in which a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer is coupled to an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass analyzer. FIG. 12 shows one embodiment where a mass to charge ratio dependent barrier is formed at the entrance of a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer. FIG. 13A is an axial pseudopotential along the center line of an ion guide or mass analyzer as shown in FIG. 12, and an axial pseudopotential ion guide as received by an ion having a mass to charge ratio of 100 or Figure 5 shows a plot as a function of distance for a mass analyzer. FIG. 13B shows an axial pseudopotential along the centerline of the ion guide as shown in FIG. 12, and an axial pseudopotential ion guide or mass analyzer as received by an ion having a mass-to-charge ratio of 500. A plot as a function of distance is shown. FIG. 14 shows a three-dimensional plot of axial and radial pseudopotentials as shown in FIG. 13A, as received by ions with a mass to charge ratio of 100. FIG. 15 illustrates one embodiment where the ion mobility separation device is coupled to a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer. FIG. 16 shows a plot of ion mass-to-charge ratio as a function of drift time through an ion mobility device, showing the scan line for low mass cutoff operation. FIG. 17 shows the experimental setup used to generate the experimental data as shown in FIGS. 18A-18E. FIG. 18A shows the mass spectrum obtained in the absence of an axial pseudopotential barrier. FIG. 18B shows the mass spectrum obtained when an axial pseudopotential barrier is provided at the entrance of a suitable ion guide or mass analyzer as shown in FIG. FIG. 18C shows the mass spectrum obtained when the axial pseudopotential barrier had a larger magnitude than that used to obtain the result shown in FIG. 18B. FIG. 18D shows the mass spectrum obtained when the axial pseudopotential barrier has a larger magnitude than that used to obtain the result shown in FIG. 18C. FIG. 18E shows the mass spectrum obtained when the axial pseudopotential barrier has a larger magnitude than that used to obtain the result shown in FIG. 18D.

Claims (173)

A mass analyzer,
An ion guide including a plurality of electrodes;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes and, in use, a plurality of first axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells having a first amplitude. Means for generating along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide;
Means for driving or propelling ions along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide;
The mass spectrometer is
One or more second axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, waveform shapes having a second amplitude in use when a second AC or RF voltage is applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. Or means for allowing a well to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, wherein the second amplitude is different from the first amplitude, further comprising means Analyzer.   In one mode of operation, ions having a mass to charge ratio ≧ M1 exit the ion guide, while ions having a mass to charge ratio <M2 are the one or more second axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, waveform shapes The mass analyzer of claim 1, alternatively trapped or confined axially within the ion guide by a well.   The M1 is (i) <100, (ii) 100 to 200, (iii) 200 to 300, (iv) 300 to 400, (v) 400 to 500, (vi) 500 to 600, (vii) 600 to The mass of claim 2 in a first range selected from the group consisting of 700, (viii) 700-800, (ix) 800-900, (x) 900-1000, and (xi)> 1000. Analyzer.   The M2 is (i) <100, (ii) 100 to 200, (iii) 200 to 300, (iv) 300 to 400, (v) 400 to 500, (vi) 500 to 600, (vii) 600 to 4 or 3 in a second range selected from the group consisting of 700, (viii) 700-800, (ix) 800-900, (x) 900-1000, and (xi)> 1000. Mass spectrometer.   A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, wherein in one mode of operation, ions are sequentially ejected from the mass analyzer in the order of their mass to charge ratio or in the reverse order of their mass to charge ratio.   The ion guide includes n axial segments, where n is (i) 1-10, (ii) 11-20, (iii) 21-30, (iv) 31-40, (v) 41 -50, (vi) 51-60, (vii) 61-70, (viii) 71-80, (ix) 81-90, (x) 91-100, and (xi)> 100 A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim.   Each axial segment is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or> 20 The mass analyzer of claim 6, comprising an electrode.   Axial length of at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the axial segment (I) <1 mm, (ii) 1-2 mm, (iii) 2-3 mm, (iv) 3-4 mm, (v) 4-5 mm, (vi) 5-6 mm, (vii) 6-7 mm The mass spectrometer of claim 6 or 7, selected from the group consisting of: (viii) 7-8 mm, (ix) 8-9 mm, (x) 9-10 mm, and (xi)> 10 mm.   Spacing between at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the axial segments. (I) <1 mm, (ii) 1-2 mm, (iii) 2-3 mm, (iv) 3-4 mm, (v) 4-5 mm, (vi) 5-6 mm, (vii) 6-7 mm, The mass spectrometer according to claim 6, 7 or 8, selected from the group consisting of (viii) 7-8mm, (ix) 8-9mm, (x) 9-10mm, and (xi)> 10mm.   The ion guide comprises (i) <20 mm, (ii) 20-40 mm, (iii) 40-60 mm, (iv) 60-80 mm, (v) 80-100 mm, (vi) 100-120 mm, (vii) 120 Any of the preceding claims having a length selected from the group consisting of ~ 140 mm, (viii) 140-160 mm, (ix) 160-180 mm, (x) 180-200 mm, and (xi)> 200 mm The mass spectrometer described.   The ion guide comprises at least (i) 10-20 electrodes, (ii) 20-30 electrodes, (iii) 30-40 electrodes, (iv) 40-50 electrodes, (v) 50 ~ 60 electrodes, (vi) 60-70 electrodes, (vii) 70-80 electrodes, (viii) 80-90 electrodes, (ix) 90-100 electrodes, (x) 100 ~ 110 electrodes, (xi) 110-120 electrodes, (xii) 120-130 electrodes, (xiii) 130-140 electrodes, (xiv) 140-150 electrodes, or (xv) A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, comprising> 150 electrodes.   The mass analyzer of any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of electrodes includes an electrode having an opening, and ions are transported through the opening in use.   At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the electrodes are substantially circular. A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, having a rectangular, square or elliptical opening.   At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the electrodes are substantially the same. A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, having openings that are sized or have substantially the same area.   At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the electrodes have a size or area 14. A mass analyzer as claimed in any preceding claim, having an opening that progressively becomes larger and / or smaller in a direction along the axis of the ion guide.   At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the electrodes are (i) ≦ 1.0 mm, (ii) ≦ 2.0 mm, (iii) ≦ 3.0 mm, (iv) ≦ 4.0 mm, (v) ≦ 5.0 mm, (vi) ≦ 6.0 mm, (vii) ≦ 7. Having an aperture having an inner diameter or dimension selected from the group consisting of 0 mm, (viii) ≦ 8.0 mm, (ix) ≦ 9.0 mm, (x) ≦ 10.0 mm, and (xi)> 10.0 mm, A mass analyzer according to any of the preceding claims.   At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the electrodes are (i) 5 mm Hereinafter, (ii) 4.5 mm or less, (iii) 4 mm or less, (iv) 3.5 mm or less, (v) 3 mm or less, (vi) 2.5 mm or less, (vii) 2 mm or less, (viii) 1.5 mm Hereinafter, (ix) 1 mm or less, (x) 0.8 mm or less, (xi) 0.6 mm or less, (xii) 0.4 mm or less, (xiii) 0.2 mm or less, (xiv) 0.1 mm or less, and ( xv) A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, spaced apart from one another by an axial distance selected from the group consisting of 0.25 mm or less.   At least some of the plurality of electrodes include openings, and the ratio of the inner diameter or size of the openings to the center-to-center axial spacing between adjacent electrodes is (i) <1.0, (ii) 1 0.0-1.2, (iii) 1.2-1.4, (iv) 1.4-1.6, (v) 1.6-1.8, (vi) 1.8-2.0 (Vii) 2.0-2.2, (viii) 2.2-2.4, (ix) 2.4-2.6, (x) 2.6-2.8, (xi) 2. 8-3.0, (xii) 3.0-3.2, (xiii) 3.2-3.4, (xiv) 3.4-3.6, (xv) 3.6-3.8, (Xvi) 3.8 to 4.0, (xvii) 4.0 to 4.2, (xviii) 4.2 to 4.4, (xix) 4.4 to 4.6, (xx) 4.6 ~ 4.8, (xxi) 4.8-5.0, and (x ii)> is selected from the group consisting of 5.0, the mass analyzer according to any one of the preceding claims.   At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the electrodes are (i) 5 mm Hereinafter, (ii) 4.5 mm or less, (iii) 4 mm or less, (iv) 3.5 mm or less, (v) 3 mm or less, (vi) 2.5 mm or less, (vii) 2 mm or less, (viii) 1.5 mm Hereinafter, (ix) 1 mm or less, (x) 0.8 mm or less, (xi) 0.6 mm or less, (xii) 0.4 mm or less, (xiii) 0.2 mm or less, (xiv) 0.1 mm or less, and ( A mass spectrometer according to any preceding claim, wherein xv) has a thickness or axial length selected from the group consisting of 0.25 mm or less.   The mass analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the ion guide includes a segmented rod set ion guide.   21. The mass analyzer of claim 20, wherein the ion guide comprises a segmented quadrupole, hexapole or octupole ion guide or an ion guide comprising more than eight segmented rod sets.   The ion guide comprises (i) a substantially or substantially circular cross section, (ii) a substantially or substantially hyperboloid, (iii) an arc or partial circular cross section, (iv) a substantially or substantially rectangular cross section, and (v The mass analyzer of claim 20 or 21, comprising a plurality of electrodes having a cross section selected from the group consisting of substantially or substantially square cross sections.   The mass spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the ion guide includes a plurality of plate electrodes, and the plurality of groups of plate electrodes are arranged along an axial length of the ion guide.   Each group of plate electrodes includes a first plate electrode and a second plate electrode, wherein the first and second plate electrodes are disposed in substantially the same plane, and the central longitudinal axis of the ion guide 24. A mass spectrometer as claimed in claim 23, arranged on either side.   25. The mass analyzer further comprises means for applying a DC voltage or potential to the first and second plate electrodes to confine ions in a first radial direction within the ion guide. The mass spectrometer described.   Each group of electrodes further includes a third electrode and a fourth electrode, wherein the third and fourth electrodes are arranged in substantially the same plane and are either one of the central long axes of the ion guides 26. A mass spectrometer as claimed in claim 24 or 25, arranged on one side in a different direction from the first and second electrodes.   The means for applying the AC or RF voltage applies the AC or RF voltage to the third and fourth plate electrodes to confine ions in a second radial direction within the ion guide. 27. The mass analyzer of claim 26, configured as follows.   The means for driving or propelling the ions comprises applying one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more DC voltage or potential waveforms to at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% of the electrodes, Mass spectrometer according to any of the preceding claims, comprising means for applying to 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100%.   The one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or the one or more DC voltages or potential waveforms include: (i) a potential peak or barrier, (ii) a potential well, and (iii) a plurality of potential peaks. Or (iv) a combination of a plurality of potential wells, (v) a combination of one potential peak or barrier and one potential well, or (vi) a combination of a plurality of potential peaks or barriers and a plurality of potential wells. The mass analyzer according to claim 28, wherein the mass analyzer is created.   30. A mass analyzer as claimed in claim 28 or 29, wherein the one or more transient DC voltage or potential waveforms comprise a repetitive waveform or a square wave.   In use, multiple axial DC potential wells are translated along the length of the ion guide or multiple transient DC potentials or voltages are progressively applied to the electrodes along the axial length of the ion guide. 31. A mass analyzer as claimed in claim 28, 29 or 30, wherein   The mass analyzer progressively increases or decreases the amplitude, height or depth of the one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or the one or more DC voltage or potential waveforms; Incrementally changing, scanning, linearly increasing, linearly decreasing, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise 32. The mass analyzer of any of claims 28-31, further comprising first means configured or adapted to reduce. The first means progressively increases the amplitude, height or depth of the one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or the one or more DC voltage or potential waveforms over a period t ₁ by x ₁ volts. , Progressively decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, linearly increasing, linearly decreasing, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise, or phased 33. A mass analyzer according to claim 32, wherein the mass analyzer is configured or adapted to reduce, gradual, or otherwise. The x ₁ is (i) <0.1V, (ii) 0.1-0.2V, (iii) 0.2-0.3V, (iv) 0.3-0.4V, (v) 0 .4 to 0.5 V, (vi) 0.5 to 0.6 V, (vii) 0.6 to 0.7 V, (viii) 0.7 to 0.8 V, (ix) 0.8 to 0.9 V (X) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2. 5-3.0V, (xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5.0V, (Xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7.0 ~ 7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5-8.0 (Xxv) 8.0-8.5 V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0 V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5 V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0 V, and (xxix)> 34. The mass analyzer of claim 33, selected from the group consisting of 10.0V. The t ₁ is (i) <lms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 33 or 34.   The mass analyzer progressively increases or decreases the rate or rate at which the one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or the one or more DC voltage or potential waveforms are applied to the electrodes. , Change incrementally, scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, stepwise or otherwise, stepwise, stepwise or other 36. The mass analyzer of any of claims 28-35, further comprising a second means configured and adapted to reduce in a manner. The second means progressively increases the rate or rate at which the one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or the one or more DC voltage or potential waveforms are applied to the electrodes for a period t ₂ by x ₂ m / s. Increasing, progressively decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, increasing linearly, decreasing linearly, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise 38. A mass analyzer as claimed in claim 36, wherein the mass analyzer is configured and adapted to reduce, stepwise, gradual or otherwise. Said x ₂ is (i) <1, (ii) 1-2, (iii) 2-3, (iv) 3-4, (v) 4-5, (vi) 5-6, (vii) 6 -7, (viii) 7-8, (ix) 8-9, (x) 9-10, (xi) 10-11, (xii) 11-12, (xiii) 12-13, (xiv) 13- 14, (xv) 14-15, (xvi) 15-16, (xvii) 16-17, (xviii) 17-18, (xix) 18-19, (xx) 19-20, (xxi) 20-30 , (Xxii) 30-40, (xxiii) 40-50, (xxiv) 50-60, (xxv) 60-70, (xxvi) 70-80, (xxvii) 80-90, (xxviii) 90-100, (Xxx) 100 to 150, (xxx) 150 to 200, (xxx) 200 250, (xxxii) 250-300, (xxxiii) 300-350, (xxxiv) 350-400, (xxxv) 400-450, (xxxvi) 450-500, and (xxxvii)> 500 The mass spectrometer according to claim 37. The t ₂ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 37 or 38.   The first AC or RF voltage is (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50-100V peak-to-peak, (iii) 100-150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150-200V peak-to-peak, ( v) 200-250V peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, x) 450-500V peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, xxv) 700-750V peak toe (Xxvi) 750-800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak And (xxxi)> 1000V A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, having an amplitude selected from the group consisting of peak-to-peak.   The first AC or RF voltage is (i) <100 kHz, (ii) 100-200 kHz, (iii) 200-300 kHz, (iv) 300-400 kHz, (v) 400-500 kHz, (vi) 0.5 -1.0 MHz, (vii) 1.0-1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5-2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0-2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5-3.0 MHz, ( xi) 3.0 to 3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5 to 4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0 to 4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5 to 5.0 MHz, (xv) 5.0 to 5.5 MHz, (xvi) 5.5-6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0-6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5-7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0-7.5 MHz, (xx ) 7.5-8.0 MHz, (xxi) 8.0 8.5 MHz, (xxii) 8.5-9.0 MHz, (xxiii) 9.0-9.5 MHz, (xxiv) 9.5-10.0 MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0 MHz A mass analyzer according to any of the preceding claims, having a frequency that is measured.   The means for applying the first AC or RF voltage comprises applying the first AC or RF voltage to at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% of the plurality of electrodes. 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% to apply A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, wherein the mass analyzer is configured.   The means for applying the first AC or RF voltage is configured to provide opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage to axially adjacent electrodes or axially adjacent electrode groups. A mass analyzer according to any of the preceding claims.   The first axial time average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugated shape or well is in use at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of the axial length of the ion guide; A mass spectrometer according to any preceding claim, made along 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.   The plurality of first axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% of the central long axis of the ion guide. , 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% according to any of the preceding claims.   Any of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of first axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are created or provided in an upstream portion and / or an intermediate portion and / or a downstream portion of the ion guide. A mass spectrometer according to any one of the above.   The ion guide has a length L, and the plurality of first axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are (i) 0 to 0 along the length of the ion guide. .1L, (ii) 0.1-0.2L, (iii) 0.2-0.3L, (iv) 0.3-0.4L, (v) 0.4-0.5L, (vi) 0.5-0.6L, (vii) 0.6-0.7L, (viii) 0.7-0.8L, (ix) 0.8-0.9L, and (x) 0.9-1 A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, created or provided in one or more regions or positions having a displacement selected from the group consisting of 0.0L.   The plurality of first axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells extend at least r mm in a radial direction away from the central long axis of the ion guide, where r is (i) < 1, (ii) 1-2, (iii) 2-3, (iv) 3-4, (v) 4-5, (vi) 5-6, (vii) 6-7, (viii) 7-8 A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, selected from the group consisting of: (ix) 8-9, (x) 9-10, and (xi)> 10.   For ions whose mass to charge ratio is in the range of 1-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, 600-700, 700-800, 800-900 or 900-1000. At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% of the first axial time average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well, The amplitude, height or depth of 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% are (i) <0.1V, (ii) 0.1-0.2V, (iii) 0.2-0.3V. (Iv) 0.3 to 0.4 V, (v) 0.4 to 0.5 V, (vi) 0.5 to 0.6 V, (vii) 0.6 to 0.7 V, (viii) 0. 7 to 0.8 V, (ix) 0.8 to 0.9 V, (x) 0.9 to 1 0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2.5-3.0V, (xv) 3 0.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5.0V, (xix) 5.0-5.5V (Xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7.0-7.5V, (xxiv) 5-8.0V, (xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0V, And a mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, selected from the group consisting of: (xxix)> 10.0V.   In use, at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 first axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells per cm are axial directions of the ion guide. A mass analyzer as claimed in any preceding claim, provided or created along at least part of its length.   The plurality of first axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells have a minimum value corresponding to the axial position of the plurality of electrodes along the axial length of the ion guide. The mass spectrometer according to claim 1.   The plurality of first axial time-average or pseudo-potential barriers, corrugations or wells are substantially 50% of the axial distance or spacing between adjacent electrodes along the axial length of the ion guide. A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, having a local maximum located at a corresponding axial position.   The plurality of first axial time-average or pseudo-potential barriers, corrugations or wells are minimal and / or are substantially the same height, depth or amplitude for ions having a particular mass to charge ratio The preceding claim, wherein the minimum value and / or the maximum value have a period that is substantially the same as, or a multiple of, an axial displacement or spacing of the plurality of electrodes. A mass spectrometer according to any one of the above.   The mass analyzer may progressively increase, progressively decrease, progressively change, scan, linearly increase the amplitude of the first AC or RF voltage applied to the electrode. A third means configured and adapted to increase, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, further comprising: Whether the third means progressively increases, progressively reduces, gradually changes or scans the amplitude of the first AC or RF voltage over a period t ₃ by x ₃ volts. Configured and adapted to linearly increase, linearly decrease, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise, 55. A mass spectrometer as claimed in claim 54. The x ₃ is (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50-100V peak-to-peak, (iii) 100-150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150-200V peak-to-peak, (v) 200-250V Peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, (x) 450-500V Peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, (xxv) 700-750V Peak to peak, (xxvi) 75 ~ 800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak, and (xxxi) 56. The mass spectrometer of claim 55, selected from the group consisting of> 1000V peak to peak. The t ₃ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 55 or 56.   The mass analyzer may progressively increase, progressively decrease, progressively change, scan, linearly increase the frequency of the first AC or RF voltage applied to the electrode. A fourth means constructed and adapted to increase, linearly decrease, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, further comprising: The fourth means gradually increases, gradually decreases, or gradually changes the frequency of the first RF or AC voltage applied to the electrode by a period of t ₄ by x ₄ MHz. To scan, to increase linearly, to decrease linearly, to increase stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, or to decrease incrementally, incrementally, or otherwise 59. A mass analyzer according to claim 58, configured and adapted. The x ₄ is (i) <100 kHz, (ii) 100 to 200 kHz, (iii) 200 to 300 kHz, (iv) 300 to 400 kHz, (v) 400 to 500 kHz, (vi) 0.5 to 1.0 MHz, (Vii) 1.0 to 1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5 to 2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0 to 2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5 to 3.0 MHz, (xi) 3.0 -3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5-4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0-4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5-5.0 MHz, (xv) 5.0-5.5 MHz, ( xvi) 5.5-6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0-6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5-7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0-7.5 MHz, (xx) 7.5- 8.0 MHz, (xxi) 8.0-8.5 MHz, (x ii) selected from the group consisting of 8.5-9.0 MHz, (xxiii) 9.0-9.5 MHz, (xxiv) 9.5-10.0 MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0 MHz. 59. A mass spectrometer according to 59. The t ₄ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 59 or 60.   The second AC or RF voltage is (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50-100V peak-to-peak, (iii) 100-150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150-200V peak-to-peak, ( v) 200-250V peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, x) 450-500V peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, xxv) 700-750V peak toe (Xxvi) 750-800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak And (xxxi)> 1000V A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, having an amplitude selected from the group consisting of peak-to-peak.   The second AC or RF voltage is (i) <100 kHz, (ii) 100-200 kHz, (iii) 200-300 kHz, (iv) 300-400 kHz, (v) 400-500 kHz, (vi) 0.5 -1.0 MHz, (vii) 1.0-1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5-2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0-2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5-3.0 MHz, ( xi) 3.0 to 3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5 to 4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0 to 4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5 to 5.0 MHz, (xv) 5.0 to 5.5 MHz, (xvi) 5.5-6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0-6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5-7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0-7.5 MHz, (xx ) 7.5-8.0 MHz, (xxi) 8.0 8.5 MHz, (xxii) 8.5-9.0 MHz, (xxiii) 9.0-9.5 MHz, (xxiv) 9.5-10.0 MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0 MHz A mass analyzer according to any of the preceding claims, having a frequency that is measured.   The means for applying the second AC or RF voltage comprises applying the second AC or RF voltage to at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% of the plurality of electrodes. 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% and / or the plurality At least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, Of the preceding claim, configured to apply to 48, 49, 50 or> 50 The mass analyzer according to any misalignment.   The means for applying the second AC or RF voltage is configured to supply opposite phases of the second AC or RF voltage to axially adjacent electrodes or axially adjacent electrode groups. A mass analyzer according to any of the preceding claims.   The one or more second axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are in use at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% of the axial length of the ion guide. , 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% according to any of the preceding claims.   The one or more second axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of the central long axis of the ion guide, Mass spectrometer according to any of the preceding claims, made or provided along 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.   Any of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of second axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are created or provided in an upstream portion and / or an intermediate portion and / or a downstream portion of the ion guide. A mass spectrometer according to any one of the above.   The ion guide has a length L, and the plurality of second axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are (i) 0-0 along the length of the ion guide. .1L, (ii) 0.1-0.2L, (iii) 0.2-0.3L, (iv) 0.3-0.4L, (v) 0.4-0.5L, (vi) 0.5-0.6L, (vii) 0.6-0.7L, (viii) 0.7-0.8L, (ix) 0.8-0.9L, and (x) 0.9-1 A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, created or provided in one or more regions or positions having a displacement selected from the group consisting of 0.0L.   The one or more second axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells extend radially at least r mm away from the central long axis of the ion guide, where r is (i ) <1, (ii) 1-2, (iii) 2-3, (iv) 3-4, (v) 4-5, (vi) 5-6, (vii) 6-7, (viii) 7 A mass spectrometer according to any preceding claim, selected from the group consisting of -8, (ix) 8-9, (x) 9-10, and (xi)> 10.   For ions whose mass to charge ratio is in the range of 1-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, 600-700, 700-800, 800-900 or 900-1000. At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of the one or more second axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells , 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% amplitude, height or depth are (i) <0.1V, (ii) 0.1-0.2V, (iii) 0.2 ~ 0.3V, (iv) 0.3-0.4V, (v) 0.4-0.5V, (vi) 0.5-0.6V, (vii) 0.6-0.7V, ( viii) 0.7-0.8V, (ix) 0.8-0.9V, (x) .9 to 1.0 V, (xi) 1.0 to 1.5 V, (xii) 1.5 to 2.0 V, (xiii) 2.0 to 2.5 V, (xiv) 2.5 to 3.0 V (Xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5.0V, (xix) 5. 0 to 5.5 V, (xx) 5.5 to 6.0 V, (xxi) 6.0 to 6.5 V, (xxii) 6.5 to 7.0 V, (xxiii) 7.0 to 7.5 V, (Xxiv) 7.5-8.0V, (xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5V, (xxviii) 9.5 A mass spectrometer according to any preceding claim, selected from the group consisting of ~ 10.0V and (xxix)> 10.0V.   In use, at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 second axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells per cm are in the axial direction of the ion guide. A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, provided or created along a length.   The one or more second axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells have a local minimum corresponding to the axial position of the plurality of electrodes along the axial length of the ion guide. A mass analyzer according to any of the preceding claims.   The one or more second axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are substantially 50 axial distances or intervals between adjacent electrodes along the axial length of the ion guide. A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, having a local maximum located at an axial position corresponding to%.   The one or more second axial time-average or pseudo-potential barriers, corrugations or wells have local minimum values that are substantially the same height, depth, or amplitude for ions having a particular mass to charge ratio, and The preceding claim, wherein the minimum value and / or the maximum value have a period that is substantially the same as, or a multiple of, the axial displacement or spacing of the plurality of electrodes. The mass spectrometer according to any one of Items.   A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, wherein the second amplitude is less than or greater than the first amplitude.   The ratio of the second amplitude to the first amplitude is (i) <1, (ii)> 1, (iii) 1-2, (iv) 2-3, (v) 3-4, (vi ) 4-5, (vii) 5-6, (viii) 6-7, (ix) 7-8, (x) 8-9, (xi) 9-10, (xii) 10-11, (xiii) 11-12, (xiv) 12-13, (xv) 13-14, (xvi) 14-15, (xvii) 15-16, (xviii) 16-17, (xix) 17-18, (xx) 18 -19, (xxi) 19-20, (xxii) 20-25, (xxiii) 25-30, (xxiv) 30-35, (xxv) 35-40, (xxvi) 40-45, (xxvii) 45- 50, (xxviii) 50-60, (xxix) 60-70, (xxx) 70-80, ( xxi) 80~90, (xxxii) 90~100, and (xxxiii) is selected from the group consisting of> 100, the mass analyzer of claim 76.   The mass analyzer progressively increases, progressively reduces, or gradually changes the amplitude of the second AC or RF voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. Configured to scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise And the mass analyzer of any preceding claim, further comprising a fifth means adapted. Or said fifth means, or the amplitude of the second AC or RF voltage increases progressively over a period t ₅ only x ₅ volts, or progressively reduced, either gradually changed to scan Configured and adapted to linearly increase, linearly decrease, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise, 79. A mass spectrometer as claimed in claim 78. The x ₅ is (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50-100V peak-to-peak, (iii) 100-150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150-200V peak-to-peak, (v) 200-250V Peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, (x) 450-500V Peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, (xxv) 700-750V Peak to peak, (xxvi) 75 ~ 800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak, and (xxxi) 80. The mass analyzer of claim 79, selected from the group consisting of> 1000V peak to peak. The t ₅ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 79 or 80.   The mass analyzer progressively increases, progressively decreases, or gradually changes the frequency of the second RF or AC voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. Configured to scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise And a mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, further comprising sixth means adapted. The sixth means may gradually increase, gradually decrease, or gradually change the frequency of the second AC or RF voltage applied to the electrode over a period t ₆ by x ₆ MHz. To scan, to increase linearly, to decrease linearly, to increase stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, or to decrease incrementally, incrementally, or otherwise The mass analyzer of claim 82, configured and adapted. The x ₆ is (i) <100 kHz, (ii) 100 to 200 kHz, (iii) 200 to 300 kHz, (iv) 300 to 400 kHz, (v) 400 to 500 kHz, (vi) 0.5 to 1.0 MHz, (Vii) 1.0 to 1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5 to 2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0 to 2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5 to 3.0 MHz, (xi) 3.0 -3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5-4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0-4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5-5.0 MHz, (xv) 5.0-5.5 MHz, ( xvi) 5.5-6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0-6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5-7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0-7.5 MHz, (xx) 7.5- 8.0 MHz, (xxi) 8.0-8.5 MHz, (x ii) selected from the group consisting of 8.5-9.0 MHz, (xxiii) 9.0-9.5 MHz, (xxiv) 9.5-10.0 MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0 MHz. 83. A mass spectrometer according to 83. The t ₆ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 83 or 84.   The mass analyzer applies a first DC voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes and, in use, the one or more second axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, waveform shapes or A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, further comprising means for causing the well to include a DC axial potential barrier or well in combination with an axial time average or pseudopotential barrier or well.   The mass analyzer progressively increases, progressively reduces, or gradually changes the amplitude of the first DC voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes; Configure and adapt to scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise 87. The mass analyzer of claim 86, further comprising: The seventh means may progressively increase, progressively decrease, progressively change, scan, or linearly increase the amplitude of the first DC voltage by x ₇ volts over a period t _7. Configured and adapted to increase stepwise, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise 87. Mass spectrometer according to 87. X ₇ is (i) <0.1V, (ii) 0.1-0.2V, (iii) 0.2-0.3V, (iv) 0.3-0.4V, (v) 0 .4 to 0.5 V, (vi) 0.5 to 0.6 V, (vii) 0.6 to 0.7 V, (viii) 0.7 to 0.8 V, (ix) 0.8 to 0.9 V (X) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2. 5-3.0V, (xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5.0V, (Xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7.0 ~ 7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5-8.0 (Xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0V, and (xxix)> 90. The mass analyzer of claim 88, selected from the group consisting of 10.0V. The t ₇ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 88 or 89.   The mass analyzer applies a third AC or RF voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes and, in use, one or more third axial time averages having a third amplitude or A pseudopotential barrier, corrugated shape or well is created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, and the third amplitude is different from the first amplitude and / or the second amplitude. A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, further comprising means for:   The third AC or RF voltage is (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50-100V peak-to-peak, (iii) 100-150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150-200V peak-to-peak, ( v) 200-250V peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, x) 450-500V peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, xxv) 700-750V peak toe (Xxvi) 750-800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak 92. The mass analyzer of claim 91, having an amplitude selected from the group consisting of: and (xxxi)> 1000V peak-to-peak.   The third AC or RF voltage is (i) <100 kHz, (ii) 100-200 kHz, (iii) 200-300 kHz, (iv) 300-400 kHz, (v) 400-500 kHz, (vi) 0.5 -1.0 MHz, (vii) 1.0-1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5-2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0-2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5-3.0 MHz, ( xi) 3.0 to 3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5 to 4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0 to 4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5 to 5.0 MHz, (xv) 5.0 to 5.5 MHz, (xvi) 5.5-6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0-6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5-7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0-7.5 MHz, (xx ) 7.5-8.0 MHz, (xxi) 8.0 8.5 MHz, (xxii) 8.5-9.0 MHz, (xxiii) 9.0-9.5 MHz, (xxiv) 9.5-10.0 MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0 MHz 93. Mass spectrometer according to claim 91 or 92, having a frequency that is   The means for applying the third AC or RF voltage comprises applying the third AC or RF voltage to at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% of the plurality of electrodes. 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% to apply 94. A mass analyzer according to claim 91, 92 or 93 configured.   The means for applying the third AC or RF voltage is configured to supply opposite phases of the third AC or RF voltage to axially adjacent electrodes or axially adjacent electrode groups. The mass analyzer according to any one of claims 91 to 94.   The one or more third axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are in use at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% of the axial length of the ion guide. 96. A mass analyzer according to any of claims 91 to 95, made along the lines of: 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.   The one or more third axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of the central long axis of the ion guide, 99. A mass spectrometer according to any of claims 91 to 96, made or provided along 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.   92. The one or more third axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are created or provided in an upstream portion and / or an intermediate portion and / or a downstream portion of the ion guide. 97. The mass spectrometer according to any one of 97.   The ion guide has a length L, and the one or more third axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are (i) 0 along the length of the ion guide. ~ 0.1L, (ii) 0.1-0.2L, (iii) 0.2-0.3L, (iv) 0.3-0.4L, (v) 0.4-0.5L, ( vi) 0.5-0.6 L, (vii) 0.6-0.7 L, (viii) 0.7-0.8 L, (ix) 0.8-0.9 L, and (x) 0.9 99. A mass spectrometer as claimed in any of claims 91 to 98, created or provided in one or more regions or locations having a displacement selected from the group consisting of -1.0L.   The one or more third axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells extend radially at least r mm away from the central long axis of the ion guide, where r is (i ) <1, (ii) 1-2, (iii) 2-3, (iv) 3-4, (v) 4-5, (vi) 5-6, (vii) 6-7, (viii) 7 The mass spectrometer according to any of claims 91 to 99, selected from the group consisting of -8, (ix) 8-9, (x) 9-10, and (xi)> 10.   For ions whose mass to charge ratio is in the range of 1-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, 600-700, 700-800, 800-900 or 900-1000. At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% of the third axial time average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well, The amplitude, height or depth of 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% are (i) <0.1V, (ii) 0.1-0.2V, (iii) 0.2-0.3V. (Iv) 0.3 to 0.4 V, (v) 0.4 to 0.5 V, (vi) 0.5 to 0.6 V, (vii) 0.6 to 0.7 V, (viii) 0. 7 to 0.8 V, (ix) 0.8 to 0.9 V, (x) 0.9 to 1 0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2.5-3.0V, (xv) 3 0.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5.0V, (xix) 5.0-5.5V (Xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7.0-7.5V, (xxiv) 5-8.0V, (xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0V, 101. A mass spectrometer according to any of claims 91 to 100, selected from the group consisting of: and (xxix)> 10.0V.   In use, at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 third axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells per centimeter are in the axial direction of the ion guide. 102. Mass spectrometer according to any of claims 91 to 101, provided or created along a length.   The one or more third axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells have a local minimum corresponding to the axial position of the plurality of electrodes along the axial length of the ion guide. The mass spectrometer according to any one of claims 91 to 102.   The one or more third axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are substantially 50 of the axial distance or spacing between adjacent electrodes along the axial length of the ion guide. 104. Mass spectrometer according to any of claims 91 to 103, having a local maximum located at an axial position corresponding to%.   The one or more third axial time-average or pseudo-potential barriers, corrugations or wells have minimal values that are substantially the same height, depth, or amplitude for ions having a particular mass to charge ratio, and 92. having a local maximum and wherein said local minimum and / or local maximum have a period that is substantially the same as, or a multiple of, an axial displacement or spacing of said plurality of electrodes. The mass spectrometer in any one of -104.   The mass analyzer according to any one of claims 91 to 105, wherein the third amplitude is smaller or larger than the first amplitude and / or the second amplitude.   The ratio of the third amplitude to the first amplitude is (i) <1, (ii)> 1, (iii) 1-2, (iv) 2-3, (v) 3-4, (vi ) 4-5, (vii) 5-6, (viii) 6-7, (ix) 7-8, (x) 8-9, (xi) 9-10, (xii) 10-11, (xiii) 11-12, (xiv) 12-13, (xv) 13-14, (xvi) 14-15, (xvii) 15-16, (xviii) 16-17, (xix) 17-18, (xx) 18 -19, (xxi) 19-20, (xxii) 20-25, (xxiii) 25-30, (xxiv) 30-35, (xxv) 35-40, (xxvi) 40-45, (xxvii) 45- 50, (xxviii) 50-60, (xxix) 60-70, (xxx) 70-80, ( xxi) 80~90, (xxxii) 90~100, and (xxxiii)> 100 is selected from the group consisting of a mass analyzer according to any one of claims 91 to 106.   The ratio of the third amplitude to the second amplitude is (i) <1, (ii)> 1, (iii) 1-2, (iv) 2-3, (v) 3-4, (vi ) 4-5, (vii) 5-6, (viii) 6-7, (ix) 7-8, (x) 8-9, (xi) 9-10, (xii) 10-11, (xiii) 11-12, (xiv) 12-13, (xv) 13-14, (xvi) 14-15, (xvii) 15-16, (xviii) 16-17, (xix) 17-18, (xx) 18 -19, (xxi) 19-20, (xxii) 20-25, (xxiii) 25-30, (xxiv) 30-35, (xxv) 35-40, (xxvi) 40-45, (xxvii) 45- 50, (xxviii) 50-60, (xxix) 60-70, (xxx) 70-80, ( xxi) 80~90, (xxxii) 90~100, and (xxxiii)> 100 is selected from the group consisting of a mass analyzer according to any one of claims 91 to 107.   The mass analyzer progressively increases, progressively decreases, or gradually changes the amplitude of the third AC or RF voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. Configured to scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise 109. A mass analyzer according to any of claims 91 to 108, further comprising an eighth means adapted. Or said eighth means, either the amplitude of the third AC or RF voltage increases progressively over x ₈ volts only for the period t _8, or progressively reduced, either gradually changed to scan Configured and adapted to linearly increase, linearly decrease, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise, 110. A mass spectrometer as claimed in claim 109. The x ₈ is (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50-100V peak-to-peak, (iii) 100-150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150-200V peak-to-peak, (v) 200-250V Peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, (x) 450-500V Peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, (xxv) 700-750V Peak to peak, (xxvi) 75 ~ 800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak, and (xxxi) 111. The mass spectrometer of claim 110, selected from the group consisting of> 1000V peak to peak. The t ₈ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 110 or 111.   The mass analyzer progressively increases, progressively decreases, or gradually changes the frequency of the third RF or AC voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes. Configured to scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise 119. The mass analyzer of any of claims 91-112, further comprising and ninth means adapted. The ninth means progressively increases or gradually increases the frequency of the third RF or AC voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes over a period t ₉ by x ₉ MHz. Reduce, incrementally change, scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, stepwise, incrementally or 114. The mass analyzer of claim 113, configured and adapted to reduce otherwise. The x ₉ is (i) <100 kHz, (ii) 100 to 200 kHz, (iii) 200 to 300 kHz, (iv) 300 to 400 kHz, (v) 400 to 500 kHz, (vi) 0.5 to 1.0 MHz, (Vii) 1.0 to 1.5 MHz, (viii) 1.5 to 2.0 MHz, (ix) 2.0 to 2.5 MHz, (x) 2.5 to 3.0 MHz, (xi) 3.0 -3.5 MHz, (xii) 3.5-4.0 MHz, (xiii) 4.0-4.5 MHz, (xiv) 4.5-5.0 MHz, (xv) 5.0-5.5 MHz, ( xvi) 5.5-6.0 MHz, (xvii) 6.0-6.5 MHz, (xviii) 6.5-7.0 MHz, (xix) 7.0-7.5 MHz, (xx) 7.5- 8.0 MHz, (xxi) 8.0-8.5 MHz, (x ii) selected from the group consisting of 8.5-9.0 MHz, (xxiii) 9.0-9.5 MHz, (xxiv) 9.5-10.0 MHz, and (xxv)> 10.0 MHz. 114. The mass spectrometer according to 114. The t ₉ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 114 or 115.   The mass analyzer applies a second DC voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes and, in use, the one or more third axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, waveform shapes or 119. The mass analyzer of any of claims 91-116, further comprising means for causing the well to include a DC axial potential barrier or well in combination with an axial time average or pseudopotential barrier or well.   The mass analyzer progressively increases, gradually decreases, or gradually changes the amplitude of the second DC voltage applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes; Configure and adapt to scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, progressively or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise 118. The mass analyzer of claim 117, further comprising tenth means. The tenth means, the or the amplitude of the second DC voltage increases progressively over a period t ₁₀ only x ₁₀ volts, or progressively reduced, either gradually changed, or scan, linear Configured and adapted to increase stepwise, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, incrementally, or otherwise 118. A mass spectrometer according to 118. The x ₁₀ is (i) <0.1 V, (ii) 0.1-0.2 V, (iii) 0.2-0.3 V, (iv) 0.3-0.4 V, (v) 0 .4 to 0.5 V, (vi) 0.5 to 0.6 V, (vii) 0.6 to 0.7 V, (viii) 0.7 to 0.8 V, (ix) 0.8 to 0.9 V (X) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2. 5-3.0V, (xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5.0V, (Xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7.0 ~ 7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5-8.0 (Xxv) 8.0-8.5V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0V, and (xxix)> 120. The mass spectrometer of claim 119, selected from the group consisting of 10.0V. The t ₁₀ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 119 or 120.   The mass analyzer progressively increases the amplitude of a DC voltage or potential applied to at least some of the electrodes of the ion guide and acting to confine ions radially within the ion guide. Or progressively decreasing, incrementally changing, scanning, linearly increasing, linearly decreasing, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise, or phased A mass analyzer as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising eleventh means constructed and adapted to reduce, gradual or otherwise reduce. Means of the eleventh or the progressively increasing the DC voltage or amplitude of the potential applied to at least some of the electrodes over x ₁₁ volts only for the period t _11, or progressively reduced progressively To change, scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise The mass analyzer of claim 122, configured and adapted to. Wherein x ₁₁ is, (i) <0.1V, ( ii) 0.1~0.2V, (iii) 0.2~0.3V, (iv) 0.3~0.4V, (v) 0 .4 to 0.5 V, (vi) 0.5 to 0.6 V, (vii) 0.6 to 0.7 V, (viii) 0.7 to 0.8 V, (ix) 0.8 to 0.9 V (X) 0.9-1.0V, (xi) 1.0-1.5V, (xii) 1.5-2.0V, (xiii) 2.0-2.5V, (xiv) 2. 5-3.0V, (xv) 3.0-3.5V, (xvi) 3.5-4.0V, (xvii) 4.0-4.5V, (xviii) 4.5-5.0V, (Xix) 5.0-5.5V, (xx) 5.5-6.0V, (xxi) 6.0-6.5V, (xxii) 6.5-7.0V, (xxiii) 7.0 ~ 7.5V, (xxiv) 7.5-8.0 (Xxv) 8.0-8.5 V, (xxvi) 8.5-9.0 V, (xxvii) 9.0-9.5 V, (xxviii) 9.5-10.0 V, and (xxix)> 124. The mass analyzer of claim 123, selected from the group consisting of 10.0V. The t ₁₁ is (i) <lms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 123 or 124. In one mode of operation, the mass analyzer moves the ion guide to (i) <1.0 × 10 ⁻¹ mbar, (ii) <1.0 × 10 ⁻² mbar, (iii) <1.0 × 10. A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, further comprising means for maintaining a pressure selected from the group consisting of ^-3 mbar, and (iv) <1.0 x ^10-4 mbar. In one mode of operation, the mass analyzer moves the ion guide to (i)> 1.0 × 10 ⁻³ mbar, (ii)> 1.0 × 10 ⁻² mbar, (iii)> 1.0 × 10 ⁻¹ mbar, (iv)> 1 mbar, (v)> 10 mbar, (vi)> 100 mbar, (vii)> 5.0 × 10 ⁻³ mbar, (viii)> 5.0 × 10 ⁻² mbar, (ix Further means for maintaining a pressure selected from the group consisting of: 10 ⁻⁴ to 10 ⁻³ mbar, (x) 10 ⁻³ to 10 ⁻² mbar, and (xi) 10 ⁻² to 10 ⁻¹ mbar. A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, comprising.   The mass analyzer progressively increases, progressively decreases, progressively changes, scans, increases linearly or decreases linearly the gas flow through the ion guide. Any of the preceding claims further comprising means adapted and adapted to increase, stepwise, gradual or otherwise, or to decrease stepwise, gradual or otherwise The mass spectrometer described.   A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, configured in one mode of operation such that ions are trapped in the ion guide but are not substantially fragmented.   A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, wherein the mass analyzer further comprises means for cooling or substantially heating the ions in the ion guide by impact.   The mass analyzer of any preceding claim, wherein the mass analyzer further comprises means for substantially fragmenting ions in the ion guide in one mode of operation.   The mass analyzer further includes one or more electrodes disposed at the inlet and / or outlet of the ion guide, and in one mode of operation, the one or more electrodes pulse ions into the ion guide. A mass analyzer according to any preceding claim, configured to output from and / or output therefrom.   A mass spectrometer comprising the mass analyzer according to any of the preceding claims.   The mass spectrometer comprises (i) an electrospray ionization (“ESI”) ion source, (ii) atmospheric pressure photoionization (“APPI”) ion source, (iii) atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (“APCI”) ion source, (Iv) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (“MALDI”) ion source, (v) laser desorption ionization (“LDI”) ion source, (vi) atmospheric pressure ionization (“API”) ion source, (vii) silicon Desorption ionization (“DIOS”) ion source, (viii) Electron impact (“EI”) ion source, (ix) Chemical ionization (“CI”) ion source, (x) Field ionization (“FI”) An ion source, (xi) a field desorption (“FD”) ion source, (xii) an inductively coupled plasma (“ICP”) ion source, (xiii) a fast atom bombardment (“FAB”) ion source, xiv) liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (“LSIMS”) ion source, (xv) desorption electrospray ionization (“DESI”) ion source, (xvi) nickel-63 radioactive ion source, and (xvii) thermospray ion source 134. The mass spectrometer of claim 133, further comprising an ion source selected from the group consisting of:   135. The mass spectrometer of claim 133 or 134, wherein the mass spectrometer further comprises a continuous or pulsed ion source.   138. A mass spectrometer as claimed in any of claims 133, 134 or 135, wherein the mass spectrometer further comprises one or more mass filters positioned upstream and / or downstream of the mass analyzer.   The one or more mass filters include (i) a quadrupole rod set mass filter, (ii) a time-of-flight mass filter or mass analyzer, (iii) a Wien filter, and (iv) a sector magnetic field mass filter or mass analyzer. 137. The mass spectrometer of claim 136, selected from the group consisting of:   138. The mass spectrometer of any of claims 133-137, wherein the mass spectrometer further includes one or more second ion guides or ion traps disposed upstream and / or downstream of the mass analyzer. . The one or more second ion guides or ion traps;
(I) a quadrupole rod set, a hexapole rod set, an octupole rod set or a multipole rod set comprising a rod set comprising more than 8 rods or a segmented multipole rod set ion guide or ion trap;
(Ii) In an ion tunnel or ion funnel ion guide or ion trap comprising a plurality of electrodes with openings or at least 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100 electrodes In use, ions are transported through the aperture and at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% of the electrodes. %, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% have openings of substantially the same size or area, or An ion tunnel or ion funnel ion guide or ion trap having openings that are progressively larger and / or smaller in size or area;
(Iii) a stack or array plane, plate or mesh electrode, wherein the stack or array plane, plate or mesh electrode is a plurality or at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 planes, plates or mesh electrodes, or at least 1% of said planes, plates or mesh electrodes, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% , 90%, 95% or 100% are generally placed in the plane in which ions travel in use, one stack or array plane, plate or mesh electrode, and And (iv) an ion trap or ion guide comprising a plurality of groups of electrodes arranged axially along the length of the ion trap or ion guide, each group of electrodes comprising: (a) a first And a second electrode and means for applying a DC voltage or potential to the first and second electrodes to confine ions in a first radial direction within the ion guide, and (b) a third and second A group of ion traps or ion guides comprising four electrodes and means for applying an AC or RF voltage to the third and fourth electrodes to confine ions in a second radial direction within the ion guide 138. A mass spectrometer according to claim 138, selected from:   The second ion guide or ion trap includes an ion tunnel or ion funnel ion guide or ion trap, and at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% of the electrodes. , 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% are (i) ≦ 1. 0 mm, (ii) ≦ 2.0 mm, (iii) ≦ 3.0 mm, (iv) ≦ 4.0 mm, (v) ≦ 5.0 mm, (vi) ≦ 6.0 mm, (vii) ≦ 7.0 mm, 140. 138 or 139 having an inner diameter or dimension selected from the group consisting of (viii) ≤ 8.0 mm, (ix) ≤ 9.0 mm, (x) ≤ 10.0 mm, and (xi)> 10.0 mm. The mass spectrometer described in 1.   The second ion guide or ion trap is configured to apply an AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes of the second ion guide or ion trap to radially confine ions within the second ion guide or ion trap. At least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% 140. The mass spectrometer of claim 138, 139 or 140, further comprising a fourth AC or RF voltage means configured and adapted to apply at 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% .   The second ion guide or ion trap receives a beam or group of ions from the mass analyzer and converts or splits the beam or group of ions to at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 separate packets of ions in the second ion guide or at any particular time The ions are confined and / or isolated in an ion trap, and the ions of each packet are confined and / or isolated separately in separate axial potential wells formed in the second ion guide or ion trap. 142. Mass spectrometer according to any of claims 138-141, configured and adapted as such.   The mass spectrometer, in one mode of operation, removes at least some ions at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% of the axial length of the second ion guide or ion trap. 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, or 143. A mass spectrometer according to any of claims 138-142, further comprising means configured and adapted to propel upstream and / or downstream along it.   The mass spectrometer has at least some ions at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% of the axial length of the second ion guide or ion trap. Propel downstream and / or upstream along%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% A transient configured and adapted to apply one or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms to the electrodes forming the second ion guide or ion trap 145. The mass spectrometer according to any of claims 138 to 143, further comprising a DC voltage means.   The mass spectrometer has at least some ions at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% of the axial length of the second ion guide or ion trap. Propel downstream and / or upstream along%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% 138, further comprising AC or RF voltage means configured and adapted to apply two or more phase shift AC or RF voltages to the electrodes forming the second ion guide or ion trap. The mass spectrometer in any one of -144.   In the mass spectrometer, at least a part of the second ion guide or ion trap is (i)> 0.0001 mbar, (ii)> 0.001 mbar, (iii)> 0.01 mbar, (iv)> 0. To maintain a pressure selected from the group consisting of 1 mbar, (v)> 1 mbar, (vi)> 10 mbar, (vii)> 1 mbar, (viii) 0.0001-100 mbar, and (ix) 0.001-10 mbar 146. The mass spectrometer according to any of claims 138-145, further comprising means configured and adapted to.   147. Mass spectrometer according to any of claims 133-146, wherein the mass spectrometer further comprises a collision, fragmentation or reaction device configured and adapted to fragment ions by collision-induced dissociation ("CID"). .   The mass spectrometer comprises (i) a surface induced dissociation (“SID”) fragmentation device, (ii) an electron transfer dissociation fragmentation device, (iii) an electron capture dissociation fragmentation device, (iv) an electron collision or impact dissociation fragmentation device, v) photoinduced dissociation (“PID”) fragmentation device, (vi) laser induced dissociation fragmentation device, (vii) infrared radiation induced dissociation device, (viii) ultraviolet radiation induced dissociation device, (ix) nozzle-skim interface fragmentation A device, (x) an in-source fragmentation device, (xi) an ion source collision induced dissociation fragmentation device, (xii) a thermal or temperature source fragmentation device, (xiii) Electric field induced fragmentation device, (xiv) magnetic field induced fragmentation device, (xv) enzymatic digestion or enzymatic fragmentation device, (xvi) ion-ion reaction fragmentation device, (xvii) ion-molecule reaction fragmentation device, (xviii) ion-atom Reaction fragmentation device, (xix) ion-metastable ion reaction fragmentation device, (xx) ion-metastable molecular reaction fragmentation device, (xxi) ion-metastable atomic reaction fragmentation device, (xxii) reacting addition or Ion-ion reaction device to form product ions, (xxiii) Add ions by reacting. Is an ion-molecule reaction device for forming product ions, an ion-atom reaction device for reacting (xxiv) ions to form addition or product ions, and (xxv) reacting addition or product ions by reacting ions. An ion-metastable ion reaction device for forming, (xxvi) an ion-metastable molecular reaction device for reacting ions to form an addition or product ion, and (xxvii) an ion reacting addition or product ion 148. The mass spectrometer of any of claims 133-147, further comprising a collision, fragmentation or reaction device selected from the group consisting of ion-metastable atomic reaction devices to form.   Whether the mass spectrometer progressively increases or decreases the potential difference between the mass analyzer and the collision, fragmentation or reaction cell during or over the mass analyzer cycle time Incrementally changing, scanning, linearly increasing, linearly decreasing, incrementally, incrementally or otherwise, incrementally, incrementally, or otherwise 149. The mass spectrometer of claim 147 or 148, further comprising means configured or adapted to reduce at   150. A mass spectrometer as claimed in any of claims 133 to 149, further comprising a further mass analyzer disposed upstream and / or downstream of the mass analyzer.   The additional mass analyzers include: (i) a Fourier transform (“FT”) mass analyzer, (ii) a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (“FTICR”) mass analyzer, and (iii) a time of flight (“TOF”) mass spectrometer. (Iv) orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight ("oaTOF") mass analyzer, (v) axial acceleration time-of-flight mass analyzer, (vi) sector magnetic mass spectrometer, (vii) pole or 3D quadrupole mass spectrometry (Viii) 2D or linear quadrupole mass analyzer, (ix) Penning trap mass analyzer, (x) ion trap mass analyzer, (xi) Fourier transform orbitrap, (xii) electrostatic ion cyclotron resonance mass Selected from the group consisting of an analyzer, (xiii) an electrostatic Fourier transform mass spectrometer, and (xiv) a quadrupole rod set mass filter or mass analyzer The mass spectrometer according to claim 150.   The mass spectrometer progressively increases or progressively increases the mass-to-charge ratio transfer window of the further analyzer in synchronism with the operation of the mass analyzer during or over the cycle time of the mass analyzer. Reduce, incrementally change, scan, increase linearly, decrease linearly, increase stepwise, incrementally or otherwise, stepwise, incrementally or 152. A mass spectrometer as claimed in claim 150 or 151, further comprising means configured or adapted to otherwise reduce. A method for mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide including a plurality of electrodes;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes such that a plurality of first axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are axial lengths of the ion guide. To be created along at least a portion of
Driving or propelling ions along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, and applying a second AC or RF voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes, Allowing a second axial time average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, wherein the second amplitude is: Different from the first amplitude. A mass analyzer,
An ion guide comprising a plurality of electrodes having openings, wherein ions are transported through said openings in use;
Means for applying a first AC or RF voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes to confine ions radially within the ion guide;
A second, different AC or RF voltage is applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes, and in use, one or more axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are in the axis of the ion guide. Means for generating along at least a portion of the directional length. A method for mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide comprising a plurality of electrodes having openings, wherein ions are transported through the openings;
Applying a first AC or RF voltage to one or more of the plurality of electrodes to confine ions radially within the ion guide;
A second different AC or RF voltage is applied to one or more of the plurality of electrodes such that one or more axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells are axial lengths of the ion guide. Creating along at least a portion of. A mass analyzer,
An ion guide comprising a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes comprising an electrode having an opening, wherein ions are transported through the opening in use;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes, such that opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage are applied to an axially adjacent group of electrodes. A plurality of first axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells having a first amplitude in at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide in use. Created along with the means,
One or more second axial times having a second amplitude in use by inverting the polarity of the first AC or RF voltage applied to one or more axially adjacent groups of electrodes. Means for causing an average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, wherein the second amplitude is the first amplitude A mass analyzer comprising means different from the amplitude.   156. The mass spectrometer of claim 156, wherein each electrode group includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or> 10 electrodes. A method for mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide including a plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of electrodes includes an electrode having an opening, and ions are transported through the opening;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes, such that opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage are applied to an axially adjacent group of electrodes. A plurality of first axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells having a first amplitude are created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide. , Steps and
Reversing the polarity of the first AC or RF voltage applied to one or more axially adjacent groups of electrodes to produce one or more second axial time averages or pseudo-values having a second amplitude. Causing a potential barrier, corrugation or well to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, wherein the second amplitude is different from the first amplitude; And a method comprising. A mass analyzer,
An ion guide comprising a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes comprising an electrode having an opening, wherein ions are transported through the opening in use;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes, and the first AC or RF voltage is opposite to each other in an axially adjacent electrode or an axially adjacent group of electrodes. A plurality of first axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells having a first amplitude in use in the axial direction of the ion guide. Means created along at least part of the length;
One or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms are applied to the plurality of electrodes to drive or propel ions along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide. Means for
The polarity of the first AC or RF voltage applied to a pair of axially adjacent electrodes or a pair of axially adjacent groups of electrodes is inverted to have a second amplitude in use. Means for causing two or more second axial time-average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide; And the first amplitude is different from the first amplitude to progressively reduce the amplitude of the means and the one or more second axial time averages or pseudopotential barriers, waveform shapes or wells. A mass analyzer comprising means for reducing the amplitude of the AC or RF voltage linearly, stepwise or otherwise progressively. The means for progressively reducing the amplitude of the first AC or RF voltage is configured to progressively reduce the amplitude of the first AC or RF voltage over a period t ₁₂ by x ₁₂ volts. 159. A mass spectrometer according to claim 159. Wherein x ₁₂ is, (i) <50V peak-to-peak, (ii) 50 to 100 peak-to-peak, (iii) 100~150V peak-to-peak, (iv) 150~200V peak-to-peak, (v) 200~250V Peak-to-peak, (vi) 250-300V peak-to-peak, (vii) 300-350V peak-to-peak, (viii) 350-400V peak-to-peak, (ix) 400-450V peak-to-peak, (x) 450-500V Peak-to-peak, (xi) 500-550V peak-to-peak, (xxii) 550-600V peak-to-peak, (xxiii) 600-650V peak-to-peak, (xxiv) 650-700V peak-to-peak, (xxv) 700-750V Peak to peak, (xxvi) 75 ~ 800V peak-to-peak, (xxvii) 800-850V peak-to-peak, (xxviii) 850-900V peak-to-peak, (xxix) 900-950V peak-to-peak, (xxx) 950-1000V peak-to-peak, and (xxxi) 165. The mass analyzer of claim 160, selected from the group consisting of> 1000V peak to peak. The t ₁₂ is (i) <1 ms, (ii) 1-10 ms, (iii) 10-20 ms, (iv) 20-30 ms, (v) 30-40 ms, (vi) 40-50 ms, (vii) 50 -60 ms, (viii) 60-70 ms, (ix) 70-80 ms, (x) 80-90 ms, (xi) 90-100 ms, (xii) 100-200 ms, (xiii) 200-300 ms, (xiv) 300- 400 ms, (xv) 400-500 ms, (xvi) 500-600 ms, (xvii) 600-700 ms, (xviii) 700-800 ms, (xix) 800-900 ms, (Xx) 900-1000 ms, (xxi) 1-2 s , (Xxii) 2-3 s, (xxiii) 3-4 s, (xxiv) 4-5 s, and (xxv)> 5 s It is selected from the mass analyzer of claim 160 or 161. A method for mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide including a plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of electrodes includes an electrode having an opening, and ions are transported through the opening;
A first AC or RF voltage is applied to at least some of the plurality of electrodes, and the first AC or RF voltage is opposite to each other in an axially adjacent electrode or an axially adjacent group of electrodes. A plurality of first axial time-average or pseudo-potential barriers, corrugations or wells having a first amplitude are at least one of the axial lengths of the ion guides. A step created along the section,
One or more transient DC voltages or potentials or one or more transient DC voltages or potential waveforms are applied to the plurality of electrodes to drive or propel ions along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide. And steps to
One or more having a second amplitude by inverting the polarity of the first AC or RF voltage applied to a pair of axially adjacent electrodes or a pair of axially adjacent groups of electrodes Causing a second axial time average or pseudopotential barrier, corrugation or well to be created along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide, wherein the second amplitude is: Steps different from the first amplitude and the first AC or RF voltage to progressively reduce the amplitude of the one or more second axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, waveform shapes or wells. Reducing the amplitude of the linearly, stepwise, or otherwise incrementally. An ion guide or mass analyzer,
A plurality of electrodes;
Means for applying a first AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes such that at least some of the electrodes are maintained in opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage in use. When,
In use, change or switch the phase difference or polarity of one or more electrodes to create an axial time average or pseudopotential barrier along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer An ion guide or mass analyzer, including means for changing or scanning.   The means for changing, switching or changing the phase difference or polarity of the one or more electrodes is configured to change, switch, change or scan the phase difference or polarity by θ °, where θ is (I) <10, (ii) 10-20, (iii) 20-30, (iv) 30-40, (v) 40-50, (vi) 50-60, (vii) 60-70, (viii) ) 70-80, (ix) 80-90, (x) 90, (xi) 90-100, (xii) 100-110, (xiii) 110-120, (xiv) 120-130, (xv) 130- 166. The method of claim 164, selected from the group consisting of 140, (xvi) 140-150, (xvii) 150-160, (xviii) 160-170, (xix) 170-180, and (xx) 180. Ion guide or mass analyzer. A method for guiding or mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide or mass analyzer comprising a plurality of electrodes;
Applying a first AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes such that at least some of the electrodes are maintained in opposite phases of the first AC or RF voltage;
Change, switch, change or change the phase difference or polarity of one or more electrodes to create an axial time average or pseudopotential barrier along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer. And a step of scanning.   Changing, switching, or changing the phase difference or polarity of the one or more electrodes includes changing, switching, changing, or scanning the phase difference or polarity by θ °, where θ is (i) <10, (ii) 10-20, (iii) 20-30, (iv) 30-40, (v) 40-50, (vi) 50-60, (vii) 60-70, (viii) 70- 80, (ix) 80-90, (x) 90, (xi) 90-100, (xii) 100-110, (xiii) 110-120, (xiv) 120-130, (xv) 130-140, 166. The method of claim 166, selected from the group consisting of xvi) 140-150, (xvii) 150-160, (xviii) 160-170, (xix) 170-180, and (xx) 180. Law. An ion guide or mass analyzer,
A plurality of electrodes;
means for applying an n-phase AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes, wherein the n ≧ 2.
Means for maintaining a first phase relationship or a first aspect ratio between or at the plurality of electrodes;
In use, in order to create one or more axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer, Varying the phase relationship or aspect ratio between, there or their subsets to maintain a second, different phase relationship or second aspect ratio between, or between the electrode subsets An ion guide or a mass analyzer.   N is (i) 2, (ii) 3, (iii) 4, (iv) 5, (v) 6, (vi) 7, (vii) 8, (viii) 9, (ix) 10, and 169. The ion guide or mass analyzer of claim 168, selected from the group consisting of (x)> 10.   The first phase relationship or first aspect ratio has a first period, pattern, sequence or value, and the second phase relationship or second aspect ratio has a second different period, pattern 170. The ion guide or mass analyzer of claim 168 or 169, having a sequence or value. A method for guiding or mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide or mass analyzer comprising a plurality of electrodes;
applying an n-phase AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes, wherein n ≧ 2.
Maintaining a first phase relationship or a first aspect ratio between or at the plurality of electrodes;
Between the subsets of the plurality of electrodes to create one or more axial time-averaged or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer Changing the phase relationship or aspect ratio thereof, or so that the second different phase relationship or second aspect ratio there between or between the electrode subsets is maintained. And a method comprising: An ion guide or mass analyzer,
A plurality of electrodes;
means for applying an n-phase AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes, wherein the n ≧ 2.
In use, in order to create one or more axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer, Means for scanning the phase or aspect ratio of one or more of the electrodes. A method for guiding or mass spectrometry of ions comprising:
Providing an ion guide or mass analyzer comprising a plurality of electrodes;
applying an n-phase AC or RF voltage to the plurality of electrodes, wherein n ≧ 2.
In use, in order to create one or more axial time average or pseudopotential barriers, corrugations or wells along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or mass analyzer, Scanning the phase or aspect ratio of one or more of the electrodes.

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