JP2009527472A - 細胞特異性を有する三区画ポリマーナノ粒子を使用した多モード撮像法概要 - Google Patents
細胞特異性を有する三区画ポリマーナノ粒子を使用した多モード撮像法概要 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009527472A JP2009527472A JP2008554703A JP2008554703A JP2009527472A JP 2009527472 A JP2009527472 A JP 2009527472A JP 2008554703 A JP2008554703 A JP 2008554703A JP 2008554703 A JP2008554703 A JP 2008554703A JP 2009527472 A JP2009527472 A JP 2009527472A
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Abstract
Description
de Vries I J M et a/. C G 2005 Nat Biotechnol. 23, 1407-13 Rockall A G etal. 2005 J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 2813-21 Cyrus T, Winter P M, Caruthers S D, Wickline S A and Lanza G 2005 Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Then 3, 705-15 Fahmy T M, Fong P M, Goyal A and Saltzman W M 2005 Mat Todays, 18-26 Merisko-[upsilon]versidge E, Liversidge G G and Cooper E R 2003 Eur. J. Pharm. SC/. 18, 113-20 Sun X, Rossin R, Turner J L, Becker M L1 Joralemon M J1 Welch M J and Wooley K L 2005 Biomacromolecules 6, 2541-54 Zheng G, Chen J1 U H and Glickson J D 2005 Proc. NaU. Acad. Sc/. USA 102, 17757-62 Panyam J and Labhasetwar V 2004 Curr. Drug DeIn/.1, 23547 Weissleder R, Kelly K, Sun E Y, Shtatland T and Josephson L 2005 Nat Biotechnol. 23, 1418-23 She[pi]oy D, Little S, Langer R and Amiji M 2005 Pharm. Res. 12, 2107-14 Bibby D C, Talmadge JE, Dalai M K, Kurz S G, Chytil K M, Barry S E, Shand D G and Steiert M 2005 tot J. Pharm.293, 281-90 J Maecke H R, Hofr[pi]ann M and Haberkom U 2005 J. Nucl. Med. 46, 172S-8S Rossin R, Pan D, Qi K, Turner J L. Sun X1 Wooley K L and Welch M J 2005 J. Nucl. Med.46, 1210-8 Jennewein M etal. 2005 Appl. Radiat. lsot 63, 343-51 Turner J L, Pan D, Plummer R1 Chen Z, Whittaker A K and Wooley K L 2005 Adv. Funct. Mat. 15, 1248-54 Vuu K, Xie J, McDonald M A, Bernardo M, Hunter F1 Zhang Y, Li K, Bednarski M and Guccione S 2005 Bbconj[upsilon]g. Chem. 16.995-9 Hartig W1 Paulke B R and Bruckner G 1992 Acta. Histochem. 42, 261-5 Hartig W1 Paulke B R and Bruckner G 1992 J. Himfbrsch. 33, 147-18 Hartig W, Paulke B R and Bruckner G 1992 Acta Pdym.43, 288-91 Wang R, Schmiedel H and Paulke R B 2004 Colloid Polym. Sd.283, 91-7 Paulke B R, Moglich P M, Knippel E, Budde A, NHzsche R and M[upsilon]ller R H 1995 Langmuir 11.70-4 Gouin S and Winnik F M 2001 Bioconjugate Chem. 12, 372-7 Swan J S, Carroll T J, Kennell T W, Heisey D M, Korosec F R, Frayne R, Mistretta C A and Grist T M 2002 Radiology 225, 43-52 Breeman W A, de Jong M, de Blois E, Bernard B F1 Konijnenberg M and Krenning E P 2005 Eur. J. Nucl. Med. MoI. Imaging 32, 478-65 Setser R M, O'Donnell T P, Smedira N G, Sabik J F, Halliburton S S, Stillman A E and White R D 2005 Radiology 227, 465-73 Schlosser T, Hunold P, Herbom C U1 Lehmkuhl H, LJnd A, Massing S and Barkhausen J 2005 Radiology 236, 1041-6 Parac-Vogt T N1 Kimpe K, Laurent S, Pierart C, Elst L V, Muller R N and Binnemans K 2004 Eur. J. Inorg- Chem. 17, 353843 LaVan D A, McGuire T and Langer R 2003 Nat Biotechnol. 21 , 1184-91 Huang M, Wu W, Qian J, Wan D J, Wie X L and Zhu J H 2005 Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 26, 1512-8 Gref R, Luck M, Quellec P, Marchand M, Dellacherie E, Hamisch S, Blunk T and Muller R H 2000 Colbids Surf. B. Biointerfaces 18, 301-13 Sun Y, Anderson C J, Pajeau T S, Reichert D E, Hancock R D1 Motekaitis R J, Martell A E and Welch M J 1996 J. Med. Chem. 39, 458-70 Harris W H, Chen Y and Wein K 1994 inorg. Chem. 33, 4991 -8 Degani H, Gusis V, Weinstein D, Reids S and Strano S 1997 Nat. Med. 3, 780-2 Lewin M, Carlesso N, Tung C H, Tang X W, Cory D, Scadden D T and Weissleder R 2000 Nat Biotechnol. 18,410-4 Moore A, Marecos E, Jr A Bogdanov and Weissleder R 2000 Radiology 214, 568-74 Huh Y M era/. 2005 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 12387-91 Morawski A M, Winter P M, Crowder K C, Caruthers S D, Fuhrhop R W, Scott M J, Robertson J D1 Abendschein D R, Lanza G M and Wickline S A 2004 Magn. Reson. Med. 51 , 480-6 Gupta A K and Gupta M 2005 Biomaterials 26, 3995-4021 Feng S S 2004 Expert Rev. Med. Devices 1 , 115-25 Yamamuro T , Nakamura T, lida H, Kawanabe K1 Matsuda Y1 ldo K, Tamura J and Senaha Y 1998 Biomaterials 19, 1479-82 Zurkova E, Bouchal K, Zdenkova D, Pelzbauer Z and Svec F 1983 J. Polym. Sd: Polym. Chem. Ed. 21, 2949-60 White J G 2005 Platelets 16, 121-31 Svenson S and Tomalia D A 2005 Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 57, 2106-2129 Yordanov A T, Kobayashi, H, English S J, Reijnders K1 Milenic D, Krishna M C, Mitchell J B and Brechbiel M W 2003 J. Mat Chem. 13, 1523-1525 Yordanov A T1 Ladder A L, Woller E K, Cloninger M J, Patronas N1 Milenic D, Brechbiel M W 2002 Nano Letters 2, 595-599 Ishizu K 1998 Progress in Polymer Science, Vol.23, pp. 1383-1408 Reynolds C H etal.2000 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 8940-8945;
本発明は、画像向上特性および細胞特異性を有する特別に設計されたポリマーナノ粒子に関する。ポリマー粒子のこれら2つの基本的な機能的特性は、ポリマー粒子が成長して三区画(コア‐シェル‐コロナ)構造を構築しているときにモノマー付加が制御されることにより、可能となる。粒子の外層であるコロナは例えば、CD42a陽性細胞(血小板)あるいはCD14陽性細胞(単球)に結合するように設計されている。中間にある毛状シェルおよび内層の硬質コアは、以下の示差異的局在化を示す適切な画像促進化合物を含み、多モード撮像手段を可能にする:フルオロフォアおよび酸化鉄結晶は硬質コアに位置し;ガドリニウム誘導体、ヨウ素塩および放射性同位体は毛状シェルに位置する。したがって得られたポリマーナノ粒子は、磁気共鳴撮像法(MRI)または磁性粒子撮像法、X線撮像法、陽電子放出断層撮影法(PET)、ガンマシンチグラフィー、光学的撮像技術、蛍光活性化細胞同定および/または分類手段などの撮像手段に、もしくは撮像技術の組み合わせを使用する多モード手段に、使用してよい。新たな三区画ポリマーナノ粒子により、生物学的に活性な物質を添加せずに、細胞段階でのさらに進歩した診断方法および標的療法が可能となる。
(i) ガドリニウムなどの常磁性金属イオン、
(ii) ポリヨウ化または臭素化分子またはポリマー鎖などの不透明物質、または硫酸バリウムまたは他の金属などの無機物質および/または
(iii)68ガリウムまたは111インジウムなどの重金属同位体。
‐一般的考えからの脱却
‐問題の新たな認知
‐長年にわたる必要性および要求に対する満足感
‐これまで専門家の努力すべてが無駄になっていること
‐特に、より複雑な学説と置き換わることから発明の作用を証明する解決策の簡易性
‐科学的技術の開発が別の指示に従ったこと
‐成果は開発を進歩させること
‐一致した問題(損害)の解決に関する専門家らの誤認
‐改善、高性能化、価格の低減、得がたい時間、材料、工程、費用または資源の節約、信頼性の回復、欠陥の修正、品質の改善、整備の不要、高効率化、収率の改善、技術的可能性の拡大、他の生成物の提供、予備策の開設、新たな分野の開設、作業の第一解決策、予備生成物、代替物、合理化の可能性、自動化あるいは小型化、または医療基金の充実などの技術的向上
‐特定の選択;多数の可能性の中から、結果が予測不能なある可能性が選択されたことから、その選択は特許性としては幸運な選択であること
‐引用文献の誤り
‐技術分野の未熟さ
‐複合的発明;多数の既知の要素と驚くべき効果との組み合わせ
‐ライセンス供与
‐専門家の賛同
‐商業的成功、および
‐相乗効果。
対する量が1%(w/w)未満であるGdを使用し、これに対して遊離Gdを検出しなかった。よって標識化反応にしたがって精製工程を省略した。
PETおよびガンマシンチグラフィーによる体内分布:最初に、静脈内注射したウィスターラットで、68Ga標識およびPET撮像法により標識化ポリマーナノ粒子の体内分布を調査した。解剖学的局在化をより正確にするため、骨格および代謝活性的な器官も、特異性PETトレーサーとしてそれぞれ18F‐フッ化物および18FDGを使用した個々の実験で画像化した。これらの実験では、18FDGを使用し、眼、心臓および腎臓を視覚化した。Amira(商標)ソフトウエアを使用して異なるイメージデータの同時視覚化を可能にした。図2(a)から分かるように、68Gaは心臓に局在化し、また、肝臓に割り当てられ得る大きい区画にも局在化する。脾臓に代表されるように、小さい構造も確認可能である。興味深いことに、腎臓ではシグナルは検出されず、これはトレーサーの腎排泄を検出できなかったことを示唆する。可溶トレーサーのかなりの部分は、腎臓系を経て即時に血流から排泄されるため[31、32]、本発明者らは、腎臓および膀胱におけるシグナル非検出から、1時間という観察時間の間にトレーサーがナノ粒子と強く会合するという仮説を立てた。注射から1時間後に、68Gaの半減期が短いことから(t1/2=68分、図示せず)、PETでは全体的に弱いシグナルを有する明確な類似の器官分布パターンが見られた。
Claims (17)
- 生体適合性コロナを有し、平均径が20nm〜900nmである三区画(コア‐シェル‐コロナ)ポリマー粒子。
- 前記コロナが水溶性ポリマーから成り、結果的に生理環境下でコロイドが安定する請求項1に記載のポリマー粒子。
- 該コロナの側鎖が化学活性化を介して架橋し得る請求項1〜2に記載のポリマー粒子。
- 前記コロナが細胞または細胞成分、特に末梢血液細胞の表面に対して特異的親和性を持つ構造を集合させる請求項1〜3に記載のポリマー粒子。
- 前記シェルが、以下に結合する高密度カルボキシル基を持つ毛状構造を有する請求項1〜4記載のポリマー粒子:
(i) ガドリニウムなどの常磁性金属イオン、
(ii) ポリヨウ化または臭素化分子またはポリマー鎖などの不透明物質、または硫酸バリウムまたは他の金属などの無機物質および/または
(iii)68ガリウムまたは111インジウムなどの重金属同位体。 - 該シェルを形成するモノマーまたは要素がカルボキシル基および/またはヒドロキシル基を含む請求項1〜5に記載のポリマー粒子。
- 前記コアが物理的封入または化学結合または染料、蛍光染料両方の使用、または多結晶性磁性酸化鉄を介して標識可能であり、これらのポリマー粒子を光学撮像法、蛍光活性化細胞同定および/または分類、磁気共鳴ならびに/もしくは粒子画像化に適合させる、請求項1〜6に記載のポリマー粒子。
- 前記コアが、以下のみから成る群より選択される少なくとも1つの化合物を有するホモポリマーまたはコポリマーから形成されたポリマーを含む請求項1〜7に記載のポリマー粒子:アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、メタクリル酸メチル、2,3‐エポキシプロピルメタクリレート、スチレン、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸2‐エチルヘキシル、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル、メタクリル酸tert‐ブチルアミノエチル、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピルおよび/または酢酸ビニル。
- 前記ホモまたはコポリマーが、以下のみから成る群より選択される化合物を使用して架橋している請求項8のポリマー粒子:メタクリル酸アリル(ALMA)、ジメタクリル酸エチレングリコール(EGDMA)、トリメタクリル酸トリメチロールプロパン(TMPTMA)、ジビニルベンゼン(DVB)、メタクリル酸グリシジル、2,2‐ジメチルプロパン1,3ジアクリレート、1,3‐ブチレングリコールジアクリレート、1,3‐ブチレングリコールジメタクリレート、1,4‐ブタンジオールジアクリレート、ジアクリル酸ジエチレングリコール、ジメタクリル酸ジエチレングリコール、1,6‐ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート、1,6‐ヘキサンジオールジメタクリレート、ジアクリル酸トリプロピレングリコール、ジメタクリル酸トリエチレングリコール、ジアクリル酸テトラエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール200ジアクリレート、ジメタクリル酸テトラエチレングリコール、ジメタクリル酸ポリエチレングリコール、エトキシ化ビスフェノールAジアクリレート、エトキシ化ビスフェノールAメタクリレート、ポリエチレングリコール600ジメタクリレート、ジアクリル酸ポリ(ブタンジオール)、トリアクリル酸トリメチロールプロパン、トリメタクリル酸トリメチロールプロパン、トリアクリル酸ペンタエリスリトール、トリエトキシトリアクリル酸トリメチロールプロパン、プロポキシトリアクリル酸グリセリル、テトラアクリル酸ペンタエリスリトール、テトラメタクリル酸ペンタエリスリトールおよび/またはモノヒドロキシペンタアクリル酸ジペンタエリスリトール。
- 前記シェル‐コロナがアクリル酸またはメタクリル酸単独、またはそれらの組み合わせのモノマー単位、またはアクリル酸ヒドロキシエチルまたはメタクリル酸ヒドロキシエチルまたはモノメタクリル酸ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)のモノマーとの組み合わせから優先的に作られる請求項1〜9に記載のポリマー粒子。
- 全直径が900nm未満、好ましくは250nm未満、最も好ましくは150nm未満である請求項1〜10に記載のポリマー粒子。
- 該コロナの厚さが1nm〜150nmである請求項1〜11に記載のポリマー粒子。
- 該コアの割合が全直径に対して0.1〜0.995である請求項1〜12に記載のポリマー粒子。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の画像促進薬を被験体に投与し、前記被験体を画像形成手段に供することを含む画像形成法。
- 前記画像形成手段が、磁気共鳴撮像手段および/または磁性粒子撮像手段、X線撮像手段、陽電子放出断層撮影手段、ガンマシンチグラフィー手段、光学的撮像手段、蛍光活性化細胞同定および/または分類手段、またはこれらの画像法の組み合わせを使用する手段である請求項14の方法。
- 心臓、循環器系、脳および脊髄、骨および関節および軟骨、肺;肝臓、脾臓、胃および腸を含む消化管、膵臓、腎臓、尿管、膀胱および生殖器の疾患を同定するための医療診断が目的である請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載のポリマー粒子の使用。
- 神経筋疾患、免疫疾患、腫瘍性疾患、血液病、神経変性疾患および炎症性疾患を同定およびモニターするための医療診断を目的とする請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載のポリマー粒子の使用。
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