JP2009503294A - Tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

  Providing a method of constructing a half-tunnel area on the slope (10) of a mountain or hill (12), forming a rock block (18) along said area (16) above the upper end of the excavated half-tunnel Inserting a locking element across the lock block and extending it into the mountain; digging a hole in the mountain part beyond and below the lock block; Defining and repeating the excavation process until the entire area of the half tunnel is formed.

Description

  The present invention relates to the construction of tunnels, and more particularly to a method of constructing or spreading a half-tunnel, typically on a hillside or mountainside soil.

When building or extending roads along mountain or hillsides, there are significant problems, particularly with respect to damage caused to the environment, including forests, as anxiety is well known and understood by those skilled in the art. May cause qualitative and landslides. To overcome that problem, construction of half-tunnels has been developed, but so far the best solution has been provided, at least in real terms of the need to support the roof of such a half-tunnel. Absent. As shown in FIG. 1, when the standard of the tunnel 2 will be constructed, arrow F, compressive force two opposite represented by F ₁ is generated on the roof of the tunnel, this force is balanced. Therefore, depending on the type of ground from which the tunnel is excavated, it may be required to insert a strengthening soil nail 6 into the ground. When such nails 6 are used, they are inserted radially into the ground with respect to the arched tunnel roof as shown. Therefore, since the half tunnel does not have a central opposing force on its roof, the above-described method of tunnel construction cannot be applied. The obvious solution used is to support the free end of the roof in the form of a tunnel foundation, for example a compression or a column extending between the road and the roof. The disadvantage of such support pillars is immediately obvious.

  Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a half tunnel construction method that overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art half tunnel construction and does not have a support column on the open side of the tunnel.

  It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for constructing a half tunnel in which the roof is securely supported by a locking element inserted into the ground above the roof.

  The present invention provides a method for constructing an area of a half tunnel on a slope of a mountain or hill, a) forming a lock block along the area above the upper end of the excavated half tunnel; b) Inserting a locking element across the lock block and extending it to the mountain; c) excavating the mountain portion beyond and below the lock block to define a roof portion and a bottom portion of the half tunnel. And d) repeating step c) until the entire area of the half tunnel is formed.

  The present invention will be described in connection with a preferred embodiment with reference to the following illustrative drawings so that it may be more fully understood.

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to the drawings in detail, the detailed description is set forth only for the purpose of illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention and is believed to be the most useful and easily understood explanation of the principles and concepts of the invention. Shown to provide things. This is not to be construed as showing details of the structure of the present invention in more detail than is required for a basic understanding of the present invention. This is to make it clear to those skilled in the art how this method is actually implemented.

  The method of constructing a tunnel area on the slope of a mountain or hill according to the present invention will be described in connection with the construction phase. The first stage is shown in FIG. 2 and shows the slope 10 of the hill or mountain 12. After determining the height h from the road in the flat ground 14, for example the tunnel area to be constructed, for example, an L-shaped recess is formed, and the lock block 18 is arranged at the base 20 of the recess 16. The lock block 18 is conveniently a prism body, for example, an assembled reinforced concrete slab. Alternatively, such a reinforced concrete lock block may be placed in a natural position. The lock element 22 is typically a special strong soil nail or compressively stressed anchor, which is then driven or drilled into the slope of the hill or mountain 12 by the lock block 18. The locking element 22 has an actual length that is designed to extend well above the width of the tunnel that is dug up to support it. Also, as can be seen in the drawing, the locking elements fan out at different angles with respect to the plane of the locking block 18 from slightly less than the normal angle of the ramp 10 to slightly greater than 90 °. These locking elements 22 provide the required compressive force required to balance the half tunnels that are excavated to maintain balance, and this is shown when a standard tunnel is being constructed as shown in FIG. The compressive force is usually supplied by “opposing half tunnels”.

  The ground on the slope 10 of the hill or mountain 12 where the half tunnel is formed is composed of unstable materials such as crushed or weathered stones, alternative soils, etc., hardened chemicals or soil strengthening materials It is recommended to stabilize the ground first by driving in a grid pattern anchor or soil nail by known techniques such as injection or other means.

  Once the ground above the planned half-tunnel is solidified by the lock block 18 and the lock element 22, excavation of the half-tunnel from top to bottom as shown by arrow E begins as shown in FIG. Is possible. When the roof portion 24 is formed, depending on the type of ground, a soil nail 26 across the direction of the lock element 22 may be added, forming a reinforced grid above the half tunnel. The shot cleat 28 may be applied to the roof before or after insertion of the soil nail 26. As can be seen in FIG. 4, this excavation process and subsequent insertion of the soil nails while covering the roof of the half tunnel is repeated until the entire half tunnel is excavated and formed. Thereafter, the shot cleat 28 is covered with a suitable exterior material, and the half-tunnel roof can be provided with greater strength.

  Referring to FIG. 5, the half tunnel constituting the extended road 30 formed on the slope 10 of the mountain 12 can be seen. If there is a risk of falling rocks or there is a possibility that the soil will slide down, a hook-like protrusion 32 is attached to the front part of the lock block 18, and the protrusion 32 may have a different shape. It may be configured to guide the falling rock to continue to move across the road 30 to the other portion 34 of the slope 10 and / or may be configured as a cage capable of holding soil and rock falling down.

  It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the detailed embodiments described above and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. I will. Thus, the present invention is considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and thus, within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims. All certain variations are intended to be included therein.

(Conventional example) Schematic of standard tunnel construction. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the 1st step of the half tunnel construction method by this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the 2nd step of the construction method of the half tunnel by this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the 3rd step of the construction method of the half tunnel by this invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fourth stage of the half tunnel construction method according to the present invention, further comprising rock fall protection.

Claims (8)

A method of constructing a half-tunnel area on the slope of a mountain or hill,
a) forming a lock block along said area above the upper end of the half tunnel to be excavated;
b) inserting a locking element across the locking block and extending it into the pile;
c) excavating the portion of the mountain beyond and below the lock block to define a roof portion and a bottom portion of the half tunnel;
d) repeating step c) until the entire area of the half tunnel is formed;
A method characterized by comprising:   The method according to claim 1, further comprising forming a recess in a slope above the upper end of the half tunnel to be excavated.   The method of claim 1, further comprising inserting a soil nail into the roof portion that extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the roof of the half tunnel.   The method of claim 1, further comprising applying shot cleats to the roof portion after step c).   The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of applying shotcrete to the roof of the entire area of the half tunnel after step d).   The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of injecting hardenable chemicals or soil strengthening materials or driving in a grid pattern of anchors or soil nails before or after said step a).   The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching an exterior material to the roof of the half tunnel.   The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching a protrusion to an exposed surface of the lock block to protect falling soil and rock.

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