JP2009291891A - Tool holder and tool changer having the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tool holder capable of improving work processing accuracy. <P>SOLUTION: This tool holder comprises a holder body 30B and a holder socket 31B which is disposed through a spring 306B and O-rings 306B, 314B in such a manner as to be movable in three axial directions orthogonal to the holder body 30B and movable about the axes in these axial directions and which holds a processing tool 4. Thereby, the positional displacement between a tool body 4A and a tool fitting surface 251 can be absorbed by the operation of the tool holder 3B when the processing tool 4 is attached to a tool drive spindle 2, thus achieving excellent accuracy in attaching of the processing tool 4 to a tool installation surface 25. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tool holder that removably holds a processing tool in a machine tool, for example, and a tool changer provided with the tool holder.

  As is well known, machine tools include a grinding machine, a lathe and a milling machine, and these various machine tools are selectively used according to the processing content.

  In such a machine tool, the main shaft for holding a processing tool such as a grindstone or a cutting tool, a table for holding a workpiece, or the like is moved to a desired position or rotated at a desired angle. The machining tool and the machining tool are relatively displaced to perform grinding or cutting.

  Conventionally, this type of machine tool has a tool magazine that holds a plurality of machining tools in a detachable manner, and has a tool changer that exchanges a machining tool between the tool magazine and the spindle. (Patent Document 1).

  In such a machine tool, the machining tool can be exchanged by removing the machining tool mounted in the tool mounting concave hole of the spindle and collecting it in the tool magazine, and then performing a desired machining among a plurality of machining tools held in the tool magazine. This is done by mounting the tool in the tool mounting recess of the spindle.

By the way, in this type of machine tool, the tool mounting concave hole of the main shaft is formed by a concave portion that gradually expands from the bottom toward the opening, and the spindle side end of the processing tool fits the tool mounting concave hole of the main shaft. Are formed respectively. As a result, when the machining tool is mounted on the spindle, the spindle end face of the machining tool is brought into contact with the opening end face of the tool mounting concave hole of the spindle, and the spindle end (tapered portion) of the machining tool is brought into contact with the tool mounting concave hole. The process is performed in a state of being fitted on the inner surface and constraining the processing tool with respect to the main shaft so-called two surfaces.
JP 57-127641 A

  However, in a conventional tool changer having a spindle on which the machining tool is mounted by so-called two-surface restraint, the center axis of the end on the spindle side deviates from the center axis of the tool mounting recess when the machining tool is mounted on the spindle. Then, the inner surface of the tool mounting concave hole was damaged by the contact of the end portion on the main shaft side. As a result, there is a problem that the machining tool mounting accuracy with respect to the inner surface of the tool mounting concave hole is deteriorated and the workpiece machining accuracy is lowered.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a tool holder capable of obtaining a good mounting accuracy of a processing tool on a tool mounting surface, and thereby improving a workpiece processing accuracy, and a tool exchanging apparatus including the tool holder. is there.

(1) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a holder body, an elastic body that is operable around three axis directions orthogonal to the holder body and axes along these axis directions. And a holder socket for detachably holding the processing tool. A tool holder is provided.

(2) In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention can be attached to and detached from the tool side of the tool drive spindle of the machine tool spindle in the machine tool, and the tool magazine via the tool holder. A tool exchanging device for exchanging the machining tool on the magazine side held by the tool, wherein the tool holder includes a holder main body, three axial directions orthogonal to the holder main body, and along these axial directions. A tool changer is provided that includes a holder socket that is movably disposed around an axis line through an elastic body and removably holds a processing tool.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a good mounting accuracy of the processing tool on the tool mounting surface, and it is possible to increase the workpiece processing accuracy.

[Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a mounting state of a machining tool with respect to a tool drive main shaft of a tool changer according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, the three directions orthogonal to each other are the Z-axis direction (main axis direction in FIG. 1) and the X-axis direction (direction parallel to the paper surface in FIG. 1 and perpendicular to the Z-axis) and Y-axis direction, respectively. (A direction perpendicular to the X axis and the Z axis).

[Overall configuration of tool changer]
In FIG. 1, a tool changer denoted by reference numeral 1 includes a tool driving main shaft 2 and a tool holder unit 3 and is disposed in an orthogonal coordinate plane having two axes, the X axis and the Z axis. Then, the processing tools 4 and 4 on the spindle side and the processing tool 4 on the holder unit side are exchanged between the tool driving spindle 2 and the tool holder unit 3.

(Configuration of tool drive spindle 2)
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the tool drive main shaft of the tool changer according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a mounted state of the machining tool with respect to the tool drive spindle of the tool changer according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the tool drive main shaft 2 has a pressure wall 20 for forming a pressure chamber (not shown) therein, and is mounted on an X-axis stage (not shown). The Z-axis stage 21 is disposed via a spindle head 22 and a bearing retainer 23, and is rotatably supported within the spindle head 22 and the bearing retainer 22 via bearings (ball bearings) 24, 24,. It is formed by a cylindrical body having a frustoconical space (tapered hole) opened to the tool fitting side. An X-axis stage moving actuator (not shown) and a Z-axis stage moving actuator (not shown) are rotated around an axis parallel to the Z axis by a rotating actuator (not shown). Is configured to move in a direction along the X axis and the Z axis.

  A tool mounting surface 25 for detachably holding the processing tool 4 is provided at the opening end of the tool driving spindle 2. The tool mounting surface 25 has a flat tool receiving surface 250 facing each tip surface of the processing tool 4 or the cleaning tool 3C (described later), and a tool fitting that fits the outer peripheral surface of each opening end of the processing tool 4 or the cleaning tool 3C. And a mating surface 251. The tool receiving surface 250 is disposed on the opening end surface of the tool driving main shaft 2, and the tool fitting surface 251 is disposed on the opening inner peripheral surface of the tool driving main shaft 2.

  The tool drive main shaft 2 has recesses 26, 26,... (Opening on the inner peripheral surface thereof and movably guiding projections 50B, 50B,. 4 in the form) are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

  A tool gripping device 5 that detachably grips the processing tool 4 is accommodated in the internal space of the tool driving spindle 2.

  The tool gripping device 5 has a piston rod 5A positioned in the tool drive main shaft 2 so as to be able to advance and retreat along its center axis, and a plurality of locking claws 5B, 5B,... For engaging and disengaging the processing tool 4 on the piston rod 5A. (Four in the embodiment), a wedge-shaped member 5C for advancing and retracting these locking claws 5B, 5B,... In the radial direction of the piston rod 5A, a pusher 5D for pressing the wedge-shaped member 5C toward the tool, and this pusher 5D A spring 5E for imparting a resilience toward the tool gripping side on the side opposite to the tool gripping side of the wedge-shaped member 5C, a spring receiver 5F for receiving the resilience of the spring 5E on the tool gripping side of the pressure wall 20, and the like. The tool drive main shaft 2 is configured to function as a clamp unit.

(Configuration of tool holder unit 3)
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the tool holder unit of the tool changer according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the tool holder of the tool holder unit in the tool changer according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the cleaning tool for the tool holder unit in the tool changer according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a plan view for explaining the cleaning tool for the tool holder unit in the tool changer according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a side view for explaining the cleaning tool for the tool holder unit in the tool changer according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a processing tool as an exchange target in the tool exchange device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the tool holder unit 3 includes a tool magazine 3A, tool holders 3B, 3B,... (Three in the embodiment), a cleaning tool 3C, and the like. (XZ axis plane) is arranged.

<Configuration of tool magazine 3A>
As shown in FIG. 4, the tool magazine 3 </ b> A includes a plurality of (three in the embodiment) holder attachment portions 30 </ b> A to 32 </ b> A arranged in the circumferential direction, and a circle of the plurality of holder attachment portions 30 </ b> A to 32 </ b> A. It has a tool attachment portion 33A interposed between the holder attachment portions 30A and 32A on both ends in the circumferential direction, and is formed by a plane substantially circular rotating body that rotates around an axis parallel to the Y axis. And it is comprised so that it may rotate with a servomotor (not shown). The holder attachment portions 30A to 32A and the tool attachment portion 33A are arranged in parallel at equal intervals (90 °) in the circumferential direction, and are arranged on the outer peripheral edge of the tool magazine 3A.

<Configuration of tool holders 3B, 3B, ...>
As shown in FIG. 4, the tool holders 3B, 3B,... Are arranged on the holder attachment portions 30A to 32A of the tool magazine 3A, and are configured to hold the processing tools 4, 4,. Yes.

  Since the tool holders 3B, 3B,... Have substantially the same configuration, only the single tool holder 3B will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the tool holder 3B has a holder body 30B and a holder socket 31B, and is attached to a holder attachment portion 31A of the tool magazine 3A.

  The holder main body 30B includes a bottomless cylindrical casing 300B that opens in the direction of the axis 2 and a disk-shaped lid that closes the opening on the opposite side to the processing tool attaching / detaching side of both openings of the casing 300B. The body 301B is formed of a substantially cylindrical hollow structure that is open to the processing tool attachment / detachment side. In the holder main body 30B, a substantially cylindrical pressing piece 302B that moves in the axial direction to press the holder socket 31B toward the processing tool attaching / detaching side, and the movement of the pressing piece 302B to the processing tool attaching / detaching side are regulated. The movement restricting piece 303B is accommodated.

  The casing 300B has a pair of mounting pieces 3000B and 3000B arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface thereof, and is attached to the tool mounting portion 31A of the tool magazine 3A via these mounting pieces 3000B and 3000B. It is attached. An inner flange 3001B that protrudes on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 300B and that regulates the movement of the holder socket 31B to the processing tool attaching / detaching side is integrally provided at a substantially central portion in the axial direction of the housing 300B.

  The lid body 301B has a screw hole 3010B that opens in the axial direction, a through hole 3011B that communicates with the screw hole 3010B, and a flange portion 3012B that protrudes in the radial direction. It is attached to one side opening end face. A stopper screw 304B as a spring receiver that is screwed into the screw hole 3010B is attached to the lid 301B. A spring 305B as an elastic body is mounted between the stopper screw 304B and the pressing piece 302B. Thereby, the elastic force of the spring 305B to the attachment / detachment side of the processing tool is applied to the holder socket 31B via the pressing piece 302B. Further, a socket guide pin 315B protruding to the processing tool attaching / detaching side is attached to the lid 301B.

  The holder socket 31B includes a first socket element 310B to a third socket element 312B. The holder main body 30B has three axis directions of the X axis, the Z axis, and the Y axis, and around the axes along these three axis directions. Are operatively accommodated via springs 305B and O-rings 306B and 314B. As a result, the holder socket 31B can operate on the holder body 30B around the three axis directions of the X axis, the Z axis, and the Y axis and the axes along these three axis directions via the spring 305B and the O-rings 306B and 314B. Retained.

  The first socket element 310B is disposed on the lid side of the holder main body 30B, and is entirely formed of an annular body that opens in the direction of the axis 2 of the holder socket 31B. The first socket element 310B is provided with an annular seal mounting recess 3100B that opens to the outer peripheral surface of the element, and a recess 3101B that fits into the pin 315B. The first socket element 310B is elastically mounted with an O-ring 306B as an elastic body interposed between the bottom surface (inner peripheral surface) of the seal mounting recess 3100B and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 300B.

  The second socket element 311B includes two body portions 3110B and 3111B having different outer diameters. The second socket element 311B is disposed on the processing tool attaching / detaching side of the tool holder 30B and is accommodated in the holder body 30B. The whole is formed by a bottomless cylindrical body having a substantially T-shaped cross section.

  A partition 3114B that partitions the inside of the second socket element 311B into two spaces 3112B and 3113B along the axial direction is integrally provided in the small-diameter body 3110B. The partition wall 3114 </ b> B is provided with a through hole 3115 </ b> B that opens along the central axis. The partition wall 3114B is attached with a bolt 307B having a spherical concave portion 3070B at the tip end surface thereof inserted through the through hole 3115B, and a nut 308B screwed to the tip end portion of the bolt 307B. A spherical body 309B is interposed between the bottom surface of the recess 3070B and the front end surface of the pressing piece 302B in the bolt 307B.

  The space 3112B is disposed on the lid side of the second socket element 311B, and is entirely formed by a cylindrical recess that communicates with the through hole 3115B. The space 3113B is disposed on the processing tool attaching / detaching side of the second socket element 311B, and the entire space 3113B is formed by a stepped recess that communicates with the space 3112B through the through hole 3115B. The inner circumferential surface of the opening of the space 3113B is formed by a tapered surface 3117B that can be fitted to the fitting surface 403A of the tool body 4A in the processing tool 4.

  The large-diameter body 3111B is provided with a screw hole 3116B that opens to the outer peripheral surface thereof and the inner peripheral surface of the space 3113B, and a spring receiver 313B that is screwed into the screw hole 3116B is mounted. The spring receiver 313B is mounted with a ball plunger 7B that constitutes the tool positioning mechanism 7 together with the pull-stat bolt 7A as a tool connecting member and moves forward and backward in the screw hole 3116B.

  The positioning mechanism 7 includes a pull-stat bolt 7A (shown in FIG. 3) and a ball plunger 7B, and is disposed between the holder socket 31B (second socket element 311B) and the processing tool 4. And it is comprised so that the processing tool 4 may be detachably positioned with respect to the 2nd socket element 311B.

  The pull-stat bolt 7 </ b> A includes two body portions 70 </ b> A and 71 </ b> A having different outer diameters, and is attached to the tool body 4 </ b> A of the processing tool 4.

  The large-diameter barrel portion 70A has a flange portion 72A that projects from the outer peripheral surface on the tip end side (the side opposite to the small-diameter barrel portion 71A), and a seal mounting recess that opens to the outer peripheral surface on the small-diameter barrel portion 71A side 73A is provided. The collar portion 72A is formed of a tapered surface 720A having a convex end surface on the body portion 71A side.

  The small-diameter barrel portion 71A has a screw portion 710A on the outer peripheral surface, and the screw portion 700B is screwed to the tool body 4A.

  The ball plunger 7B includes a ball 70B and a spring 71B, and is disposed on the body 3111B of the second socket element 311B.

  The ball 70B is attached to the tip of the spring 71B so as to be able to protrude and retract between the space 3113B of the body 3111B and the screw hole 3116B. And it is comprised so that the processing tool 4 may be latched by the drawing-in force to the socket holder 31B side by the press contact to the taper surface 720A of the pullstat bolt 7A.

  The spring 71B is accommodated in the screw hole 3116B of the trunk portion 3111B and attached to the spring receiver 313B. And it is comprised so that the one part may give the ball 70B the resilience of the direction exposed to the space 3113B of the trunk | drum 3111B.

  The third socket element 312B includes two body portions 3120B and 3121B having different outer diameters. The third socket element 312B is disposed around the second socket element 311B, and the processing tool side end surface of the first socket element 310B and the body portion 3111B. It is interposed between the lid body side end surfaces.

  The large-diameter barrel 3120B has a recess 3122B that opens to the side where the processing tool is attached and fits into the barrel 3111B of the second socket element 311B, and faces the inner flange 3001B of the holder main body 30B (housing 300B). It is arranged at the position to do. An annular seal mounting recess 3123B that opens to the outer peripheral surface of the third socket element 312B is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the body portion 3120B. In addition, an O-ring 314B as an elastic body interposed between the bottom surface (inner peripheral surface) of the seal mounting recess 3123B and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 300B is mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the body portion 3120B. .

  The small-diameter body 3121B has an insertion hole 3124B that communicates with the recess 3122B of the large-diameter body 3120B and allows the body 3110B of the second socket element 311B to be inserted. It is arrange | positioned between inner flange 3001B.

<Configuration of cleaning tool 3C>
As shown in FIG. 6, the cleaning tool 3C includes a tool main body 30C, a suction device holder 31C, and an air suction device 32C, and is attached to a tool attachment portion 33A of the tool magazine 3A. And in the cleaning state by the air suction of the air suction device 32C, it is arrange | positioned in the position which approaches the tool mounting surface 25 of the tool drive spindle 2. FIG.

  The tool main body 30C includes a bottomless cylindrical casing 300C that opens in the direction of the axis 2 and an annular lid 301C that closes a part of the opening on the opposite side to the main shaft attaching / detaching side of both openings of the casing 300C. The whole is formed by a substantially cylindrical hollow structure opening to the main shaft attaching / detaching side.

  The casing 300C has a pair of mounting pieces 3000C and 3000C that are arranged in parallel in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface thereof, and is attached to the tool mounting portion 33A of the tool magazine 3A via these mounting pieces 3000C and 3000C. It is attached. An inner flange 3001C that protrudes from the inner peripheral surface of the housing 300C in the axial direction and that restricts the movement of the suction device holder 31C toward the main shaft attachment / detachment side is integrally provided.

  The lid body 301C is formed of an annular body having a flange portion 3010C protruding in the radial direction, and is attached to the one-side opening end surface of the housing 300C via the flange portion 3010C. The lid 301C is fixed with a holder guiding pin 302C that protrudes toward the main shaft attaching / detaching side.

  The aspirator holder 31C has a first holder element 310C and a second holder element 311C, and the tool body 30C has three axis directions of the X axis, Z axis, and Y axis, and around the axes along these three axis directions. It is operatively accommodated via a spring 303C and O-rings 304C and 305C. As a result, the aspirator holder 31C can operate on the tool main body 30C via the spring 303C and the O-rings 304C and 305C in the three axis directions of the X axis, the Z axis, and the Y axis and about the axes along these three axis directions. Retained.

  The first holder element 310C is formed of an annular body having a stepped inner hole 3100C that opens in the direction of the axis 2 of the suction device holder 31C, and is formed between the inner flange 3001C of the housing 300C and the end surface of the lid 301C on the main shaft attachment / detachment side. And is housed in the tool body 30C.

  The first holder element 310C is provided with a spring accommodating hole 3102C for accommodating the spring 303C therein and a concave hole 3103C for loosely fitting the pin 302C. Further, the first holder element 310C is provided with an annular seal mounting recess 3104C that opens to the outer peripheral surface of the element. An O-ring 304C as an elastic body is mounted between the bottom surface (inner peripheral surface) of the seal mounting recess 3104C and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 300C.

  The second holder element 311C is composed of three large, medium, and small body portions 3110C to 3112C having different outer diameters. The second holder element 311C is disposed on the main shaft attachment / detachment side of the tool body 30C, and a part thereof is accommodated in the housing 300C of the tool body 300C. Has been.

A partition wall 3113C for partitioning the inside of the second holder element 311C into two spaces 3112C ₁ and 3112C ₂ along the axial direction is integrally provided in the small diameter body portion 3110C. The partition wall 3113C, as shown in FIG. 7, a screw hole 3114C communicating with the space 3112C _1, and the first air suction passage 3115C communicating with the screw hole 3114C, and communicates with the first air suction passage 3115C cylinder A through hole 3116C is provided in the outer peripheral surface of the portion 3110C. In addition, the body portion 3110C is provided with a second air suction passage 3117C that communicates with the first air suction passage 3115C and opens at the distal end surface of the body portion 3110C across the partition wall 3113C. The through hole 3116C is closed by the plug 33C.

An annular first convex portion 3118C ₁ that can contact the tool receiving surface 250 of the tool driving main shaft 2 is provided on the outer peripheral edge of the front end surface of the body portion 3110C. An annular second convex portion 3118C ₂ that can be fitted into the opening of the tool driving main shaft ₂ is provided on the inner peripheral edge of the front end surface of the body 3110C (the opening peripheral edge of the space 3112C). As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the second convex portion 3118C ₂ includes an annular base 3119C ₁ extending in the circumferential direction and a plurality (four in the embodiment) arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. ) Rib 3119C ₂ , and the whole is formed by a tapered member that fits the tool fitting surface 251 of the tool driving spindle 2. As a result, when the first convex portion 3117C ₁ comes into contact with the tool receiving surface 250 and the second convex portion 3119C ₂ is fitted into the tool fitting surface 251, the tip end surface of the body portion 3110C and the tool receiving main shaft 2 receive the tool. A space a communicating with the second air suction path 3117C is formed between the surface 250 and the space a between the outer peripheral surface of the second convex portion 3118C ₂ and the tool fitting surface 251 of the tool driving spindle 2. A communicating space b is formed.

  The large-diameter trunk portion 3111C is accommodated in the housing 300C so as to be interposed between the trunk portion 3110C and the trunk portion 3112C of the second holder element 311C. An annular seal mounting recess 305C that opens to the outer peripheral surface of the second holder element 311C is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the body portion 3111C. An O-ring 306C as an elastic body interposed between the bottom surface (inner peripheral surface) of the seal mounting recess 305C and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 300C is elastically mounted.

  An intermediate diameter barrel portion 3112C between the large diameter barrel portion 3111C and the small diameter barrel portion 3110C is fitted into the inner hole 3100C of the first holder element 310C and inserted into the inner flange 3001C of the housing 300C. The second holder element 311C is connected to the body portion 3110C via the body portion 3111C.

  The air suction unit 32C has an air introduction part 320C, an air lead-out part 321C, and an air suction part 322C, and a part of the air suction part 32C is inserted into the tool body 30C and the suction machine holder 31C, and the air suction part 322C sucks the air suction part 322C. The screw holder 3C is screwed into the screw hole 3114C. The tool mounting surface 25 of the tool drive spindle 2 is configured to be cleaned by air suction. As the air suction device 32C, a nozzle that generates suction force by introducing compressed air into the inside from the air introduction portion 320C and leading it out from the air lead-out portion 321C is used.

<Configuration of machining tool 4>
As shown in FIG. 9, the processing tool 4 includes a grinding wheel having a tool main body 4 </ b> A and a grinding wheel 4 </ b> B, and is detachably held on the tool holder 3 </ b> B or the tool driving main shaft 2. And in the mounting state with respect to the tool drive main axis | shaft 2, it is comprised so that it may rotate around the axis line parallel to a Z-axis with the tool rotation main axis | shaft 2. Further, the processing tool 4 is configured to rotate around the axis parallel to the Y axis together with the tool holder 3B via a tool magazine 3A (described later) of the tool holder unit 3 in the mounted state with respect to the tool holder 3B. Has been.

  The tool main body 4A includes a barrel portion 40A that passes through the central portion of the grindstone wheel 4B, and a flange portion 41A that comes into contact with one end face of the grindstone wheel 4B, and is configured to function as a base member of the processing tool 4 as a whole. Yes.

  The body portion 40A includes a first recess 400A that fits into the body portion 70A of the pull-stat bolt 7A, a screw hole 401A that communicates with the first recess 400A and is screwed into the screw portion 710A of the pull-stat bolt 7A. A second recess 402A that communicates with 401A and loosely fits at the tip of the wedge member 5C in the tool gripping device 5, and an opening in the inner peripheral surface of the second recess 402A opens and retracts the piston rod 5A in the tool gripping device 5 It has the 3rd recessed part 403A in which the front-end | tip part of locking nail | claw 6B, 6B, ... protrudes / projects, and the whole is formed of the step-shaped substantially cylindrical body.

  One end portion of the body portion 40A is formed by a tapered portion 404A whose outer diameter gradually decreases from the axial direction intermediate portion toward the tip portion. The other end portion of the body portion 40A is a tapered fitting surface 405A whose outer diameter gradually decreases from the intermediate portion toward the tip portion and can be fitted to the tool fitting surface 251 of the tool driving main shaft 2. Is formed.

  The flange portion 41A is integrally provided on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion in the axial direction of the trunk portion 40A. Of the both end surfaces of the flange portion 41A, the end surface opposite to the grindstone wheel 4B side is formed by a flat contact surface 406A that can contact the tool receiving surface 250 of the tool drive main shaft 2. As a result, the contact surface 406A contacts the tool receiving surface 250, and when the fitting surface 405A of the body portion 40A is fitted to the tool fitting surface 251, the machining tool 4 is a so-called two-surface constraint type with respect to the tool driving main shaft 2. Functions as a tool.

  The grindstone wheel 4B is disposed around the body portion 40A of the tool main body 4A, is fixed to the flange portion 41A of the tool main body 4A, and is entirely formed of an annular body having the grindstone 40B on the outer peripheral surface.

  Next, the case where the tool changer 1 shown in the present embodiment is applied to a machine tool (multi-task machine) will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a plan view for explaining the case where the tool changer according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a multi-task machine.

  In FIG. 10, the multi-tasking machine indicated by reference numeral 10 includes a processing machine main body 20 and an accessory device (not shown), and is placed on a bed 1000.

  The processing machine main body 20 includes a work support driving unit 100 that supports and rotates the work W by the main shaft 105, a tool driving main shaft unit 200 that holds the processing tool 4 detachably and rotates, and a tool driving main shaft unit 200. A tool holder unit 3 constituting the tool changer 1 is also provided.

  The work support drive unit 100 has a headstock base 101 and two left and right headstocks 103, 103, and is placed on the front end (lower side in FIG. 10) on the bed 1000.

  On the back surface of the headstock base 101 (upper side in FIG. 10), two headstock slide guides 102 and 102 are arranged in parallel with each other at a predetermined interval in the left-right (Z-axis) direction and extending in the Z-axis direction. It is installed.

  The headstocks 103 and 103 are arranged on the corresponding headstock slide guides 102 and 102 so as to be movable along the Z-axis direction. Each of the headstock slide guides 102 and 102 is positioned at a predetermined position, and the workpiece W is sandwiched between the center portions thereof. The spindle stocks 103 and 103 are equipped with spindle drive motors 104 and 104 that respectively drive the spindles 105 and 105 at a predetermined rotational speed.

  The tool drive spindle unit 200 includes a tool drive spindle 2 that can grip a gripped portion of the processing tool 4 and a tool drive spindle rotation motor 203 that rotationally drives the tool drive spindle 2, and an X-axis stage on the bed 1000. 301 is mounted via the Z-axis stage 21. Then, the rotational driving force of the tool driving main shaft rotating motor 203 is transmitted to the tool driving main shaft 2, and the machining tool 4 on the tool driving main shaft 2 is rotationally driven at a predetermined rotational speed.

  On the other hand, the accessory device includes an oil supply device, a cooling device, an air supply device, a coolant supply device, and a duct device that connects these devices to the processing machine body 2.

  In the multi-tasking machine 10 configured as described above, the entire operation is controlled by a computer numerical controller (CNC). For this reason, the workpiece W supported by the spindles 105 and 105 is automatically machined by the machining tool 4 of the tool drive spindle unit 200. In addition, the machining tools 4 and 4 on the spindle side and the machining tool 4 on the holder unit side are automatically exchanged between the tool driving spindle 2 and the tool holder unit 3.

[Tool changing method by the tool changing method apparatus 1]
Next, a tool changing method using the tool changing device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  11 to 13 are cross-sectional views for explaining a tool changing method according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a flowchart shown for explaining the tool replacement method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  In the tool replacement method shown in the present embodiment, the steps of “collecting the machining tool into the tool magazine”, “cleaning the tool drive spindle”, and “mounting the machining tool onto the tool drive spindle” are sequentially performed. Each of these steps will be described sequentially.

"Recovering processing tools into the tool magazine"
FIGS. 11A to 11C are cross-sectional views for explaining collection of the processing tool into the tool magazine in the tool replacement method according to the embodiment of the present invention. 11A shows a state before the processing tool is collected, FIG. 11B shows a state where the processing tool is collected, and FIG. 11C shows a state after the processing tool is collected.

  The tool magazine 3A is rotated by driving and controlling the servo motor of the tool holder unit 3 in advance, and the tool holder 3B of the tool holder 3B, 3B,. Is assumed to be disposed at a position (tool replacement position) where the processing tool 4 (used processing tool 4 to be replaced) on the tool drive spindle can be collected in the tool magazine 3A.

  First, as shown in FIG. 11 (a), a tool driving main shaft 2 on which a used processing tool 4 to be replaced is mounted via a tool gripping device 5 is set in predetermined directions along the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, respectively. It is moved by the stroke amount and positioned at the tool change standby position corresponding to the tool change position (step S1 in FIG. 14).

  Next, as shown in FIG. 11B, the tool drive main shaft 2 is moved forward by a predetermined stroke amount in the Z-axis direction from the tool change standby position toward the tool holder 3B at the tool change position. The used machining tool 4 is transferred from the tool drive spindle 2 to the tool holder 3B at the position (step S2 in FIG. 14). The transfer of the processing tool 4 is performed by inserting the body portion 70A of the stat bolt 7A and the body portion 40A of the processing tool 4 into the space 3113B of the holder socket 31B. At this time, when the ball 70B of the ball plunger 7B presses the stat bolt 7A against the tapered surface 720A by inserting the stat bolt 7A into the holder socket 31B, the processing tool 4 is locked in a state of being pulled to the socket holder side. . Further, the taper portion 404A is fitted into the taper surface 3117B of the space portion 3113B by inserting the processing tool 4 into the holder socket 31B. Then, when the processing tool 4 is mounted on the tool holder 3B at the tool replacement position, the mounting state with respect to the tool driving main shaft 2 is released by the operation of the tool gripping device 5, and is detached from the tool driving main shaft 2. As a result, the used processing tool 4 is collected in the tool magazine 3A.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 11C, the tool drive spindle 2 is moved back by a predetermined stroke along the Z-axis direction in a direction away from the tool change position, and a tool change standby position corresponding to the tool change position. (Step S3 in FIG. 14).

"Cleaning the tool drive spindle"
FIGS. 12A to 12C are cross-sectional views for explaining the cleaning of the tool drive main shaft in the tool replacement method according to the embodiment of the present invention. 12A shows a state before tool cleaning, FIG. 12B shows a tool cleaning state, and FIG. 12C shows a state after tool cleaning.

  First, as shown in FIG. 12A, the servo motor of the tool holder unit 3 is driven and controlled to rotate the tool magazine 3A clockwise by 180 °, and the tool mounting surface 25 (tool receiving surface) of the tool driving spindle 2 is rotated. The cleaning tool 3C on the tool magazine 3A is positioned at a position (tool replacement position) where the 250 and the tool fitting surface 251) can be cleaned (step S4 in FIG. 14).

Next, as shown in FIG. 12B, the tool drive main shaft 2 is moved forward by a predetermined stroke amount in the Z-axis direction from the tool change standby position toward the tool holder 3B at the tool change position. At this position, the cleaning tool 3C on the tool magazine 3A is approached (step S5 in FIG. 14). The tool approach to cleaning tools 3C of the drive spindle 2, aspirator second protrusion 3118C ₂ tool drive spindle 2 in the opening of the holder 31C, also the wedge-shaped member 5C tool gripping device 5 of the aspirator holder 31C It is performed by inserting each of the spaces 3112C _2. At this time, the first convex portion 3117C ₁ comes into contact with the tool receiving surface 250 of the tool drive main shaft 2 by insertion of the tool drive main shaft 2 into the suction device holder 31C (insertion of the suction device holder 31C into the tool drive main shaft 2). When the second convex portion 3118C ₂ is fitted to the tool fitting surface 251, a space a communicating with the second air suction path 3117C is formed between the distal end surface of the body portion 3110C and the tool receiving surface 250 of the tool driving main shaft 2. A space b communicating with the space a is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the second convex portion 3118C ₂ and the tool fitting surface 251 of the tool driving main shaft 2 while being formed. Then, the compressed air is introduced into the inside from the air introduction part 320C of the air suction unit 32C and led out to the outside from the air lead-out part 321C, thereby generating a suction force, and the tool mounting surface 25 (tool receiving surface) of the tool drive spindle 2 250 and the tool fitting surface 251) are cleaned by air suction (step S6 in FIG. 14). Thereby, the processing waste, dust, etc. adhering to the tool mounting surface 25 of the tool drive spindle 2 are removed.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 12C, the tool drive main shaft 2 is moved back by a predetermined stroke along the Z-axis direction in a direction away from the tool change position, and a tool change standby position corresponding to the tool change position. (Step S7 in FIG. 14).

"Mounting of machining tools to the tool drive spindle"
FIGS. 13A to 13C are cross-sectional views for explaining the mounting of the processing tool to the tool drive spindle in the tool replacement method according to the embodiment of the present invention. 13A shows a state before the machining tool is mounted, FIG. 13B shows a state where the machining tool is mounted, and FIG. 13C shows a state after the processing tool is mounted.

  First, as shown in FIG. 13A, the servo motor of the tool holder unit 3 is driven and controlled to rotate the tool magazine 3A by 90 ° in the clockwise direction, so that the tool mounting surface 25 (tool receiving surface) of the tool driving spindle 2 is obtained. The processing tool 4 (unused processing tool 4) on the tool magazine 3A is positioned at a position (tool replacement position) at which it can be mounted on 250 and the tool fitting surface 251) (step S8 in FIG. 14).

  Next, as shown in FIG. 13B, the tool drive main shaft 2 is moved forward by a predetermined stroke amount in the Z-axis direction from the tool change standby position toward the tool holder 3B at the tool change position. At the position, the unused machining tool 4 is transferred from the tool holder 3B to the tool drive spindle 2 (step S9 in FIG. 14). This transfer of the processing tool 4 is performed by inserting the wedge-shaped member 5C of the tool gripping device 5 into the second recess 402A of the processing tool 4 and the tapered portion 404A of the processing tool 4 into the opening of the tool driving spindle 2. Done. At this time, the fitting surface 405A of the tapered portion 404A is fitted to the tool fitting surface 251 of the tool driving main shaft 2 by inserting the processing tool 4 into the tool driving main shaft 2, and the contact surface 406A of the flange portion 41A is also fitted. When the tool driving main shaft 2 comes into contact with the tool receiving surface 250 of the tool driving main shaft 2, the tool driving main shaft 2 holds the processing tool 4 in a so-called two-surface restraint. When the processing tool 4 is held on the tool driving spindle 2 at the tool replacement position, the locking claws 5B and 5B lock the third recess 403A of the processing tool 4 by the operation of the tool gripping device 5. Thereby, the processing tool 4 is mounted on the tool driving spindle 2 via the tool gripping device 5.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 13 (c), the tool driving main shaft 2 on which the processing tool 4 is mounted via the tool gripping device 5 is separated from the tool replacement position by a predetermined stroke along the Z-axis direction. The actuator is moved backward and positioned at the tool change standby position corresponding to the tool change position and waits (step S10 in FIG. 14).

[Effect of the embodiment]
According to the embodiment described above, the following effects can be obtained.

  The tool mounting surface 25 of the tool driving spindle 2 is cleaned by air suction by the cleaning tool 3C (air suction device 32C), and the entire tool mounting surface 25 can be reliably cleaned. Further, even when the center axis of the tool body 4A and the center axis of the tool fitting surface 251 are shifted when the machining tool 4 is mounted on the tool driving main shaft 2, the tool holder 3B can absorb and absorb this positional shift. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of damage due to the contact of the tool body 4A with the tool fitting surface 251. Thereby, the favorable mounting accuracy of the processing tool 4 with respect to the tool mounting surface 25 of the tool drive spindle 2 can be obtained, and the workpiece processing accuracy can be increased.

  As mentioned above, although the tool exchange apparatus of this invention was demonstrated based on said embodiment, this invention is not limited to said embodiment, It implements in a various aspect in the range which does not deviate from the summary. For example, the following modifications are possible.

(1) In the present embodiment, the case where the O-rings 306B and 314B are the elastic bodies interposed between the holder main body 30B and the holder socket 31B has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, An elastic seal member having another shape such as a U-ring or a V-ring or an elastic body that is not a seal member may be used.

(2) In the present embodiment, the suction unit holder 31C (body portion 3110C) is provided with the second convex portion 3118C2 that fits in the opening (tool fitting surface 251) of the tool drive main shaft 2 in the cleaning state. Although the case has been described, the present invention is not limited to this, and the suction device holder may be provided with a recess that fits into the open end (outer peripheral surface) of the tool drive main shaft.

(3) In the present embodiment, a case has been described in which tool replacement is performed by moving the tool drive spindle 2 along the X-axis and Z-axis directions with respect to the tool magazine 3A. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, the tool may be exchanged by moving the tool magazine along the X axis and the Z axis with respect to the tool driving spindle.

(4) In the present embodiment, the case of applying to a machine tool (composite processing machine 10) using a grindstone as a processing tool 4 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, an electrodeposition wheel for turning The present invention can also be applied to other machine tools that use a turning tool, a heat treatment tool, a surface finishing tool, or the like as a processing tool.

(5) Although the case where the same type of processing tool 4 is held in the tool magazine 3A has been described in the present embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of types of processing tools are held in the tool magazine. Of course, it is also good.

Sectional drawing shown in order to demonstrate the mounting state of the processing tool with respect to the tool drive main axis | shaft of the tool exchange apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing shown in order to demonstrate the tool drive main axis | shaft of the tool exchange apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the mounting state of the processing tool with respect to the tool drive spindle of the tool exchange apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing shown in order to demonstrate the tool holder unit of the tool exchange apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing shown in order to demonstrate the tool holder of the tool holder unit in the tool exchange apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing shown in order to demonstrate the cleaning tool of the tool holder unit in the tool exchange apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The top view shown in order to demonstrate the cleaning tool of the tool holder unit in the tool exchange apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The side view shown in order to demonstrate the cleaning tool of the tool holder unit in the tool exchange apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the processing tool as an exchange object in the tool exchange apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The top view shown in order to demonstrate the case where the tool change apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention is applied to a multi-tasking machine. (A)-(c) is sectional drawing shown in order to demonstrate collection | recovery to the tool magazine of the processing tool in the tool exchange method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. (A)-(c) is sectional drawing shown in order to demonstrate cleaning of the tool drive main axis | shaft in the tool exchange method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. (A)-(c) is sectional drawing shown in order to demonstrate mounting | wearing to the tool drive main axis | shaft of the processing tool in the tool exchange method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The flowchart shown in order to demonstrate the tool exchange method which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Tool change apparatus 2 ... Tool drive main shaft, 20 ... Pressure wall, 21 ... Z-axis stage, 22 ... Main shaft head, 23 ... Bearing press, 24 ... Bearing, 25 ... Tool mounting surface, 250 ... Tool receiving surface, 251 ... Tool fitting surface, 26 ... concave portion 3 ... tool holder unit 3A ... tool magazine, 30A to 32A ... holder attaching portion, 34A ... tool attaching portion 3B ... tool holder, 30B ... holder main body, 300B ... housing, 3000B ... Mounting piece, 3001B ... Inner flange, 301B ... Cover, 3010B ... Screw hole, 3011B ... Through hole, 3012B ... Hut part, 302B ... Pressing piece, 303B ... Movement restriction piece, 304B ... Stopper screw, 305B ... Spring, 306B ... O-ring, 307B ... bolt, 3070B ... recess, 308B ... nut, 309B ... sphere, 31B ... holder socket G, 310B ... 1st socket element, 3100B ... seal mounting recess, 3101B ... concave hole, 3110B ... small diameter barrel, 3111B ... large diameter barrel, 3112B, 3113B ... space, 3114B ... partition, 3115B ... through hole 3116B ... Screw hole, 3117B ... Tapered surface, 311B ... Second socket element, 312B ... Third socket element, 3120B ... Large diameter barrel, 3121B ... Small diameter barrel, 3122B ... Recess, 3123B ... Recess for seal attachment 3124B ... insertion hole, 313B ... spring receiver, 314B ... O-ring, 315B ... socket guide pin 3C ... cleaning tool, 30C ... tool body, 300C ... housing, 3000C ... mounting piece, 3001C ... inner flange, 301C ... Lid, 3010C ... collar, 302C ... for holder guidance Pin, 303C ... spring, 304C ... O-ring, 31C ... aspirator holder, 310C ... first holder element, 3100C ... inner hole, 3101C ... inner flange, 3102C ... spring receiving hole, 3103C ... recessed hole, 3104C ... seal mounting use recess, 311C ... second holder element, 3110C ... diameter of the body portion, the body portion of the 3111 c ... large diameter, 3112C ... body portion of the intermediate diameter, 3112C _1, 3112C ₂ ... space, 3119C ₁ ... base, 3119C ₂ ... rib , 3113C ... partition wall, 3114C ... screw hole, 3115C ... first air suction passage, 3116C ... hole, 3117C ... second air suction passage, 3118C ₁ ... first convex portion, 3118C ₂ ... second convex portion, 320C ... air Introducing section, 321C ... Air outlet section, 322C ... Air suction section, 32C ... Air suction device, 33C ... Plug body, 05C: Seal mounting recess, 306C ... O-ring 4 ... Processing tool 4A ... Tool body, 40A ... Body, 400A ... First recess, 401A ... Screw hole, 402A ... Second recess, 403A ... Third recess, 404A ... Tapered portion, 405A ... mating surface, 406A ... abutment surface, 41A ... collar 4B ... grinding wheel, 40B ... grinding wheel 5 ... tool gripping device, 5A ... piston rod, 5B ... locking claw, 5C ... wedge-shaped member, 5D ... pusher, 5E ... spring, 5F ... spring receiver 7 ... positioning mechanism 7A ... pull-stat bolt, 70A ... large diameter barrel, 71A ... small diameter barrel, 710A ... screw hole, 72A ... collar, 720A ... taper surface 73A ... Recess 7B ... Ball plunger, 70B ... Ball, 71B ... Spring 10 ... Multi-tasking machine 20 ... Processing machine body 100 ... Work support drive unit , 101 ... spindle head base, 102 ... spindle head slide guide, 103 ... spindle head, 104 ... spindle drive motor, 105 ... spindle 200 ... tool drive spindle unit, 203 ... tool drive spindle motor 301 ... X-axis stage 1000 ... bed W ... Work a, b ... Space

Claims (6)

A holder body;
A holder socket which is arranged via an elastic body so as to be operable around three axial directions orthogonal to the holder main body and axes along these axial directions and detachably holds a processing tool; A tool holder characterized by that.   The said holder socket has a positioning mechanism which positions the said processing tool, The said positioning mechanism includes the latching member which draws and latches the said processing tool on the opposite side to the processing tool attachment / detachment side. Tool holder.   The positioning mechanism includes a tool coupling member having a tapered surface that receives a pulling force that is pulled from the locking member to the side opposite to the processing tool attaching / detaching side of the holder socket when the processing tool is positioned. The tool holder according to claim 2 attached to said processing tool.   The tool holder according to claim 3, wherein the tool connecting member is formed by a pull-stat bolt, and the locking member is formed by a ball plunger.   The tool holder according to claim 1, wherein the holder socket has a tapered recess that can be fitted to a distal end portion of the processing tool. Tool exchange for exchanging a spindle-side machining tool that is detachably held on a tool mounting surface of a tool drive spindle in a machine tool and a magazine-side machining tool that is detachably held in a tool magazine via a tool holder A device,
The tool holder is
A holder body;
A holder socket which is arranged via an elastic body so as to be operable around three axial directions orthogonal to the holder main body and axes along these axial directions and detachably holds a processing tool; A tool changer characterized by that.

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