JP2009288694A - Musical sound synthesizer, musical sound synthesis system, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To synthesize musical sound corresponding to different reeds with a smaller amount of an arithmetic operation. <P>SOLUTION: A musical sound synthesis system 100A includes a musical sound synthesizer 10 and a resonance tube 24 for a natural musical instrument. In a base end part 244 of the resonance tube 24, a sound emitting body 72 for emitting a sound wave according to an output wave pressure POUT(t) inside the resonance tube 24, and a sound receiving body 74 for detecting a pressure PIN(t) of a reflected wave reflecting on an open end (bell) 242 of the resonance tube 24 and reaching the base end part 244 are installed. The musical sound synthesizer 10 calculates the output wave pressure POUT(t) imparted inside the resonance tube of a wind instrument by simulating movements of a reed and a mouthpiece for the wind instrument through the use of the reflected wave pressure PIN(t). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for synthesizing musical sounds of wind instruments.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a physical model type musical sound synthesizer (physical model sound source) that synthesizes musical sounds by simulating the principle of musical instrument pronunciation has been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration (hereinafter referred to as “configuration A”) in which both a pressure wave applied by a wind instrument lead and a propagation of a pressure wave in the tube are simulated by an arithmetic circuit (hereinafter referred to as “configuration A”). There has been proposed a configuration (hereinafter referred to as “configuration B”) in which propagation of a pressure wave in a tubular body is simulated by an arithmetic circuit using a signal (for example, a pressure wave signal) detected during blowing from a mouthpiece.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-167981

  However, in the configuration A, since the behavior of the whole wind instrument including the tube and the lead is simulated by calculation, there is a problem that a huge amount of calculation is required for synthesis of musical sounds. In actual wind instrument performance, various expressions can be realized by changing the type (characteristic) of the lead. However, in the configuration B, the actual wind instrument lead is used for synthesizing the musical tone. In order to realize the difference in expression according to the type, a complicated work of actually exchanging the leads is required. In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to synthesize musical sounds corresponding to a desired lead with a small amount of calculation.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a musical tone synthesizer according to the present invention is a device for synthesizing a musical tone of a wind instrument, and an emitted wave applied to the inside of the wind instrument tube by simulating the lead of the wind instrument. A sounding simulation means for calculating the pressure and a sound emitting body that radiates a sound wave corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure into the tube of the wind instrument. In the present invention, since the sound wave corresponding to the output wave pressure calculated by the sound generation simulation means simulating the lead is radiated inside the tube of the actual wind instrument, there are actually no plural types of leads. However, it is possible to synthesize musical sounds corresponding to different leads. In addition, since the actual wind instrument tube is used to emit sound waves, the amount of calculation is reduced compared to a configuration in which the entire behavior of the wind instrument including the tube is simulated.

  The musical tone synthesizer according to a preferred aspect of the present invention includes a sound receiving body that detects a reflected wave pressure inside a tubular body, and the sound generation simulation means calculates an outgoing wave pressure corresponding to the reflected wave pressure. In the above embodiment, since the reflected wave pressure inside the tube is reflected in the calculation by the sound generation simulation means (that is, the action of the reflected wave is simulated), a musical sound that is sufficiently approximate to the actual musical tone of a wind instrument is synthesized. Is possible.

  The musical tone synthesizer according to a preferred aspect of the present invention includes first storage means for storing a variable for each of a plurality of types of leads, and the pronunciation simulation means stores a first for a lead selected from the plurality of types of leads. The outgoing wave pressure is calculated by calculation using the variable stored in the means. According to the above aspect, it is possible to synthesize a variety of musical sounds corresponding to each of a plurality of types of leads having different characteristics and forms (dimensions and shapes).

  The musical tone synthesizer according to a preferred aspect of the present invention is a first control unit (for example, the first control unit 341 in FIG. 9) that continuously changes a variable related to a lead from a numerical value of one lead to a numerical value of another lead. The sound generation simulation means calculates the outgoing wave pressure by calculation using the variable after the control by the first control means. In the above aspect, since the variables related to the lead change continuously, various expressions can be made in which the characteristics and form (dimensions and shape) of the lead are continuously changed.

  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tube is a resonance tube of a wind instrument, and the sound generation simulation means simulates the lead and the mouthpiece (a part or all of the mouthpiece) from the mouthpiece to the inside of the resonance tube. The applied outgoing wave pressure is calculated, and the sound emitting body radiates a sound wave corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure into the resonance tube. In the above aspect, since the sound wave corresponding to the output wave pressure calculated by simulating both the lead and the mouthpiece is radiated inside the resonance tube of the actual wind instrument, multiple types of leads and multiple types of mice are used. Even if the piece does not actually exist, it is possible to synthesize various musical sounds corresponding to different leads and mouthpieces.

  A musical tone synthesizer according to a specific example of a mode in which the pronunciation simulation unit simulates both the lead and the mouthpiece (a mode in which an actual mouthpiece is not used for sound wave emission) stores variables for each of a plurality of types of mouthpieces The sound generation simulation means includes second storage means, and calculates the outgoing wave pressure by calculation using a variable stored in the second storage means for a mouthpiece selected from a plurality of types of mouthpieces. According to the above aspect, it is possible to synthesize various musical sounds corresponding to each of a plurality of types of mouthpieces having different characteristics and forms (sizes and shapes).

  In a further preferred aspect, the second control means (for example, the second control unit 342 in FIG. 9) for continuously changing the numerical value of the variable relating to the mouthpiece from the numerical value of one mouthpiece to the numerical value of the other mouthpiece is provided. The sound generation simulation means calculates the outgoing wave pressure by calculation using the variable after the control by the second control means. In the above aspect, since the variables relating to the mouthpiece continuously change, various expressions can be made in which the characteristics and form (dimensions and shape) of the mouthpiece are continuously changed.

  In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the tube body includes a mouthpiece and a resonance tube, and the sound generation simulation means calculates the output wave pressure applied from the lead to the inside of the mouthpiece by simulating the lead, and releases it. The sound body radiates a sound wave corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure into the mouthpiece. In the above aspect, since both the resonance tube and the mouthpiece are used for actual propagation and radiation of sound waves, the calculation for simulating the mouthpiece is unnecessary. Therefore, there is an advantage that the amount of calculation by the pronunciation simulation means is reduced as compared with the mode in which both the lead and the mouthpiece are simulated.

  The musical tone synthesizer according to a preferred aspect of the present invention is based on the result of detection by the performance detector of a performance detector that detects a wind performance of a wind instrument by a user (for example, a wind pressure or an embouchure), and a variable related to the performance of the wind. The sound generation simulation means calculates the outgoing wave pressure by calculation using the variable set by the variable setting means. According to the above aspect, there exists an advantage that the various musical sound which reflected the aspect of the wind instrument played by the user can be synthesize | combined.

  In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the pronunciation simulating means calculates the displacement of the lead by solving the equation of motion of the coupled vibration between the player's lips and the lead of the wind instrument, and calculates the outgoing wave pressure from the displacement of the lead. . In the above aspect, it is possible to synthesize a musical tone that is sufficiently approximate to the characteristics of the actual musical tone of a wind instrument as compared with the case where the effect of the lips on the lead is ignored.

  A musical tone synthesis system according to the present invention includes a musical instrument unit including a resonance tube of a wind instrument, a pronunciation simulation means for calculating an outgoing wave pressure applied to the inside of the wind instrument tube by simulating a lead of the wind instrument, And a sound emitting body that radiates sound waves corresponding to the wave pressure into the resonance tube. According to the above configuration, the same effect as the musical sound synthesizer of the present invention is realized. In addition, the specific aspect illustrated about the musical tone synthesis apparatus is similarly applied to the musical tone synthesis system of the present invention.

  The musical tone synthesizer according to the present invention is realized by hardware (electronic circuit) such as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) dedicated to each processing, and a general-purpose arithmetic processing device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a program It is also realized through collaboration with. The program according to the present invention simulates a lead of a wind instrument, thereby generating a sound generation simulation process for calculating an output wave pressure applied to the inside of the wind instrument tube, and a sound wave corresponding to the output wave pressure of the wind instrument tube. Causes the computer to execute sound emission processing that radiates inside. With the above program, the same operations and effects as the musical tone synthesizer according to the present invention are exhibited. The program of the present invention is provided to the user in a form stored in a computer-readable recording medium and installed in the computer, or is provided in a form distributed via a communication network and installed in the computer. The

<A: First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a musical tone synthesis system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The tone synthesis system 100A is a system that synthesizes the tone of a single-lead wind instrument represented by a saxophone or a clarinet. As shown in FIG. 1, the musical tone synthesis system 100 </ b> A includes a musical tone synthesis apparatus 10 and a musical instrument unit 20. The musical tone synthesizer 10 is a computer system that calculates the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) by simulating the principle of pronunciation of a wind instrument. The outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) refers to the pressure of a sound wave (hereinafter referred to as “outgoing wave”) that is applied to the inside of the wind instrument and travels toward the open end (bell) when the lead vibrates when the wind instrument is played.

  The musical instrument unit 20 is a structure in which a brass body 22 having a shape similar to that of a wind instrument mouthpiece is connected to a resonance tube 24 of an actual wind instrument (hereinafter referred to as “natural instrument”). The blowing body 22 is a substantially cylindrical member that allows the user to play by bringing their lips into contact with the mouthpiece of a natural musical instrument. As shown in FIG. 1, the space inside the ensemble 22 is divided into a space Q1 on the tip side (player side) and a space Q2 on the resonance tube 24 side. The space Q1 and the space Q2 are isolated from each other so that one state (the presence of sound waves) of the space Q1 and the space Q2 does not affect the other. The blowing body 22 is formed with a through hole (not shown) for venting air communicating from the space Q1 to the outside, and the user's breath circulates. A plurality of sound holes 26 that are opened and closed by the user (performer) are formed in the resonance tube 24. When the synthesis of the musical sound by the musical sound synthesis system 100A is started, the user holds each of the plurality of sound holes 26 at a desired pitch while holding the blowing body 22 and breathing in the same manner as when playing a natural instrument. Open or close selectively.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the tone synthesizer 10 includes an arithmetic processing device 12 and a storage device 14. The arithmetic processing device 12 (for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit)) calculates the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) by executing a program stored in the storage device 14. The storage device 14 stores a program executed by the arithmetic processing device 12 and data used by the arithmetic processing device 12. A known storage medium such as a magnetic storage device or a semiconductor storage device is arbitrarily adopted as the storage device 14.

  An input device 50 is connected to the arithmetic processing unit 12. The input device 50 is a device operated by a user for inputting an instruction to the musical tone synthesizing device 10. A known input device such as a keyboard or a mouse, or a musical instrument type input device (for example, a MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) controller) for inputting information related to the performance of a wind instrument is employed as the input device 50. A user can instruct the arithmetic processing unit 12 from the input device 50 of various variables used for synthesis of musical sounds. The input device 50 according to the present embodiment includes an operator 52 and an operator 54 that detect a user's operation. The operation element 52 and the operation element 54 are pedal-type input devices that can be operated by a user with his / her feet. Therefore, the user can arbitrarily operate the operation element 52 and the operation element 54 even while the musical instrument unit 20 is being played with both hands.

  Further, the performance detection unit 60 is connected to the arithmetic processing unit 12 through the processing unit 162, and the sound wave sending / receiving unit 70 is connected through the processing unit 164. The performance detector 60 is a means for detecting the manner (how) of the performance by the user, and includes a wind pressure detector 62 and an embouchure detector 64 arranged in the space Q 1 of the wind drum 22. The blowing pressure detector 62 is a pressure sensor that detects a pressure (that is, a blowing pressure) P applied in the space Q1 when the user plays the musical instrument unit 20. On the other hand, the embouchure detection body 64 is a sensor that detects a plurality of variables (hereinafter collectively referred to as “embouchure”) E relating to how the user plays the playing body 22. The blowing pressure P detected by the blowing pressure detector 62 and the embouchure E detected by the embouchure detector 64 are supplied to the arithmetic processing unit 12 after being amplified by the processing unit 162 and converted into a digital format. The specific contents of embouchure E will be described later.

  The sound wave transmitting / receiving unit 70 is a means for transmitting and receiving sound waves at the base end 244 on the side opposite to the open end (bell) 242 (on the side of the playing body 22) of the resonance tube 24, and the sound emitting body 72 and the sound receiving body. 74. The sound emitting body 72 and the sound receiving body 74 are disposed in the vicinity of the proximal end portion 244 of the resonance tube 24. The outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) calculated by the arithmetic processing unit 12 is supplied to the sound emitting body 72 after being converted into an analog signal and amplified by the processing unit 164. The sound emitting body 72 radiates an outgoing wave corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) to the inside (base end 244) of the resonance tube 24. For example, a small speaker device is preferably employed as the sound emitting body 72.

  As the outgoing wave corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) is radiated into the resonance tube 24, the sound wave propagates inside the resonance tube 24 and the open end (bell) of the resonance tube 24 and the user open. Sound waves are radiated from the sound holes 26. That is, a musical sound corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) simulated by the musical sound synthesizing apparatus 10 is radiated through the resonance tube 24 of a natural instrument. The pitch of the musical sound radiated from the resonance tube 24 is adjusted according to the opening / closing of each sound hole 26 by the user, as in the case of natural instruments.

  A part of the outgoing wave radiated from the sound emitting body 72 and reaching the open end 242 is reflected as the reflected wave by being reflected at the open end 242 of the resonance tube 24 (bell portion) or the open end of each sound hole 26. Proceed in the direction. The sound receiving body 74 is a pressure sensor that detects the pressure (hereinafter referred to as “reflected wave pressure”) PIN (t) of the reflected wave that has reached the proximal end 244 of the resonance tube 24. The reflected wave pressure PIN (t) detected by the sound receiver 74 is supplied to the arithmetic processing unit 12 after being amplified by the processing unit 164 and converted into a digital format.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the arithmetic processing unit 12 functions as a variable setting unit 30 and a pronunciation simulation unit 40 by executing a program. The variable setting unit 30 sets a numerical value for each of a plurality of variables used for synthesis of musical sounds. The sound generation simulation unit 40 is a physical model sound source that calculates the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) by simulating the principle of sound generation of a wind instrument. For the calculation of the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) by the sound generation simulation unit 40, the variable set by the variable setting unit 30 and the reflected wave pressure PIN (t) detected by the sound receiving body 74 are used. As shown in FIG. 1, the pronunciation simulation unit 40 according to this embodiment includes a lead simulation unit 42 that simulates the lead of a wind instrument and a mouthpiece simulation unit 44 that simulates a mouthpiece of a wind instrument.

  FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the vicinity of the lead of the wind instrument simulated by the lead simulation unit 42. The lead MR is a long plate-like vibrating body whose base end is fixed to the mouthpiece MP. As shown in FIG. 2, the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis are assumed with the center in the width direction at the tip of the lead MR as the origin. The Z axis extends in the width direction of the lead MR. The X-axis is orthogonal to the Z-axis in the upper surface of the lead MR (the surface facing the mouthpiece MP) when no external force is applied. The Y axis is orthogonal to the X axis and the Z axis (extends in the vertical direction with respect to the lead MR).

  FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the player's lips ML in contact with the lead MR when the wind instrument is played from the Z direction. As shown in FIG. 3, the reed simulating unit 42 simulates a state in which the performer presses the lips ML against the reed MR with the teeth MT when the wind instrument is played. The lip ML contacts a section of the lead MR from the position xlip1 (leading end side of the lead MR) in the X direction to the position xlip2 (base side of the lead MR). Further, the performer's teeth MT are in contact with the section from the position xteeth1 (the leading end side of the lead MR) to the position xteeth2 (the root side of the lead MR) in the X direction on the lower surface of the lip ML, and the pressing force flip (x) Work equally.

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the lead simulation unit 42. The variables set by the variable setting unit 30 are listed on the left side of FIG. The meaning of each variable is described below.

First, variables (Stiff (x), breed (x), A (x), μreed (x), ρreed) related to the lead MR will be described. Stiff (x) is the bending stiffness [N · m ² ] of the lead MR at the position x in the X direction. The bending stiffness Stiff (x) corresponds to a product of the Young's modulus Ereed [Pa] of the lead MR and the sectional moment of inertia I (x) [m ⁴ ] of the lead MR at the position x. As shown in FIG. 2, breed (x) is the lateral width (dimension in the Z direction) [m] of the lead MR at the position x, and A (x) is the cross-sectional area (position x of the lead MR at the position x). The area in the YZ plane that passes through) [m ² ]. Further, μreed (x) in FIG. 2 is a distribution [(kg / sec) / m] of the internal resistance of the lead MR, and ρreed is a density [kg / m ³ ] of the lead MR.

Next, parameters (klip (x), dlip (x), μlip (x), mlip (x)) related to the lips ML will be described. klip (x) is a spring constant distribution [N / m ² ] in the X direction of the lips ML (for example, a spring constant per unit length in the X direction). dlip (x) is the dimension (thickness) [m] in the Y direction of the lip ML at the position x when no external force is applied. μlip (x) is a distribution [(kg / sec) / m] of the internal resistance of the lip ML at the position x. mlip (x) is a mass distribution [kg / m] (for example, mass per unit length in the X direction) of the lips ML in the X direction.

Ρair in FIG. 4 is the air density [kg / m ³ ] at room temperature (for example, 25 ° C.). As shown in FIG. 2, H (x) is a position in the Y direction (hereinafter referred to as “facing position”) of the surface of the mouthpiece MP that faces the lead MR. When the displacement y (x, t) in the Y direction of the lead MR reaches the facing position H (x), the upper surface of the lead MR comes into contact with the mouthpiece MP, and the facing position H (x) is the limit value of the displacement of the lead MR. (Lower limit value). Zc is a characteristic impedance against air flow at the start point (the root of the lead MR) of the portion of the mouthpiece MP that can be regarded as a tubular body.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the lead simulation unit 42 includes a first calculation unit 421, a second calculation unit 422, a third calculation unit 423, and a fourth calculation unit 424. The first calculation unit 421 performs the displacement y0 (xf) of the lead MR and the displacement yb () of the bottom surface of the lip ML when the pressing force flip (xf) is statically applied to the position xf in the X direction on the lip ML and balanced. xf) is calculated. The second calculation unit 422 uses the displacement y0 (xf) and the displacement yb (xf) calculated by the first calculation unit 421 as the initial values of the displacements of the bottom surfaces of the lead MR and the lips ML (numerical values at t = 0) and the lips ML. By solving the equation of motion of the coupled vibration with the lead MR, the displacement y (x, t) in the Y direction at the time t at each position x of the lead MR in the X direction is calculated. The third calculator 423 and the fourth calculator 424 calculate the outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t) generated at the lead MR based on the displacement y (x, t) of the lead MR. Details of the processing by the lead simulation unit 42 will be described below.

As shown in FIG. 3, a state is assumed in which a pressing force flip (xf) is applied from the tooth MT to the position xf (xteeth1 ≦ xf ≦ xteeth2) of the performer's lip ML. Assuming that the lead MR is deformed by the distance d1 in the Y direction and the lip ML is deformed by the distance d2 in the Y direction by the action of the pressing force flip (xf), the elastic force R1 acting on the lips ML from the lead MR and the lips ML The elastic force R2 acting on the lead MR is expressed by the following equations including the bending rigidity Stiff (xf) of the lead MR and the spring constant klip (xf) of the lip ML. In practice, the upper surface of the lip ML is in contact with the lower surface of the lead MR, but in FIG. 3, it is simplified so that the upper surface of the lip ML is positioned on the upper surface of the lead MR.

From the balance of forces at the contact point (position xf) between the lead MR and the lip ML,
R1-R2 = 0
From the balance of forces at the contact point (position xf) between the lip ML and the tooth MT,
flip (xf) = R2
Is established. Also, from the relationship between deformation and displacement of the lead MR,
d1 = y0 (xf)
From the relationship between deformation and displacement of the lip ML,
d2 = {yb (xf) -dlip (xf)}-y0 (xf)
Is established.

The following equations of motion A1 and equation of motion A2 are derived from the above equations.

  4 substitutes the bending stiffness Stiff (xf), the pressing force flip (xf), the spring constant klip (xf), and the thickness dlip (xf) set by the variable setting unit 30. The displacement yb (xf) of the bottom surface of the lip ML and the displacement y0 (xf) of the lead MR are calculated by solving simultaneous equations of the equation A1 and the equation of motion A2. More specifically, the first calculation unit 421 calculates the displacement y0 (xf) of the lead MR from the equation of motion A1 using a difference equation formula, Gaussian elimination method, and the like, and uses the displacement y0 (xf) as the equation of motion. By substituting for A2, the displacement yb (xf) of the lip ML is calculated. The calculation of the displacement y0 (xf) and the displacement yb (xf) by the first calculation unit 421 is executed every time the pressing force flip (x) changes.

The dynamic characteristic when the lip ML and the reed MR are vibrated in combination by playing the wind instrument by the performer is expressed by the following equation of motion B.

  The second calculation unit 422 sets the displacement y0 (xf) calculated by the first calculation unit 421 to the initial value of the displacement y (x, t) of the lead MR in the equation of motion B, and the first calculation unit 421 calculates The displacement y (x, t) of the lead MR is calculated by substituting the displacement yb (xf) into the displacement yb (x) of the lip ML in the equation of motion B and solving the equation of motion B. The right side of the equation of motion B corresponds to the external force fex (x) acting on the position x of the lead MR in the X direction. First, the second calculation unit 422 first sets each parameter (breed (x), P, klip (x), dlip (x)) set by the variable setting unit 30 and the pressure p () calculated by the fourth calculation unit 424. t) is substituted into the right side of the equation of motion B, and the displacement y0 (xf) and the displacement yb (xf) calculated by the first calculation unit 421 are used as the displacement y (x, t) and the displacement on the right side of the equation of motion B. The external force fex (x) is calculated by substituting it as the initial value of yb (x). The pressure p (t) means the pressure in the space between the lead MR and the mouthpiece MP in the vicinity of the tip of the lead MR (hereinafter referred to as “directly above the lead”). The calculation of the pressure p (t) by the fourth calculation unit 424 will be described later.

  Second, the second calculation unit 422 exercises each parameter (mlip (x), A (x), μlip (x), μreed (x), Stiff (x), ρreed) set by the variable setting unit 30. The displacement y (x, t) of the lead MR is calculated by substituting into the left side of the equation B and setting the previously calculated external force fex (x) on the right side of the equation of motion B. A specific method for solving the equation of motion B is illustrated below. Note that the same method as described below is also used for calculating the displacement y0 (x) by the first calculation unit 421 (solution of the equation of motion A1).

The second term on the left side of the equation of motion B is transformed as follows.

Therefore, the equation of motion B is transformed into the following equation B1.

また、図５に示すように、相互に等しい間隔Δｘをあけて分布するようにＸ方向における位置ｘを離散化する。すなわち、位置ｘを整数ｎと所定値Δｘとの乗算値として離散化（ｘ＝ｎ・Δｘ）したうえで、位置微分を以下の差分に置換する。

なお、以上におけるｙ(n,i)は、ｙ(n・Δx，i・Δt)を略記した記号である。 Next, the time t is discretized as a product of the integer i and a predetermined value Δt (t = i · Δt), and the time derivative is replaced with the following difference.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the position x in the X direction is discretized so as to be distributed with an equal interval Δx. That is, the position x is discretized as a product of an integer n and a predetermined value Δx (x = n · Δx), and the position differential is replaced with the following difference.

In the above, y (n, i) is a symbol that abbreviates y (n · Δx, i · Δt).

ただし、式Ｂ2においては各項が以下のように置換されている。

また、式Ｂ2の各文字に付加された記号(n，i)は(n・Δx，i・Δt)の略記である。 Therefore, the equation B1 is expressed as a difference equation as the following equation B2.

However, in the formula B2, each term is substituted as follows.

The symbol (n, i) added to each character of the formula B2 is an abbreviation for (n · Δx, i · Δt).

Next, an equation in which the second item to the fourth item on the left side in Expression B2 are multiplied by 1/2, and i in Expression B2 are replaced with (i + 1), and then the second item to the fourth item on the left side. By adding the equation multiplied by 1/2, an equation B3 that approximates the equation B2 is derived.

ただし、式Ｂ4においては各項が以下のように置換されている。

When the terms of equation B3 are arranged and transformed for each type of variable y, the following equation B4 is derived.

However, in the formula B4, each term is substituted as follows.

さらに、式Ｂ4_1と式Ｂ4_2を加算することで以下の式Ｂ4_3が導出され、式Ｂ4_3の３倍から式Ｂ4_2を減算することで以下の式Ｂ4_4が導出される。
０・ｙ(0,i)＋ｙ(1,i)−２ｙ(2,i)＋ｙ(3,i)＝０ ……Ｂ4_3
ｙ(0,i)＋０・ｙ(1,i)−３ｙ(2,i)＋２ｙ(3,i)＝０ ……Ｂ4_4 As shown in FIG. 5, if the lead MR is fixed to the mouthpiece MP at the position N, y (N, i) and y (N + 1, i) become zero at an arbitrary time point i. . Further, as shown in FIG. 5, at the tip of the lead MR where no external force acts (n = 0), acceleration (∂ ² y (0, i) / ∂x ² ) and shear force (力³ y (0, i ) / ∂x ³ ) becomes zero, so the following equations B4_1 and B4_2 are established.

Further, the following expression B4_3 is derived by adding the expressions B4_1 and B4_2, and the following expression B4_4 is derived by subtracting the expression B4_2 from three times the expression B4_3.
0 · y (0, i) + y (1, i) -2y (2, i) + y (3, i) = 0 …… B4_3
y (0, i) + 0 · y (1, i) -3y (2, i) + 2y (3, i) = 0 …… B4_4

ｎ＝３〜Ｎ−１を同様に式Ｂ4に代入して導出される式と前述の式Ｂ4_3および式Ｂ4_4とから以下の式Ｂ5が導出される。

Further, substituting 2 for n in the expression B4 yields the following expression B4_5.

Similarly, the following formula B5 is derived from the formula derived by substituting n = 3 to N-1 into formula B4 and the formula B4_3 and formula B4_4 described above.

  The second computing unit 422 solves the equation B5 using the calculation results (y0 (xf), yb (xf)) by the first computing unit 421 as the initial values of the displacement y (x, y) and the displacement yb (x). To calculate the displacement y (x, t) of the lead MR. Then, displacements y (0, i) to y (N-1, i) at time point i and displacements y (2, i-1) to y (N-1, i-1) at time point (i-1). ) Is substituted and equation B5 is solved to calculate the displacement y (0, i + 1) to y (N-1, i + 1) at time (i + 1). The second calculation unit 422 calculates the change over time of the displacement y (x, t) at each position x of the lead MR.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the second calculation unit 422 includes a range limiting unit 43 that limits the displacement y (x, t) of the lead MR within a predetermined range. The range limiting unit 43 uses the displacement y (x, t) of the lead MR calculated from the formula B5 as the displacement yb (xf) of the lip ML calculated by the first calculation unit 421 (the tooth MT of the lip ML contacts. The range from the bottom surface position) to the facing position H (x) set by the variable setting unit 30 is limited. According to the above configuration, an absurd situation in which the lead MR is located below the bottom surface of the lip ML or above the mouthpiece MP is avoided.

  4, each variable (H (x), ρair, breed (x), Zc) set by the variable setting unit 30 and the displacement y (x, t) calculated by the second calculation unit 422 are used. Based on the above, the volume flow velocity f (t) immediately above the lead is calculated. More specifically, the third calculation unit 423 is configured such that the volume flow velocity U (t) generated due to the pressure difference between the upper surface and the lower surface of the lead MR, and each portion of the lead MR is displaced (y (x, t)). Then, the difference value from the volume flow velocity u (t) generated is calculated as the volume flow velocity f (t) immediately above the lead (f (t) = U (t) −u (t)).

第３演算部４２３は、リードＭRの横幅ｂreed(x)と変位ｙ(x,t)の時間微分（すなわちリードＭRの速度）とを式Ｃ1に代入してSimpson法などの数値積分を実行することで体積流速ｕ(t)を算定する。 The volume flow velocity u (t) is expressed by the following equation C1. Note that leff in the formula C1 is the distance from the tip of the lead MR to the fulcrum (effective length of the lead MR).

The third calculation unit 423 executes numerical integration such as the Simpson method by substituting the lateral width breed (x) of the lead MR and the time derivative of the displacement y (x, t) (that is, the speed of the lead MR) into the formula C1. Thus, the volume flow velocity u (t) is calculated.

  The volume flow velocity U (t) is calculated by the following procedure. First, the third calculation unit 423 calculates a distance ξ (t) [m] between the mouthpiece MP and the lead MR at the tip of the lead MR. The interval ξ (t) is determined by the displacement y (0, t) at the leading end (x = 0) of the lead MR and the leading end of the lead MR (x = 0) of the displacement y (x, t) of the lead MR calculated by the second calculating unit 422. It is calculated as a difference value (ξ (t) = y (0, t) −H (0)) from the facing position H (0) at x = 0).

式Ｃ2のＲ(t)は、リードＭRの先端における横幅ｂreed(0)と間隔ξ(t)との相対比（Ｒ(t)＝ｂreed(0)／ξ(t)）である。第３演算部４２３は、変数設定部３０が設定したリードＭRの横幅ｂreed(0)および空気の密度ρairと相対比Ｒ(t)とを式Ｃ2に代入することで有効質量Ｍ(t)を算定する。 Next, the third calculation unit 423 calculates the effective mass M (t) [kg] of the air passing through the gap between the mouthpiece MP and the lead MR at the tip of the lead MR. The effective mass M (t) is expressed by the following formula C2.

R (t) in Expression C2 is a relative ratio (R (t) = breed (0) / ξ (t)) between the lateral width breed (0) and the interval ξ (t) at the tip of the lead MR. The third calculation unit 423 substitutes the effective width M (t) by substituting the lateral width breed (0) of the lead MR and the air density ρair and the relative ratio R (t) set by the variable setting unit 30 into the formula C2. Calculate.

式Ｃ3のＡは、所定の係数（例えばＡ＝0.0797）である。第３演算部４２３は、図４に示すように、体積流速Ｕ(t)と体積流速ｕ(t)との差分値を体積流速ｆ(t)として算定する。 The following formula C3 is established for the effective mass M (t) and the volume flow velocity U (t). The third calculation unit 423 calculates the volume flow velocity U (t) by solving the formula C3.

A in the formula C3 is a predetermined coefficient (for example, A = 0.0797). As shown in FIG. 4, the third calculation unit 423 calculates a difference value between the volume flow velocity U (t) and the volume flow velocity u (t) as the volume flow velocity f (t).

4 calculates the outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t) and the sound pressure p (t) immediately above the lead. The outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t) is the pressure of the outgoing wave traveling from the lead MR to the inside of the mouthpiece MP, and the reflected wave pressure PIN (0, t) acting on the lead MR from the mouthpiece MP and the volume flow velocity. This corresponds to addition with the pressure caused by f (t). The reflected wave pressure PIN (0, t) is calculated by the mouthpiece simulation unit 44 using the reflected wave pressure PIN (t) detected by the sound receiving body 74. The pressure resulting from the volume flow velocity f (t) is a product of the volume flow velocity f (t) and the characteristic impedance Zc. Therefore, the outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t) is expressed by the following equation D1.
POUT (0, t) = Zc · f (t) + PIN (0, t) ...... D1
The fourth calculation unit 424 includes the characteristic impedance Zc set by the variable setting unit 30, the volume flow velocity f (t) calculated by the third calculation unit 423, and the reflected wave pressure PIN (0, t) calculated by the mouthpiece simulation unit 44. Is substituted into the equation D1, and the outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t) is calculated.

Further, since the outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t) and the reflected wave pressure PIN (0, t) act directly on the lead, the pressure p (t) immediately above the lead is expressed by the following equation D2. .
p (t) = POUT (0, t) + PIN (0, t) ...... D2
The fourth calculation unit 424 substitutes the reflected wave pressure POUT (0, t) calculated based on the formula D1 and the reflected wave pressure PIN (0, t) calculated by the mouthpiece simulation unit 44 into the formula D2. Calculate the pressure p (t). The pressure p (t) calculated by the fourth calculation unit 424 is calculated by calculating the external force fex (x) by the second calculation unit 422 (formula B) or by calculating the volume flow velocity U (t) by the third calculation unit 423 (formula C3). The above is the specific configuration of the pronunciation simulation unit 40.

  Next, the mouthpiece simulation unit 44 will be described. As shown in FIG. 6, the mouthpiece of a natural musical instrument is approximated by a structure in which k tubular unit parts U (U [1] to U [k]) are connected in series (k is a natural number). The shape (inner diameter and axial length) of each unit portion U is individually set for each unit portion U. The mouthpiece simulation unit 44 realizes the behavior of sound waves inside the mouthpiece MP using a physical model that simulates the structure of FIG.

  FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the mouthpiece simulation unit 44. The mouthpiece simulation unit 44 includes a delay element DA (DA [1] to DA [k]) arranged for each unit part U and a delay element DB (DB [1] to DB [] arranged for each unit part U. k]) and a connecting portion J (J [1] to J [k-1]) disposed between adjacent delay elements DA and between adjacent delay elements DB.

  The outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t) calculated by the lead simulation unit 42 (fourth calculation unit 424) is supplied to the first-stage delay element DA [1]. The i-th stage (i = 1 to k) delay element DA [i] delays the outgoing wave pressure POUT (i−1, t) supplied from the previous stage by a delay amount dA [i]. Simulate the propagation delay of the outgoing wave pressure POUT (i, t) at U [i]. The outgoing wave pressure POUT (k, t) processed by the kth delay element DA [k] is supplied to the sound emitting body 72 as the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t).

  The reflected wave pressure PIN (t) detected by the sound receiver 74 is supplied to the kth delay element DB [k] as the initial value PIN (k, t) after being processed by the processing unit 164. The i-th delay element DB [i] delays the reflected wave pressure PIN (i, t) input from the previous stage (delay element DB [k] side) by a delay amount dB [i]. Simulate the propagation delay of the reflected wave pressure PIN (i, t) at U [i]. The reflected wave pressure PIN (0, t) processed by the first delay element DB [1] is used for calculation in the lead simulation unit 42 (fourth calculation unit 424).

  The connection portion (junction) J simulates the diffusion of the outgoing wave and the reflected wave and the loss of energy caused by the change in the inner diameter of the mouthpiece MP. As shown in FIG. 8, the connecting portion J [i] of this embodiment includes a multiplying portion 441 that multiplies the output wave pressure POUT (i, t) supplied from the delay element DA [i] by a coefficient αi, and a delay element. A multiplier 442 that multiplies the reflected wave pressure PIN (i + 1, t) input from DB [i + 1] by a coefficient βi, and an adder 443 that adds the output of the multiplier 441 and the output of the multiplier 442. A subtractor 444 that outputs the difference between the output from the adder 443 and the outgoing wave pressure POUT (i, t) to the delay element DB [i] as a new reflected wave output PIN (i, t), and an adder The subtractor 445 outputs the difference between the output from 443 and the reflected wave pressure PIN (i + 1, t) to the delay element DA [i + 1] as a new outgoing wave pressure POUT (i + 1, t). Composed.

  The above is the specific configuration of the pronunciation simulation unit 40. As described above, in this embodiment, the displacement y (x, t) of the lead MR is calculated based on the equation of motion B expressing the coupled vibration between the lead MR and the lip ML. The behavior of the lead MR (outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t)) is faithfully simulated as compared with the case where the mutual action is ignored. Therefore, it is possible to synthesize musical sounds with characteristics close to those of natural instruments with high accuracy.

  Next, the variable setting unit 30 in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, the variable setting unit 30 includes a first setting unit 31, a second setting unit 32, and a variable control unit 34. Schematically, the first setting unit 31 sets variables related to the characteristics and dimensions of the lip ML and the lead MR, and the second setting unit 32 sets variables related to the shape of the lead MR and the mouthpiece MP.

  FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the first setting unit 31. The first setting unit 31 converts various variables related to the physical properties of the lead MR and the lip ML into variables necessary for calculation by the pronunciation simulation unit 40. For example, the first setting unit 31 receives the characteristic impedance Zc, the spring constant distribution klip (x) of the lips ML, the internal resistance distribution μlip (x), and the internal resistance distribution μreed (x) of the lead MR. 50 is variably set according to the operation from the user.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the embouchure E detected by the embouchure detector 64 includes the lateral width (dimension in the Z direction) blip (x) [m] of the lip ML and the thickness (Y of the lip ML when no external force is applied) Dimension in direction) dlip (x) [m], force Flip (x) [N] that the performer's tooth MT presses the lip ML, and parameters regarding the position of the performer's lip ML and the tooth MT with respect to the lead MR ( xlip1, xlip2, xteeth1, xteeth2). The first setting unit 31 multiplies the product of the width blip (x) and the thickness dlip (x) by the density ρlip of the lips ML (for example, a numerical value designated by the user) to thereby distribute the mass mlip of the lips ML. (x) Calculate [kg / m]. The width blip (x) and the thickness dlip (x) are also used for calculating the spring constant klip (x) of the lips ML.

  In order to discretize each position x in the X direction as shown in FIG. 5, the first setting unit 31 obtains a position obtained by dividing the numerical value obtained by dividing the position (xlip1, xlip2) of the lip ML by the interval Δx (nlip1 , Nlip2), and a value obtained by dividing the position (xteeth1, xteeth2) of the tooth MT by the interval Δx is calculated as a post-discrete position (nteeth1, nteeth2). Further, the first setting unit 31 calculates the difference value between the position xteeth1 and the position xteeth2 as the length lteeth of the tooth MT in the X direction, and calculates the difference value between the position xlip1 and the position xlip2 as the length of the lip ML in the X direction. Calculated as llip. Then, the first setting unit 31 divides the pressing force Flip (x) by the length lteeth of the tooth MT, so that the pressing force flip (x) [N / m] acting on the unit length of the lip ML from the tooth MT. ] Is calculated (flip (x) = Flip (x) / ltheeth).

  FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the second setting unit 32 in FIG. The second setting unit 32 is instructed by a variable VP related to the shape of the mouthpiece MP and a variable VR related to the shape of the lead MR. The variable VP of the mouthpiece MP includes the length Li and the inner diameter φi of each unit U [i] dividing the mouthpiece MP (see FIG. 6). The variable VR of the lead MR includes the thickness yd (x, z) of the lead MR at the position x, the left end position zleft (x) and the right end position zright (x) of the lead MR at the position x in the Z direction. including.

  The second setting unit 32 specifies each variable used in the mouthpiece simulation unit 44 from the variable VP. More specifically, the second setting unit 32 calculates the coefficient (αi, βi) of the connection portion J [i] from the length Li and the inner diameter φi, and calculates the delay element from the length Li of the unit portion U [i]. The delay amount dA [i] of DA [i] and the delay amount dB [i] of the delay element DB [i] are calculated.

  The second setting unit 32 sets the variables (breed (x), A (x)) used by the lead simulation unit 42 from the variable VR of the lead MR. More specifically, the second setting unit 32 sets the difference value between the left end position zleft (x) of the lead MR and the right end position zright (x) of the variable VR as the lateral width breed (x) of the lead MR. Calculate (breed (x) = zright (x) −zleft (x)). Further, the second setting unit 32 integrates the thickness yd (x, z) of the lead MR over a section from the position zleft (x) of the left end portion of the lead MR to the position zright (x) of the right end portion. The cross-sectional area A (x) of the lead MR at x is calculated, and the cross-sectional secondary moment I (x) of the lead MR is calculated from the thickness yd (x, z) and the reference position yc (x) in the Y direction. .

  As shown in FIG. 1, the storage device 14 stores a variable VR individually set for each of the plurality of types of leads MR and a variable VP set individually for each of the plurality of types of mouthpieces MP. Is memorized. The user can select a desired lead MR from a plurality of types of leads MR and a desired mouthpiece MP from a plurality of types of mouthpieces MP by appropriately operating the input device 50. The second setting unit 32 obtains the variable VR of the lead MR selected by the user from the plurality of types of leads MR from the storage device 14 and uses it for calculating the lateral width breed (x) and the cross-sectional area A (x). Similarly, the second setting unit 32 acquires the variable VP of the mouthpiece MP selected by the user from the plurality of types of mouthpieces MP from the storage device 14 and obtains the coefficients (αi, βi, dA) of the mouthpiece simulation unit 44. [i], dB [i]) are used for calculation.

  The variable control unit 34 in FIG. 9 variably controls the variable VR and the variable VP used by the second setting unit 32. As shown in FIG. 9, the variable control unit 34 includes a first control unit 341 and a second control unit 342. The first control unit 341 changes the variable VR of the lead MR, and the second control unit 342 changes the variable VP of the mouthpiece MP.

The user can arbitrarily select the lead MR (MR1) before the change and the lead MR (MR2) after the change according to the operation on the input device 50. On the other hand, the operator 52 of the input device 50 outputs a coefficient MA that continuously changes in accordance with the operation amount (pedal rotation angle) to the arithmetic processing device 12 (0 ≦ MA ≦ 1). The first control unit 341 calculates a new variable VR corresponding to the variable VR1 stored in the storage device 14 for the lead MR1 and the variable VR2 stored in the storage device 14 for the lead MR2 and the coefficient MA as needed. 2 Instructs the setting unit 32. For example, the following formula (1) is used to calculate the variable VR: VR = (1−MA) · VR1 + MA · VR2 (1)
Specifically, the variable VR1 and the variable VR2 in the equation (1) are the position zleft (x), the position zright (x), and the thickness yd (x, z) of the lead MR. Since the coefficient MA continuously changes according to the operation of the operator 52 by the user, the variable VR instructed from the first control unit 341 to the second setting unit 32 is the variable VR1 of the lead MR1 to the variable of the lead MR2. It changes continuously according to the coefficient MA up to VR2 (that is, the shape of the lead MR is morphed).

  Similarly, the user can select the mouthpiece MP (MP1) before the change and the mouthpiece MP (MP2) after the change from the input device 50. On the other hand, the operator 54 of the input device 50 outputs a coefficient MB that continuously changes in accordance with the operation amount (the pedal rotation angle) to the arithmetic processing device 12 (0 ≦ MB ≦ 1). Similar to the first control unit 341 (formula (1)), the second control unit 342 performs the process from the variable VP1 stored in the storage device 14 for the mouthpiece MP1 to the variable VP2 stored in the storage device 14 for the mouthpiece MP2. A new variable VP is calculated so as to change continuously according to the coefficient MB and is instructed to the second setting unit 32 (that is, the shape of the mouthpiece MP is morphed).

  As described above, in this embodiment, since the variable VR of the lead MR and the variable VP of the mouthpiece MP are variably selected, the musical sound is synthesized using the mouthpiece of the natural instrument as in the configuration B of Patent Document 1. Compared to the configuration, it is possible to easily generate various musical sounds corresponding to different types of leads MR and mouthpieces MP. Since the musical tone synthesizer 10 simulates only the lead MR and the mouthpiece MP among the wind instruments, the musical sound is compared with the configuration A of Patent Document 1 in which the entire wind instrument including the resonance tube 24 is simulated by calculation. There is an advantage that the amount of calculation by the synthesizer 10 is reduced. Furthermore, since the output destination of the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) calculated by the musical tone synthesizer 10 is the resonance tube 24 of the natural instrument, a sound wave corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) is radiated into a simple circular tube. It is possible to synthesize a natural musical sound in terms of audibility compared to the case where the sound is heard.

  In addition, since the variable VR of the lead MR and the variable VP of the mouthpiece MP are changed while the user plays the musical instrument section 20, a musical tone of an advanced performance method in which the mouthpiece and the lead are exchanged during the performance of the wind instrument is generated. Is possible. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the variable MR of the lead MR and the variable VP of the mouthpiece MP change continuously in accordance with the operation of the operating element 52 and the operating element 54, so that the shape of the lead MR and the mouthpiece MP is continuously changed. There is an advantage that a variety of expressions that cannot be achieved by playing natural instruments are realized.

<B: Second Embodiment>
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the first embodiment, the musical tone synthesizer 10 simulates the reed MR and mouthpiece MP of the wind instrument, and the natural instrument resonance tube 24 is used to emit the musical sound. In this embodiment, the musical tone synthesizer 10 simulates only the lead MR, and the brass band 22 (winding instrument mouthpiece) and the resonance tube 24 are used for actual sound wave propagation and radiation. In addition, about the element which is common in 1st Embodiment in each following form, the same code | symbol as the above is attached | subjected and each detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a musical tone synthesis system 100B according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, the playing body 22 of the musical instrument unit 20 is separated into a space Q1 near the tip located on the player side and a space Q2 formed in the shape of a mouthpiece of a natural musical instrument. The blowing pressure detector 62 and the embouchure detector 64 of the performance detector 60 are arranged in the space Q1 as in the first embodiment.

  On the other hand, the sound emitting body 72 and the sound receiving body 74 of the sound wave transmitting / receiving unit 70 are arranged in the space Q2. Therefore, the sound wave radiated from the sound emitting body 72 according to the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) flows into the resonance tube 24 after passing through the space Q2 (wind instrument mouthpiece). That is, the characteristics of both the resonance tube 24 and the blowing body 22 (mouthpiece) are imparted to the musical sound radiated to the outside from the open end 242 of the resonance tube 24 and the sound holes 26 opened by the user. On the other hand, the reflected wave that is reflected at the open end (bell) 242 of the resonance tube 24 or the open end of each sound hole 26 and arrives at the base end portion 244 of the resonance tube 24 passes through the space Q2 and then reaches the sound receiving body 74. To reach. Therefore, the reflected wave pressure PIN (t) detected by the sound receiving body 74 is given the characteristics of both the resonance tube 24 and the blowing body 22 (mouthpiece).

  As shown in FIG. 1, since the sound generation simulation unit 40 simulates only the behavior of the lead MR, the mouthpiece simulation unit 44 of the first embodiment is omitted. The output wave pressure POUT (0, t) calculated by the fourth calculation unit 424 of the lead simulation unit 42 is supplied from the processing unit 164 to the sound emitting body 72 as the output wave pressure POUT (t). The reflected wave pressure PIN (t) detected by the sound receiving body 74 is supplied as the reflected wave pressure PIN (0, t) to the fourth calculation unit 424 after being processed by the processing unit 164, and is emitted to the outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t). And is used to calculate the pressure p (t). In the variable control unit 34 of the variable setting unit 30, the second control unit 342 that controls the variable VP of the mouthpiece MP is omitted. In the storage device 14, the variable VP of the mouthpiece MP is omitted, and in the input device 50, the operation element 54 is omitted.

  As described above, the musical sound synthesizer 10 is used for simulating the lead MR, and the resonance tube 24 of a natural instrument is used for radiating the musical sound. Therefore, the same effect as that of the first embodiment is realized in this embodiment. . Furthermore, since the blowing body 22 (mouthpiece) in addition to the resonance tube 24 is used for the propagation and radiation of the actual sound wave, the mouthpiece MP is excluded from the object to be simulated by the musical tone synthesizer 10, so that the lead MR and Compared with the first embodiment in which both the mouthpieces MP are simulated by calculation, there is also an advantage that the calculation amount by the tone synthesizer 10 is reduced. In addition, since the actual blowing body 22 (mouthpiece) is used, it is possible to improve the tone of the musical tone as compared with the first embodiment in which the mouthpiece MP is simulated.

<C: Third Embodiment>
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the first embodiment, the performance of the musical instrument unit 20 by the user (the playing of the playing body 22 and the operation of each sound hole 26) is reflected in the musical tone. In this embodiment, an automatic performance for synthesizing musical sounds without realizing a performance by the user is realized.

  FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a musical tone synthesis system 100C according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13, in the musical tone synthesis system 100C, the brass band 22 and the performance detector 60 (blow pressure detector 62, embouchure detector 64) exemplified in the first embodiment are omitted, and the musical instrument unit 20 is resonant. It consists only of the tube 24. The configuration in which the sound wave transmitting / receiving unit 70 (sound emitting body 72 and sound receiving body 74) is disposed in the vicinity of the base end portion 244 of the resonance tube 24 is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  A drive unit 80 is fixed to the resonance tube 24 of the musical instrument unit 20. The drive unit 80 is an actuator that individually opens and closes each of the plurality of sound holes 26 of the resonance tube 24. The driving unit 80 is supplied with opening / closing data DTH from the musical tone synthesizer 10 in time series. The open / close data DTH is data that designates opening or closing of each of the plurality of sound holes 26 of the resonance tube 24. The drive unit 80 opens each sound hole 26 whose opening / closing data DTH specifies opening, and closes each sound hole 26 whose opening / closing data DTH specifies closing.

  The storage device 14 stores a plurality of performance data D corresponding to a plurality of music pieces. The performance data D is a data string for designating the pitch fn of each musical tone constituting the musical piece and the time point when each musical tone is pronounced. For example, MIDI performance data in which event data that specifies the pitch fn as a note number and duration data that specifies the interval of sound generation are arranged in time series is adopted as the performance data D. Each pitch fn designated by the performance data D is sequentially instructed to the first setting unit 31 at the time designated by the performance data D.

  FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the first setting unit 31 in the variable setting unit 30. The setting of variables such as the characteristic impedance Zc and the spring constant distribution klip (x) of the lips ML is the same as in the first embodiment. The first setting unit 31 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of variables (blip (x), dlip (x), xteeth1, xteeth2, xlip1, xlip2, Flip (x)) constituting the embouchure E, the blowing pressure P, Variables (TH1, TH2,...) That specify opening / closing of the sound hole 26 are specified by key scale processing (symbol “KSC” in FIG. 14) using the pitch fn sequentially specified by the performance data D. To do. The key scale process is a process of specifying a numerical value corresponding to the actually designated pitch fn for each variable from a table in which the numerical value of the pitch fn is associated with the numerical value of each variable.

  The first setting unit 31 specifies the embouchure E (blip (x), dlip (x), xteeth1, xteeth2, xlip1, xlip2, Flip (x)) corresponding to the pitch fn and the first embodiment. In a similar manner, a plurality of variables (mlip (x), blip (x), dlip (x), nteeth1, nteeth2, ltheeth, nlip1, nlip2, nlip2, llip, flip (x)). Moreover, the 1st setting part 31 specifies the blowing pressure P corresponding to the pitch fn. The procedure by which the sound generation simulation unit 40 (the lead simulation unit 42 and the mouthpiece simulation unit 44) calculates the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) using the variables set by the first setting unit 31 and the second setting unit 32 is the first. This is the same as the embodiment.

  The first setting unit 31 generates, as opening / closing data DTH, a set of variables (TH1, TH2,...) That specify opening / closing of each of the plurality of sound holes 26 when playing a musical tone having a pitch fn on a wind instrument. When the drive unit 80 operates in accordance with the opening / closing data DTH, each sound hole 26 corresponding to the pitch fn specified by the performance data D is closed (or opened). Therefore, the musical sound emitted from the resonance tube 24 when the sound emitting body 72 outputs a sound wave corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) corresponds to the pitch fn specified by the performance data D.

  As described above, the musical tone synthesizer 10 is used for simulating the lead MR and the mouthpiece MP, and the resonance tube 24 is used for radiating musical tones, so that the same effect as that of the first embodiment is realized in this embodiment. The Further, the embouchure E and the wind pressure P are specified according to the pitch fn specified by the performance data D, and the driving unit 80 opens and closes the sound holes 26 corresponding to the pitch fn. Automatic performance of music that does not need to be realized. Although the present embodiment has been described above based on the first embodiment, the configuration of the second embodiment in which the simulation of the mouthpiece MP is omitted can be applied to the present embodiment. In the above embodiment, the embouchure E and the wind pressure P are specified according to the pitch fn. However, a configuration in which the embouchure E and the wind pressure P are specified by the performance data D together with the pitch fn is also suitable.

<D: Modification>
Various modifications as exemplified below can be added to the above embodiments. Two or more aspects may be arbitrarily selected from the following examples and combined.

(1) Modification 1
The method for calculating the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) (method for simulating the behavior of the lead MR) is not limited to the above example. For example, the lead simulation unit 42 in each of the above embodiments is replaced with a lead simulation unit 46 illustrated in FIG. The lead simulating unit 46 includes a subtracting unit 461, a nonlinear element 463, a multiplying unit 465, and a connecting unit 467. The connection unit 467 includes an addition unit 467A and an addition unit 467B. The adder 467A calculates the outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t). The adding unit 467B includes an outgoing wave pressure POUT (0, t) calculated by the adding unit 467A and a reflected wave pressure PIN (0, t) calculated by the mouthpiece simulation unit 44 (in the second embodiment, the processing by the processing unit 164). The pressure p inside the mouthpiece MP is calculated by adding the subsequent reflected wave pressure PIN (0, t)). The subtraction unit 461 calculates the pressure ΔP (ΔP = p−P) by subtracting the blowing pressure P detected by the blowing pressure detector 62 from the pressure p. Therefore, the pressure ΔP corresponds to the pressure acting on the lead MR. The non-linear element 463 calculates the volume flow velocity f according to the pressure ΔP calculated by the subtractor 461 and the elastic characteristics of the lead MR. The multiplier 465 calculates the sound pressure contribution Zc · f of the volume flow velocity f by multiplying the volume flow velocity f by the characteristic impedance Zc. The adding unit 467A of the connecting unit 467 adds the sound pressure contribution Zc · f calculated by the multiplying unit 465 and the reflected wave pressure PIN (0, t), and thereby the outgoing wave supplied to the mouthpiece simulating unit 44. The pressure POUT (0, t) (in the second embodiment, the outgoing wave pressure POUT (t) supplied to the processing unit 164) is calculated. According to the above configuration, there is an advantage that the configuration of the pronunciation simulation unit 40 is simplified (the amount of calculation by the calculation processing device 12 is reduced) compared to the first embodiment.

(2) Modification 2
The specific contents of the variable VR of the lead MR variably controlled by the first control unit 341 of the variable control unit 34 are appropriately changed. For example, the variable VR is not limited to variables (zleft, zright, yd (x, z)) relating to the shape of the lead MR. More specifically, a configuration in which the first control unit 341 changes the bending stiffness Stiff (x) of the lead MR and the internal resistance distribution μreed (x) as a variable VR is also suitable. Similarly, the variable VP of the mouthpiece MP controlled by the second control unit 342 is not limited to the examples (Li, φi) in the above embodiments.

(3) Modification 3
In the third embodiment, the pitch fn applied to the key scale processing is designated by the performance data D, but a configuration in which the user can arbitrarily designate the pitch fn is also suitable. For example, a configuration is adopted in which the user sequentially specifies the pitch fn by operating the input device 50 (for example, a keyboard-type input device that can specify the pitch fn). In addition, the embouchure E, the wind pressure P, the coefficient MA, and the coefficient MB are designated in time series by the performance data D so as to continuously change, and the user can specify the embouchure E, the wind pressure P, the coefficient MA, and the coefficient MB. A configuration in which can be arbitrarily designated is also suitable. As a method for the user to specify the embouchure E, the blowing pressure P, the coefficient MA, or the coefficient MB, for example, the same method as in the first embodiment is employed.

  Further, as exemplified in FIG. 16, a musical tone synthesis system 100D in which the drive unit 80 of the third embodiment is replaced with an open / close detection unit 82 is also suitable. The open / close detector 82 detects opening / closing (operation by the user) of each of the plurality of sound holes 26 of the resonance tube 24. The variable setting unit 30 specifies the pitch fn from the combination of opening and closing of the sound holes 26 detected by the opening / closing detection unit 82. The configuration in which the first setting unit 31 sets each variable (excluding variables TH1, TH2,...) From the pitch fn is the same as that of the third embodiment. According to the configuration of FIG. 16, there is an advantage that the result of the user arbitrarily changing the performance information such as the pitch is reflected in the radiated sound from the resonance tube 24.

1 is a block diagram of a musical tone synthesis system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the vicinity of the lead of the wind instrument which a lead simulation part simulates. It is a schematic diagram of the contact between the lips and the reed when the wind instrument is played. It is a block diagram of a lead simulation part. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the discretization of the position of a X direction. It is a schematic diagram of the space inside a mouthpiece. It is a block diagram of a mouthpiece simulation part. It is a block diagram of the connection part in a mouthpiece simulation part. It is a block diagram of a variable setting part. It is a block diagram of the 1st setting part in a variable setting part. It is a block diagram of the 2nd setting part in a variable setting part. It is a block diagram of a musical tone synthesis system according to a second embodiment. It is a block diagram of a musical tone synthesis system according to a third embodiment. It is a block diagram of the 1st setting part in a 3rd embodiment. It is a block diagram of the lead simulation part which concerns on a modification. It is a block diagram of the musical tone synthesis system which concerns on a modification.

Explanation of symbols

100A, 100B, 100C, 100D …… Music synthesis system, 10 …… Music synthesis device, 20 …… Musical instrument part, 22 …… Blow body, 24 …… Resonance tube, 242 …… Open end, 244 …… Base end , 26... Sound hole, 12... Processing unit, 14... Storage device, 30... Variable setting unit, 31... First setting unit, 32. 341... First control unit 342... Second control unit 40... Pronunciation simulation unit 42... Lead simulation unit 44. Mouthpiece simulation unit 50. 54..Operator, 60..Performance detector, 62..Blowing pressure detector, 64.Ambushure detector, 70.Sound wave transmitter, 72.Sound emitting body, 74.Sound receiver.

Claims (12)

A device for synthesizing the sound of wind instruments,
By simulating the lead of the wind instrument, sounding simulation means for calculating the outgoing wave pressure applied to the inside of the tube of the wind instrument,
A musical sound synthesizer comprising: a sound emitting body that radiates sound waves according to the outgoing wave pressure into the tube of the wind instrument. Comprising a sound receiver for detecting the reflected wave pressure inside the tube;
The musical tone synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein the sound generation simulation means calculates the outgoing wave pressure according to the reflected wave pressure. First storage means for storing variables for each of the plurality of types of leads;
The musical tone synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein the sound generation simulation unit calculates the outgoing wave pressure by a calculation using a variable stored in the first storage unit for a lead selected from the plurality of types of leads. Comprising first control means for continuously changing a variable relating to the lead from a numerical value of one lead to a numerical value of another lead;
The musical tone synthesizer according to claim 3, wherein the sound generation simulation unit calculates the outgoing wave pressure by calculation using a variable after control by the first control unit. The tube is a resonant tube;
The pronunciation simulation means calculates the outgoing wave pressure applied from the mouthpiece to the inside of the resonance tube by simulating the lead and the mouthpiece,
The musical sound synthesizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sound emitting body radiates a sound wave corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure into the resonance tube. Second storage means for storing variables for each of the plurality of types of mouthpieces;
The musical tone synthesizer according to claim 5, wherein the sound generation simulation unit calculates the outgoing wave pressure by a calculation using a variable stored in the second storage unit for a mouthpiece selected from the plurality of types of mouthpieces. A second control means for continuously changing the numerical value of the mouthpiece variable from the numerical value of one mouthpiece to the numerical value of another mouthpiece;
The musical tone synthesizer according to claim 6, wherein the sound generation simulation unit calculates the outgoing wave pressure by calculation using a variable after control by the second control unit. The tube includes a mouthpiece and a resonance tube,
The sound generation simulation means calculates the output wave pressure applied from the lead to the mouthpiece by simulating the lead,
The musical sound synthesizer according to claim 1, wherein the sound emitting body radiates a sound wave corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure into the mouthpiece. A performance detector for detecting the manner in which the wind instrument is played by the user;
Variable setting means for variably setting a variable relating to the manner of playing according to the result of detection by the performance detector;
The musical tone synthesizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the sound generation simulation means calculates the outgoing wave pressure by a calculation using a variable set by the variable setting means. The sound generation simulation means calculates a displacement of the lead by solving an equation of motion of a coupled vibration between a player's lips and the lead of the wind instrument, and calculates the outgoing wave pressure from the displacement of the lead. The musical tone synthesizer according to claim 9. A musical instrument section including a resonance tube of a wind instrument;
By simulating the lead of the wind instrument, sounding simulation means for calculating the outgoing wave pressure applied to the inside of the tube of the wind instrument,
A musical sound synthesizing system comprising: a sound emitting body that radiates a sound wave corresponding to the outgoing wave pressure into the resonance tube. A program for synthesizing the sound of wind instruments,
By simulating the lead of the wind instrument, a sound generation simulation process for calculating an outgoing wave pressure applied to the inside of the tube of the wind instrument,
A program for causing a computer to execute sound emission processing for radiating sound waves according to the output wave pressure into the tube of the wind instrument.

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