JP2009285058A - Tool for dental implant - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tool for dental implants which imparts less damage to gums and alveolar bones and prevents wounds to maxillary sinus mucosae. <P>SOLUTION: The tool for dental implants includes a body part 15 which surrounds an alveolar bone site which is cut by a drill with respect to the alveolar bone cut to a prescribed depth by the cylindrical drill, an operational part for rotating the body part 15, and a pawl part 15c which protrudes from the inner wall side of the body part 15 and cuts into the peripheral wall of the cut alveolar bone site only in one rotating direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a dental implant tool used when implanting an implant.

  Conventionally, when a tooth is lost, a denture (bridge) using both adjacent teeth of the lost tooth and a removable denture (denture) have been performed.

  However, in the bridge, in order to make a lost tooth, it is necessary to cut both adjacent teeth, and the life of the cut tooth may be shortened due to a load from the denture.

  Moreover, in dentures, there was a pain when a hard object was bitten, or the denture moved each time it was bitten, and a comfortable feeling of use was not always obtained.

  Therefore, when a tooth is lost due to caries, periodontal disease, trauma, etc., an artificial tooth (artificial tooth root) that is required to be maintained directly on the bone, that is, a dental implant is performed so that the denture is not easily removed. Yes.

  Current implants are mainly made of pure titanium or a titanium alloy, and the shape of the implants, such as a screw shape or a cylinder shape, is provided that becomes narrower as it goes forward, such as a tooth root.

  In addition, the implant surface has a rough surface structure, making it easy to obtain bone connectivity (osseointegration). Various improvements such as coating of the implant surface with hydroxyapatite are available. Has been done.

  On the other hand, in the vicinity of the upper back tooth or the like, there is a large cavity called a sinus at the upper root of the tooth root, and if the tooth under the cavity is lost, the alveolar bone may be absorbed.

  Thereby, the height (thickness) of the alveolar bone is insufficient, and it becomes impossible to ensure the depth for embedding the implant.

  Therefore, when the depth cannot be secured due to such resorption of the alveolar bone, after the artificial bone replacement material (implanted bone) is inserted (filled) into the maxillary sinus, the height of the alveolar bone is secured. Implanting an implant.

  Further, as a method for inserting artificial bone replenishment material, a sinus lift method and a socket lift method are known (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  In the sinus lift method, the alveolar bone is exposed by incising the gingiva corresponding to the side wall bone of the maxillary sinus with a scalpel, etc., a bone window is opened on the exposed side surface of the alveolar bone, and the maxillary sinus mucosa at the bottom of the maxillary sinus is opened from the bone window. Fist up to secure space, insert bone graft into this space, cover the outside with maxillary sinus mucosa, suture gingiva and leave it for about 6 months, wait for bone formation and implant To do.

  In the socket lift method, the alveolar bone is exposed by incising the gingiva corresponding to the bottom wall bone of the maxillary sinus with a scalpel or the like, and the exposed alveolar bone bottom is left with a thickness of about 1 mm using a drill, The bone is removed by striking with a special instrument (osteotome), and the alveolar bone is pushed up by using the special instrument to raise the maxillary sinus mucosa, to insert the bone graft material, and to implant the implant.

  In addition, the sinus lift method includes a method of implanting secondary implants after engraftment of transplanted bone and a method of implanting implants simultaneously with bone transplantation.

  The method of implanting implants at the same time as bone grafting has the advantage of shortening the period until the superstructure is mounted and reducing the number of operations and reducing the burden on the patient, but the success rate of the implant is inferior. The problem was that it was difficult to implant the implant.

On the other hand, in the case of the method of implanting after completion of bone augmentation, although the period from bone implantation to implant implantation is as long as 7 to 8 months, a success rate of about 100% can be obtained. .
http://www.kiwakai.or.jp/implant/words/13.htm http://www.kiwakai.or.jp/implant/words/12.htm

  However, in the sinus lift method described above, when the gingiva is incised to expose the alveolar bone, the gingival peeling area is wide and the open area of the alveolar bone is also wide, so that the damage to the gingiva and the alveolar bone is large. In addition to the time required for recovery, the maxillary sinus mucosa is easily damaged when the alveolar bone is cut when the alveolar bone is formed in the alveolar bone. When securing, there were problems such as difficulty in peeling because the mucous membrane was thin.

  Moreover, in the socket lift method, when the alveolar bone is cut by leaving a thickness of about 1 mm using a drill on the bottom surface of the alveolar bone, the alveolar bone must be left with a sensory operation that is difficult to visually observe, If the cutting is shallow, it will affect the surrounding alveolar bone when the bone is removed by punching with a dedicated instrument, and if the cutting is deep, the maxillary sinus mucosa may be damaged.

  Further, if the maxillary sinus mucosa is broken and the implant body perforates the maxillary sinus, maxillary sinusitis may occur.

  Therefore, in view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a dental implant tool capable of suppressing damage to the maxillary sinus mucosa while reducing damage to the gingiva and alveolar bone.

  The dental implant tool of the present invention includes a barrel portion surrounding an alveolar bone portion cut by the drill with respect to the alveolar bone cut to a predetermined depth by a substantially cylindrical drill, and an operation unit for rotating the barrel portion. And a nail portion that protrudes from the inner wall side of the body portion and that cuts into the peripheral wall of the cut alveolar bone region only in one rotation direction.

  The claw portion includes an inclined surface that protrudes inward of the body portion and is inclined along a circumferential direction from an inner wall surface of the body portion, and a standing wall that rises at a substantially right angle from the inner wall surface of the body portion. It is preferable.

  At this time, it is preferable that the claw portion has an elastic cut-out claw shape along a circumferential direction of the body portion and a tip thereof protruding inward of the body portion.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said operation part supports the said trunk | drum via an adapter.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the operation portion is provided with a meter portion that indicates a current operation load amount when the body portion is rotated.

  Moreover, it is preferable to provide the said trunk | drum with the scale which measures the depth of the alveolar bone site | part cut | disconnected with the said drill, The window for visually observing the state of the alveolar bone site | part cut | disconnected with the said drill is formed. Is preferred.

  The dental implant tool of the present invention has little damage to the gingiva and alveolar bone and can suppress damage to the maxillary sinus mucosa.

  Next, a dental implant tool according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the vicinity of a human upper back tooth.

  As shown in FIG. 1, each human tooth T1 to T7 (only a part is shown) is composed of a root portion supported by the alveolar bone 8 and a crown portion exposed to the outside. Further, the surface of the alveolar bone 8 is covered with gingiva 9, and the maxillary sinus 10 exists above the alveolar bone 8. Further, a maxillary sinus mucosa 11 is interposed between the maxillary sinus 10 and the alveolar bone 8.

  As shown in FIG. 2, for example, when the tooth T1 is extracted, the portion where the tooth root portion of the extracted tooth T1 was present is in a state where the alveolar bone 8 is absorbed.

  In addition, the alveolar bone 8 is reduced in height by the absorption of the alveolar bone 8, and in this state, the depth for embedding the implant that replaces the extracted tooth T <b> 1 cannot be secured. At this time, there is a person (see FIG. 1) whose height is originally low as a case where the alveolar bone 8 is low. In the following description, the case where the height is reduced as a result of tooth extraction (after FIG. 2) will be described.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the alveolar bone 8 is cut using a substantially cylindrical drill 12 after a part of the gum 9 is cut with a scalpel or the like.

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, the alveolar bone 8 is cut so that a part of the vicinity of the maxillary sinus 10 remains. In addition, this residual part is prevented from damaging the maxillary sinus mucosa 11 by specifying a certain cutting depth based on the X-ray photograph of the patient and stopping the cutting when reaching the vicinity. Yes.

  The drill 12 is attached to a known treatment tool (dental handpiece) 13 as an attachment, and has a diameter (for example, the same diameter or a large diameter of about 3 to 4 mm) according to the thickness of the implant described later. Can do. As shown in FIG. 5, the drill 12 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape having a saw-shaped cutting blade 12 a at the tip, and integrally includes a mounting portion 12 b supported by the treatment tool 13. Further, it is desirable that the thickness of the drill 12 is relatively thin.

  From this state, as shown in FIG. 6, the alveolar bone 8 after cutting is separated from the peripheral portion in a state where the remaining portion is integrated with the cutting portion by using the separation tool 14 as the dental implant tool of the present invention. The

  The separation tool 14 supports the body 15 surrounding the cutting site with respect to the alveolar bone 8 cut to a predetermined depth by the drill 12, an operation unit 16 for rotating the body 15, and the body 15 supported by the operation unit 16. And an adapter 17 for performing the operation.

  The body portion 15 is attached to the operation portion 16 in an interchangeable manner in the same manner as the drill 12, and as shown in FIG. 7, a substantially cylindrical body portion 15 a and a mounting portion that engages with the adapter 17. 15b. Further, the body portion 15a is formed with a claw portion 15c that protrudes from the inner wall side of the body portion body 15a and bites into the peripheral wall of the cut portion of the alveolar bone 8 only in one rotational direction.

  The claw portion 15c includes an inclined surface 15d that protrudes inward of the body main body 15a and inclines along the circumferential direction from the inner wall surface of the body main body 15a, and a standing wall that rises substantially perpendicularly from the inner wall surface of the body main body 15a. 15e. In addition, the inclined surface 15d and the standing wall 15e are formed by an elastic cut-out claw shape that is cut and raised so that the front end protrudes inward of the trunk body 15a along the circumferential direction of the trunk body 15a. However, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of simple protrusions 15f may be formed on the inner wall surface of the trunk body 15a.

  Further, the trunk body 15a has a scale 15g for measuring the depth of the portion of the alveolar bone 8 cut by the drill 12, and a window 15h for visually checking the state of the portion of the alveolar bone 8 cut by the drill 12. And are formed.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the operation portion 16 is formed with a polygonal support hole 16 a that engages with the adapter 17, and the grip portion 16 b has a meter portion that indicates a current operation load amount when the body portion 15 is rotated. 18 is provided. As a result, the body portion 15 is inserted into the cutting site, and when the claw portion 15c is caught by the alveolar bone 8 and rotated with respect to the rotation of the body portion 15a, the operation load is recognized, thereby increasing the predetermined operation load or more. In this case, it is determined that the damage to the surrounding portion is large, and can be used for determination for performing cutting with the drill 12 again. In addition, the measurement of this operation load can use a well-known load measuring method.

  The adapter 17 is used when connecting the body portion 15 and the operation portion 16 when an existing one is used for the operation portion 16 and the tip shape of the attachment portion 15b is the same as the tip shape of the attachment portion 12b.

  Therefore, when the existing operation unit 16 is used, the adapter 17 is not required when the mounting unit 15b matches the shape of the support hole 16a.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10, the cutting site 8 a after separation of the alveolar bone 8 is pulled down to the surface side while the separation tool 14 is idling, and the cutting tool 8 a remains in the original position while being separated. After extracting only the alveolar bone 8 from the alveolar bone 8, the space 19 can be formed in the alveolar bone 8 by fisting the cutting site 8a to the maxillary sinus 10 side together with the maxillary sinus mucosa 11.

  The space 19 is filled with a bone graft material, and after a predetermined period of time (for example, 6 months), as shown in FIG. 11, a thick alveolar bone 8 integrated with a peripheral site is formed.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 12, after implant 20 is inserted into alveolar bone 8, upper prosthesis 21 is attached to implant 20 as shown in FIG. 13.

  As the implant 20 and the upper prosthesis 21, known ones are used, and the treatment after the formation of the alveolar bone 8 shown in FIG. 11 is also performed by a known procedure.

  By the way, in the above embodiment, an example in which the cutting site 8a is fisted to the maxillary sinus 10 side together with the maxillary sinus mucosa 11 has been shown. However, as shown in FIG. It is common to dent.

  Therefore, in such a case, as shown in FIG. 15, the alveolar bone 8 is cut using a substantially cylindrical drill 12 after a part of the gum 9 is cut with a scalpel or the like.

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 16, the alveolar bone 8 is cut to a depth equal to or greater than the amount of depression on the surface side.

  From this state, as shown in FIG. 17, the alveolar bone 8 after cutting is separated from the peripheral portion in a state where the remaining portion is integrated with the cutting site using the separation tool 14 as the dental implant tool of the present invention. The

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 18, a space 19 can be formed in the alveolar bone 8 by pulling down the cut site 8 a after separation of the alveolar bone 8 to the surface side while rotating with the separating tool 14. it can.

  Since the space 19 becomes a thick alveolar bone 8 integrated with the peripheral portion as shown in FIG. 11 as a result of the passage of a predetermined period (for example, 6 months), it is described above (see FIGS. 12 and 13). ) The implant 20 is placed and the upper prosthesis 21 is mounted.

  Thus, according to the dental implant tool of the present invention, the alveolar bone 8 can be cut without damaging the maxillary sinus mucosa 11 by cutting the alveolar bone 8 to an approximate depth with reference to an X-ray photograph or the like. 8 can be raised.

It is explanatory drawing of the principal part of the structure of a human tooth. It is explanatory drawing of the principal part after extraction of a human tooth. It is explanatory drawing of the principal part of a drill use condition. It is explanatory drawing of the principal part after drill extraction. (A) is a front view of a drill, (B) is a top view of a drill. It is work explanatory drawing using the tool for dental implants of this invention. An example of the tool for dental implants of this invention is shown, (A) is a front view of a trunk | drum, (B) is an enlarged plan view of a trunk | drum. The other example of the tool for dental implants of this invention is shown, (A) is a front view of a trunk | drum, (B) is an enlarged plan view of a trunk | drum. The other example of the tool for dental implants of this invention is shown, (A) is a front view of an operation part, (B) is a top view of an operation part. It is explanatory drawing of the separation and bottom raising state of an alveolar bone. It is explanatory drawing of the principal part after alveolar bone formation. It is explanatory drawing of the principal part after implant implantation. It is explanatory drawing of the principal part after an upper prosthesis installation. It is explanatory drawing of the principal part of the other state after extraction of a human tooth. It is explanatory drawing of the principal part of a drill use condition. It is explanatory drawing of the principal part after drill extraction. It is work explanatory drawing using the tool for dental implants of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the isolation | separation state of an alveolar bone.

Explanation of symbols

8 ... Alveolar bone 10 ... Maxillary sinus 12 ... Drill 13 ... Treatment tool 14 ... Separation tool (tool for dental implant)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 ... trunk | drum 15c ... nail | claw part 16 ... operation part 17 ... adapter 18 ... meter part 20 ... implant 21 ... upper prosthesis

Claims (7)

  From the alveolar bone cut by the drill with a substantially cylindrical shape to a predetermined depth, a body part surrounding the alveolar bone part cut by the drill, an operation part for rotating the body part, and an inner wall side of the body part A dental implant tool, comprising: a nail portion that protrudes into the protruding peripheral wall of the alveolar bone region only in one rotation direction.   The claw portion includes an inclined surface that protrudes inward of the body portion and inclines along a circumferential direction from an inner wall surface of the body portion, and a standing wall that rises at a substantially right angle from the inner wall surface of the body portion. The dental implant tool according to claim 1.   3. The dental implant according to claim 2, wherein the claw portion is formed in an elastic cut-away claw shape along a circumferential direction of the trunk portion and a tip thereof projecting inward of the trunk portion. Tools.   The dental operation tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the operation portion supports the body portion via an adapter.   The dental implant tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the operation portion is provided with a meter portion indicating a current operation load amount when the body portion is rotated.   The dental implant tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a scale for measuring a depth of an alveolar bone portion cut by the drill is provided on the body portion. The dental trunk according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a window for visually observing a state around an alveolar bone portion cut by the drill is formed in the body portion. tool.

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