JP2009270022A - Fish oil excellent in storage stability and producing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide fish oil prevented from deterioration due to oxidation and having excellent storage stability, and a producing method of the fish oil. <P>SOLUTION: After raising fish (lecithin-fed fish) with feed containing lecithin, oil and fat containing phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine is extracted from the lecithin-fed fish. In this way, fish oil with excellent storage stability is produced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a fish oil excellent in storage stability and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a fish oil extracted from a fish administered with lecithin and a method for producing the same.

  Fish oil is widely used for various applications because it contains abundant useful components such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are n-3 fatty acids.

  However, n-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contained in fish oil are easily oxidized and have poor storage stability. Have been developed in various ways.

For example, it is disclosed that an antioxidant fish oil obtained by adding lecithin in addition to ethoxyquin and vitamin E to refined fish oil can provide an antioxidant action to DHA oil to provide a fish oil with little deterioration (Patent Document) 1).
JP 2001-323295 A

  As described above, since n-3 fatty acids contained in fish oil are easily oxidized and have poor storage stability, development of an antioxidant method for preventing deterioration is desired.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a fish oil excellent in storage stability capable of preventing deterioration due to oxidation and a method for producing the same.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fish oil characterized by being extracted from a fish administered lecithin (hereinafter referred to as lecithin-treated fish).

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for producing fish oil, characterized in that it is produced by administering lecithin to a fish and raising it, followed by extraction from the fish.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the fish oil excellent in the storage stability which can prevent deterioration by oxidation, and its manufacturing method can be provided.

[Fish oil according to an embodiment of the present invention]
The fish oil according to the embodiment of the present invention can be produced by extracting from fish bred by administering lecithin. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a production flow of fish oil according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1. The method of administering lecithin to fish and rearing The method for administering lecithin to fish and rearing the fish will be described in order below.

(Type of lecithin)
In the embodiment of the present invention, lecithin is a simple substance such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), or a mixture of two or more. Can be used.

  These lecithins can be obtained from plants and animals, and are not particularly limited, but are derived from plant materials such as soybeans, rapeseed, flaxseed, corn, cottonseed, safflower, sesame, sunflower, safflower, etc. Is preferably used. Among these, it is preferable to use soybean-derived lecithin.

  Furthermore, enzymatically synthesized or chemically synthesized lecithin can also be used. For example, PS, PI, PA, LPE (lysophosphatidylethanolamine), LPC (LPC) prepared by hydrolysis reaction or base exchange reaction using phospholipase or chemical synthesis. High purity products such as lysophosphatidylcholine) can be used.

  The shape of lecithin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include oil, paste, powder, granule, and block.

(Lecithin dosage form)
Lecithin may be administered to fish alone or in the form of a feed. When administered as a feed, the lecithin content in the feed is preferably from 0.1 to 5 mass%, more preferably from 0.5 to 2.5 mass%.

  As the basic feed to be mixed with lecithin, commercially available feed, experimental feed, or specially formulated feed can be used. Basic feed materials include carbohydrate raw materials, protein raw materials, fat and oil raw materials, micronutrient raw materials such as minerals and minerals, various feed additives, and the like. The raw materials for carbohydrates are mainly plant-based raw materials, such as various cereals, specifically corn, milo, barley, wheat, brown rice, alfalfa meal, various plant foliage (including hay), bran and soybean hulls, etc. Alcohol (salmons), corn germ meal, beet pulp, citrus pulp, etc. are used. There are vegetable raw materials and animal raw materials as protein raw materials, vegetable oils such as soybean oil lees and rapeseed oil lees as vegetable raw materials, and fish meal and the like as animal raw materials. As the oil and fat raw material, various vegetable oils and animal fats are used. Other examples include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and salt. Moreover, you may use a vitamin, a mineral, etc. suitably.

(Lecithin administration method)
The method for administering lecithin is not particularly limited, but oral administration is preferred. The method of feeding when administered as feed is not particularly limited. For example, an appropriate amount or a prescribed amount is directly administered to fish by a human hand, or an onboard device represented by a moist pellet feeder. By feeding, automatic feeding by remote operation, feeding by automatic feeding machine using a timer or computer program, etc., and spontaneous feeding using the learning ability of fish, film, pastry, chip, etc. In this form, it is possible to fix or float in the fish breeding environment and feed it in a timely manner.

(Dose of lecithin)
The dose of lecithin varies depending on the size and type of fish to be administered, but is preferably about 1 to 250 mg / day, more preferably 5 to 125 mg / day per fish body weight (g).

(Lecithin administration period)
The administration period of lecithin is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 weeks or more, and more preferably 4 weeks or more.

(Type of fish)
The fish applicable in the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include yellowtail, Japanese flounder, tiger pufferfish, sweetfish, carp, salmon trout and the like, and are marine cultured fish or freshwater cultured fish. Also good.

2. Method for extracting fish oil from lecithin-administered fish The method for extracting fish oil from lecithin-administered fish is not particularly limited. For example, after dissecting the lecithin-administered fish on ice and removing the head and internal organs, Bligh -There is a method of extracting lipids by the Dyer method.

  Fish meat may be used as it is without removing the head and internal organs. Moreover, you may use the residue which processed fish meat.

  The method for extracting lipid is not particularly limited, but besides the Bligh-Dyer method described above, Folch method, hexane extraction, ethanol extraction, methanol extraction, ether extraction, compression, warm extraction (boiled), For example, a method of extracting by freeze-drying with a solvent or heating may be used.

3. Fish oil extracted from lecithin-treated fish The fish oil extracted from lecithin-treated fish contains, for example, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine extracted from lecithin-treated fish as a preferred embodiment.

  These phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine having a high DHA content bound to sn-1 and sn-2 positions, and phosphatidylcholine having a high EPA content bound to sn-1 and sn-2 positions. And phosphatidylethanolamine with a high EPA content bound to the sn-1 position. For example, the DHA content and EPA content are 1.5 times or more the DHA content and EPA content compared to the DHA content and EPA content of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine extracted from lecithin-untreated fish. In some cases, the DHA content and EPA content are twice or more.

  In particular, it preferably contains phosphatidylcholine having a large amount of DHA bonded to the sn-2 position and phosphatidylethanolamine having a large amount of DHA bonded to the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

  Fish oil extracted from lecithin-treated fish may be purified according to a general method.

  Fish oil extracted from lecithin-treated fish can be mixed with other fats and oils. The fats and oils to be mixed are not particularly limited. For example, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sesame oil, sesame salad oil, peanut oil, high oleic acid bean flower oil, high linoleic acid bean flower oil, high oleic sunflower oil, mid Oleic sunflower oil, high linoleic sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, grape seed oil, macadamia nut oil, hazelnut oil, pumpkin seed oil, walnut oil, coconut oil, tea seed oil, borage oil, olive oil, rice bran oil, wheat germ oil, medium chain Fatty acid-containing oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, cacao butter, oil and fat saturated by breeding, beef tallow, lard, chicken fat, milk fat, fish oil, seal oil, algal oil, etc. 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used. Furthermore, these hydrogenated fats and oils and fractionated fats and oils can also be used.

  Fish oil extracted from lecithin-treated fish may be ingested by humans and animals as it is, or in the form of foods and drinks or pharmaceuticals containing the fish oil.

[Effect of the embodiment of the present invention]
According to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a fish oil excellent in storage stability capable of preventing deterioration due to oxidation and a method for producing the same.
In addition, according to the embodiment of the present invention, unlike the type in which an antioxidant is added to and mixed with purified fish oil as in Patent Document 1, it is not necessary to add an antioxidant, and an antioxidant is added to purified fish oil. Since oxidation during mixing can be suppressed, it is highly useful.

  EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited by these Examples.

[Extraction of fats and oils (fish oil) of Examples and Comparative Examples]
Test feeds were prepared with the feed compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 below, and test fish (rainbow trout) in the test group (Example) and the control group (Comparative Example) were bred under the following test conditions. As shown in Table 3, there was no difference in body weight in each section of the test fish before and after the test.

  The soy-derived lecithin added to the feed uses Nisshin Oilio Group's trade name: Basis LP-20B, soy oil uses Nisshin Oillio Group's trade name: soy white extract oil, and fish oil uses Japan. Trade name: Feed oil (cod liver liver oil) manufactured by Scientific Feed Co., Ltd. was used.

  After breeding, the test fish was taken up and dissected on ice, and the head and internal organs were removed. Fourteen fish pieces were taken as one batch, and lipids were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method. 4 to 5 g of fat (fish oil) was obtained per batch.

<Test conditions>
Test fish: rainbow trout (average weight 2.3g / 1 fish)
Number of specimens tested: 280 total (70 x 4 administration groups) (2 administration groups / each section)
Test feed administration period: 4 weeks Feeding method: Free feeding

[Evaluation of storage stability of extracted oil]
The storage stability of the extracted fat was evaluated by the following method.

1. Measurement of Oxygen Concentration in Headspace 0.5 g of extracted oil was dispensed into a 10 ml sealable vial (gas chromatography vial) and sealed. This was stored in a dark place at 60 ° C., and over time (0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 days after storage), the oxygen concentration in the headspace was compared with the control group (comparative example). Each test section (Example) was measured, and the changes were compared. The measurement results are shown in FIG.

  As is clear from FIG. 2, the oxygen concentration in the control group (comparative example) decreases faster than the oxygen concentration in the test group (example) (there is a significant difference in the data after 10 days of storage). It was found that the extracted fat of Comparative Example) was easily oxidized and the extracted fat of the test section (Example) was difficult to oxidize.

2. Measurement of Fatty Acid Content in Extracted Oil and Fat 0.5 g of extracted oil and fat was dispensed and sealed in a 10 ml sealable vial (gas chroma vial). This was stored in a dark place at 60 ° C., and the fatty acid content (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content) contained in the oil before and after storage, 10 days after storage and 20 days after storage was controlled. It measured about each of the ward (comparative example) and the test ward (example), and compared the change. The measurement results are shown in FIGS.

  As is clear from FIGS. 3 and 4, the fatty acid (EPA, DHA) content in the control group (comparative example) decreases more quickly than the fatty acid content in the test group (example) (data after 10 days and 20 days after storage). In any case, there is a significant difference), that is, the lipid containing fatty acid oxidizes quickly, so that the extracted fat in the control group (comparative example) is easy to oxidize, and the extracted fat in the test group (example) is hard to oxidize. understood. It should be noted that there was no significant difference in the fatty acid content before storage (0 day of storage).

  From the above, the fat and oil extracted from the soybean lecithin-treated fish in the test group (Example) is superior in storage stability compared to the fat and oil extracted from the soybean oil-treated fish in the control group (Comparative Example). understood.

3. Measurement of fatty acid content in extracted fats and oils Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were extracted from the extracted fats and oils, and the main fatty acid contents at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions were measured. The measurement results are shown in FIGS.

<Analysis method>
Extracted oils and fats were fractionated by the method described in Journal of oleo science 56, (7) 361-367 (2007) and recovered. The recovered phospholipid was fractionated from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine according to the method described in the standard oil analysis method (4.3.3.1-1996). Furthermore, lysophospholipids and fatty acids were liberated by hydrolyzing the fatty acid ester bond at the sn-2 position with phospholipase A2. By analyzing the released lysophospholipid and fatty acid, the fatty acid contents of the sn-1 and sn-2 positions were calculated.

  From FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the DHA content binding to the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine is significantly higher in the test group (Example) than in the control group (Comparative Example). I understand. Further, the EPA content bound to the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of phosphatidylcholine and the EPA content bound to the sn-1 position of phosphatidylethanolamine were compared with the control group (comparative example). ) Is significantly higher.

  These characteristic phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine with a large amount of DHA bound to the sn-2 position and phosphatidylethanolamine with a large amount of DHA bound to the sn-1 and sn-2 positions are present in the body of lecithin-treated fish. It is considered that the progress of oxidation of the extracted fat is difficult to proceed due to the production.

  Therefore, this invention also has the utility value as a manufacturing method of the said phospholipid useful for various uses.

It is a figure which shows the manufacture flow of the fish oil which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the oxygen concentration of the head space of an Example and a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the DHA content in the extracted fats and oils of the Example and comparative example before and behind preservation | save. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the EPA content in the extraction fats and oils of the Example and comparative example before and behind preservation | save. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the fatty acid content in the extraction fats and oils of an Example and a comparative example. (A) is the EPA content and DHA content bound to the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine, and (b) is the EPA content and DHA content bound to the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the fatty acid content in the extraction fats and oils of an Example and a comparative example. (A) is the EPA content and DHA content bonded to the sn-1 position of phosphatidylethanolamine, and (b) is the EPA content and DHA content bonded to the sn-2 position of phosphatidylethanolamine.

Claims (7)

  A fish oil extracted from a fish administered lecithin (hereinafter referred to as lecithin-treated fish).   The fish oil according to claim 1, wherein the lecithin is soybean-derived lecithin.   The fish oil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fish oil contains phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine extracted from the lecithin-administered fish.   A method for producing fish oil, comprising producing fish by administering lecithin and raising the fish, followed by extraction from the fish.   The method for producing fish oil according to claim 4, wherein the lecithin is soybean-derived lecithin.   The said lecithin is administered with the form of a feed, The manufacturing method of the fish oil of Claim 4 or Claim 5 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The method for producing fish oil according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the administration period of the lecithin is 4 weeks or more.

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