JP2009258523A - Image display device, method for controlling image display device, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image display device capable of controlling a state of displaying an image of a virtual object which is a display target on a screen. <P>SOLUTION: A virtual space display unit 86 displays an image showing an appearance which is seen by looking visual field area determined from a view point in a virtual space in which the virtual object is arranged and from a visual line direction. A tolerance calculation unit 102 calculates a moving tolerance of a view point position and/or a change tolerance of the visual line direction on the basis of a size of an area in which the visual field area intersects with a closed area occupied by the virtual object. A view point moving unit 110 executes movement of the view point position and/or a change of the visual line direction within the tolerance according to user's view point moving operation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an image display device, a control method for the image display device, and a program.

  There is known an image display device that displays an image showing a view of a visual field area determined from a viewpoint and a line-of-sight direction in a virtual space in which a virtual object is arranged on a monitor screen or the like. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique related to an image display device that can display a three-dimensional image of an object easily and accurately. In such an image display device, the virtual object arranged in the virtual space specifically includes, for example, the earth represented by a plurality of polygons with textures of aerial photographs and satellite photographs, By performing three-dimensional modeling, mountain ranges represented by a plurality of polygons can be mentioned.

In such an image display apparatus, the user can move the viewpoint in the virtual space by an operation, and can experience an experience full of realism as if he was looking at the earth from the sky.
US Pat. No. 5,912,671

  However, in the image display device as described above, depending on the position of the viewpoint and the viewing direction, the virtual object image may not be displayed on the screen, or the virtual object image may be hardly displayed on the screen. (See FIG. 18). Then, the user cannot determine the viewpoint position and the line-of-sight direction for the current virtual object, and the viewpoint position and the line-of-sight direction are displayed so that an image showing the virtual object is displayed on the screen again by the user operation. It was difficult to control. In such a case, for example, it is desirable that the state in which the image of the virtual object to be displayed is displayed on the screen is controlled such that an image showing the virtual object is always displayed on the screen.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides an image display device capable of controlling a state in which an image of a virtual object to be displayed is displayed on a screen, a control method for the image display device, and a program. Objective.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, an image display device according to the present invention displays an image showing a state of viewing a visual field region determined from a viewpoint and a viewing direction in a virtual space in which a virtual object is arranged. An allowable range for calculating a movement allowable range of the viewpoint position and / or a change allowable range of the line-of-sight direction based on a size of a region where the visual field region and a closed region occupied by the virtual object intersect And a viewpoint moving means for executing movement of the position of the viewpoint and / or change of the line-of-sight direction within the allowable range in accordance with a viewpoint moving operation by a user.

  The image display apparatus control method according to the present invention controls an image display apparatus that displays an image showing a view field area determined from a viewpoint and a line-of-sight direction in a virtual space where a virtual object is arranged. An allowable range for calculating a movement allowable range of the viewpoint position and / or a change allowable range of the line-of-sight direction based on a size of a region where the visual field region and a closed region occupied by the virtual object intersect A calculating step; and a viewpoint moving step of executing movement of the position of the viewpoint and / or change of the line-of-sight direction within the allowable range in accordance with a viewpoint moving operation by a user.

  Further, the program according to the present invention is for causing a computer to function as an image display device that displays an image showing a state of viewing a visual field region determined from a viewpoint and a line-of-sight direction in a virtual space where a virtual object is arranged. An allowable range for calculating an allowable range of movement of the viewpoint position and / or an allowable range of change of the line of sight based on the size of an area where the visual field area and the closed area occupied by the virtual object intersect The computer is caused to function as calculation means and viewpoint movement means for executing movement of the viewpoint position and / or change of the line-of-sight direction within the allowable range in accordance with a viewpoint movement operation by a user.

  The above program can also be stored in a computer-readable information storage medium.

  According to the present invention, the viewpoint is moved within the calculated allowable range or the line-of-sight direction is changed within the allowable range due to the overlap between the visual field region and the closed region occupied by the virtual object. It is possible to control the state in which an image of a certain virtual object is displayed on the screen.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the permissible range calculation means sets the viewpoint position and / or the gaze direction within the permissible range and the permissible direction when the gaze direction is a direction corresponding to a tangential direction with respect to the closed region. It is calculated as a boundary with the outside of the range. In this way, it is possible to control the state in which the image of the virtual object is displayed on the screen so that the outline of the virtual object is displayed at the center of the monitor screen.

  Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, the pitch angle is changed around a pitch angle change center point existing on a straight line from the viewpoint to the line-of-sight direction from the current position of the viewpoint according to a pitch angle change operation by a user. Pitch angle changing means for changing the line-of-sight direction so as to face the pitch angle change center point from the position of the viewpoint after the pitch angle change, and the allowable range calculation means includes the pitch angle change center point The position of the viewpoint and / or the line-of-sight direction when the direction of the straight line passing through the viewpoint and the direction corresponding to the tangential direction with respect to the closed region is calculated as a boundary between the tolerance range and the tolerance range. It is characterized by that. In this way, the user can execute a pitch angle changing operation. Further, since the boundary between the allowable range and the outside of the allowable range can be calculated based on a straight line passing through the pitch angle change center point and the viewpoint, the allowable range can be calculated more easily.

  In the aspect of the invention, the allowable range calculating unit calculates a pitch angle range, and the pitch angle changing unit changes the pitch angle within the pitch angle range calculated by the allowable range calculating unit. It is characterized by doing. In this way, the allowable range can be controlled by the pitch angle, so that the control of the allowable range becomes easier.

  Further, in this aspect, the permissible angle formed by a straight line passing through the pitch angle change center point and the viewpoint and a straight line passing through the pitch angle change center point perpendicular to the area indicating the virtual object Relative pitch angle data storage means for storing relative pitch angle data indicating a ratio to the maximum pitch angle which is the maximum value of the range of pitch angles calculated by the range calculation means, and the relative pitch angle according to a relative pitch angle change operation by the user Based on the relative pitch angle data changing means for changing the relative pitch angle data stored in the pitch angle data storage means, the ratio to the maximum pitch angle indicated by the relative pitch angle data, and the maximum pitch angle. Pitch angle calculating means for calculating a pitch angle, and the viewpoint pitch angle changing means is calculated by the pitch angle calculating means. And Ji angle, the position of the pitch angle change center point, on the basis, may be changing the pitch angle. In this way, the position of the viewpoint can be managed by the relative pitch angle.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of an entertainment system (image display apparatus) according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, an entertainment system 10 includes an MPU (Micro Processing Unit) 11, a main memory 20, an image processing unit 24, a monitor 26, an input / output processing unit 28, an audio processing unit 30, and a speaker. 32, an optical disk reading unit 34, an optical disk 36, a hard disk 38, interfaces (I / F) 40, 44, a controller 42, a camera unit 46, and a network interface 48. It is.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the MPU 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the MPU 11 includes a main processor 12, sub-processors 14 a, 14 b, 14 c, 14 d, 14 e, 14 f, 14 g, 14 h, a bus 16, a memory controller 18, and an interface (I / F) 22. And comprising.

  The main processor 12 is an operating system stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) (not shown), for example, a program and data read from an optical disc 36 such as a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) -ROM, and a program supplied via a communication network. Based on the data and the like, various information processing is performed, and the sub-processors 14a to 14h are controlled.

  The sub-processors 14a to 14h perform various types of information processing in accordance with instructions from the main processor 12, and each part of the entertainment system 10 is read from the optical disk 36 such as a DVD-ROM or the like via a communication network. Control based on supplied programs and data.

  The bus 16 is used for exchanging addresses and data among the various parts of the entertainment system 10. The main processor 12, the sub processors 14a to 14h, the memory controller 18, and the interface 22 are connected to each other via the bus 16 so as to be able to exchange data.

  The memory controller 18 accesses the main memory 20 in accordance with instructions from the main processor 12 and the sub processors 14a to 14h. Programs and data read from the optical disk 36 and the hard disk 38 and programs and data supplied via the communication network are written into the main memory 20 as necessary. The main memory 20 is also used for work of the main processor 12 and the sub processors 14a to 14h.

  An image processing unit 24 and an input / output processing unit 28 are connected to the interface 22. Data exchange between the main processor 12 and the sub processors 14 a to 14 h and the image processing unit 24 or the input / output processing unit 28 is performed via the interface 22.

  The image processing unit 24 includes a GPU (Graphical Processing Unit) and a frame buffer. The GPU renders various screens in the frame buffer based on the image data supplied from the main processor 12 and the sub processors 14a to 14h. The screen formed in the frame buffer is converted into a video signal at a predetermined timing and output to the monitor 26. As the monitor 26, for example, a home television receiver is used.

  An audio processing unit 30, an optical disk reading unit 34, a hard disk 38, and interfaces 40 and 44 are connected to the input / output processing unit 28. The input / output processing unit 28 controls data exchange between the main processor 12 and the sub-processors 14a to 14h, the audio processing unit 30, the optical disc reading unit 34, the hard disk 38, the interfaces 40 and 44, and the network interface 48.

  The sound processing unit 30 includes an SPU (Sound Processing Unit) and a sound buffer. The sound buffer stores various audio data such as game music, game sound effects and messages read from the optical disk 36 and the hard disk 38. The SPU reproduces these various audio data and outputs them from the speaker 32. As the speaker 32, for example, a built-in speaker of a home television receiver is used.

  The optical disk reading unit 34 reads programs and data stored on the optical disk 36 in accordance with instructions from the main processor 12 and the sub processors 14a to 14h. Note that the entertainment system 10 may be configured to be able to read a program or data stored in a computer-readable information storage medium other than the optical disk 36.

  The optical disk 36 is a general optical disk (computer-readable information storage medium) such as a DVD-ROM. The hard disk 38 is a general hard disk device. Various programs and data are stored in the optical disk 36 and the hard disk 38 so as to be readable by a computer.

  The interfaces (I / F) 40 and 44 are interfaces for connecting various peripheral devices such as the controller 42 and the camera unit 46. For example, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface is used as such an interface.

  The controller 42 is general-purpose operation input means, and is used by the user to input various operations (for example, game operations). The input / output processing unit 28 scans the state of each unit of the controller 42 every predetermined time (for example, 1/60 seconds), and supplies the operation state representing the result to the main processor 12 and the sub processors 14a to 14h. The main processor 12 and the sub processors 14a to 14h determine the content of the operation performed by the user based on the operation state. The entertainment system 10 is configured so that a plurality of controllers 42 can be connected, and the main processor 12 and the sub-processors 14a to 14h execute various processes based on an operation state input from each controller 42. ing.

  The camera unit 46 includes, for example, a known digital camera, and inputs black and white, grayscale, or color photographed images every predetermined time (for example, 1/60 seconds). The camera unit 46 in the present embodiment is configured to input a captured image as image data in JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) format. The camera unit 46 is installed on the monitor 26 with the lens facing the user, for example, and is connected to the interface 44 via a cable. The network interface 48 is connected to the input / output processing unit 28 and the network, and relays that the entertainment system 10 performs data communication with other entertainment systems 10 via the network.

  FIG. 3A is a perspective view illustrating an example of the controller 42. FIG. 3B is an upper side view showing an example of the controller 42. As shown in FIG. 3A, the controller 42 is connected to the entertainment system 10 by a controller cable 62, a direction button group 60 and a left operation stick 54 are provided on the left side of the surface 42a, and a button group 58 and a right operation stick 56 are provided on the right side. Is provided. Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, on the back side surface of the controller 42, a first left button 50 </ b> L and a first right button 50 </ b> R are provided on the left and right sides of the front surface 42 a, respectively, A left button 52L and a second right button 52R are provided. When the user holds both sides of the housing of the controller 42 with both hands, the left thumb is positioned on the direction button group 60 and the left operation stick 54, and the right thumb is positioned on the button group 58 and the right operation stick 56. And at least one of the right index finger or middle finger is positioned on the first right button 50R or the second right button 52R, and at least one of the left index finger or middle finger is the first left button 50L or second The left button 52L is located.

  The direction button group 60, the button group 58, the first left button 50L, the first right button 50R, the second left button 52L, and the second right button 52R are configured as pressure sensitive buttons and include a pressure sensor. ing. When the user presses these buttons, a 256-step digital value having a value of 0 to 255 is input to the entertainment system 10 according to the pressing force. That is, in the entertainment system 10, when the digital value input from the controller 42 is 0, the button is not pressed, and when the digital value is 255, the digital button indicates that the button is pressed with the maximum pressing force. It can be judged from the value.

  The left operation stick 54 and the right operation stick 56 are stick-like operation members standing upright on the surface of the housing of the controller 42, and can be tilted by a predetermined angle in all directions from this upright state. As shown in FIG. 3A, the casing longitudinal direction of the controller 42 is the X-axis direction (the right direction in FIG. 3A is the positive direction), and the casing depth direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction is the Y-axis direction (see FIG. 3A). 3A, the direction from the front to the back is the positive direction.) The posture (operation state) of the left operation stick 54 is the inclination (posture data (X, Y)) in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. Digital values of 0 to 255 are input to the entertainment system 10 respectively. Specifically, the vicinity of X = 127 or X = 128 indicates that the left operation stick 54 is not inclined in the X-axis direction. X = 255 indicates that the left operation stick 54 is tilted to the limit in the positive direction of the X axis (rightward in FIG. 3A). Further, X = 0 indicates that the left operation stick 54 has fallen to the limit in the negative direction of the X axis (leftward in FIG. 3A). The same applies to the Y-axis direction. The right operation stick 56 is the same as that of the left operation stick 54. In this way, the entertainment system 10 can grasp the current tilt state (posture) of the left operation stick 54 and the right operation stick 56. The left operation stick 54 and the right operation stick 56 are also configured as pressure-sensitive buttons similar to the direction button group 60 and the button group 58, and can be pressed in the axial direction of the stick.

  The controller 42 includes a built-in vibrator (vibrator). The vibrator vibrates in accordance with an instruction from the MPU 11.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the entertainment system 10 having the above hardware configuration is configured as an image display device will be described.

  First, an outline of the present embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C, the entertainment system 10 has a line-of-sight direction 68 (68a) from a viewpoint 66 (66a to 66j) in a virtual space 64 in which at least one virtual object is arranged. ˜68j) is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing an appearance (viewing the visual field region 70 determined from the position of the viewpoint 66 and the line-of-sight direction 68). In the present embodiment, in the initial state, an image showing the viewing direction 68a from the viewpoint 66a is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26. The user of the entertainment system 10 can freely move the position of the viewpoint 66 and the line-of-sight direction 68 by operating the controller 42.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4A, a virtual object (virtual earth object 72) representing the earth (the ground surface) is arranged in the virtual space 64. 4B shows a first region 72a that is a part of the ground surface represented by the virtual earth object 72 shown in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 4C is shown by the virtual earth object 72 shown in FIG. 4A. The 2nd area | region 72b which is a part of the ground surface which has been shown is shown. As shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C, mountains 74, hills 76 (76 a to 76 n), and a cliff 78 are three-dimensionally represented on the surface of the virtual earth object 72.

  FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example of an image displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing a state where the viewing direction 68a is viewed from the viewpoint 66a. As shown in FIG. 5A, in the present embodiment, a part of the right side of the image showing the virtual earth object 72 is shaded, and it is expressed that the sunlight is not irradiated on this part. And overall, the landscape looks like a cloud seen from a meteorological satellite.

  FIG. 5B is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing a state where the line-of-sight direction 68b is viewed from the viewpoint 66b. As shown in FIG. 5B, the user of the entertainment system 10 operates the controller 42 and the position of the viewpoint 66 is approaching the virtual earth object 72. Here, while the position of the viewpoint 66 is being changed, the image showing the virtual earth object 72 is updated to an image showing a map centered on Japan. In this embodiment, the vibrator included in the controller 42 vibrates when an image representing a landscape such as a cloud seen from a weather satellite is updated to an image showing a map centered on Japan. .

  FIG. 5C is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing a state in which the viewing direction 68c is viewed from the viewpoint 66c. As shown in FIG. 5C, the user of the entertainment system 10 operates the controller 42 so that the position of the viewpoint 66 is closer to the virtual earth object 72. Here, in the middle of changing the position of the viewpoint 66, the image showing the virtual earth object 72 is updated to an image with a higher resolution. Further, in the present embodiment, as the viewpoint 66 approaches the virtual earth object 72, the moving speed of the viewpoint 66 becomes slower. That is, as the position of the viewpoint 66 moves from the viewpoint 66a to the viewpoint 66c, the moving speed of the viewpoint 66 decreases.

  FIG. 5D is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing a state where the line-of-sight direction 68d is viewed from the viewpoint 66d. As shown in FIG. 5D, the user of the entertainment system 10 operates the controller 42 so that the position of the viewpoint 66 is closer to the virtual earth object 72 and is three-dimensionally represented on the ground surface of the virtual earth object 72. An image showing a mountain 74 is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26.

  FIG. 5E is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing a state where the viewing direction 68e is viewed from the viewpoint 66e. As shown in FIG. 5E, the user of the entertainment system 10 operates the controller 42 to change the pitch angle θ around the pitch angle change center point 80 (see FIG. 4B). Here, the pitch angle θ is a region indicating a straight line passing through the pitch angle changing center point 80 and the viewpoint 66 and a virtual object (in this embodiment, the virtual earth object 72) passing through the pitch angle changing center point 80. It is the angle formed by a straight line perpendicular to it. Here, the distance between the pitch angle change center point 80 and the viewpoint 66 is referred to as a pitch angle change radius r. At this time, an image showing the outline of the virtual earth object 72, that is, the horizon B1, is displayed above the monitor 26. Details of the pitch angle change center point 80 will be described later.

  FIG. 5F is a diagram illustrating an example of an image displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing a state in which the viewing direction 68f is viewed from the viewpoint 66f. As shown in FIG. 5F, the user of the entertainment system 10 operates the controller 42 to further change the pitch angle θ around the pitch angle change center point 80. At this time, an image showing the horizon B1 is displayed near the center of the monitor 26.

  Here, even if the user further attempts to change the pitch angle θ around the pitch angle change center point 80, the pitch angle θ is not changed in the present embodiment. In this way, the image of the virtual earth object 72 is no longer displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, or the image of the virtual earth object 72 is hardly displayed on the screen of the monitor 26 as shown in FIG. Can be prevented.

  Since the pitch angle change center point 80 is provided at a location away from the surface of the virtual earth object 72, the pitch angle θ is set around the pitch angle change center point 80 as shown in FIGS. 5D to 5F. As the change is made, the position at which the image showing the peak 74a of the mountain 74 is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26 is lowered. By doing so, an image behind the peak 74a of the mountain 74 can be easily seen by the user.

  FIG. 5G is a diagram illustrating an example of an image displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing a state where the line-of-sight direction 68g is viewed from the viewpoint 66g. FIG. 5H is a diagram illustrating an example of an image displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing a state in which the viewing direction 68h is viewed from the viewpoint 66h. FIG. 5I is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing a state where the line-of-sight direction 68i is viewed from the viewpoint 66i. FIG. 5J is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed on the screen of the monitor 26, showing a state in which the viewing direction 68j is viewed from the viewpoint 66j. As shown in FIGS. 5G to 5J, here, an image showing the hill 76 is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26. At this time, the user performs a viewpoint movement operation on the controller 42 so that the viewpoint 66 moves rightward along the ground surface of the virtual earth object 72. As a result, the viewpoint 66 has moved from the position of the viewpoint 66g to the position of the viewpoint 66j via the position of the viewpoint 66h and the position of the viewpoint 66i. When the viewpoint 66 moves from the position of the viewpoint 66g to the position of the viewpoint 66h, the viewpoint 66 is raised. When the viewpoint 66 moves from the position of the viewpoint 66h to the position of the viewpoint 66i, the viewpoint 66 is lowered. When the viewpoint 66 moves from the position of the viewpoint 66i to the position of the viewpoint 66j, the viewpoint 66 is very high. In this way, the user of the entertainment system 10 can experience a feeling as if moving along the ground surface of the virtual earth object 72.

  Next, with respect to the functions realized by the entertainment system 10 according to the present embodiment, the functional block diagram shown in FIG. 6 and the positions of the virtual earth object 72 and the viewpoint 66 according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. This will be described with reference to an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of the relationship.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the entertainment system 10 according to this embodiment functionally includes a virtual object data storage unit 82, a virtual object data acquisition unit 84, a virtual space display unit 86, a viewpoint data storage unit 88, and a gaze point. Position calculation unit 90, pitch angle change center point position calculation unit 92, reference distance calculation unit 94, reference distance data storage unit 96, viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98, viewpoint movement speed data storage unit 100, allowable range calculation unit 102, operation State acquisition unit 104, operation state storage unit 106, operation state change determination unit 108, viewpoint movement unit 110, pitch angle change center point movement unit 112, pitch angle change unit 114, relative pitch angle data change unit 116, pitch angle calculation unit 118, a viewpoint position correction unit 120, and a pitch angle change center point position correction unit 122. The entertainment system 10 does not have to include all of these elements.

  The virtual object data storage unit 82 is realized mainly by the main memory 20 and the hard disk 38. The virtual object data storage unit 82 stores virtual object data such as polygon data and texture data related to the virtual object. In the present embodiment, specifically, for example, the virtual object data storage unit 82 stores ground surface data 124 representing the ground surface of the virtual earth object 72 (see FIG. 8). FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the data structure of the ground surface data 124 according to the present embodiment. The ground surface data 124 includes reference surface data 126 and terrain surface data 128. The reference plane data 126 is polygon data indicating positions in the virtual space 64 of a plurality of polygons representing the reference plane 130 (for example, the sea surface) of the virtual earth object 72. In the present embodiment, the basic shape of the reference surface 130 is a sphere. The topographical surface data 128 is a polygon indicating the position in the virtual space 64 of a plurality of polygons representing the topographical surface (terrain surface 132) such as a mountain 74, a hill 76, and a cliff 78 expressed on the surface of the virtual earth object 72. Data and texture data indicating the texture to be attached to each polygon associated with each polygon indicated by the polygon data. Note that the reference plane data 126 and the topographic plane data 124 may include data indicating a correspondence relationship between a combination of latitude and longitude and a position in the virtual space 64.

  Further, the virtual object data storage unit 82 may manage and store a plurality of reference plane data 126 and terrain plane data 128 having different accuracy in stages. Further, the virtual object data storage unit 82 may store polygon data and texture data acquired by a virtual object data acquisition unit 84 described later.

  The virtual object data acquisition unit 84 is realized mainly by the MPU 11, the input / output processing unit 28, and the network interface 48. The virtual object data acquisition unit 84 acquires virtual object data from an information processing apparatus such as a server on the network.

  In the present embodiment, the entertainment system 10 can communicate with a data providing server (not shown) on the network via the network interface 48. Then, the virtual object data acquisition unit 84 transmits data indicating the positional relationship between the position of the viewpoint 66 and the line-of-sight direction 68 and the virtual earth object 72 to the data providing server. Then, the data providing server transmits the ground surface data 124 to be arranged in the virtual space 64 to the virtual object data acquisition unit 84. The virtual object data acquisition unit 84 acquires the ground surface data 124 transmitted from the data providing server. Specifically, for example, the virtual object data acquisition unit 84, based on the position of the viewpoint 66, polygon data having a size corresponding to the distance from the virtual object at that time, and texture data to be pasted on each polygon Is obtained from the data providing server.

  The virtual space display unit 86 is realized mainly by the MPU 11, the image processing unit 24, and the monitor 26. The virtual space display unit 86 displays an image showing a state of viewing the line-of-sight direction 68 from the viewpoint 66 in the virtual space 64 (a state of viewing the visual field region 70 determined from the position of the viewpoint 66 and the line-of-sight direction 68). Display on the screen. Specifically, the virtual space display unit 86 includes a visual field area 70 determined from the position of the viewpoint 66 and the line-of-sight direction 68, and polygon data included in the virtual object data included in the virtual object data for the virtual objects in the visual field area 70. An image based on the coordinates of the vertices of the polygon, texture data indicating the texture pasted on each polygon, and the like is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26. Specifically, in the present embodiment, for example, the coordinates of the vertices of each polygon indicated by the polygon data included in the topographic surface data 128 for the virtual earth object 72 in the visual field region 70 and the texture to be pasted on each polygon are displayed. An image based on the texture data shown is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26.

  Here, the virtual space display unit 86 corresponds to the terrain corresponding to the image to be displayed on the screen of the monitor 26 according to the positional relationship (for example, distance) between the viewpoint 66 and the virtual object (for example, the virtual earth object 72). The surface data 128 may be selected. In the present embodiment, when the distance between the viewpoint 66 and the virtual earth object 72 is long, the virtual space display unit 86 displays the state of the cloud viewed from the satellite stored in the virtual object data storage unit 82 in advance. An image based on the texture data shown is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26. When the viewpoint 66 moves and the distance between the viewpoint 66 and the virtual earth object 72 becomes short, the texture data showing a map centering on Japan is displayed. The based image may be displayed on the screen of the monitor 26 (see FIGS. 5A and 5B). At this time, when the viewpoint 66 moves, the virtual object data acquisition unit 84 may acquire an image based on texture data indicating a map centering on Japan. As described above, the virtual space display unit 86 displays the image stored in advance in the entertainment system 10 during the image acquisition waiting time by the virtual object data acquisition unit 84, so that the user of the entertainment system 10 provides data. Since the user can enjoy the image while waiting for the time necessary to acquire the image from the server, the stress caused by waiting for the image acquisition is reduced.

  Note that the virtual space display unit 86 may instruct the controller 42 to vibrate the vibrator included in the controller 42 at the timing when the displayed image is updated. Specifically, for example, an image acquired by the virtual object data acquisition unit 84 is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26 from a state in which an image stored in advance in the virtual object data storage unit 82 is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26. When switching to the current state, the virtual space display unit 86 may instruct the controller 42 to vibrate the vibrator included in the controller 42.

  Further, the virtual space display unit 86 displays an image stored in the virtual object data storage unit 82 on the screen of the monitor 26 according to the distance between the position indicating the viewpoint 66 and the position indicating the virtual earth object 72. You may make it do. Specifically, for example, when the virtual space display unit 86 has a long length between the position indicating the viewpoint 66 and the position indicating the virtual earth object 72, a low-resolution image is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26. If the length between the position indicating the viewpoint 66 and the position indicating the virtual earth object 72 is short, a high-resolution image may be displayed on the screen of the monitor 26 (FIGS. 5B to 5D). reference). The virtual space display unit 86 once displays a low-resolution image on the screen of the monitor 26, and when the acquisition of the high-resolution image by the virtual object data acquisition unit 84 is completed, the high-resolution image is monitored. You may make it display on 26 screens.

  The viewpoint data storage unit 88 is realized mainly by the main memory 20 and the hard disk 38. The viewpoint data storage unit 88 stores viewpoint data 134 indicating the position of the viewpoint 66 and the line-of-sight direction 68 in the virtual space 64 (see FIG. 9). FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the data structure of the viewpoint data 134 according to the present embodiment. The visual field region 70 is determined based on the position of the viewpoint 66 indicated by the viewpoint data 134 and the line-of-sight direction 68. Details of the viewpoint data 134 will be described later.

  The gazing point position calculation unit 90 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. The gazing point position calculation unit 90 calculates a position indicating a gazing point 136 that is an intersection of a straight line from the current position of the viewpoint 66 in the line-of-sight direction 68 and a virtual object existing on the straight line (see FIG. 10).

  FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a relationship in the initial state between the virtual earth object 72, the position of the viewpoint 66, and the line-of-sight direction 68 according to the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, in the initial state, the line-of-sight direction 68 is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the ground surface of the virtual earth object 72 (for example, the reference surface 130 and the topographic surface 132) (see FIG. 4A). The gazing point position calculation unit 90 then intersects the straight line from the position of the viewpoint 66 in the initial state in the line-of-sight direction 68 with the topographic surface 132 (specifically, the polygon indicated by the polygon data included in the topographic surface data 128). Is calculated as a position indicating the gazing point 136.

  Note that the gazing point position calculation unit 90 may calculate the position indicating the gazing point 136 based on the position of the viewpoint 66 other than the initial state. Further, when the gazing point position calculation unit 90 calculates the position indicating the gazing point 136, the line-of-sight direction 68 does not have to be in the direction perpendicular to the virtual object. In addition, the gazing point position calculation unit 90 is an intersection of the straight line from the position of the viewpoint 66 in the initial state in the line-of-sight direction 68 and the reference plane 130 (intersection of the polygon indicated by the polygon data included in the reference plane data 126). The position may be calculated as a position indicating the gazing point 136.

  The pitch angle change center point position calculation unit 92 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. The pitch angle change center point position calculation unit 92 calculates the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 existing on a straight line from the viewpoint 66 toward the line-of-sight direction 68. Here, the pitch angle change center point position calculation unit 92 determines the position of the viewpoint 66 and the virtual object (for example, virtual earth object) when the line-of-sight direction 68 faces the direction indicating the virtual object (for example, virtual earth object 74). The position of the pitch angle change center point 80 existing between the position 74) and the position indicated by 74) may be calculated. In addition, the pitch angle change center point position calculation unit 92, based on the relationship between the position indicating the gazing point 136 and the position of the viewpoint 66, the pitch angle existing between the position indicating the gazing point 136 and the position of the viewpoint 66. The position of the change center point 80 may be calculated (see FIG. 10). The pitch angle change center point position calculation unit 92 determines the position of the point that internally divides the position between the position indicating the gazing point 136 and the position of the viewpoint 66 at a given ratio as the position of the pitch angle change center point 80. May be calculated as:

  Here, the details of the viewpoint data 134 will be described. In the present embodiment, the viewpoint data 134 includes pitch angle change center point position data 138, yaw angle data 140, maximum pitch angle data 142, and relative pitch angle data 144.

  The pitch angle change center point position data 138 is data indicating the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 calculated by the pitch angle change center point position calculation unit 92, and is represented by, for example, a three-dimensional coordinate value.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the yaw angle data 140 is data indicating the yaw angle φ with respect to the yaw angle reference direction 146 at the position of the viewpoint 66 in the polar coordinate system centered on the position of the pitch angle change center point 80. Here, the yaw angle reference direction 146 specifically indicates, for example, a direction corresponding to a direction indicating north.

  The maximum pitch angle data 142 and the relative pitch angle data 144 indicate the pitch angle θ at the position of the viewpoint 66 in the polar coordinate system centered on the position of the pitch angle change center point 80. Details of these data will be described later.

  Here, if a plane corresponding to the reference plane 130 (for example, a plane parallel to the reference plane) passing through the pitch angle change center point 80 is called a pitch angle change center point reference plane 148, the yaw angle φ is The angle formed by the angle reference direction 146 and the direction from the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 to the position of the viewpoint 66 when the pitch angle θ is 90 degrees. Here, the direction from the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 to the position of the viewpoint 66 when the pitch angle θ is 90 degrees is referred to as a yaw angle direction 150.

  The data structure of the viewpoint data 134 is not limited to the data structure described above.

  Specifically, for example, the viewpoint data storage unit 88 may store minimum dip angle data indicating the minimum dip angle instead of the maximum pitch angle data 142 indicating the maximum pitch angle θmax. It should be noted that the minimum depression angle and the maximum pitch angle θmax have a relationship that the sum is 90 degrees. Details of the maximum pitch angle θmax will be described later.

  Further, for example, yaw angle direction data indicating the yaw angle direction 150, line-of-sight direction data indicating the line-of-sight direction 68, and a pitch angle change serving as a reference for the movement of the pitch angle change center point 80 by the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112. Pitch angle change center point movement reference direction data indicating the center point movement reference direction 152, viewpoint data 134 based on a pitch angle change reference direction 154 indicating a direction for changing the pitch angle of the viewpoint 66 by the pitch angle changing unit 114, and the like. May be expressed. In the present embodiment, the vector indicating the pitch angle change center point movement reference direction 152 is a vector in the opposite direction to the vector indicating the yaw angle direction 150. In the present embodiment, the pitch angle change reference direction 154 is along a spherical surface (hereinafter referred to as a pitch angle change surface 156) having a radius of the pitch angle change radius r with the pitch angle change center point 80 as the center. The direction from the current position of the viewpoint 66 to the position of the viewpoint 66 when the pitch angle θ is 0 degree.

  The reference distance calculation unit 94 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. The reference distance calculation unit 94 calculates a reference distance indicating the distance from the reference plane 130 on the surface of the virtual object based on the virtual object data (terrain surface data 128 in the present embodiment). In the present embodiment, specifically, for example, the reference distance calculation unit 94 firstly intersects the straight line passing through the pitch angle change center point 80 and the terrain surface 132 (specifically, a straight line perpendicular to the reference surface 130). Specifically, for example, the position of the pitch angle change center point projection point 158 that is an intersection with the polygon indicated by the polygon data included in the topographic surface data 128 is calculated. Then, the reference distance calculation unit 94 calculates the distance between the pitch angle change center point projection point 158 and the reference plane 130 as the first topographic plane distance D1 (see FIG. 7). Then, the reference distance calculation unit 94 calculates the position of the viewpoint projection point 160 that is the intersection of the straight line passing through the viewpoint 66 and perpendicular to the reference plane 130 and the topographic surface 132. Then, the reference distance calculation unit 94 calculates the distance between the viewpoint projection point 160 and the reference plane 130 as the second topographic plane distance D2 (see FIG. 7).

  Then, the terrain surface reference distance D is calculated based on the first terrain surface distance D1 and the second terrain surface distance D2. Here, the reference distance calculation unit 94 calculates the value of the first terrain surface distance D1 as the value of the terrain surface reference distance D.

  The reference distance calculation unit 94 may calculate the value of the second terrain surface distance D2 as the value of the terrain surface reference distance D. Further, the reference distance calculation unit 94 may calculate an average value of the value of the first terrain surface distance D1 and the value of the second terrain surface distance D2 as the value of the terrain surface reference distance D.

  The reference distance data storage unit 96 is realized mainly by the main memory 20 and the hard disk 38. The reference distance data storage unit 96 stores reference distance data indicating the reference distance calculated by the reference distance calculation unit 94. Specifically, for example, terrain surface reference distance data indicating the terrain surface reference distance D is stored.

  Then, the reference distance calculation unit 94 determines that the difference between the calculated reference distance and the reference distance stored in the reference distance data storage unit 96 is larger than a given value (for example, the terrain surface reference distance buffer ΔD). The reference distance data stored in the reference distance data storage unit 96 may be updated to reference distance data indicating the reference distance calculated by the reference distance calculation unit 94.

  The viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. The viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 is based on the relationship between the position indicating the virtual object (in this embodiment, the virtual earth object 72) included in the visual field area 70 and the position indicating the viewpoint 66 in accordance with the viewpoint movement operation by the user. Based on the distance between the virtual object viewpoints, which is the distance, the moving speed v of the viewpoint 66 is determined.

  Alternatively, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 may determine the movement speed v of the viewpoint 66 so that the value of the movement speed v increases as the value of the virtual object viewpoint distance increases. Specifically, for example, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 may determine the value of the movement speed v so that the value of the movement speed v is proportional to the value of the virtual object viewpoint distance.

  By doing in this way, the user can perform an accurate movement operation of the viewpoint.

  In the present embodiment, specifically, for example, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 performs the pitch angle change center between the pitch angle change center point 80 and the pitch angle change center point projection point 158 (or the topographic surface 132). The point terrain surface distance d1 is calculated. At this time, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 uses the distance between the pitch angle change center point 80 and the reference plane 130 and the terrain plane reference distance indicated by the terrain plane reference distance data stored in the reference distance data storage unit 96. The pitch angle change center point distance between topographic surfaces d1 may be calculated based on the value of the difference from D (see FIG. 7).

  Then, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 calculates the value of the pitch angle change radius r based on the value of the pitch angle change center point topographic surface distance d1. Specifically, for example, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 calculates the value of the product of the pitch angle change center point inter-terrain distance d1 and a given value as the value of the pitch angle change radius r. Thus, the pitch angle change radius r and the pitch angle change center point topographic surface distance d1 may be a given ratio. Of course, here, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 may calculate the value of the pitch angle change radius r.

  In this embodiment, the distance between the virtual object viewpoints is the sum (d1 + r) of the pitch angle change center point topographic surface distance d1 and the pitch angle change radius r. That is, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 determines the movement speed of the viewpoint 66 based on the value of (d1 + r).

  Of course, the method of calculating the distance between the virtual object viewpoints is not limited to the above method.

  Further, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 may determine the movement speed of the viewpoint 66 in the direction along the reference plane 130 and the topographic plane 132. Further, the moving speed of the viewpoint 66 in the direction perpendicular to the reference plane 130 and the topographic plane 132 may be determined. Further, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 may determine the movement speed of the pitch angle change center point 80 instead of the movement speed of the viewpoint 66.

  The viewpoint movement speed data storage unit 100 stores movement speed data indicating the movement speed of the viewpoint 66 determined by the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98. The viewpoint movement speed data storage unit 100 may store movement speed data at the start of the operation. Here, the moving speed data indicating the moving speed of the pitch angle changing center point 80 may be stored.

  The allowable range calculation unit 102 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. The allowable range calculation unit 102 is based on the size of the area where the visual field area 70 and the closed area occupied by the virtual object (for example, the virtual earth object 72 in the present embodiment) intersect, the allowable movement range of the position of the viewpoint 66. Alternatively, an allowable range 162 such as a change allowable range of the line-of-sight direction 68 is calculated (see FIG. 11). FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the allowable range 162. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating another example of the allowable range 162. As illustrated in FIG. 12, the allowable range calculation unit 102 may calculate only the allowable movement range of the position of the viewpoint 66, or may calculate only the allowable change range of the line-of-sight direction 68. Of course, the allowable range calculation unit 102 may calculate both the allowable movement range of the position of the viewpoint 66 and the allowable change range of the line-of-sight direction 68.

  In the present embodiment, the allowable range calculation unit 102 calculates the range of the pitch angle θ as shown in FIG. Then, the allowable range calculation unit 102 determines the position of the viewpoint 66 when the direction of the straight line passing through the pitch angle change center point 80 and the viewpoint 66 is a direction corresponding to the tangential direction with respect to the closed region occupied by the virtual earth object 72. The line-of-sight direction 68 is calculated as the boundary between the allowable range and the allowable range. The pitch angle θ at this time is called the maximum pitch angle θmax.

Here, for example, based on the terrain surface center distance R between the center of the virtual earth object 72 and the terrain surface 132 and the pitch angle change center point terrain surface distance d1, the allowable range calculation unit 102 determines the maximum The pitch angle θmax is calculated from an equation: θmax = sin ⁻¹ {R / (R + d1)}.

  Here, the permissible range calculation unit 102 uses the reference plane center-to-center distance R ′ between the center of the virtual earth object 72 and the reference plane, which is easy to calculate, instead of the topographic plane center-to-center distance R, The pitch angle θmax may be approximated. Of course, at this time, the allowable range calculation unit 102 does not use the pitch angle change center point terrain surface distance d1 but the pitch angle change center point reference surface distance d between the pitch angle change center point 80 and the reference surface 130. 'May be used to calculate the maximum pitch angle θmax. Further, the allowable range calculation unit 102 may calculate the closed region occupied by the virtual object used for calculating the allowable range based on the virtual object. Specifically, for example, the allowable range calculation unit 102 may calculate the closed region indicated by the virtual object based on the convex hull of the virtual object.

  In this embodiment, the viewpoint data storage unit 88 stores maximum pitch angle data 142 indicating the maximum pitch angle θmax calculated by the allowable range calculation unit 102.

  As described above, the allowable range calculation unit 102 determines the position of the viewpoint 66 when the line-of-sight direction 68 is a direction corresponding to the tangential direction with respect to the closed region occupied by the virtual object (for example, the virtual earth object 72 in the present embodiment). Alternatively, the line-of-sight direction 68 may be calculated as a boundary between the allowable range 162 and the outside of the allowable range 162.

  The operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires the operation state of the controller 42 every predetermined time (specifically, for example, 1/60 seconds in the present embodiment). Specifically, the operation state is, for example, a digital value (0 to 255) indicating a pressing force, posture data (0 ≦ X ≦ 255, 0 ≦ Y ≦ 255), or the like. In the present embodiment, at least posture data indicating the operation state of the left operation stick 54 and the right operation stick 56, the left operation stick 54, the right operation stick 56, the second left button 52L, and the second right button. A digital value indicating the pressing force of 52R is acquired. Then, the operation state acquisition unit 104 determines the content of the operation performed by the user based on the acquired operation state.

  In the present embodiment, specifically, for example, when the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires posture data of the left operation stick 54, or given given of the second left button 52L and the second right button 52R. When a digital value indicating a pressing force equal to or greater than the value is acquired, it is determined that the operation by the user is a pitch angle change center point movement operation, and the posture data of the right operation stick 56 and the given value of the right operation stick are greater than or equal to a given value. When the digital value indicating the pressing force is acquired, it is determined that the operation by the user is a pitch angle changing operation or a yaw angle changing operation. Details of these operations will be described later.

  The operation state storage unit 106 is realized mainly by the main memory 20 and the hard disk 38. The operation state storage unit 106 stores operation state data indicating the operation state acquired by the operation state acquisition unit 104.

  The operation state change determination unit 108 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. The operation state change determination unit 108 compares the operation state indicated by the operation state data stored in the operation state storage unit 106 with the operation state detected by the operation state acquisition unit 104, and changes are detected in the detected data. Determine if there was.

  The viewpoint moving unit 110 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. The viewpoint moving unit 110 executes at least one of movement of the position of the viewpoint or change of the line-of-sight direction according to a viewpoint movement operation by the user.

  At this time, the viewpoint moving unit 110 may perform movement of the viewpoint position or change of the line-of-sight direction within the allowable range 162 calculated by the allowable range calculating unit 102. Further, the viewpoint moving unit 110 may move the position of the viewpoint 66 at the moving speed v determined by the viewpoint moving speed determining unit 98.

  The pitch angle changing center point moving unit 112 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. The pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 moves the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 in accordance with the pitch angle change center point movement operation by the user, and at least so as to face the pitch angle change center point 80 from the position of the viewpoint 66. The line-of-sight direction 68 is changed. The pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 calculates the yaw angle φ based on the moved position of the pitch angle change center point 80 when the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 is moved. Also good.

  Further, the viewpoint moving unit 110 may move the viewpoint 66 in conjunction with the movement of the pitch angle changing center point 80 by the pitch angle changing center point moving unit 112. Specifically, for example, the viewpoint moving unit 110 may move the pitch angle changing center point moving unit 112 by the distance that the pitch angle changing center point 80 moves. Further, when the value of the pitch angle change center point terrain surface distance d1 changes due to the movement by the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112, the viewpoint moving unit 110 changes the pitch angle change center point terrain surface distance d1 after the change. The pitch angle change radius r may be calculated based on the above, and the position of the viewpoint 66 may be moved based on the calculated pitch angle change radius r.

  In the present embodiment, based on the attitude data (X, Y) of the left operation stick 54 acquired by the operation state acquisition unit 104, the Y-axis direction of the left operation stick 54 is the pitch angle change center point movement reference direction 152. In the direction, the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 is located at a position on the coordinates in which the X-axis direction is associated with the direction 90 degrees to the right with respect to the pitch angle change center point movement reference direction 152. Move 80.

  Specifically, for example, when the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires an operation state indicating that the left operation stick 54 is operated upward, the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 displays the pitch angle change center point. 80 is moved in the direction of the pitch angle change center point movement reference direction 152. When the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires an operation state indicating that the left operation stick 54 is operated in the downward direction, the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 sets the pitch angle change center point 80 to the pitch angle change center point 80. It moves in the direction opposite to the change center point movement reference direction 152 (that is, the direction of the yaw angle direction 150). When the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires an operation state indicating that the left operation stick 54 is operated in the left direction (right direction), the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 performs the pitch angle change center point 80. Are moved 90 degrees to the left (90 degrees to the right) with respect to the pitch angle change center point movement reference direction 152.

  In the present embodiment, when the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires a digital value equal to or greater than a given value indicating the pressing force of the second left button 52L, the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 The pitch angle change center point 80 is moved in a direction perpendicular to the pitch angle change center point reference plane 148 and away from the virtual earth object 72. When the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires a digital value equal to or greater than a given value indicating the pressing force of the second right button 52R, the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 sets the pitch angle change center point 80. Is moved in a direction perpendicular to the pitch angle change center point reference plane 148 and closer to the virtual earth object 72.

  At this time, the pitch angle changing center point moving unit 112 moves the pitch angle changing center point 80 at the moving speed v ′ of the pitch angle changing center point 80 based on the moving speed v determined by the viewpoint moving speed determining unit 98. You may make it move a position. Specifically, for example, the value of the posture data of the left operation stick 54 acquired by the operation state acquisition unit 104 is (X, Y), and the value of the moving speed v ′ of the pitch angle change center point 80 is equal to v. In this case, the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 may move by (vX, vY) from the current position of the pitch angle change center point 80. As described above, the pitch angle changing center point moving unit 112 may move the pitch angle changing center point 80 at a moving speed based on the product of the operation amount value such as posture data and the moving speed v. Good. Of course, the viewpoint moving unit 110 may move the viewpoint 66 at a movement speed based on the product of the value of the operation amount and the value of the movement speed v. Also, the viewpoint moving speed is determined when the second left button 52L or the second right button 52R moves the pitch angle change center point 80 in a direction perpendicular to the pitch angle change center point reference plane 148. The position of the pitch angle changing center point 80 may be moved at the moving speed v ′ of the pitch angle changing center point 80 based on the moving speed v determined by the unit 98.

  The pitch angle changing unit 114 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. The pitch angle changing unit 114 changes the pitch angle θ around the pitch angle changing center point 80 according to the pitch angle changing operation by the user, and changes the pitch angle changing center point 80 from the position of the viewpoint 66 after the pitch angle is changed. The line-of-sight direction 68 is changed so as to face.

  At this time, the pitch angle changing unit 114 may change the pitch angle θ within the range of the pitch angle θ.

  The relative pitch angle data changing unit 116 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. When the relative pitch angle data 144 is stored in the viewpoint data storage unit 88, the relative pitch angle data change unit 116 changes the relative pitch angle data 144 according to the relative pitch angle change operation by the user. Here, the relative pitch angle data 144 is a pitch angle change perpendicular to a straight line passing through the pitch angle change center point 80 and the viewpoint 66 and a region indicating a virtual object (virtual earth object 72 in the present embodiment). This is data indicating the relative pitch angle θ ′ (0 ≦ θ ′ ≦ 1), which is the ratio of the angle formed by the straight line passing through the center point 80 and the maximum pitch angle θmax.

  The pitch angle calculation unit 118 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. The pitch angle calculation unit 118, based on the relative pitch angle θ ′ indicated by the relative pitch angle data 144 and the maximum pitch angle θmax, the straight line passing the pitch angle change center point 80 and the viewpoint, and the virtual object. A pitch angle θ that is an angle formed by a straight line passing through the pitch angle change center point 80 perpendicular to the region to be shown is calculated. More specifically, for example, the pitch angle calculation unit 118 calculates the pitch angle θ based on the product (θmax × θ ′) of the angle indicated by the maximum pitch angle θmax and the relative pitch angle θ ′. It doesn't matter.

  In the present embodiment, based on the posture data (X, Y) of the right operation stick 56 acquired by the operation state acquisition unit 104, the relative pitch angle data change unit 116 determines the relative pitch angle θ indicated by the relative pitch angle data 144. Increase or decrease '. In the present embodiment, the pitch angle changing unit 114 also increases or decreases the yaw angle φ indicated by the yaw angle data 140, that is, changes the yaw angle φ. Specifically, for example, when the value of Y acquired by the operation state acquisition unit 104 is positive (negative), the relative pitch angle data change unit 116 decreases (increases) the value of the relative pitch angle θ ′. . In addition, when the value of X acquired by the operation state acquisition unit 104 is positive (negative), the pitch angle changing unit 114 increases (decreases) the value of the yaw angle φ.

  Based on the changed relative pitch angle data 144, the pitch angle calculation unit 118 calculates the pitch angle θ. The pitch angle changing unit 114 changes the pitch angle θ or the yaw angle φ based on the calculated value of the pitch angle θ, the value of the yaw angle φ, and the current position of the pitch angle change center point 80. . In this way, the pitch angle changing unit 114 changes the pitch angle θ and the yaw angle φ based on the pitch angle θ calculated by the pitch angle calculating unit 118 and the position of the pitch angle changing center point 80. It doesn't matter.

  When the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires a digital value equal to or greater than a given value indicating the pressing force of the right operation stick 56, the pitch angle θ change unit 114 determines that the yaw angle φ with respect to the yaw angle reference direction 146 is The yaw angle φ is changed while the pitch angle θ is kept constant so that the viewpoint 66 is arranged at a position of 180 degrees. In this way, the user can change the yaw angle φ so that the line-of-sight direction 68 faces the north direction.

  Further, when the pitch angle changing center point moving unit 112 moves the position of the pitch angle changing center point 80, the allowable range calculating unit 102 may recalculate the allowable range. Specifically, for example, the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 may recalculate the value of the maximum pitch angle θmax. At this time, the pitch angle calculation unit 118 recalculates the pitch angle θ based on the product (θmax × θ ′) of the angle indicated by the recalculated maximum pitch angle θmax and the relative pitch angle θ ′. It doesn't matter if you do. At this time, the pitch angle changing unit 114 may change the pitch angle θ based on the recalculated pitch angle θ and the position of the pitch angle changing center point 80.

  The viewpoint position correcting unit 120 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. When the viewpoint 66 is moved by the viewpoint moving unit 110, the viewpoint position correcting unit 120 measures the distance between the position indicating the viewpoint 66 and the position indicating the virtual object (the virtual earth object 72 in the present embodiment), and the distance. Is shorter than a given distance, the position of the viewpoint 66 is corrected in a direction away from the virtual object. In this way, the viewpoint 66 is moved so as to avoid contact when the viewpoint 66 is likely to contact the topographic surface 132. Further, in the present embodiment, the viewpoint 66 can be prevented from being hidden under the topographic surface 132 (see FIG. 5J). Note that the viewpoint position correction unit 120 may instruct the controller 42 to vibrate the vibrator included in the controller 42 when the position of the viewpoint 66 is corrected.

  In the present embodiment, for example, the viewpoint position correcting unit 120 calculates the viewpoint terrain surface distance d2 between the viewpoint 66 and the viewpoint projection point 160 (or the terrain surface 132). At this time, the viewpoint position correcting unit 120 calculates the difference between the distance between the viewpoint 66 and the reference plane 130 and the terrain plane reference distance D indicated by the terrain plane reference distance data stored in the reference distance data storage unit 96. The distance d2 between the viewpoint terrain surfaces may be calculated based on the value (see FIG. 7).

  When the value of the viewpoint terrain surface distance d2 is smaller than the minimum viewpoint terrain surface distance d2min, which is a given threshold value, the viewpoint position correcting unit 120 determines that the viewpoint 66 has a value of the viewpoint terrain surface distance d2 of the minimum viewpoint. The position is corrected to a position that is equal to or greater than the distance between topographic surfaces d2min. Specifically, for example, the viewpoint position correction unit 120 is a straight line that passes through the viewpoint 66 and is perpendicular to the reference plane 130 so that the value of the viewpoint terrain surface distance d2 becomes the value of the minimum viewpoint terrain surface distance d2min. The viewpoint 66 is corrected in the opposite direction with respect to the reference plane 130. At this time, the viewpoint position correction unit 120 may also correct the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 together.

  The pitch angle change center point position correction unit 122 is realized mainly by the MPU 11. When the viewpoint 66 is moved by the viewpoint moving unit 110, the pitch angle changing center point position correcting unit 122 and the position indicating the pitch angle changing center point 80 and a virtual object (in this embodiment, for example, the virtual earth object 72) are displayed. ) Is measured, and when the distance exceeds a given range, the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 is corrected so that the distance falls within this range. At this time, the viewpoint moving unit 110 may correct the position of the viewpoint 66 together. In this way, for example, when both the position of the viewpoint 66 with respect to the terrain surface 132 and the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 with respect to the terrain surface 132 change more than a given range, the pitch angle change center point is changed. The position 80 and the position of the viewpoint 66 can be changed (see FIGS. 5G to 5I).

  In the present embodiment, for example, when the reference distance calculation unit 94 updates the reference distance data stored in the reference distance data storage unit 96 to reference distance data indicating the reference distance calculated by the reference distance calculation unit 94. In addition, the pitch angle change center point position correction unit 122 corrects the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 based on the difference between the reference distance before update and the reference distance after update.

  Next, in the entertainment system 10 according to the present embodiment, an example of processing executed every predetermined time (in this embodiment, 1/60 second) is shown in an explanatory diagram shown in FIG. 7 and FIGS. 13 and 14. This will be described with reference to a flow diagram.

  FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 are flowcharts showing processes related to the present embodiment among the processes executed every predetermined time in the entertainment system 10. The processing shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 is executed by the MPU 11 executing a program supplied to the entertainment system 10 via an information transmission medium such as a DVD-ROM or via a communication network such as the Internet. Realized.

  First, the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires the operation state of the controller 42 (S1).

  Then, the operation state change determination unit 108 confirms whether or not the operation state of the controller 42 has been acquired in the process shown in S1 (S2). If the operation state change determination unit 108 has not acquired the operation state of the controller 42 (S2: N), the process ends.

  When the operation state change determination unit 108 acquires the operation state of the controller 42 (S2: Y), the operation state indicated by the operation state data stored in the operation state storage unit 106 and the operation state in the process shown in S1 It is determined whether or not the operation state acquired by the acquisition unit 104 corresponds (S3).

  Here, when the operation state indicated by the operation state data stored in the operation state storage unit 106 corresponds to the operation state detected in the process shown in S1 (S3: Y), the reference distance data storage unit 96 is used. The ground surface reference distance data stored in the table and the moving speed data stored in the viewpoint moving speed data storage unit 100 are acquired (S4).

  When the operation state indicated by the operation state data stored in the operation state storage unit 106 does not correspond to the operation state detected in the process shown in S1 (S3: N), the reference distance calculation unit 94 may The reference distance D is calculated, and the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 determines the movement speed v of the viewpoint 66 (S5). The reference distance calculation unit 94 stores the terrain surface reference distance data indicating the calculated terrain surface reference distance D in the reference distance data storage unit 96. At this time, if the terrain surface reference distance data is stored in the reference distance data storage unit 96, the reference distance calculation unit 94 updates the terrain surface reference distance data. Then, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 stores movement speed data indicating the determined movement speed v in the viewpoint movement speed data storage unit 100. At this time, when movement speed data is stored in the viewpoint movement speed data storage unit 100, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 updates the movement speed data. (S6).

  Then, based on the movement speed v indicated by the movement speed data acquired in the process shown in S4 or the movement speed v determined in the process shown in S5, the pitch angle change center point 80 by the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 is changed. The relative pitch angle data 144 is changed by the movement or the relative pitch angle data changing unit 116 (S7).

  Then, the allowable range calculation unit 102 calculates the maximum pitch angle θmax based on the moved position of the pitch angle change center point 80, and the viewpoint data storage unit 88 stores the maximum pitch angle data 142 indicating the maximum pitch angle θmax. The maximum pitch angle data 142 stored in is updated (S8).

  The pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 calculates the yaw angle φ based on the position of the pitch angle change center point 80, and updates the yaw angle data 140 stored in the viewpoint data storage unit 88 (S9). ).

  Then, the pitch angle calculation unit 118 calculates the pitch angle θ based on the relative pitch angle θ indicated by the relative pitch angle data 144 and the maximum pitch angle θmax indicated by the maximum pitch angle data 142 (S10).

  Then, the viewpoint movement speed determination unit 98 calculates a pitch angle change radius r that is a product of the pitch angle change center point terrain surface distance d1 and the pitch angle change center point terrain surface distance d1 with a given ratio. (S11).

  The viewpoint moving unit 110 calculates the current position of the pitch angle change center point 80, the pitch angle change radius r calculated in the process shown in S11, the yaw angle φ calculated in the process shown in S9, and the process shown in S10. Based on the pitch angle θ, the position of the viewpoint 66 and the line-of-sight direction 68 are calculated, the viewpoint 66 is moved to the calculated position, and the line-of-sight direction 68 is changed to the calculated direction (S12).

  Then, the reference distance calculation unit 94 calculates a value of the first topographic surface distance D1 and a value of the second topographic surface distance D2 (S13).

  The value obtained by subtracting the value of the terrain surface reference distance D indicated by the terrain surface reference distance data stored in the reference distance data storage unit 96 from the value of the first terrain surface distance D1 by the reference distance calculation unit 94 The value obtained by subtracting the value of the terrain surface reference distance D indicated by the terrain surface reference distance data stored in the reference distance data storage unit 96 from the value of the second terrain surface distance D2 is larger than the surface reference distance buffer ΔD. It is confirmed whether or not it is larger than the terrain surface reference distance buffer ΔD (S14).

  Here, when the condition shown in S13 is satisfied (S14: Y), the reference distance calculation unit 94 sets the reference distance data to a smaller value of the first topographic surface distance D1 and the second topographic surface distance D2. The value of the terrain surface reference distance D indicated by the terrain surface reference distance data stored in the storage unit 96 is updated (S15). Then, the pitch angle change center point position correcting unit 122 corrects the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 and the position of the viewpoint 66 (S16).

  When the condition shown in S14 is not satisfied (S14: N), the value of the first terrain surface distance D1 from the value of the terrain surface reference distance D indicated by the terrain surface reference distance data stored in the reference distance data storage unit 96. Is larger than the terrain surface reference distance buffer ΔD, and the second terrain surface distance D2 is calculated from the value of the terrain surface reference distance D indicated by the terrain surface reference distance data stored in the reference distance data storage unit 96. It is confirmed whether or not the value obtained by subtracting the value is larger than the terrain surface reference distance buffer ΔD (S17). If the condition shown in S17 is not satisfied (S17: N), the process shown in S19 is executed.

  Here, when the condition shown in S17 is satisfied (S17: Y), the reference distance calculation unit 94 sets the reference distance data to a larger value of the first topographic surface distance D1 and the second topographic surface distance D2. The value of the terrain surface reference distance D indicated by the terrain surface reference distance data stored in the storage unit 96 is updated (S18). Then, the pitch angle change center point position correcting unit 122 corrects the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 and the position of the viewpoint 66 (S16).

  Then, the viewpoint position correcting unit 120 calculates the viewpoint terrain surface distance d2 (S19). Then, the viewpoint position correcting unit 120 checks whether or not the value of the viewpoint terrain surface distance d2 is smaller than the minimum viewpoint terrain surface distance d2min (S20).

  When the value of the viewpoint terrain plane distance d2 is smaller than the minimum viewpoint terrain plane distance d2min (S20: Y), the viewpoint position correcting unit 120 sets the viewpoint 66 to the viewpoint terrain plane distance d2 of the minimum viewpoint terrain plane. The position is corrected to a position where the inter-surface distance is d2 min or more (S21). If the value of the viewpoint terrain surface distance d2 is not smaller than the minimum viewpoint terrain surface distance d2min (S20: N), the process shown in S22 is executed.

  Then, based on the current position of the viewpoint 66 and the current position of the pitch angle change center point 80, the virtual space display unit 86 monitors an image showing the viewing direction 68 from the viewpoint 66 in the virtual space 64. 26 is displayed on the screen 26 (S22).

  In this manner, the position of the viewpoint 66 and the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 are moved according to the user's operation, and the virtual space is based on the position of the viewpoint 66 and the position of the pitch angle change center point 80 after the movement. An image showing the state of viewing 64 is displayed on the screen of the monitor 26.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

  Hereinafter, a modified embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Note that a description of points in common with the above embodiment is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, the viewpoint data storage unit 88 stores viewpoint data 134 including movement reference point position data 164, forward data 166, elevation data 168, viewpoint altitude data 170, and pitch angle data 172 ( (See FIG. 16). FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the data structure of the viewpoint data 134 in the present embodiment. FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the virtual earth object, the viewpoint position, and the line-of-sight direction according to the present embodiment.

  In this embodiment, the movement reference point position data 164 is data indicating the position of the movement reference point 174 that is the intersection of the straight line passing through the pitch angle change center point 80 and the reference plane 130 and the reference plane 130. For example, it is represented by three-dimensional coordinate values and data indicating latitude and longitude.

  The forward direction data 166 is data that is a direction perpendicular to the normal line of the reference plane 130 and indicates a forward direction 176 corresponding to an upward operation of the left operation stick described later. For example, the forward direction data 166 is represented by three-dimensional vector data. Expressed.

  In the present embodiment, the altitude data 168 is data indicating altitude, which is the distance between the pitch angle change center point projection point 158 and the movement reference point 174 in the initial state.

  In this embodiment, the viewpoint altitude data 170 includes the pitch angle change center point projection point 158 in the initial state, the distance to the pitch angle change center point 80, the viewpoint 66, and the distance to the pitch angle change center point 80. It is data indicating the viewpoint height that is the sum.

  The pitch angle data 172 is data indicating the pitch angle θ.

  In the present embodiment, first, the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires an operation state (S51).

  When the posture data (X, Y) of the left operation stick 54 is acquired (S52: Y), based on the posture data (X, Y) of the left operation stick 54 acquired by the operation state acquisition unit 104. The pitch angle change center point is located at a coordinate position where the Y-axis direction of the left operation stick 54 corresponds to the direction of the forward direction 176 and the X-axis direction corresponds to the direction of 90 degrees to the right of the forward direction 176. The moving unit 112 moves the movement reference point 174 along the reference plane 130 (S53). At this time, the forward data 166 may be changed according to the change of the movement reference point position data 164. At this time, the viewpoint altitude data 170 and the pitch angle data 172 are not changed. On the other hand, the altitude data 168 is changed. How the altitude data 168 is changed will be described later.

  When the condition shown in S52 is not satisfied (S52: N), the process shown in S54 is executed.

  When the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires the posture data (X, Y) of the right operation stick 56 (S54: Y), the posture data (X, Y) of the right operation stick 56 acquired by the operation state acquisition unit 104 Based on (Y), the pitch angle changing unit 114 increases / decreases the pitch angle θ and changes the forward data 166 (that is, increases / decreases the yaw angle φ) (S55). Specifically, for example, when the value of Y acquired by the operation state acquisition unit 104 is positive (negative), the pitch angle changing unit 114 decreases (increases) the value of the pitch angle θ. Further, when the value of X acquired by the operation state acquisition unit 104 is positive (negative), the front direction 176 is rotated clockwise (counterclockwise) with respect to the normal direction of the reference plane 130. The direction data 166 is changed. As a result, the pitch angle θ and the yaw angle φ are changed. At this time, the movement reference point position data 164 and the viewpoint altitude data 170 are not changed. On the other hand, the altitude data 168 is changed. How the altitude data 168 is changed will be described later.

  When the condition shown in S54 is not satisfied (S54: N), the process shown in S56 is executed.

  When the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires a digital value equal to or greater than a given value indicating the pressing force of the second left button 52L or the second right button 52R (S56: Y), the viewpoint altitude data 170 is changed. (S57). Specifically, for example, when a digital value equal to or greater than a given value indicating the pressing force of the second left button 52L is acquired, the viewpoint moving unit 110 moves the viewpoint 66 away from the pitch angle change center point 80. Move in the direction. When the operation state acquisition unit 104 acquires a digital value equal to or greater than a given value indicating the pressing force of the second right button 52R, the viewpoint moving unit 110 displays the viewpoint 66 with the pitch angle change center point 80. Move in the direction approaching. At this time, the forward data 166, the movement reference point position data 164, and the pitch angle data 172 are not changed. On the other hand, the altitude data 168 is changed. How the altitude data 168 is changed will be described later.

  When the condition shown in S56 is not satisfied (S56: N), the process shown in S58 is executed.

  Then, the pitch angle change center point position correction unit 112 changes the altitude data 168 (S58).

  Specifically, for example, the distance between the pitch angle change center point projection point 158 and the reference plane 130 is the first terrain plane distance D1, and the distance between the viewpoint projection point 160 and the reference plane 130 is the second terrain. The surface distance D2 is measured. Here, an intersection of a straight line that passes through the viewpoint projection point 160 and is perpendicular to the reference plane 130 and the reference plane 130 is defined as a viewpoint reference point 178. Here, the pitch angle change center point position correction unit 112 calculates the latitude of the movement reference point 174 from the elevation database in which the relationship between the latitude and longitude and the elevation is shown from the data indicating the latitude and longitude of the viewpoint reference point 178. The first topographic surface distance D1 may be calculated based on the data indicating the longitude and the longitude, and the second topographic surface distance D2 may be calculated based on the data indicating the latitude and longitude of the viewpoint reference point 178.

  Then, the pitch angle change center point position correction unit 112 changes the altitude data 168. Specifically, for example, the difference between the elevation value indicated by the elevation data 168 and the value of the first terrain surface distance D1, and the difference between the elevation value indicated by the elevation data 168 and the value of the second terrain surface distance D2. Is greater than a predetermined range (for example, 0.1 times the viewpoint altitude), the altitude data 168 is updated. At this time, the predetermined range is desirably smaller than a viewpoint altitude fraction (to be described later, for example, 0.2) in order to prevent the viewpoint 66 from colliding with the topographic surface 132.

  Here, for example, a value obtained by subtracting 0.1 times the viewpoint altitude from the smaller one of the first terrain surface distance D1 and the second terrain surface distance D2 is smaller than the altitude value. The pitch angle changing center point position correcting unit 112 sets the altitude value to 0.1 times the viewpoint altitude from the smaller one of the first terrain surface distance D1 value and the second terrain surface distance D2 value. Change to the subtracted value. On the other hand, when the value obtained by adding 0.1 times the viewpoint altitude to the larger one of the first terrain surface distance D1 and the second terrain surface distance D2 is greater than the altitude value, A value obtained by adding 0.1 times the viewpoint altitude to the larger one of the first terrain surface distance D1 and the second terrain surface distance D2 by the pitch angle change center point position correcting unit 112. Change to In this way, the altitude value is obtained by subtracting 0.1 times the viewpoint altitude from the smaller one of the first terrain surface distance D1 value and the second terrain surface distance D2 value, It falls within a range between a value obtained by adding 0.1 times the viewpoint height to the larger value of the value of the topographic surface distance D1 and the value of the second topographic surface distance D2.

  The pitch angle changing center point moving unit 112 moves the position of the pitch angle changing center point 80, and the viewpoint moving unit 110 moves the position of the viewpoint 66 (S59). Specifically, the pitch angle change center point moving unit 112 has a viewpoint altitude fraction that is a given ratio of the altitude value and the viewpoint altitude in a direction perpendicular to the reference plane 130 from the movement reference point 174. The pitch angle change center point 80 is changed to a point separated by a distance obtained by adding a value multiplied by (for example, 0.2). Then, the viewpoint moving unit 110 has a pitch angle θ from the direction perpendicular to the reference plane 130 with respect to the pitch angle change center point 80 as the pitch angle θ. The position of the viewpoint 66 is moved from the pitch angle change center point 80 to a point separated by the distance indicated by the value obtained by multiplying the viewpoint altitude by a ratio obtained by subtracting the viewpoint altitude fraction from 1 (for example, 0.8). .

  Then, based on the current position of the viewpoint 66 and the current position of the pitch angle change center point 80, the virtual space display unit 86 monitors an image showing the viewing direction 68 from the viewpoint 66 in the virtual space 64. 26 screen (S60).

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment.

  For example, in the above embodiment, one virtual object exists in the virtual space 64, but a plurality of virtual objects may exist in the virtual space 64.

It is a hardware block diagram which shows an example of the hardware configuration of the entertainment system used as an image display apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a detailed block diagram which shows an example of the detail of MPU. It is a perspective view which shows an example of a controller. It is an upper side view showing an example of a controller. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that looked at the gaze direction from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that looked at the gaze direction from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that looked at the gaze direction from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the eyes | visual_axis direction was seen from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the eyes | visual_axis direction was seen from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the eyes | visual_axis direction was seen from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the eyes | visual_axis direction was seen from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the eyes | visual_axis direction was seen from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the eyes | visual_axis direction was seen from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the eyes | visual_axis direction was seen from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the eyes | visual_axis direction was seen from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the eyes | visual_axis direction was seen from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the eyes | visual_axis direction was seen from the viewpoint in virtual space. It is a functional block diagram which shows an example of the function of the entertainment system used as an image display apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing explaining an example of the relationship between the virtual earth object which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, the position of a viewpoint, and a gaze direction. It is a figure which shows an example of the data structure of ground surface data. It is a figure which shows an example of the data structure of viewpoint data. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the relationship in the initial state of the virtual earth object which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, the position of a viewpoint, and a gaze direction. It is a figure which shows an example of a tolerance | permissible_range. It is a figure which shows another example of a tolerance | permissible_range. It is a figure which shows an example of the flow of the process performed with the entertainment system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the flow of the process performed with the entertainment system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the flow of the process performed with the entertainment system which concerns on another embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows another example of the data structure of viewpoint data. It is explanatory drawing explaining an example of the relationship between the virtual earth object which concerns on another embodiment of this invention, the position of a viewpoint, and a gaze direction. It is a figure which shows an example of the image which shows a mode that the gaze direction was seen from the viewpoint in the conventional virtual space.

Explanation of symbols

  10 Entertainment System, 11 MPU, 12 Main Processor, 14a-14h Sub-Processor, 16 Bus, 18 Memory Controller, 20 Main Memory, 22, 40, 44 Interface, 24 Image Processing Unit, 26 Monitor, 28 Input / Output Processing Unit, 30 Audio processing unit, 32 speaker, 34 optical disk reading unit, 36 optical disk, 38 hard disk, 42 controller, 42a surface, 46 camera unit, 48 network interface, 50L first left button, 50R first right button, 52L second Left button, 52R Second right button, 54 Left operation stick, 56 Right operation stick, 58 button group, 60 direction button group, 62 Controller cable, 64 Virtual space, 66 viewpoint, 68 line of sight Direction, 70 field of view, 72 virtual earth object, 74 mountains, 74a peak, 76 hills, 78 cliffs, 80 pitch angle change center point, 82 virtual object data storage unit, 84 virtual object data acquisition unit, 86 virtual space display unit, 88 viewpoint data storage unit, 90 gazing point position calculation unit, 92 pitch angle change center point position calculation unit, 94 reference distance calculation unit, 96 reference distance data storage unit, 98 viewpoint movement speed determination unit, 100 viewpoint movement speed data storage unit , 102 Allowable range calculation unit, 104 Operation state acquisition unit, 106 Operation state storage unit, 108 Operation state change determination unit, 110 View point movement unit, 112 Pitch angle change center point movement unit, 114 Pitch angle change unit, 116 Relative pitch angle Data change unit, 118 pitch angle calculation unit, 120 viewpoint position correction unit, 122 pitch angle change Center point position correction unit, 124 ground surface data, 126 reference plane data, 128 terrain plane data, 130 reference plane, 132 terrain plane, 134 viewpoint data, 136 gazing point, 138 pitch angle change center point position data, 140 yaw angle data 142 Maximum pitch angle data, 144 Relative pitch angle data, 146 Yaw angle reference direction, 148 Pitch angle change center point reference plane, 150 Yaw angle direction, 152 Pitch angle change center point movement reference direction, 154 Pitch angle change reference direction, 156 Pitch angle change plane, 158 Pitch angle change center point projection point, 160 viewpoint projection point, 162 tolerance, 164 movement reference point position data, 166 forward data, 168 elevation data, 170 viewpoint altitude data, 172 pitch angle data, 174 Movement reference point, 176 forward direction, 178 viewpoint base Point, B1 horizon.

Claims (8)

An image display device that displays an image showing a state of viewing a visual field area determined from a viewpoint and a line-of-sight direction in a virtual space where a virtual object is arranged,
An allowable range calculation means for calculating a movement allowable range of the viewpoint position and / or a change allowable range of the line-of-sight direction based on a size of an area where the visual field area and a closed area occupied by the virtual object intersect;
Viewpoint moving means for performing movement of the position of the viewpoint and / or change of the line-of-sight direction within the allowable range in accordance with a viewpoint moving operation by a user;
An image display device comprising: The allowable range calculation means calculates the position of the viewpoint and / or the visual line direction when the line-of-sight direction is a direction corresponding to a tangential direction with respect to the closed region as a boundary between the allowable range and the outside of the allowable range. To
The image display apparatus according to claim 1. In response to the pitch angle change operation by the user, the pitch angle is changed around the pitch angle change center point existing on the straight line from the viewpoint to the line-of-sight direction from the current position of the viewpoint, and the pitch angle is changed after the pitch angle is changed. Pitch angle changing means for changing the line-of-sight direction so as to face the pitch angle change center point from the position of the viewpoint,
The allowable range calculating means is configured to determine the position of the viewpoint and / or the line-of-sight direction when a direction of a straight line passing through the pitch angle changing center point and the viewpoint is a direction corresponding to a tangential direction with respect to the closed region. Calculate as a boundary between the range and outside the allowable range,
The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The allowable range calculating means calculates a pitch angle range;
The viewpoint pitch angle changing means changes the pitch angle within the range of the pitch angle calculated by the allowable range calculating means;
The image display device according to claim 3. The allowable range calculation means calculates an angle formed by a straight line passing through the pitch angle change center point and the viewpoint and a straight line passing through the pitch angle change center point perpendicular to the area indicating the virtual object. A relative pitch angle data storage means for storing relative pitch angle data indicating a ratio to a maximum pitch angle that is a maximum value of a range of pitch angles;
Relative pitch angle data changing means for changing the relative pitch angle data stored in the relative pitch angle data storage means in response to a relative pitch angle changing operation by a user;
A pitch angle calculating means for calculating a pitch angle based on the ratio to the maximum pitch angle indicated by the relative pitch angle data and the maximum pitch angle;
Further including
The pitch angle changing means changes the pitch angle based on the pitch angle calculated by the pitch angle calculating means and the position of the pitch angle changing center point;
The image display device according to claim 4. A control method of an image display device for displaying an image showing a state of viewing a visual field region determined from a viewpoint and a line-of-sight direction in a virtual space where a virtual object is arranged,
An allowable range calculating step of calculating a movement allowable range of the viewpoint position and / or a change allowable range of the line-of-sight direction based on a size of an area where the visual field area and a closed area occupied by the virtual object intersect;
A viewpoint movement step of performing movement of the position of the viewpoint and / or change of the line-of-sight direction within the allowable range in accordance with a viewpoint movement operation by the user;
A control method for an image display device. A program for causing a computer to function as an image display device that displays an image showing a view of a visual field area determined from a viewpoint and a line-of-sight direction in a virtual space where a virtual object is arranged,
An allowable range calculating means for calculating a movement allowable range of the viewpoint position and / or a change allowable range of the line-of-sight direction based on a size of an area where the visual field area and the closed area occupied by the virtual object intersect;
Viewpoint moving means for performing movement of the position of the viewpoint and / or change of the line-of-sight direction within the allowable range in accordance with a viewpoint movement operation by a user;
As a program to make the computer function.   A computer-readable information storage medium storing the program according to claim 7.

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