JP2009244257A - Test method and test reagent for cancer invasion and metastasis - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a test reagent and a test method for diagnosing cancer invasion and metastasis which are simple, and have excellent sensitivity and quantitative performance. <P>SOLUTION: The method is characterized by measuring a cytochrome c concentration in a body fluid such as a blood serum, and using it as an index of the cancer invasion and metastasis. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for examining cancer invasion and metastasis, and a reagent for testing, by measuring cytochrome c in a biological sample, particularly blood.

  Although cancer is a disease based on abnormal cell growth, recent studies have revealed that cancer cells grow on the delicate balance of cell division and cell death. There are two patterns of cancer cell death: necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis, also called cell necrosis, is cell death caused by oxygen deficiency or malnutrition due to cancer overgrowth in a limited space. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is cell death controlled by cell genes, also called cell suicide, and is controlled by many genes. Particularly in cancer cells, mutations and abnormal expression are often observed in genes, and it is said that this changes the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis. Intracellular mitochondrial pathways exist as one of the signaling pathways that cause apoptosis in cells. In the mitochondrial pathway, an apoptotic signal is entered by releasing cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm. It is said that cytochrome c in the cytoplasm binds to Apaf-1, which is an apoptosis regulator, and then activates caspase, a proteolytic enzyme, leading to cell death. It is known that cytochrome c is further released extracellularly and becomes an index of apoptosis occurring in the living body by measuring the cytochrome c value in blood (Non-patent Document 2, Patent Document 1, 2) Use as a diagnostic marker for many diseases is expected.

  Properties that make cancer malignant include invasion of surrounding tissues and metastasis to other organs. As diagnostic methods for invasion and metastasis, histopathological diagnosis by excision of tissue and image diagnosis by CT, MRI, etc. are generally used. However, histopathological examination by excision of the tissue involves invasion of the patient, requires microscopic observation by a skilled person, and takes time until the result becomes clear. Image diagnosis is a non-invasive method and results are quickly identified, but expensive equipment is required, and detection of minute cancers and infiltration at the cellular level is difficult. In view of such a situation, a simple and inexpensive test method using a biomarker contained in a biological sample such as blood is expected with little invasiveness to the patient, but it is still useful for accurately diagnosing cancer invasion and metastasis. There are no biomarkers.

WO 01/35093 JP2003-028860

Andrea Renz, et al. Rapid extracellular release of cytochrome c is specific for apoptosis and markers cell death in vivo, BLOOD, 98 (5) 1542-1548,2001 Z.BEN-ARI, et al. Circulating soluble cytochrome c in liver disease as marker of apoptosis, Journal of Internal Medicine, 254,168-175,2003

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a test reagent and a test method that are simple and highly accurate for diagnosing invasion and metastasis of cancer by measuring cytochrome c in a biological sample, particularly blood.

  As a result of measuring cytochrome c in serum of various cancer patients by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method with high sensitivity and excellent quantitative accuracy, the present inventors have found that cytochrome c value is higher in patients with metastasis than in patients without metastasis. Was found to be significantly higher. Further, the present inventors completed the present invention by finding that patients with infiltration of cancer cells into surrounding tissues have a significantly higher cytochrome c value than patients without infiltration.

  That is, the present invention relates to the following.

1. A test method comprising measuring cytochrome c in a body fluid and using the measurement result as an indicator of cancer invasion and metastasis.
2. 2. The method according to 1, wherein cytochrome c is measured by an immunochemical method.
3. A reagent for examining cancer invasion and metastasis, which comprises a reagent for measuring cytochrome c in body fluids. 4). 4. The reagent according to 3, wherein cytochrome c is measured by an immunochemical method.

  By measuring cytochrome c in body fluid, it becomes possible to diagnose cancer invasion and metastasis, and a simple and highly accurate test method and test reagent are provided.

A comparison of serum cytochrome c values between a patient group without metastasis and a patient group with metastasis is shown. Serum cytochrome c levels between patients without cancer invasion to surrounding tissues, patients with extracapsular / extraserous invasion but without lymphatic / vascular invasion, and patients with lymphatic / vascular invasion A comparison is shown. The ROC analysis result of LDH and cytochrome c in the diagnostic ability of metastasis (except for lymph node metastasis) is shown. The ROC analysis result of LDH and cytochrome c in the diagnostic ability of infiltration is shown.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
The test method of the present invention is a method for testing cancer invasion and metastasis, characterized by measuring cytochrome c in a body fluid of a cancer patient and using the measurement result as an index of cancer invasion and metastasis. Using as an index means comparing the measured value of cytochrome c in the body fluid of a cancer patient with the measured value of a group that has not metastasized or infiltrated, and the presence or absence of metastasis or invasion is examined based on the comparison result. . As the measurement value of the group that has not metastasized or infiltrated, the measurement value of the group that has not been metastasized or infiltrated in advance may be used. Specifically, it can be determined that there is cancer metastasis or invasion when the value is higher than the measured value of the group that has not metastasized or infiltrated. That is, the inspection method of the present invention includes the following steps.
(1) Measure cytochrome c in body fluid of cancer patients,
(2) Compare the measured value with the measured value of the group not metastasized or infiltrated,
(3) The process of judging that it has metastasized or infiltrated when it is a high value.

  Here, the body fluid means blood, plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid and the like collected from a living body.

As a method for measuring cytochrome c in a body fluid, an immunochemical method, a method by electrophoresis, a method by chromatography, or the like can be considered. As a method by electrophoresis, there are a method of detecting cytochrome c as a band by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a method of detecting as a peak by capillary electrophoresis, and the like. Further, as a method by chromatography, there is a method of detecting as a peak by high performance liquid chromatography. In some cases, fluorescent labeling is allowed to increase sensitivity, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

  As a method for measuring cytochrome c, an immunochemical method is preferable from the viewpoint of sensitivity and simplicity. Here, the immunochemical method is a method for quantifying cytochrome c using an antibody against cytochrome c. Immunochemical methods include competitive methods that label cytochrome c, sandwich methods that label antibodies, latex bead methods that observe the aggregation of antibody-bound beads, and antibody-bound latex particles that are developed on the membrane and reacted. Although there are various methods such as immunochromatography, any method using an antibody against cytochrome c is included in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The antibody may be a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody. There are various labeling methods such as labeling with a radioisotope, labeling with an electrochemiluminescent compound, fluorescent labeling, enzyme labeling, biotin labeling, etc., but the present invention is not limited to these examples. .

  The polyclonal antibody (antiserum) or monoclonal antibody used in the present invention can be produced by an existing general production method. For example, a monoclonal antibody is prepared by preparing a hybridoma from an antibody-producing cell and a myeloma cell (myeloma cell) having no autoantibody-producing ability (Nature, 256, 495-497, 1975), The hybridoma can be cloned and produced by selecting a clone that produces a monoclonal antibody exhibiting specific affinity for the antigen used for immunization of the mammal.

  In the case of a monoclonal antibody, a monoclonal antibody having any isotype such as IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, or IgE is also included. Preferably, it is IgG or IgM.

Furthermore, the antibody in the present invention includes an antibody fragment. This “antibody fragment” includes F (ab ′) ₂ , Fab ′, Fab, Fv (variable fragment of antibody), sFv, dsFv (disulphide stabilized Fv) or dAb (single domain)
antibody) (Expert Opin. Ther. Patents, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 441-456, 1996).

  As an example of an immunochemical method for measuring cytochrome c, the sandwich method will be described below step by step.

  1) An antibody against cytochrome c is immobilized on a bead or cup. The beads may be microbeads, in which case magnetic microbeads are preferred. The solid phase may be bound by covalent bonds or non-covalent bonds. Usually, a blocking operation is performed with a protein such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) or casein, or a surfactant such as Tween 20 in order to block non-specific binding sites on the beads or cup.

  2) If necessary, dilute the sample with a buffer containing a protein such as BSA or casein, or a surfactant such as Tween 20, and add it to the beads or cup. In addition, a known amount of cytochrome c is also diluted in the same manner for preparing a calibration curve.

  3) Labeled antibody diluted with a buffer containing a surfactant such as Tween 20 or preferably a protein such as BSA or casein after washing the beads or cup with a buffer containing a surfactant such as Tween 20 if possible Add

  4) If possible, wash the beads or cup with a buffer containing a surfactant such as Tween 20, and then measure the beads or cup by a method according to the label. For example, radioactivity is measured for radiolabel, enzyme activity is measured for enzyme label, and luminescence is measured for electrochemiluminescent compound label. If it is a biotinylated label, labeled avidin is further added, and measurement is performed by a method according to the label.

  5) A calibration curve is created from a known amount of cytochrome c, and the amount of cytochrome c contained in the sample is calculated.

  Through the above steps, cytochrome c in the specimen is measured.

  In the measurement of cytochrome c, an anti-cytochrome c antibody and cytochrome c are preferably reacted in the acidic region (see International Publication No. WO 2006/112445). The acidic region is a pH region where the influence of interfering substances in the body fluid that affects the binding between the antibody and cytochrome c is attenuated, and is usually pH 7 or less, preferably pH 3.0 to pH 6.0, more preferably It is pH 3.5 to pH 5, particularly preferably pH 3.5 to pH 4.5.

  By using the measurement result of cytochrome c as an index, the presence or absence of cancer invasion and metastasis is examined. For example, when the measured value of cytochrome c is higher than a normal value (measured value of a group not metastasized or infiltrated), it can be assumed that invasion and metastasis of cancer are detected. Alternatively, a normal value upper limit (cutoff value) may be set as a normal value (for example, the average value of the concentration of the control group + 3 times the standard deviation), and the presence or absence of infiltration and metastasis may be determined by comparison with the normal value. In addition, the normal value may be determined in advance by measuring the measured value of cytochrome c in a group that has not metastasized or infiltrated.

  As the immunochemical method, the sandwich method is preferable. The sandwich method is an immunochemical method such as an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method using a state in which an antigen is sandwiched between an immobilized antibody and a labeled antibody. The sandwich method is a method suitable for quantifying cytochrome c in a body fluid having a high protein concentration with high sensitivity.

  In the measurement of cytochrome c by the sandwich method, the reaction in the acidic region is not limited to the first reaction in which the immobilized antibody and cytochrome c in the sample are reacted, but the interfering substances are removed in the first reaction. It is also effective to use it in the second reaction (a step of reacting cytochrome c with a labeled antibody) when it cannot be exhausted.

  The present invention also relates to a test reagent for examining cancer invasion and metastasis by measuring cytochrome c, which reagent contains a reagent for measuring cytochrome c in body fluids. The reagent for quantifying cytochrome c is preferably a reagent for measuring by an immunochemical method. Examples of such a measuring reagent include an antibody against cytochrome c.

  The test reagent of the present invention is preferably a test reagent for measuring cytochrome c in a body fluid by a sandwich method, which comprises an antibody against cytochrome c as a constituent component. The test reagent of this embodiment may have the same configuration as that of a reagent (kit) used in a normal sandwich method, except that an anti-cytochrome c antibody is used as an antibody. As an example, a test reagent for measuring cytochrome c by the sandwich method is, for example, 1) anti-cytochrome c antibody-binding solid phase such as anti-cytochrome c antibody-binding beads and anti-cytochrome c antibody-binding cups, and 2) labeled anti-cytochrome c. A reagent containing an antibody, 3) a cytochrome c standard antigen solution of known concentration, 4) a reaction solution, and 5) a washing solution. Furthermore, if it is an enzyme label, it may contain 6) a chromogenic substrate and 7) a reaction stop solution.

The test reagent of the present invention may be characterized in that the reaction between the anti-cytochrome c antibody and cytochrome c is carried out in an acidic buffer solution. For example, the reagent for a test | inspection with which the reaction of cytochrome c and an anti- cytochrome c antibody was described on acidic conditions in the instruction manual attached to the test reagent is mentioned. Moreover, it is good also as a test reagent containing the reaction buffer adjusted to acidity.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Reference Example 1] Purification of anti-cytochrome cIgG Rat cytochrome c (manufactured by Sigma) was immunized to a rabbit to obtain an antiserum against cytochrome c. Ammonium sulfate was added to the antiserum to a final concentration of 2 M and stirred at room temperature (20-30 ° C.) for 5 hours. The stirred solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes, and the supernatant was discarded. The precipitate was dissolved by adding 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.2, and dialyzed against 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.2.

  The dialyzed solution is applied to a CNBr-Sepharose4B (GE Healthcare Bioscience) column coupled with bovine cytochrome c (Sigma), and the column is washed with 0.01 M Tris-HCl buffer solution pH 7.5 containing 0.15 M NaCl. IgG was eluted with M guanidine hydrochloride. The eluted IgG was dialyzed against 0.01 M Tris-HCl buffer solution pH 7.5 containing 0.15 M NaCl to obtain a purified product of anti-cytochrome cIgG.

[Reference Example 2] Preparation of anti-cytochrome cIgG F (ab ') ₂ polyclonal antibody The purified anti-cytochrome cIgG was dialyzed against 0.1 M acetate buffer pH 4.2, and pepsin (Sigma) at a protein concentration ratio of 20: 1. And allowed to react at 37 ° C. for 16 hours. 1 N NaOH was added to adjust the pH to 7.5, and the mixture was passed through a Sephacryl S-200 (GE Healthcare Bioscience) column equilibrated with 0.01 M Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.5 containing 0.15 M NaCl, followed by gel filtration. The first peak of the fraction was collected and concentrated to obtain an anti-cytochrome cIgG F (ab ′) ₂ polyclonal antibody.

[Reference Example 3] Preparation of anti-cytochrome c monoclonal antibody Human cytochrome c (R & D Systems) 110 µg / 100 µL and 2 mg / mL ovalbumin 55 µL dissolved in 65 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.5 were mixed. 42 μL of 1 mM glutaraldehyde diluted with mM phosphate buffer pH 7.5 was added and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Next, dialyzed against 0.15 M NaCl at 4 ° C. for 48 hours to prepare equal amounts of FCA and adjuvant,
Immunized with mL. Immunization was performed in the same manner three times every two weeks. Two weeks after the third immunization, mice were intravenously injected with 50 μg / 100 μL of human cytochrome c dissolved in physiological saline through the tail vein. Three days later, the spleen was removed from the mouse, and spleen lymphocytes were fused with myeloma cells P3X63 Ag8U.1 by the polyethylene glycol method according to a conventional method. Screening was performed using human cytochrome c as an antigen, and monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas (clone: 3G7 and 27G9) against human cytochrome c were established.

  The established hybridoma was grown by culturing in Escron SF-B medium (Sanko Junyaku Co., Ltd.) and inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of BALB / C mice. One week later, ascites was collected. IgG was purified from the collected ascites using protein A to obtain anti-cytochrome c antibodies (3G7 antibody and 27G9 antibody).

[Reference Example 4] Preparation of anti-cytochrome c antibody-immobilized beads Anti-cytochrome c monoclonal antibody (clone: 2B5F8 (R & D Systems) or clone: 6H2.B4 (Becton Dickinson)) 0.1M acetic acid containing 0.15M NaCl The solution was dialyzed against a buffer solution (pH 4.2) and diluted with a 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (pH 4.2) containing 0.15 M NaCl so that the OD 280 nm was 0.56. Add 1.67 mL of diluted antibody to 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH) containing 0.15 M NaCl in advance using a magnet.
4.2) 3 mL was washed 3 times with beads (Dynabeads ^R M-450 Epoxy, mixed with Dynal Corp.) 3.36 mL min, and stirred at room temperature for 17 hours. Next, the beads were suspended in 3 mL of blocking buffer (50 mM Tris · HCl, 1% BSA, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.1% NaN ₃ , pH 7.5) and stirred at room temperature for 7 hours to block the beads. The blocked beads were adjusted to 3 × 10 ⁷ per sample at the time of use and used for measurement.

[Reference Example 5] Preparation of ruthenium complex-labeled anti-cytochrome c antibody Anti-cytochrome c monoclonal antibody (3G7 antibody or 27G9 antibody) prepared in Reference Example 3 or anti-cytochrome cIgG F (ab ') ₂ polyclonal antibody prepared in Reference Example 2 Is dialyzed against PBS and the antibody concentration is adjusted in the range of 0.5 mg / mL to 2 mg / mL. To 1 mL of the antibody, 12.2 μL of ruthenium complex (ruthenium (II) tris (bipyridyl) -N-hydroxysuccinimide, IGEN Corp. USA) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was added and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Next, 50 μL of 2 M glycine was added and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Sephadex G-25 (GE Healthcare Biosciences) column (1.5 cmφ x 30 cm) pre-equilibrated with PBS-3 (10 mM potassium phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.05% NaN ₃ , pH 6.0) And eluted with PBS-3, and fractions were collected at 1 mL. The OD 280 nm of each fraction was measured, and the fraction of the first peak was collected and used as a ruthenium complex-labeled anti-cytochrome c antibody. The antibody concentration was measured using Micro BCA protein Assay kit (PIERCE).

[Reference Example 6] Preparation of human cytochrome c standard antigen The cytochrome c standard antigen is human cytochrome c (R & D Systems) 0.15 M sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 5% BSA, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.1% NaN _3. Were diluted to 1000 ng / mL, 500 ng / mL, 100 ng / mL, 50 ng / mL, and 10 ng / mL.

[Example 1] Comparison of serum cytochrome c levels between cancer patients with no metastasis and cancer patients with metastasis (1) Measurement cases Total of 100 patients with surgical resection for malignant tumors (40 gastrointestinal tracts [ Esophageal cancer 3 cases, stomach cancer 11 cases, colon cancer 17 cases, liver cancer 7 cases, gallbladder cancer 2 cases], lung 17 cases [small cell cancer 2 cases, non-small cell cancer 15 cases], urinary organ 6 cases, genital organs 19 cases, Cytochrome c value was measured for serum obtained by collecting blood 1 week before surgery in 2 cases of mammary gland, 4 cases of thyroid gland, 11 cases of skin, 2 cases of soft tissue, and 5 cases of head and neck.

  In addition, cases in which metastasis of cancer to the same organ or other organs was observed by image diagnosis performed before surgery was defined as the metastasis (+) group (57 cases), and cases where metastasis was not observed were metastasized (- ) Group (42 cases). Furthermore, in the metastasis (−) group, the pathological examination of the excised surgical sample revealed that the infiltrating (+) group (26 cases) had tumor cell invasion into the surrounding tissue, and invaded the case in which no invasion was observed. (-) Group (16 cases).

(2) Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay
Inject a reaction solution (0.15 M NaCl, 15 mM EDTA, 5% N102 (manufactured by NOF Corporation), 0.1 M citrate phosphate buffer pH 4.0 containing 0.1% NaN ₃ ) into a 500 μL polypropylene reaction tube. In addition, 20 μL of each patient's serum and 5 concentrations of human cytochrome c standard antigen (1000 ng / mL, 500 ng / mL, 100 ng / mL, 50 ng / mL, 10 ng / mL) were added thereto. Subsequent measurements were performed using a fully automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay machine, Picormi ^R 8220 (Sanko Junyaku Co., Ltd.). That is, 25 μL of anti-cytochrome c antibody-immobilized bead solution adjusted to a bead concentration of 1 mg / mL with 0.15M PBS (pH 7.5) containing 1% BSA, 0.3% sucrose, 0.01% by volume Tween20, and 0.1% NaN ₃ in a reaction tube. For 9 minutes. Thereafter, the beads were washed twice with Picolumi ^R BF washing solution (Sanko Junyaku Co.) 350μL, 1% BSA, 0.3 % sucrose, 0.01 volume% Tween 20, 0.5 in 0.15 M PBS (pH 7.5) containing 0.1% NaN ₃ 200 μL of ruthenium complex-labeled anti-cytochrome c antibody solution adjusted to a concentration of ˜1 μg / mL was added and reacted for 9 minutes. The beads were washed twice with 350 μL of Picormi ^R BF washing solution, 300 μL of Picolmi ^R luminescent electrolyte (Sanko Junyaku Co., Ltd.) was added, and the amount of luminescence was measured.

  A standard curve is drawn by plotting the human cytochrome c standard antigen concentration on the horizontal axis and the luminescence level of human cytochrome c standard antigen on the vertical axis, and based on the standard curve, the cytochrome c contained in each of the sera from each patient's serum is plotted. The value was calculated.

(3) Results The distribution of serum cytochrome c value in the metastasis (+) group and metastasis (−) group is shown in FIG. 1, and the median serum cytochrome c value and the positive rate in each group are shown in Table 1. In the Mann-Whitney U test, the serum cytochrome c value in the metastasis (+) group was significantly higher (P = 0.000051) than in the metastasis (−) group. For both metastasis and invasion, when the mean value of serum cytochrome c + 3SD value in 16 patients in the (-) group was the cut-off value (25.5 ng / mL), the positive rate in the metastasis (-) group was 23.8% On the other hand, the positive rate of the metastasis (+) group was as high as 56.1%.

  In addition, in the metastasis (−) group, the distribution of the serum cytochrome c value in the infiltration (+) group and the infiltration (−) group of tumor cells in the surrounding tissue is shown in FIG. The positive rates are shown in Table 2. In the Mann-Whitney U test, the serum cytochrome c value in the infiltration (+) group was significantly higher (P = 0.00049) than that in the infiltration (−) group. When judged according to the above cut-off value (25.5 ng / mL), the positive rate in the infiltrating (−) group was 0%, whereas the positive rate in the infiltrating (+) group was as high as 38.5%. .

  This result indicates that the serum cytochrome c value is increased by cancer metastasis and infiltration into surrounding tissues, and by measuring the serum cytochrome c value, it is possible to diagnose cancer metastasis and invasion.

[Example 2] Comparison of serum cytochrome c levels according to the degree of invasion of surrounding tissues of cancer (1) Measurement cases and measurement methods From the cases used in Example 1, based on the results of pathological examination of surgically removed tissues Invasion (-) group (19 cases), cases in which tumor cells do not infiltrate outside the primary organ (capsule / serosa), invasion A group (28 cases), in which only vascular invasion is observed, outside the primary organ Cases with infiltration into the (outside of the capsule / serosa) were classified as infiltration group B (28 cases), and serum cytochrome c values were compared for each group. The serum cytochrome c value was measured by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay shown in Example 1.

(2) Results The distribution of cytochrome c values in the infiltration (−) group, infiltration A group, and infiltration B group and the positive rate in each group are shown in FIG. In addition, the value (25.5 ng / mL) shown in Example 1 was used as the cut-off value for obtaining the positive rate. In the Mann-Whitney U test, the serum cytochrome c level of the infiltrated B group was significantly higher (P = 0.003) than that of the infiltrating (−) group, and also significantly higher than that of the infiltrating A group (P = 0.03).
02) showed a high price. The positive rates were 0% in the infiltration (-) group, 29.4% in the infiltration A group, and 66.7% in the infiltration B group.
This result indicates that the serum cytochrome c level increases as the cancer infiltration degree increases.

[Example 3] Comparison of LDH and cytochrome c in cancer metastasis and invasion diagnosis (1) Measurement cases and measurement methods Among the cases used in Example 1, metastasis cases excluding those who underwent preoperative chemotherapy ( Serum cytochrome c levels and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) levels, which are cytotoxic markers, were measured in 72 cases excluding lymph node metastasis) and infiltration cases (76 cases). The serum cytochrome c value was measured by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay shown in Example 1. LDH was measured according to the JSCC standardization method based on the Japanese Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC) recommendation method.

(2) Results
The result of comparing the diagnostic ability for metastasis by ROC analysis is shown in FIG. 3, and the result of comparing the diagnostic ability for invasion is shown in FIG. The area under the curve in both FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 was greater for cytochrome c than for LDH, and the ability to diagnose metastasis and invasion was superior for cytochrome c compared to LDH.

  With the test method and diagnostic reagent of the present invention, it is possible to diagnose cancer invasion and metastasis by measuring cytochrome c in body fluids.

Claims (10)

A method for examining cancer metastasis, comprising the following steps:
(1) Measure cytochrome c in body fluid of cancer patients,
(2) Compare the measured value with the measured value of the group not transferred,
(3) a step of judging that the transfer has occurred when the price is high;
Including methods. The method according to claim 1, wherein cytochrome c is measured by an immunochemical method. The method according to claim 1, wherein the body fluid is serum. A method for examining cancer invasion, comprising the following steps:
(1) Measure cytochrome c in body fluid of cancer patients,
(2) Compare the measured value with the measured value of the group not infiltrated,
(3) a step of judging that the infiltration occurs when the price is high;
Including methods. The method according to claim 4, wherein cytochrome c is measured by an immunochemical method. The method according to claim 4, wherein the body fluid is serum. A reagent for testing cancer metastasis, comprising a measurement reagent for measuring cytochrome c in a body fluid collected from a cancer patient. The reagent for a cancer metastasis test according to claim 7, wherein the measurement reagent is an anti-cytochrome c antibody. A reagent for cancer invasion test comprising a measurement reagent for measuring cytochrome c in a body fluid collected from a cancer patient. The reagent for examination for cancer metastasis invasion according to claim 9, wherein the measurement reagent is an anti-cytochrome c antibody.

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