JP2009241750A - Reservoir of brake fluid pressure control device for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a miniaturizable reservoir of a brake fluid pressure control device for a vehicle. <P>SOLUTION: The reservoir of the brake fluid pressure control device for the vehicle includes: a bottomed cylinder hole 14 formed in a base body 1 so that a communicating passage 21 of a brake fluid is opened to the bottom side; a plug 31 provided at the opening end of the cylinder hole 14; and a piston 41 provided in the cylinder hole 14 movably in the axial direction and partitioning the cylinder hole 14 into a hydraulic chamber 22 on the communicating passage 21 side and a gas chamber 23 on the plug 31 side. Each of facing parts of the plug 31 and piston 41 is formed with magnetic substance parts 33, 43 repelling each other, and hydraulic pressure of the brake fluid moves the piston 41 to the plug 31 side against the repulsion of the respective magnetic substance parts 33, 43 to allow the inflow of the brake fluid into the hydraulic chamber 22, and the piston 41 is returned into its home position by the repulsion of the respective magnetic substance parts 33, 43. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a reservoir for a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a conventional reservoir for a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device. In this reservoir, the opening end of the cylinder hole is sealed and the gas spring action of the gas chamber is used to prevent the intrusion of foreign matter and to make the compression coil spring smaller and to reduce the size of the reservoir body. ing.

Japanese Patent No. 3676264

  However, since the reservoir of the vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device disclosed in Patent Document 1 contains the compression coil spring inside, the storage space is required, but this storage space reduces the size of the reservoir. It inhibits.

  From such a viewpoint, an object of the present invention is to provide a reservoir for a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device that can be reduced in size.

  The invention according to claim 1 which solves such a problem is a reservoir used in a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device and having a hydraulic pressure chamber for temporarily storing brake fluid during wheel brake pressure reduction control. A cylinder hole with a bottom formed in the base of the brake fluid pressure control device, where the communication path of the brake fluid opens to the bottom side, a plug provided at the opening end of the cylinder hole, and an axial movement within the cylinder hole And a piston that divides the cylinder hole into a fluid pressure chamber on the communication path side and a gas chamber on the plug side, and each of the opposing portions where the plug and the piston face each other, Magnetic body portions that repel each other are formed, and the hydraulic pressure of the brake fluid opposes the repulsive force of each magnetic body portion, and the piston is moved to the plug side to move the piston. Allowing the inflow to the hydraulic chamber of the rake liquid, wherein a reservoir of a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control apparatus characterized by returning the piston in position by the repulsive force of the magnetic body.

  According to the reservoir having such a configuration, the piston is returned from the plug side position to the fixed position by the repulsive force of each magnetic body portion formed at each facing portion where the plug and the piston face each other. It is possible to eliminate or downsize the compression coil spring which required the above. As a result, the axial length of the piston can be reduced, and the reservoir can be downsized, and thus the vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device can be downsized.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the plug is configured to partition the inside and outside of the cylinder hole in a hermetically sealed state. The reservoir for a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device according to claim 1, wherein the reservoir is used as a part of a force for returning to the vehicle.

  According to the reservoir having such a configuration, the resilience of the repulsive force can be obtained by using the restoring force of the gas in the compressed gas chamber as the air spring as a part of the force for returning the piston to a fixed position with the gas chamber sealed. Even when a small magnetic body portion is formed, the piston can be reliably returned to the fixed position.

  The invention according to claim 3 is a reservoir that is used in a vehicle brake fluid pressure control device and has a fluid pressure chamber for temporarily storing brake fluid during wheel brake pressure reduction control, the vehicle brake fluid pressure control device. A bottomed cylinder hole formed in the base of the base and having a communication passage for brake fluid that opens to the bottom side, a plug provided at an opening end of the cylinder hole, and an axial movement within the cylinder hole. A piston that divides the cylinder hole into a fluid pressure chamber on the communication path side and a gas chamber on the plug side, and each of the opposing portions where the bottom of the cylinder hole and the piston face each other attract each other; Each of the magnetic body portions is formed, and the pressure of the brake fluid opposes the attractive force of each magnetic body portion to move the piston toward the plug side, thereby causing the blur. Allowing the inflow to the hydraulic chamber of the gas-liquid, wherein a reservoir of a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control apparatus characterized by returning the piston in place by the attractive force of the magnetic body.

  According to the reservoir having such a configuration, the piston is returned from the plug side position to the fixed position by the attractive force of each magnetic body portion formed at each facing portion where the bottom of the cylinder hole and the piston face each other. The compression coil spring that conventionally required a large installation space can be eliminated or downsized. As a result, the axial length of the piston can be reduced, and the reservoir can be downsized, and thus the vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device can be downsized.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the size of the reservoir and the vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device, and to reduce the manufacturing cost of the vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device.

  Hereinafter, the best first embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The reservoir according to the present embodiment is provided, for example, in a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device for a motorcycle.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device U includes a base body 1, a normally open type electromagnetic valve 2, a normally closed type electromagnetic valve 3, a reservoir 4, a pump 5, and a motor 6. And an electronic control unit 7 and a control housing 8. The control housing 8 is assembled to the front surface 1a of the base 1 and accommodates the electronic control unit 7 therein. The motor 6 is assembled to the rear surface (not shown) of the base 1.

  The base body 1 is a member made of an aluminum alloy that has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and includes a flow path of a brake fluid that is a fluid. The base body 1 is formed with a reservoir hole (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “cylinder hole”) 14 constituting a part of the reservoir 4 so as to open to the front surface 1a. , Holes 12 and 13 in which the normally closed solenoid valve 3 and the like are mounted, an inlet port 11a to which a pipe (not shown) leading to a master cylinder (not shown) is connected and a wheel brake (not shown) are shown. An outlet port 11b and the like to which a pipe is connected are formed. The inlet port 11a, the outlet port 11b, and the holes 12, 13, and 14 communicate with each other directly or through a flow path (not shown) formed inside the base body 1.

  The reservoir 4 is released through the communication path 21 (see FIG. 2) connected to the flow path in the base body 1 by opening the electromagnetic valve 3 that directly communicates with the outlet port 11b during the pressure reduction control of the wheel brake. The brake fluid (that is, the brake fluid flowing out from the wheel cylinder (not shown)) is temporarily stored.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, the reservoir 4 according to the first embodiment is a bottomed cylinder that is formed in the base body 1 and has a brake fluid communication path 21 that opens to the bottom side (the bottom in this embodiment). A hole (reservoir hole) 14, a plug 31 provided at the opening end of the cylinder hole 14, a cylinder hole 14 is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction, and the cylinder hole 14 is connected to the fluid pressure on the communication path 21 side. The piston 41 which divides | segments into the chamber 22 and the gas chamber 23 by the side of the plug 31 is provided. The bottom side of the cylinder hole 14 includes the bottom and the side surface near the bottom. In the present embodiment, the communication path 21 is formed to open at the bottom of the cylinder hole 14, but is not limited thereto, and may be formed to open to the side surface near the bottom. Of course.

  The opposing portion 31a facing the piston 41 of the plug 31 and the opposing portion 41a facing the plug 31 of the piston 41 are formed with magnetic body portions 33 and 43 that repel each other, respectively. The hydraulic pressure against the repulsive force of the magnetic body portions 33 and 43 allows the piston 41 to move toward the plug 31 to allow the brake fluid to flow into the hydraulic pressure chamber 22. The piston 41 is returned to a fixed position by the repulsive force 43.

  The cylinder hole 14 is a bottomed cylindrical hole formed in the base body 1 and is formed to open to the front surface 1a side. The opening of the cylinder hole 14 is located at the tip of the cylindrical portion 1 b protruding from the front surface 1 a of the base 1. A communication passage 21 is opened at the bottom of the cylinder hole 14 to communicate with the inside of the cylinder hole 14, and brake fluid flows into or out of the cylinder hole 14.

  The piston 41 is made of a synthetic resin and is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape that opens to the plug 31 side. The piston-shaped piston bottom 44 facing the bottom of the cylinder hole 14 and the inner periphery of the cylinder hole 14 And a cylindrical piston cylinder 45 facing the surface 14a. A gas chamber 23 defined by the piston 41 and the plug 31 is located in the inner space of the piston 41.

  The corner portion of the outer peripheral surface of the piston bottom portion 44 is chamfered so that the bottom side of the cylinder hole 14 is gradually reduced in diameter and inclined. Thereby, even when the piston 41 is inserted to the deepest part of the cylinder hole 14 (position where the piston bottom part 44 abuts to the bottom part of the cylinder hole 14), the outer peripheral edge of the piston bottom part 44 and the inner part in the vicinity of the bottom part of the cylinder hole 14 are obtained. A space with a predetermined interval can be secured between the surface and the surface. The space between the piston bottom 44 and the inner surface in the vicinity of the bottom of the cylinder hole 14 constitutes a hydraulic pressure chamber 22 for storing brake fluid, and the piston 41 moves in the axial direction of the cylinder hole 14 to The volume of the pressure chamber 22 varies. The position where the piston bottom 44 abuts to the bottom of the cylinder hole 14 is the fixed position of the piston 41 (see FIG. 2A).

  In the present embodiment, the surface of the piston bottom 44 on the bottom side of the cylinder hole 14 is formed in a flat shape, but a truncated cone-shaped convex portion (not shown) is formed on the surface, for example, When the piston 41 is inserted to the deepest part of the cylinder hole 14, a predetermined space may be secured around the convex part between the piston bottom part 44 and the bottom surface of the cylinder hole 14.

  The piston cylindrical portion 45 extends from the peripheral edge portion of the piston bottom portion 44 toward the plug 31 side. The outer peripheral surface of the piston cylindrical portion 45 has an outer diameter substantially equal to the hole diameter of the cylinder hole 14 and faces the inner peripheral surface 14a of the cylinder hole 14, and the piston 41 extends in the cylinder hole 14 in the axial direction. It is configured to be slidable. A seal groove 47 that accommodates an annular seal member 46 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the piston cylindrical portion 45, and the hydraulic chamber 22 side and the gas chamber 23 side are partitioned by the seal member 46 in a sealed state. It is configured.

  The end portion on the plug 31 side of the piston cylindrical portion 45 opens toward the plug 31 side, and the vicinity of the opening end portion constitutes a facing portion 41 a that faces the plug 31. When the piston 41 made of synthetic resin is molded, the magnetized material is mixed into the resin material of the portion corresponding to the facing portion 41a to be integrally formed. As a result, the magnetized magnetic part 43 (the hatched part in FIG. 2) is integrally formed with the opposing part 41a.

  The plug 31 has a disk shape, and a peripheral portion thereof constitutes a facing portion 31 a that faces the piston 41. The plug 31 is formed of a synthetic resin, and is integrally formed by mixing a magnetized material with a resin material corresponding to the facing portion 31a at the time of molding. As a result, the magnetized magnetic body portion 33 (the hatched portion in FIG. 2) is integrally formed with the facing portion 31a. The magnetic body portion 33 is formed with a magnetic pole different from the magnetic body portion 43 of the piston 41, and is configured to repel each other.

  The plug 31 is configured to partition the inside and outside of the cylinder hole 14 in a sealed state, and uses the restoring force of the gas in the compressed gas chamber 23 as part of the force for returning the piston 41 to a fixed position. It is configured as follows. The plug 31 has an outer diameter that fits into a portion of the cylinder hole 14 where the gas chamber 23 is formed, and is closer to the opening end side of the cylinder hole 14 than the maximum outer diameter portion 31A having the outer diameter. A reduced diameter portion 31B having a reduced outer diameter is formed. The plug 31 is inserted into the cylinder hole 14 and fixed by caulking and fixing the metal around the opening (the tip of the cylindrical portion 1b) of the cylinder hole 14 to the reduced diameter portion 31B of the plug 31.

  Below, the attachment structure of the plug 31 is demonstrated concretely. Before the caulking and fixing, the cylinder hole 14 is formed so that the inner peripheral surface is flush with one another as shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG.

  When performing caulking and fixing, after the piston 41 is mounted in the cylinder hole 14, the plug 31 is inserted into a predetermined position of the cylinder hole 14. Then, a caulking jig (not shown) having a bottomed cylindrical shape is pressed against the periphery of the opening of the cylinder hole 14 (the tip of the cylindrical portion 1b) and pressed toward the bottom of the cylinder hole 14. As a result, the metal at the peripheral edge of the opening is plastically deformed and moves around the reduced diameter portion 31B of the plug 31 to form the plastic deformation portion 19 that presses the surface of the reduced diameter portion 31B. As a result, the plug 31 is caulked and fixed to the cylinder hole 14.

  Next, the operation and effect will be described while explaining the operating state of the piston 41 of the reservoir 4 having the above-described configuration.

  When the electromagnetic valve 3 directly communicating with the outlet port 11b shown in FIG. 1 is opened during wheel brake pressure reduction control in anti-lock brake control or the like, the brake fluid is released from the communication passage 21 connected to the flow path in the base 1. Tends to flow into the hydraulic chamber 22. At this time, pressure is applied to the piston 41 from the brake fluid in the hydraulic chamber 22, and the piston 41 is pressed and moved in the cylinder hole 14 toward the plug 31 in the axial direction (see FIG. 2B). . As a result, inflow of the brake fluid into the hydraulic pressure chamber 22 is allowed, and the brake fluid corresponding to the distance that the piston 41 has moved can be stored.

  In the piston 41, the magnetic body portion 43 of the facing portion 41a repels the magnetic body portion 33 of the facing portion 31a of the plug 31, but as shown in FIG. The piston 41 is moved toward the plug 31 against the repulsive force between the magnetic body portions 33 and 43, and the inflow of the brake fluid into the hydraulic pressure chamber 22 is allowed. Here, the piston 41 moves to a position where it abuts against the plug 31 according to the hydraulic pressure of the brake fluid, and the abutment surface of the inner surface of the plug 31 with the piston 41 moves the piston 41. It constitutes the regulatory side.

  When the antilock brake control is executed, the motor 6 is driven by the electronic control unit 7 shown in FIG. 1, and when the motor 6 is driven, the pump 5 is actuated accordingly and the brake stored in the reservoir 4 is driven. The liquid flows out through the communication path 21 and is returned to the flow path in the substrate 1. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2A, the piston 41 returns to a fixed position where it abuts against the bottom of the cylinder hole 14 due to the repulsive force of each of the magnetic body portions 33 and 43, and the volume of the hydraulic chamber 22 is restored. Will be reduced to the volume of.

  At this time, since the plug 31 is caulked and fixed to the cylinder hole 14, the inside and outside of the cylinder hole 14 are partitioned in a sealed state by the plug 31, and the restoring force of the gas in the compressed gas chamber 23 is used as an air spring. As a part of the force for returning the piston 41 to the fixed position, it can be used. Accordingly, even when the plug 31 and the piston 41 having the magnetic parts 33 and 43 having a small repulsive force are formed, the piston 41 can be surely returned to the fixed position. Therefore, the applicable range of the material used for the plug 31 and the piston 41 can be widened.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the hydraulic pressure chamber of the brake fluid is obtained by moving the piston 41 toward the plug 31 while the hydraulic pressure of the brake fluid opposes the repulsive force of the magnetic body portions 33 and 43. Since the piston 41 is returned to the fixed position by the repulsive force of the magnetic body portions 33 and 43, the compression coil spring which conventionally required a large installation space is eliminated or miniaturized. Can do. As a result, the axial length of the piston 41 can be reduced, and the reservoir 4 can be downsized, and thus the vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device U can be downsized. Furthermore, cost reduction can be achieved by reducing the number of parts of the reservoir 4.

  Next, a second best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the reservoir 4 ′ according to the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, a breathing hole 32 that allows the gas chamber 23 to communicate with the outside of the cylinder hole 14 is formed in the plug 31 ′. The breathing hole 32 is disposed at the center of the plug 31 'and is formed through the inside and outside of the plug 31'.

  The plug 31 'is made of a synthetic resin and has an annular shape. The plug 31 ′ has an outer diameter that fits into a portion of the cylinder hole 14 where the gas chamber 23 is formed, and extends from the maximum outer diameter portion 31 A having this outer diameter toward the opening end side of the cylinder hole 14. A tapered portion 31C that gradually decreases in diameter is formed. After the plug 31 ′ is inserted into the cylinder hole 14, the plug 31 is locked to the clip member 24 by inserting a C-shaped clip member 24 between the tapered portion 31 C and the inner peripheral surface 14 a of the cylinder hole 14. And fixed in the cylinder hole 14. Specifically, the clip member 24 that protrudes from the surface of the inner peripheral surface 14 a of the cylinder hole 14 when the clip member 24 having a circular cross section is accommodated in the annular groove 15 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder hole 14. The center-side half abuts on the tapered portion 31C of the plug 31 ′ and restricts the extraction of the plug 31 ′.

  Since the plug 31 ′ is formed with a breathing hole 32 in the center, the entire plug 31 ′ is a facing portion 31 a that faces the piston 41. Then, when the plug 31 ′ made of synthetic resin is molded, a magnetized material is mixed into the resin material of the entire plug and is integrally formed. Thereby, the magnetized magnetic body portion 33 is formed in the facing portion 31a. The magnetic body portion 33 is formed with a magnetic pole different from the magnetic body portion 43 of the piston 41, and is configured to repel each other.

  In addition, since the structure of piston 41 grade | etc., Which is another member is a structure equivalent to 1st embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  According to the present embodiment, in addition to the effects obtained in the first embodiment, the plug 31 ′ has the breathing hole 32, so that the pressure in the gas chamber 23 and the pressure outside the cylinder hole are constant. (Atmospheric pressure) can be maintained, and no stress opposite to the pressure of the brake fluid is generated, so that the piston 41 can be moved and the brake fluid can easily flow into the hydraulic pressure chamber 22. can get.

  Further, since the plug 31 ′ is formed so as to magnetize the entire plug 31 ′, there is no need to distinguish between a resin material mixed with a magnetized material and a resin material not mixed with a magnetized material. Molding can be performed easily.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can of course be modified as appropriate.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the piston 41 has only the facing portion 41 a facing the plug 31 as the magnetic body portion 43. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the entire piston may be configured by the magnetic body portion 43. Good.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the plug 31 and the piston 41 are made of synthetic resin, and at the time of molding, a magnetic material is mixed into the resin material to form the magnetic parts 33 and 43. It is not limited. For example, you may make it fix a permanent magnet to each opposing part 31a and 41a, respectively.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although piston 41 is formed in the bottomed cylindrical shape where the inside is hollow shape, it is not limited to this. As long as the outer peripheral surface of the piston has an axial length that can accommodate the seal member, the piston may be formed solid.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the brake fluid pressure control device for a motorcycle is provided in consideration of the amount of brake fluid stored in the fluid pressure chamber has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Absent. For example, if a structure is formed in which magnetic parts with large repulsive forces are formed to increase the amount of movement of the piston, the amount of stored brake fluid can be increased, so it can be applied to a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device for four-wheeled vehicles. It is also possible to do.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, the magnetic body parts 33 and 43 which both repel each other are formed in the opposing part 31a which opposes the piston 41 of the plug 31, and the opposing part 41a which opposes the plug 31 of the piston 41, respectively. However, it is not limited to this. A magnetic part that attracts each other may be formed in each facing part where the bottom of the cylinder hole and the piston face each other.

  Specifically, the bottom portion of the cylinder hole constitutes a facing portion that faces the piston, and a permanent magnet is fixed to the facing portion. On the other hand, the bottom part of the piston constitutes a facing part that faces the bottom part of the cylinder hole, and a magnetizing material is mixed into this part to form the piston, and the facing part is used as a magnetic part. When the base is formed of a metal that is easily attracted to a magnet such as steel, the bottom of the cylinder hole may not be magnetized, and only the bottom of the piston may be a strong magnetic body. When the piston is made of a metal that is easily attracted to a magnet such as steel, only the bottom of the cylinder hole may be magnetized.

  In this way, the hydraulic pressure of the brake fluid opposes the attractive force of each magnetic body portion, and the piston is moved to the plug side to allow the brake fluid to flow into the hydraulic pressure chamber and The piston is returned to a fixed position by the attractive force of the body part.

  According to the configuration as described above, the compression coil spring that conventionally required a large installation space can be eliminated or miniaturized, and the axial length of the piston can be reduced, as in the above embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the reservoir, and hence the size of the vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device. Furthermore, cost reduction can be achieved by reducing the number of parts of the reservoir.

1 is an exploded perspective view showing a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device provided with a reservoir according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which showed the reservoir | reserver which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention, (a) is the figure which showed the non-operation state of the reservoir, (b) is the figure which showed the operation state of the reservoir. It is sectional drawing which showed the reservoir | reserver which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substrate 4 Reservoir 14 Cylinder hole 21 Communication path 22 Fluid pressure chamber 23 Gas chamber 31 Plug 41 Piston 4 'Reservoir 31' Plug U Vehicle brake fluid pressure control device

Claims (3)

A reservoir used in a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device, having a hydraulic pressure chamber for temporarily storing brake fluid during wheel brake pressure reduction control,
A bottomed cylinder hole formed in a base body of a brake fluid pressure control device for a vehicle and having a brake fluid communication path opened to a bottom side, a plug provided at an opening end of the cylinder hole, and an axial direction in the cylinder hole And a piston that divides the cylinder hole into a fluid pressure chamber on the communication path side and a gas chamber on the plug side.
In each facing portion where the plug and the piston face each other, a magnetic body portion that repels each other is formed, respectively.
The hydraulic pressure of the brake fluid opposes the repulsive force of each magnetic body portion, and the piston is moved to the plug side to allow the brake fluid to flow into the hydraulic pressure chamber, and each magnetic body A reservoir for a brake fluid pressure control device for a vehicle, wherein the piston is returned to a fixed position by a repulsive force of a portion. The plug is configured to partition the inside and outside of the cylinder hole in a sealed state,
The reservoir of the vehicular brake hydraulic pressure control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a restoring force of the compressed gas in the gas chamber is used as a part of a force for returning the piston to a fixed position. . A reservoir used in a vehicle brake hydraulic pressure control device, having a hydraulic pressure chamber for temporarily storing brake fluid during wheel brake pressure reduction control,
A bottomed cylinder hole formed in a base body of a brake fluid pressure control device for a vehicle and having a brake fluid communication path opened to a bottom side, a plug provided at an opening end of the cylinder hole, and an axial direction in the cylinder hole And a piston that divides the cylinder hole into a fluid pressure chamber on the communication path side and a gas chamber on the plug side.
In each facing part where the bottom of the cylinder hole and the piston face each other, a magnetic body part that attracts each other is formed, respectively.
The brake fluid is allowed to flow into the hydraulic chamber by moving the piston to the plug side against the attractive force of each magnetic body portion, and the brake fluid is allowed to flow into the hydraulic chamber. A reservoir for a brake fluid pressure control device for a vehicle, wherein the piston is returned to a fixed position by an attractive force of a body part.

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