JP2009228207A - Packer device and double pipe using packer device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a packer device having a simple configuration for dispensing with the installation of a fluid supply or discharge pipe in a clearance between an internal wall of a pile and a pipe such as a filling pipe. <P>SOLUTION: This packer device 1 is provided with the pipe 2, a packer 3 constituted by attaching both ends (end parts 8) of a cylindrical body 7 provided to surround an outer peripheral face 6 of the pipe 2 to the outer peripheral face 6 of the pipe 2 to form a fluid storage space 9 between the outer peripheral face 6 of the pipe 2 and it, a hole 4 passing through an inner peripheral face 25 and the outer peripheral face 6 of the pipe 2 to link the fluid storage space 9 with the inside 26 of the pipe 2, and a check valve 5 provided on the outer peripheral face 6 of the pipe 2 to block the hole 4 and receiving pressure of the fluid passing through the inside 26 of the pipe 2 and the hole 4 to form a fluid passage linking the inside 26 of the pipe 2 with the fluid storage space 9. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a packer device having a simple configuration.

There is known a packer device including an injection pipe, a packer provided so as to surround the outer peripheral surface of the injection pipe, and a fluid supply / discharge pipe for supplying and discharging fluid in the packer (for example, Patent Document 1). Etc.).
JP 2003-166234 A

However, according to the packer device described above, since the fluid supply / discharge pipe is provided outside the injection pipe, a gap is formed between the inner wall of the well (hole) formed in the natural ground and the injection pipe, and the gap is formed in the gap. A fluid supply / drain pipe must be inserted. In order to facilitate the operation of inserting the fluid supply / discharge pipe, if the gap between the inner wall of the mine formed in the ground and the injection pipe is increased, a gap is likely to be formed between the packer and the inner wall of the mine. In some cases, the injection target cannot be accurately injected into the target location. In addition, complicated operations such as inserting a fluid supply / exhaust pipe into the gap between the inner wall of the well formed in the ground and the injection pipe, removing the fluid supply / exhaust pipe from the gap, and handling the fluid supply / discharge pipe Work is required. There is a problem that these operations become more difficult as the number of packers increases.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has a simple configuration in which it is not necessary to install a pipe such as a fluid supply / discharge pipe in a gap between an inner wall of a pit and a pipe such as an injection pipe. The purpose is to provide.

The packer device according to the present invention is a packer in which both ends of a tube and a cylindrical body provided so as to surround the outer peripheral surface of the tube are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the tube to form a fluid containing space between the outer peripheral surface of the tube A hole penetrating the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe to connect the fluid storage space and the inside of the pipe, and a hole provided in the outer peripheral surface of the pipe to close the hole and A check valve is provided that forms a fluid flow path that connects the inside of the pipe and the fluid storage space under pressure.
It is also characterized in that a water absorbing expansion material is provided in the fluid containing space.
A cylindrical body surrounding the outer periphery of the pipe is provided in the fluid storage space, and the cylindrical body is formed of a water-absorbing and expanding material.
A cylindrical body surrounding the outer periphery of the pipe is provided in the fluid storage space, and a water-absorbing expansion material is attached to the cylindrical body.
The fitting cylinder attached to the outer peripheral surface of the pipe so as to surround the outer peripheral surface of the pipe is provided on the end side of the pipe from the position where both ends of the cylindrical body forming the packer are attached. The protruding length of the fitting cylinder that is the length from the outer circumference of the fitting cylinder to the outer circumference of the fitting cylinder is longer than the protruding length of the deflated packer protruding from the outer circumference of the pipe.
A double pipe device according to the present invention includes a perforated outer tube having a plurality of holes penetrating an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface, the packer device provided at both ends of the perforated outer tube, and an inner peripheral surface. An inner tube installed so that a perforated portion having a plurality of holes penetrating the outer peripheral surface is located inside the perforated outer tube, and an inner tube sandwiching the perforated portion provided in the center of the inner tube And an inner packer provided at each of one end and the other end.

According to the packer device of the present invention, since the pipe can be used as a fluid supply path for the packer and an injection target supply path to the ground, a pipe such as a fluid supply / discharge pipe is provided in the gap between the inner wall of the mine and the pipe. It is possible to realize a packer device with a simple configuration that does not require installation.
Since the water absorption expansion material is provided in the fluid storage space, water flowing into the fluid storage space of the packer is absorbed by the water absorption expansion material, so that water leakage outside the fluid storage space is reduced, and the water absorption expansion material is A packer device having a high shape retaining effect that can retain the shape of the expanded packer for a long period of time is obtained.
A cylindrical body surrounding the outer periphery of the pipe is provided in the fluid storage space, and the cylindrical body is formed of a water absorbing / expanding material, or the water absorbing / expanding material is attached to the cylindrical body, thereby surrounding the pipe in the fluid storing space. Therefore, a packer can be obtained in which the water-absorbing expansion material is arranged in a well-balanced manner, and a gap is hardly formed between the inner wall of the mine.
The fitting cylinder attached to the outer peripheral surface of the pipe so as to surround the outer peripheral surface of the pipe is provided on the end side of the pipe from the position where both ends of the cylindrical body forming the packer are attached. Since the protruding length of the fitting cylinder, which is the length from the outer circumference of the fitting cylinder, is longer than the protruding length of the packer in a deflated state protruding from the outer circumference of the pipe, When the device is taken in and out, the fitting cylinder functions as a packer protector, so that contact between the inner wall of the mine and the packer can be reduced, and damage to the packer can be reduced.
According to the double pipe device, it becomes possible to inject the injection target intensively at an arbitrary position in the mine.

Best form 1
1 to 3 show the best mode 1 of the present invention, FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of the packer device cut along the central axis of the tube, FIG. 2 shows how to use the packer device, and FIG. It is the top view which looked at the stop valve from the outer peripheral surface side of the pipe | tube.

The configuration of the packer device will be described with reference to FIG.
The packer device 1 includes a tube 2, a packer 3, a hole 4, and a check valve 5.
The tube 2 is a tube formed of, for example, polyethylene as a flexible material.
The packer 3 is formed by attaching both ends (both ends) 8; 8 of the cylindrical body 7 provided so as to surround the outer peripheral surface 6 of the pipe 2 to the outer peripheral surface 6 of the pipe 2. The fluid containing space 9 is formed between the two outer peripheral surfaces 6. The cylinder 7 forming the packer includes an inner cylinder 11 formed of a stretchable material such as rubber, and an outer cylinder 12 formed of a nonwoven fabric or the like for protecting the inner cylinder. It consists of a heavy cylinder structure.

  In the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2, the outer periphery of the tube 2 is wound around the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2 so that the self-bonding insulating tape 15 is wound around the outer surface 6 of the tube 2 at two predetermined intervals in the direction along the central axis 2 </ b> C of the tube 2. Affixed to face 6. The end of the inner cylinder 11 is in contact with the surface of the self-bonding insulating tape 15 affixed to the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2 and the inner surfaces of both ends of the inner cylinder 11. The ring band 16 wound around the outer peripheral surface of the end is pressed against the surface of the self-bonding insulating tape 15. The end of the outer cylinder 12 covers the ring band 16, and the portions located on both sides of the ring band 16 at the end of the outer cylinder 12 and the surface of the self-bonding insulating tape 15 are in close contact with each other. The end of the outer cylinder 12 is pressed against the surface of the self-bonding insulating tape 15 by the binding bands 17; 17 wound around the outer peripheral surface of the end. Thus, the packer 3 formed by attaching both ends 8; 8 of the cylindrical body 7 to the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2 by the self-bonding insulating tape 15, the ring band 16 and the binding band 17; In addition, the sealing property of the fluid storage space 9 is ensured, and the fluid storage space 9 is inflated by the fluid flowing into the fluid storage space 9 and is in close contact with the inner wall 22 (see FIG. 2) of the pit 21 formed in the natural ground 20. .

The hole 4 penetrates the inner peripheral surface 25 and the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2 and connects the fluid containing space 9 and the interior 26 of the tube 2.
The check valve 5 is provided on the outer peripheral surface 6 of the pipe 2 so as to close the hole 4 and receives the pressure of the fluid passing through the inside 26 of the pipe 2 and the hole 4, thereby connecting the inside 26 of the pipe 2 and the fluid containing space 9. A fluid flow path 27 to be connected (see FIG. 2B) is formed.
As shown in FIG. 3, the check valve 5 is configured such that, for example, the rectangular rubber plate 31 provided on the outer peripheral surface 6 of the pipe 2 so as to close the hole 4 and the rectangular rubber plate 31 are not displaced from a predetermined position. Further, both end portions 32; 32 of the rectangular rubber plate 31 are pressed against the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2 to be fixed to the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2. On one surface 34 (see FIG. 1) of the rectangular rubber plate 31 that is in contact with the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2, a protrusion 35 that fits into the hole 4 in a state where the hole 4 is closed is formed. The fluid storage space 9 is maintained in a sealed state by being in a state of being fitted in the inside 4.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a water absorbing polymer 41 as a water absorbing expansion material is provided in the fluid housing space 9. In other words, a predetermined amount (for example, 120 g) of water-absorbing polymer 41 is placed in the fluid housing space 9 in advance, so that water enters the fluid housing space 9 from the inside 26 of the pipe 2 via the check valve 5. Since the water is absorbed by the water absorbing polymer 41 when it flows in, the water leakage to the outside of the fluid storage space 9 is reduced, and the shape retention that can hold the shape in which the water absorbing polymer 41 expands and the packer 3 swells for a long time is maintained. A highly effective packer apparatus 1 is obtained.

  In the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2, the portion located on the end 29; 29 side of the tube 2 relative to the position where both ends 8; 8 of the cylinder 7 forming the packer 3 are attached is made of, for example, synthetic resin. The fitting cylinder 45 is attached to the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2 so as to surround the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2. As shown in FIG. 2A, the protrusion length a of the fitting cylinder 45, which is the length from the outer circumference 6 of the pipe 2 to the outer circumference 46 of the fitting cylinder 45, is deflated by the packer 3. It is longer than the protruding length b of the packer 3 protruding from the outer peripheral surface 6 of the tube 2 in the state. Thereby, when the packer apparatus 1 is taken in and out of the mine 21 formed by excavating the natural ground 20, the fitting cylinder 45 functions as a packer protector, and the inner wall 22 of the mine 21 and the packer 3 are Contact can be reduced and damage to the packer 3 can be reduced. In addition, when the fitting cylinder 45 is used as a pipe connector, an inner peripheral surface 47 at one end of the fitting cylinder 45 and an outer peripheral face 6 at one end of the pipe 2 are bonded to each other. The outer peripheral surface 49 on one end side of the supply pipe 48 connected to the packer device 1 is fitted inside the other end portion of the fitting cylinder 45, and the other end portion of the fitting cylinder 45 is fitted. The inner peripheral surface 47 and the outer peripheral surface 49 at one end of the supply pipe 48 are coupled to each other, whereby the packer device 1 and the supply pipe 48 are connected by the fitting cylinder 45.

  In order to strengthen the coupling between the fitting cylinder 45 and the supply pipe 48, for example, a thread portion (not shown) is formed on the outer peripheral surface 46 of the other end of the fitting cylinder 45, and the supply pipe is provided. A lid (not shown) having a hole having a diameter through which 48 penetrates and having a threaded portion corresponding to the above threaded portion is prepared. The outer peripheral surface 49 of one end and the hole edge of the lid are bonded with an adhesive or the like, and the screw portion of the lid is screwed to the screw portion formed on the outer peripheral surface 46 of the other end of the fitting cylinder 45. Just wear it.

Next, the usage method of the packer apparatus 1 is demonstrated with reference to FIG. For example, when injecting a chemical solution for reinforcing natural ground or injecting microorganisms for oil pollution purification from the bottom 23 side of the pit 21 to the natural ground 20, it functions as a pipe connector of the packer device 1, for example. One end of the supply pipe 48 is connected to one fitting cylinder 45, and the other end of the supply pipe 48 outside the figure is connected to a fluid supply source outside the figure. Further, the one end opening 45a of the other fitting cylinder 45 or the one end opening 2a of the tube 2 located at the tip 1t of the packer device 1 is closed with a lid 39 or the like. Then, as shown in FIG. 2A, the packer device 1 is inserted to the bottom 23 side of the pit 21, and water is supplied into the pipe 2 from the fluid supply source via the supply pipe 48. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2B, the check valve 5 is pushed by the pressure (fluid pressure) of the water supplied into the pipe 2, so that the gap between the check valve 5 and the outer peripheral surface 6 of the pipe 2 is increased. A gap serving as the fluid flow path 27 is generated, and water passing through the fluid flow path 27 flows into the fluid accommodation space 9. As shown in FIG. 2 (c), when the water flowing into the fluid storage space 9 is absorbed by the water absorption polymer 41, the water absorption polymer 41 expands, the packer 3 expands, and the outer surface 36 of the packer 3 and the well 21. The closed inner space 40 is formed between the packer 3 and the bottom 23 of the mine 21 by being in close contact with the inner wall 22. Thereafter, the lid 39 is removed by sticking the lid 39 with a rod or the like not shown in the figure, and an injection target such as microorganisms or chemicals supplied via the supply pipe 48 and the pipe 2 is opened at one end of the other fitting cylinder 45. By injecting into the closed mine space 40 through 45a or the one end opening 2a of the pipe 2, the injection target is injected into the natural ground 20 from the inner wall 22 of the mine 21 in contact with the closed mine space 40. After inserting the supply pipe 48 and an injection pipe (not shown) for supplying the injection target inside the pipe 2 and protruding the lid 39 at the tip of the injection pipe or removing the lid 39, the tip of the injection pipe You may inject | pour an injection | pouring object into the obstruction | occlusion underground space 40 through opening.
After the injection of the injection target is completed, the supply pipe 48 may be removed from the other fitting cylinder 45 and the packer device 1 may be left in the well 21 or the packer device 1 may be pulled out from the well 21 and recovered. . When the packer device 1 is withdrawn from the well 21 and collected, the inner cylinder 11 of the packer 3 is formed of a stretchable material such as rubber. Therefore, the packer device 1 is forcibly pulled to the wellhead. 21 can be pulled out.

  According to the best mode 1, since the pipe 2 can be used as a fluid supply path for the packer 3 and an injection target supply path to the ground, a fluid supply / discharge pipe is provided in the gap between the inner wall 22 of the pit 21 and the pipe 2. Thus, it is possible to obtain a packer device 1 having a simple configuration that does not require installation of a pipe.

Best form 2
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5A, a cylindrical body 51 surrounding the outer periphery of the pipe 2 is provided in the fluid housing space 9, and the cylindrical body 51 is formed of a water absorbing polymer 41.

Best form 3
As shown in FIG. 5B, a cylindrical body 52 that surrounds the outer periphery of the pipe 2 is provided in the fluid housing space 9, and the water absorbing polymer 41 is attached to the cylindrical body 52. The cylindrical body 52 is formed of, for example, a nonwoven fabric or water-soluble paper.

  According to the best mode 2; 3, since the water-absorbing polymer 41 is arranged in a balanced manner around the pipe 2 in the fluid housing space 9, the water-absorbing polymer 41 is concentrated in the lower part of the fluid housing space 9. This can be prevented, and the packer 3 can be inflated in a balanced manner in the radial direction. That is, it is possible to prevent the packer 3 from being unevenly swollen and to provide the packer 3 in which a gap is not easily formed between the inner wall 22 of the pit 21.

Best form 4
With reference to FIG. 6, the structure of the double-pipe apparatus 60 for inject | pouring an injection | pouring target intensively to the arbitrary positions in the well 21 is demonstrated.
The double tube device 60 includes a perforated outer tube 61, the packer device 1, an inner tube 63 including a perforated portion 62, and an inner packer 64.
The perforated outer tube 61 is configured to include a plurality of holes 68 penetrating the inner peripheral surface 66 and the outer peripheral surface 67. The pipe 2 of the packer device 1 is connected to both ends 69; 69 of the perforated outer pipe 61 so as to extend. That is, the end portion 69 of the perforated outer tube 61 and the end portion 29 of the tube 2 are joined by the fitting cylinder 45 as a tube connector. The inner tube 63 is installed so as to be located inside the perforated outer tube 61. One end 71 in the direction along the central axis of the inner pipe 63 is closed, and the other end 72 in the direction along the central axis of the inner pipe 63 is connected to the injection target supply pipe 73. The perforated portion 62 is formed by a plurality of holes 75 penetrating the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube 63, and is provided at the center of the tube of the inner tube 63. The inner packer 64 is provided on each of the one end 71 side and the other end 72 side of the inner tube sandwiching the perforated portion 62 provided in the center of the inner tube 63. The other end of the fluid supply / discharge pipe (not shown) connected to the fluid supply / discharge device (not shown) is connected to the inner packer 64, and the fluid flowing into the inner packer 64 is supplied by a supply / discharge mechanism as disclosed in Patent Document 1. Supply / discharge is performed.

With reference to FIG. 7, the usage method of the double tube apparatus 60 is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 7 (a), the outer constituent part of the double pipe device 60 including the perforated outer pipe 61 and the two packer devices 1; 1 connected to each other is attached to the tip of the fluid supply pipe 78. The heavy pipe device 60 is inserted to the target position in the pit 21. The inner pipe 63 is inserted through the fluid supply pipe 78 and the perforated outer pipe 61 to the inside of the pipe 2 of one packer device 1, and the one of the inner pipe 63 located at the tip of the inner pipe 63 on both sides of the hole 4 across the hole 4. After positioning the position of the inner packer 64 so that the inner packer 64 and the other inner packer 64 are positioned, fluid is supplied to the inside of both the inner packers 64 from a fluid supply / discharge device (not shown). As a result, the inner peripheral surface 25 of the pipe 2 on both sides of the perforated portion 62 of the inner pipe 63 and the inner packer 64 come into contact with each other, and the inner space of the pipe 2 near the hole 4 is closed by both inner packers 64. A sealed space 81 is formed. Therefore, the water from the fluid supply source passes through the inner tube 63, the perforated portion 62, the sealed space 81, and the hole 4, and the check valve 5 of one packer device 1 is pushed by the pressure of the water to check the check valve 5. A gap that becomes the fluid flow path 27 is formed between the pipe 2 and the outer peripheral surface 67 of the pipe 2 (see FIG. 2B), and the water that passes through the fluid flow path 27 passes through the check valve 5 and flows into the fluid accommodation space. 9 flows in. As described above, when the water flowing into the fluid storage space 9 is absorbed by the water absorbing polymer 41, the water absorbing polymer 41 expands, the packer 3 expands, and the outer surface 36 of the packer 3 and the inner wall 22 of the pit 21 are in close contact with each other. Contact.
As shown in FIG. 7B, the packer 3 of the other packer device 1 is also inflated by the same method as the method of inflating the packer 3 of one packer device 1, and the outer surface 36 of the packer 3 and the inner wall 22 of the pit 21 In intimate contact. That is, the fluid in the inner packer 64 is discharged from the state shown in FIG. 7 (a) by a fluid supply / discharge device (not shown) and the inner packer 64 is deflated, and the inner packer 64 is moved to the other side as shown in FIG. 7 (b). After moving to the inside of the packer device 1, the packer 3 of the other packer device 1 is inflated in the same manner as the method of inflating the packer 3 of one packer device 1.
By inflating both packer devices 1; 1 packer 3; 3, a closed mine space 80 defined by the packer 3, the perforated outer tube 61 and the inner wall 22 of the mine 21 is formed. The In order to supply an injection target such as a microorganism or a chemical solution to the closed underground space 80, as shown in FIG. 7C, the perforated portion 62 of the inner tube 63 is positioned inside the perforated outer tube 61, The inner packers 64; 64 on both sides of the inner tube 63 are inflated to block the flow between the inside of the perforated outer tube 61 and the inside of the tube 2 connected to both sides of the perforated outer tube 61. Thereafter, an injection target such as a microorganism or a chemical solution is supplied into the inner pipe 63 via the injection target supply pipe 73, so that the injection target becomes the hole 75 of the perforated portion 62 and the perforated outer pipe 61. Then, the object to be injected is injected into the ground 20 from the inner wall 22 of the pit 21 in contact with the closed mine space 80.
After the injection of the injection target, the inner packer 64; 64 is deflated and the inner tube 63 is pulled up to the wellhead. Further, by removing the fluid supply pipe 78 from the other fitting cylinder 45 and pulling it up to the wellhead, the packer device 1; 1 may be left in the well 21, or the packer device 1; 1 is pulled out from the well 21. It may be recovered. When the packer apparatus 1 is pulled out and collected from the well 21, the inner cylinder 11 of the packer 3 is formed of a stretchable material such as rubber, so that the packer apparatus 1; 1 is forcibly pulled to the wellhead. It is possible to pull out from the pit 21.

  By using the double pipe device 60 of the best mode 4, it becomes possible to inject the injection target intensively at an arbitrary position in the well 21.

  You may form the cylinder 7 which forms the packer 3 only with the cylinder formed with rubber. As the fluid supplied into the fluid storage space 9, cement milk, CB cement (a mixture of cement and bentonite), air, and the like can be used in addition to water.

Sectional drawing (best form 1) of a packer apparatus. The figure which shows the usage method of a packer apparatus (best form 1). The top view of a non-return valve (best form 1). Sectional drawing of a packer apparatus (best form 2). (A) is AA sectional drawing of FIG. 4 (best form 2), (b) is an AA cross-section equivalent figure of FIG. 4 (best form 3). Sectional drawing of a double tube apparatus (best form 4). The figure which shows the usage method of a double tube apparatus (best form 4).

Explanation of symbols

1 packer device, 2 pipes, 3 packers, 4 holes, 5 check valves,
6 pipe outer periphery, 7 cylinder, 8 end, 9 fluid containing space, 27 fluid flow path,
41 water-absorbing polymer, 45 fitting cylinder, 51 cylindrical body, 60 double tube device 61 perforated outer tube, 62 perforated portion, 63 inner tube, 64 inner packer 68 hole of perforated outer tube, 71 inner tube One end, 72 The other end 75 of the inner tube 75 A hole in the perforated portion, a projecting length of the fitting cylinder, b projecting length of the packer.

Claims (6)

  A packer in which both ends of a tube and a cylindrical body provided so as to surround the outer peripheral surface of the tube are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the tube to form a fluid accommodation space between the outer peripheral surface of the tube, and an inner peripheral surface of the tube A hole penetrating the outer peripheral surface to connect the fluid containing space and the inside of the pipe, and a hole provided in the outer peripheral surface of the pipe to close the hole and receiving the pressure of the fluid through the inside of the pipe and the inside of the pipe A packer device comprising: a check valve that forms a fluid flow path connecting the fluid accommodation space.   The packer device according to claim 1, further comprising a water-absorbing expansion material in the fluid housing space.   The packer device according to claim 1, further comprising a cylindrical body surrounding the outer periphery of the pipe in the fluid storage space, wherein the cylindrical body is formed of a water-absorbing expansion material.   The packer apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a cylindrical body surrounding the outer periphery of the pipe in the fluid storage space, and a water-absorbing expansion material attached to the cylindrical body.   The fitting cylinder attached to the outer peripheral surface of the pipe so as to surround the outer peripheral surface of the pipe is provided on the end side of the pipe from the position where both ends of the cylindrical body forming the packer are attached. The protruding length of the fitting cylinder, which is the length from the outer periphery of the fitting cylinder to the outer circumference of the fitting cylinder, is longer than the protruding length of the deflated packer protruding from the outer circumference of the pipe. The packer apparatus in any one of thru | or 4 thru | or 4.   A perforated outer tube having a plurality of holes penetrating the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface, the packer device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 provided at both ends of the perforated outer tube, The inner tube installed so that the perforated part with a plurality of holes penetrating the surface and the outer peripheral surface is located inside the perforated outer tube, and the perforated part provided in the center of the cylinder of the inner tube A double tube device comprising an inner packer provided at one end and the other end of an inner tube.

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