JP2009224288A - Lithium secondary battery cathode and lithium secondary battery using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a material of a lithium secondary battery cathode attaining high-powered operation and a lithium ion secondary battery that uses the cathode. <P>SOLUTION: In the lithium secondary battery with a lithium occluding and discharging cathode and a lithium occluding and discharging anode formed via an electrolyte, the cathode contains a cathode active material and a conductive material, the cathode active material is a layered complex oxide of secondary particles, having particle size of 3 to 6 μm and formed by aggregating primary particles having the particle size of ≥0.1 μm and <0.3 μm; the layered complex oxide is expressed by chemical formula: Li<SB>a</SB>Mn<SB>x</SB>Ni<SB>y</SB>Co<SB>z</SB>O<SB>2</SB>(0<a≤1.2, 0.1≤x≤0.9, 0.1≤y≤0.9, 0.1≤z≤0.34, x+y+z=1), the particle size of the conductive material is ≥6 μm and the specific surface area of the cathode active material is ≥1.1 m<SP>2</SP>/g and <1.5 m<SP>2</SP>/g. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery using the same, and more particularly to a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery using the same.

  As a power source for a hybrid vehicle that can efficiently use energy, a battery having high output and high energy density is required. Lithium secondary batteries are promising as batteries for hybrid vehicles because of their high battery voltage, light weight and high energy density. A secondary battery for a hybrid vehicle is required to regenerate energy when the vehicle is decelerated and store it in the battery, and discharge the energy at a high rate to assist acceleration. Here, in a hybrid vehicle application, a desired speed is reached by acceleration for 10 seconds, so that the characteristic required as a battery is excellent output characteristics for 10 seconds. In the case of discharge, electrolyte Li contained in the electrolytic solution must be supplied to the positive electrode active material for 10 seconds. For this reason, it is necessary for the electrolyte solution to be present in the voids or in the conductive material in the vicinity of the primary particles of each positive electrode active material.

  In general, in order to increase the output, in order to increase the specific surface area of the electrode, the active material constituting the electrode is made to have a small particle size and a void is formed in the electrode. However, when the particle size of the active material is reduced, it becomes difficult to form a conductive network that connects the individual active material particles and the current collector.

For this reason, the following studies have been made on electrode configurations using small particle size active materials. For example, in Patent Document 1, in order to increase the specific surface area of an electrode, an electrode composed of a positive electrode active material powder having a BET specific surface area of 1.5 m ² / g or more and a primary particle diameter of 0.1 μm or more and less than 0.5 μm. A lithium secondary battery capable of increasing the capacity and having excellent rate characteristics and output characteristics has been disclosed. However, the particle diameter of the conductive material suitable for the small primary particle size positive electrode active material is not clarified.

  Also in Patent Document 2, an electrode composed of a spinel type lithium manganese positive electrode active material powder having a primary particle size of 0.01 μm or more and less than 0.2 μm is used, and the capacity can be increased and the rate characteristic and output characteristic are excellent. A lithium secondary battery has been disclosed. However, the particle diameter of the conductive material suitable for the small primary particle size positive electrode active material is not clarified.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 3 discloses a conductive material having a small particle diameter and defines a range of primary particle diameter and secondary particle diameter constituting the positive electrode active material. However, it does not disclose a positive active material having a small secondary particle size composed of a small primary particle size. With the configuration of the positive electrode active material and the conductive material disclosed in the present invention, a conductive network in the electrode cannot be formed, and the battery output characteristics suitable for a hybrid vehicle cannot be obtained.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-141983 JP 2002-104827 A JP 2005-251684 A

  The objective of this invention is providing the positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries which achieves high output, and a lithium ion secondary battery using the same.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have improved the conductive network in the positive electrode by investigating the correlation between the primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material and the conductive material particle diameter. The present inventors have found that a high output of the secondary battery can be achieved and completed the present invention.

The outline of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A positive electrode used for a lithium secondary battery, which has a secondary particle size of 3 μm or more and 6 μm or less in which primary particles of 0.1 μm or more and less than 0.3 μm are aggregated, and a particle size of 6 μm or less A positive electrode composed of a massive conductive material.
(2) In the positive electrode described in (1), the pore volume in the positive electrode pore diameter range of 0.1 to 7 μm measured by mercury porosimetry is from 0.29 cm ³ / g to 0.47 cm ³ / g. The positive electrode characterized by being less than.
(3) The positive electrode active material described in (1) has the chemical formula Li _a Mn _x Ni _y Co _z O ₂ (0 <a ≦ 1.2, 0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.34, x + y + z = 1), a positive electrode active material which is a layered composite oxide.
(4) The positive electrode active material described in (3) has a specific surface area of 1.1 m ² / g or more and less than 1.5 m ² / g.
(5) A positive electrode further including a hollow carbon material as a conductive material.

Further, the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery in which a positive electrode that occludes and releases lithium and a negative electrode that occludes and releases lithium are formed via an electrolyte solution. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material and a conductive material. The positive electrode active material is a layered composite oxide having a secondary particle diameter of 3 μm or more and 6 μm or less in which primary particles of 0.1 μm or more and less than 0.3 μm are aggregated, and the layered composite oxide has the chemical formula Li _a Mn _x Ni _y Co _z O ₂ (0 <a ≦ 1.2, 0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.34, x + y + z = 1) The particle size of the conductive material is 6 μm or less, and the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is 1.1 m ² / g or more and less than 1.5 m ² / g.

Furthermore, in a lithium secondary battery in which a positive electrode that occludes and releases lithium and a negative electrode that occludes and releases lithium are formed via an electrolyte solution, the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material and a conductive material, and the positive electrode active material is A layered composite oxide having a secondary particle size of 3 μm or more and 6 μm or less in which primary particles of 0.1 μm or more and less than 0.3 μm are aggregated, and having a positive electrode pore diameter of 0.1 or more and 7 μm or less measured by mercury porosimetry. The pore volume in the range is 0.29 cm ³ / g or more and less than 0.47 cm ³ / g.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the lithium secondary battery suitable for the apparatus application which needs high output, such as a hybrid vehicle or a secondary battery for tools, can be provided.

[Positive electrode material for lithium secondary batteries]
The positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention is composed of positive active material secondary particles in which primary particles having the following characteristics are bonded or aggregated. That is, the primary particles constituting the secondary particles of the positive electrode active material are particles having a particle size mainly larger than 0.1 μm and smaller than 0.3 μm. Here, “mainly” means that primary particles having a particle size larger than 0.1 μm and less than 0.3 μm occupy 95% or more of the total primary particles by particle volume. If the particle size of the primary particles is 0.3 μm or more, the primary particles constituting the secondary particles are large, so the specific surface area of the secondary particles is reduced and the battery output is reduced. On the other hand, with a positive electrode active material having a primary particle size of less than 0.1 μm, handling becomes difficult during synthesis of the positive electrode active material, making it difficult to produce industrially. Here, the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is desirably 1.1 m ² / g or more and less than 1.5 m ² / g in order to obtain a high-power battery. When the specific surface area is 1.5 m ² / g or more, agglomerates are generated in the positive electrode coating step (described later), making it difficult to produce the positive electrode. The secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material is preferably 3 μm or more and 6 μm or less. If the secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material is less than 3 μm, it becomes difficult to form secondary particles with the above-mentioned primary particles having a small particle diameter, and if it exceeds 6 μm, the specific surface area decreases and a high output battery cannot be obtained.

The composition of the positive electrode active material is represented by the chemical formula Li _a Mn _x Ni _y Co _z O ₂ (0 <a ≦ 1.2, 0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.9, 0.9. 1 ≦ z ≦ 0.34, x + y + z = 1), and this composition is suitable for reducing the primary particle size.

  In general, the particle size of the conductive material used for the positive electrode active material is larger than the particle size of the positive electrode active material secondary particles 1 as shown in FIG. When the particles are in contact with each other, a plurality of positive electrode active materials and a conductive network are formed. As shown in FIG. 1, with this positive electrode configuration, there are few voids existing in the vicinity of individual positive electrode active materials. In contrast, in the positive electrode shown in FIG. 2 of the present invention, several positive electrode active material particles are in contact with a small-diameter conductive material to form a conductive network. Further, in this positive electrode configuration, there are many minute voids in the vicinity of the individual positive electrode active material secondary particles. For this reason, the electrolyte in the electrolyte solution in the vicinity of the positive electrode active material secondary particles easily reacts with the positive electrode active material, which is effective in reducing the resistance of the positive electrode. Here, when the primary particle diameter which comprises a positive electrode active material secondary particle is small, an electrolyte and a positive electrode active material react more easily, and it becomes advantageous to low resistance of a positive electrode. In addition, if the specific surface area of the conductive material used here is high and the liquid retaining property of the electrolytic solution is high, the electrolyte from the vicinity of the positive electrode active material is supplied to the positive electrode active material, which is advantageous in reducing the resistance of the positive electrode.

As described above, the resistance of the positive electrode can be determined by taking into consideration the primary particle diameter, the positive electrode active material secondary particle diameter, the positive electrode active material secondary particle diameter, and the positive electrode active material particle diameter and the void volume in the positive electrode. Can be reduced. Here, the void volume in the positive electrode can be evaluated by a mercury intrusion method, which will be described later, and the pore volume is in the range of 0.1 μm or more and 7 μm or less and the pore volume is 0.29 cm ³ / g or more and 0.47 cm ³ / g or less. Is desirable. Here, when the pore volume is less than 0.29 cm ³ / g, the resistance of the positive electrode is high, and when it exceeds 0.47 cm ³ / g, the positive electrode mixture composed of the positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder is collected. Since the electric body is easily peeled off, the battery output is lowered.

  Below, the particle diameter evaluation method in a positive electrode, the specific surface area evaluation method, and a pore structure evaluation method are demonstrated.

  The primary particle and secondary particle size of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode and the conductive material particle size can be evaluated by observing the cross section or fracture surface of the positive electrode with an electron microscope.

Next, a method for evaluating the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is shown below. The sample cell is previously dried at 120 ° C., filled in a sample cell, and dried in nitrogen gas at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, the sample cell is attached to the measurement unit, and the specific surface area is calculated by the BET method after counting signals at the time of desorption with the He / N ₂ mixed gas.

  A mercury intrusion method is used as a method for evaluating the pores formed in the positive electrode. Generally, when the pores formed in the positive electrode are measured by a mercury intrusion method, the pore diameter formed in the positive electrode active material is evaluated. In the mercury intrusion method, mercury enters from the opening, and the pore diameter and pore volume can be evaluated. The principle of pore distribution measurement by mercury intrusion method is shown below.

  When mercury enters the cylindrical pore 2r, the pore radius r is obtained from the following formula (1), where P is the mercury pressure and γ (0.48 N / m) is the surface tension of the mercury.

r = -2rγcosθ / P (1)
From the above relationship, mercury can enter pores having a diameter of about 7 nm to 400 μm at a pressure of about 3.7 kPa to 200 MPa, and analysis of pore distribution in that range is possible.

  Moreover, you may further contain acetylene black in the positive electrode of this invention. Due to the hollow part of the hollow carbon material, an electrolyte supply effect to the positive electrode active material can be expected. The hollow carbon material is a hollow carbon material such as acetylene black, more preferably a hollow fibrous carbon material having both ends opened. The length of the hollow carbon material is, for example, 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, more preferably 2 μm or more and 8 μm or less, and the hollow fibrous carbon material has a diameter of, for example, 10 nm or more and less than 300 nm, more preferably 20 nm or more and less than 80 nm. Is preferably in the range of 3 μm to 8 μm.

[Method for producing positive electrode material for lithium secondary battery]
In order to form a positive active material with a small primary particle size, primary particles with a small particle size are required as raw materials, and primary particle growth control is required by controlling the firing conditions of the secondary particles in which the primary particles are aggregated. It becomes. In addition, regarding the crystal growth of the particles, the growth rate of the primary particles is also greatly different in the positive electrode active material composition used. In particular, Li _a Mn _x Ni _y Co _z O ₂ (0 <a ≦ 1.2, 0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.34 , X + y + z = 1), the composition of the positive electrode active material shown in FIG. For example, when the Co content is high such that the atomic ratio of Ni: Mn: Co is 3: 3.5: 3.5, primary particles may grow and it may be difficult to produce a desired particle structure. .

  A specific method for producing the positive electrode material of the present invention is as follows.

<Method for producing positive electrode material>
The positive electrode material can be produced by the following steps (a) to (e).
(A) For example, Mn _x Ni _y Co _z (0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.0). 34, x + y + z = 1), and pulverized with a bead mill or the like to produce primary particles mainly having a particle size larger than 0.1 μm and smaller than 0.3 μm. Preferably, pulverization is performed so that primary particles having a particle size larger than 0.1 μm and smaller than 0.3 μm occupy 98% or more by volume ratio of the metal oxide.
(B) A known binder for granulating secondary particles, such as polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter abbreviated as PVA), is added to the primary particles and granulated with a spray dryer or the like. After granulation, it is preferable to gradually dry as described above.
(C) A lithium compound such as lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate is added to the granulated particles so that, for example, lithium: (nickel, cobalt and manganese) = 1 is greater than 1 and is 1.2 or less: 1.
(D) The particles after addition of the lithium compound are fired in the air preferably at 750 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower, preferably for 3 to 10 hours.
(E) The fired particles are crushed to produce secondary particles. After crushing, it is preferable to classify and remove coarse particles.

[Production method of lithium ion secondary battery]
The lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention may be any of a cylindrical type, a stacked type, a coin type, a card type and the like, and is not particularly limited. As an example, a method for manufacturing a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery will be described below. .

1) Method for Producing Positive Electrode A conductive material such as graphite, acetylene black, or carbon black is added to and mixed with the secondary particles of the positive electrode active material produced as described above. Here, in the present invention, the dispersion state of the small particle size conductive material with respect to the small particle size positive electrode active material is important for reducing the electrode resistance. In addition, the positive electrode active material used in the present invention has a high specific surface area and a high absorbability of an organic solvent used during electrode preparation. For this reason, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (hereinafter abbreviated as NMP), which is an organic solvent, is mixed with the positive electrode active material in advance to absorb NMP in the positive electrode active material, and then the conductive material is dispersed in the positive electrode active material. Let Thereafter, a binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter abbreviated as PVDF) dissolved in a solvent such as NMP was added to the mixture and kneaded to obtain a positive electrode slurry. Next, after apply | coating this slurry on aluminum metal foil, it dries and produces a positive electrode plate.

2) Method for producing negative electrode A conductive material such as acetylene black and carbon fiber is added to and mixed with an amorphous carbon material which is a negative electrode active material. To this, PVDF or a rubber binder (SBR or the like) dissolved in NMP is added as a binder and then kneaded to obtain a negative electrode slurry. Next, after apply | coating this slurry on copper foil, it dries and produces a positive electrode plate.

3) Battery Formation Method The positive electrode and the negative electrode plate are dried after the slurry is applied to both surfaces of the electrode. Further, it is densified by rolling and cut into a desired shape to produce an electrode. Next, lead pieces for passing a current through these electrodes are formed. A porous insulating material separator is sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wound, and then inserted into a battery can molded of stainless steel or aluminum. Next, after connecting the lead piece and the battery can, a non-aqueous electrolyte is injected, and finally the battery can is sealed to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery.

4) Modularization of battery As a form using the above lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium ion battery module in which a plurality of batteries are connected in series can be cited. The battery module using the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention can increase the output.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but these examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[Example 1]
<Preparation of secondary particles of positive electrode active material>
Manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide and nickel oxide were used as raw materials and weighed so that the atomic ratio of Ni: Mn: Co was 3: 3.5: 3.5, and then pure water was added to form a slurry. The slurry was pulverized with a zirconia bead mill until the average particle size became 0.1 μm to produce primary particles. To this slurry, 1.1 wt% of the PVA solution in terms of solid content ratio was added, and further mixed for 1 hour, and granulated and dried with a spray dryer to produce particles of 3 to 20 μm. Lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate were added to the granulated particles so that the Li: (NiMnCo) ratio was 1.05: 1. Next, this powder is fired at 850 ° C. for 3 to 10 hours to have a crystal having a layered structure, and then crushed, and after removing coarse particles having a particle size of 6 μm or more by classification, the particles are secondary particles. A and used for electrode preparation.

<Method for Measuring Particle Size of Positive Electrode Active Material>
As a result of measuring the average secondary particle diameter of the secondary particles A with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer, the median diameter was 5 μm. Moreover, as a result of observing this particle | grain by 1000 times the visual field with the electron microscope, the secondary particle diameter was 3-6 micrometers in 90% of all the visual fields. Furthermore, as a result of observing the particles with a field of view of 6000 times with an electron microscope, the average primary particle size was 0.2 μm.

<Specific surface area measurement method>
The secondary particles A were dried in advance at 120 ° C., filled in a sample cell, and dried in nitrogen gas at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, the sample cell was attached to the measurement unit, and the specific surface area was calculated by the BET method after counting signals at the time of desorption with the He / N ₂ mixed gas. As a result, the specific surface area of the secondary particles was 1.4 m ² / g.

<Evaluation of pore distribution>
Using the secondary particles A, a positive electrode plate was prepared by the following procedure. A positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by previously mixing a solution in which PVDF as a binder was dissolved in NMP as a solvent with a carbon-based conductive material having secondary particles A and an average particle diameter of 4 μm. At this time, the secondary particles A, the carbon-based conductive material and the binder were expressed by a weight percentage ratio and mixed by the method described above so that the ratio was 85: 10.7: 4.3. This slurry is uniformly applied onto an aluminum sheet having a thickness of 20 μm, dried at 100 ° C., and pressed with a press at 1.5 ton / cm ² to form a coating film having a thickness of about 100 μm. Obtained.

The positive electrode plate was cut into a 2 cm square, and pore size distribution was measured by a mercury intrusion method using a pore sizer 9320 manufactured by Micromeritics. As a result, the pore size distribution volume of 0.1 μm or more and 7 μm or less was 0.42 cm ³ / g.

<Cylindrical battery evaluation>
In order to produce a cylindrical battery, the positive electrode plate 7 using the secondary particles A is cut to a coating width of 5.4 cm and a coating length of 50 cm, and a lead piece made of aluminum foil is welded to take out the current. A plate was made.

  Next, in order to produce a cylindrical battery in combination with the positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate was produced. A negative electrode mixture slurry was prepared by dissolving and mixing the amorphous carbon material of the negative electrode active material in NMP of the binder. At this time, the dry weight ratio of the amorphous carbon material and the binder was set to 92: 8. This slurry was uniformly applied to a 10 μm rolled copper foil. Then, it was compressed and shaped by a roll press machine, cut to a coating width of 5.6 cm and a coating length of 54 cm, and a copper foil lead piece was welded to produce a negative electrode plate.

Using the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate prepared as described above, a cylindrical battery schematically shown in FIG. First, a separator 9 was placed between the positive electrode plate 7 and the negative electrode plate 8 so that they were not in direct contact with each other, and wound to produce an electrode group. At this time, the lead piece 13 of the positive electrode plate and the lead piece 11 of the negative electrode plate were positioned on the opposite end surfaces of the electrode group. Further, the arrangement of the positive electrode plate 7 and the negative electrode plate 8 prevents the positive electrode mixture application portion from protruding from the negative electrode mixture application portion. The separator 9 used here was a microporous polypropylene film having a thickness of 25 μm and a width of 5.8 cm. Next, the electrode group was inserted into a battery can 10 made of SUS, the negative electrode plate lead piece 11 was welded to the bottom of the can, and the positive electrode plate lead piece 13 was welded to the sealing lid portion 12 also serving as a positive electrode current terminal. In the battery can 10 in which this electrode group is arranged, 1.0 mol / liter of LiPF ₆ was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 1: 2 by volume ratio of nonaqueous electrolyte (ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)). After that, the sealing lid portion 12 to which the packing 15 was attached was caulked to the battery can 10 and sealed to obtain a cylindrical battery having a diameter of 18 mm and a length of 65 mm. Here, the sealing lid portion 12 has a cleavage valve that cleaves when the pressure in the battery rises to release the pressure inside the battery, and an insulating plate 14 is disposed between the sealing lid portion 12 and the electrode group.

  This small cylindrical battery was initialized by repeating charging and discharging at 0.3 C up to an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V and a lower limit voltage of 2.7 V three times. Furthermore, charge and discharge were performed up to an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V and a lower limit voltage of 2.7 V at 0.3 C, and the battery discharge capacity was measured. Next, after performing constant current and constant voltage charging at an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V for 5 hours at an equivalent of 0.3 C, a constant current discharge to a lower limit voltage of 2.7 V at an equivalent of 1 C is performed, and the open circuit voltage before discharge And the voltage after 10 seconds of discharge were measured, and the voltage drop (ΔV), which is the difference between the two, was determined. Further, the discharge current was changed to the equivalent of 3C and 6C, the same charge / discharge was performed, and the voltage drop of each discharge current (I) was measured. The discharge current (I) and the voltage drop (ΔV) were plotted, and the battery resistance was calculated from the slope. Next, the battery output was obtained from the open circuit voltage and the battery resistance when the battery charge state was 50%.

  The test battery output of the cylindrical battery using the secondary particles A is shown in the column of Example 1 in Table 1.

  The output of the battery using the positive electrode plate of Example 1 was 3400 W / kg. As described above, the cylindrical battery using the positive electrode plate of Example 1 was able to output the battery at a high output.

  Next, 10 batteries were connected in series to obtain a battery module with high output.

[Comparative Example 1]
Manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide and nickel oxide were used as raw materials and weighed so that the atomic ratio of Ni: Mn: Co was 3: 3: 4, and then pure water was added to form a slurry. The slurry was pulverized with a zirconia bead mill until the average particle size became 0.1 μm to produce primary particles. To this slurry, 1.1 wt% of the PVA solution in terms of solid content ratio was added, and further mixed for 1 hour, and granulated and dried with a spray dryer to produce particles of 3 to 20 μm. Lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate were added to the granulated particles so that the Li: (NiMnCo) ratio was 1.05: 1. Next, this powder is fired at 850 ° C. for 3 to 10 hours to have a crystal having a layered structure, and then crushed, and after removing coarse particles having a particle size of 6 μm or more by classification, the particles are secondary particles. B was used for electrode preparation.

<Method for Measuring Particle Size of Positive Electrode Active Material>
As a result of measuring the average secondary particle diameter of the secondary particles B with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer, the median diameter was 5 μm. Moreover, as a result of observing this particle | grain by 1000 times the visual field with the electron microscope, the secondary particle diameter was 3-6 micrometers in 90% of all the visual fields. Furthermore, as a result of observing these particles with a field of view of 6000 times with an electron microscope, the average primary particle size was 0.5 μm.

<Specific surface area measurement method>
As a result of measuring the specific surface area of the secondary particles B by the method disclosed in Example 1, the specific surface area of the secondary particles was 1.0 m ² / g.

<Evaluation of pore distribution>
Using the secondary particles B, a positive electrode plate was prepared by the following procedure. A positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by previously mixing a solution obtained by dissolving PVDF as a binder in NMP as a solvent, a secondary particle B, and a carbon-based conductive material having an average particle diameter of 4 μm by the method described above. At this time, the secondary particles B, the carbon-based conductive material, and the binder were expressed by a weight percentage ratio and mixed by the above-described method so that the ratio was 85: 10.7: 4.3. This slurry is uniformly coated on an aluminum sheet having a thickness of 20 μm, dried at 100 ° C., and pressed with a press at 1.5 ton / cm ² to form a coating film having a thickness of about 100 μm, thereby obtaining a positive electrode plate. It was.

As a result of measuring the pore diameter volume of the positive electrode plate by the pore evaluation method disclosed in Example 1, the pore diameter distribution volume of 0.1 μm or more and 7 μm or less was 0.27 cm ³ / g.

<Cylindrical battery evaluation>
In order to produce a cylindrical battery, the positive electrode plate using the secondary particles B was cut to a coating width of 5.4 cm and a coating length of 50 cm, and a lead piece made of aluminum foil was welded to take out the current, and the positive electrode plate Was made.

  Next, after producing a negative electrode by the method disclosed in Example 1, a cylindrical battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 in combination with the positive electrode plate.

  The battery output of this small cylindrical battery was determined by the method disclosed in Example 1. The test battery output of the cylindrical battery using the secondary particles B is shown in the column of Comparative Example 1 in Table 1.

  The output of the battery using the positive electrode plate of Comparative Example 1 was 2810 W / kg. As described above, the cylindrical battery using the positive electrode plate of Comparative Example 1 could not achieve high output.

[Comparative Example 2]
Manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide and nickel oxide were used as raw materials and weighed so that the atomic ratio of Ni: Mn: Co was 3.5: 3.5: 3, and then pure water was added to form a slurry. The slurry was pulverized with a zirconia bead mill until the average particle size became 0.1 μm to produce primary particles. To this slurry, 1.1 wt% of the PVA solution in terms of solid content ratio was added, and further mixed for 1 hour, and granulated and dried by a spray dryer to produce particles of 3 to 30 μm. Lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate were added to the granulated particles so that the Li: (NiMnCo) ratio was 1.05: 1. Next, this powder is fired at 850 ° C. for 3 to 10 hours to have a crystal having a layered structure, and then crushed, and after removing coarse particles having a particle size of 8 μm or more by classification, the particles are secondary particles. C and used for electrode preparation.

<Method for Measuring Particle Size of Positive Electrode Active Material>
As a result of measuring the average secondary particle diameter of the secondary particles C using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer, the median diameter was 7 μm. Moreover, as a result of observing this particle | grain by 1000 times the visual field with the electron microscope, the secondary particle diameter was 4-7 micrometers in 90% of all the visual fields. Furthermore, as a result of observing the particles with a field of view of 6000 times with an electron microscope, the average primary particle size was 0.2 μm.

<Specific surface area measurement method>
As a result of measuring the specific surface area of the secondary particles C by the method disclosed in Example 1, the specific surface area of the secondary particles was 0.9 m ² / g.

<Evaluation of pore distribution>
Using the secondary particles C, a positive electrode plate was produced by the following procedure. A positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by previously mixing a solution obtained by dissolving PVDF as a binder in NMP as a solvent, a secondary particle C, and a carbon-based conductive material having an average particle diameter of 4 μm by the method described above. At this time, the secondary particles C, the carbon-based conductive material, and the binder were expressed by a weight percentage ratio and mixed by the above-described method so that the ratio was 85: 10.7: 4.3. This slurry is uniformly coated on an aluminum sheet having a thickness of 20 μm, dried at 100 ° C., and pressed with a press at 1.5 ton / cm ² to form a coating film having a thickness of about 100 μm, thereby obtaining a positive electrode plate. It was.

As a result of measuring the pore diameter volume of the positive electrode plate by the pore evaluation method disclosed in Example 1, the pore diameter distribution volume of 0.1 μm or more and 7 μm or less was 0.273 cm ³ / g.

<Cylindrical battery evaluation>
In order to produce a cylindrical battery, the positive electrode plate 3 using the secondary particles C was cut to a coating width of 5.4 cm and a coating length of 50 cm, and a lead piece made of aluminum foil was welded to take out the current. A plate was made.

  Next, after producing a negative electrode by the method disclosed in Example 1, a cylindrical battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 in combination with the positive electrode plate.

  The battery output of this small cylindrical battery was determined by the method disclosed in Example 1. The test battery output of the cylindrical battery using the secondary particles C is shown in the column of Comparative Example 2 in Table 1.

  The output of the battery using the positive electrode plate of Comparative Example 2 was 2900 W / kg. As described above, in the cylindrical battery using the positive electrode plate of Comparative Example 2, high output could not be performed.

[Comparative Example 3]
Manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide and nickel oxide were used as raw materials and weighed so that the atomic ratio of Ni: Mn: Co was 3.5: 3.5: 3, and then pure water was added to form a slurry. The slurry was pulverized with a zirconia bead mill until the average particle size became 0.1 μm to produce primary particles. The slurry was added with 1.1 wt% of the PVA solution in terms of solid content ratio, further mixed for 1 hour, and granulated and dried with a spray dryer to produce particles of 3 to 10 μm. Lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate were added to the granulated particles so that the Li: (NiMnCo) ratio was 1.05: 1. Next, this powder is fired at 850 ° C. for 3 to 10 hours to have a crystal having a layered structure, and then crushed, and after removing coarse particles having a particle size of 3 μm or more by classification, the particles are secondary particles. D was used for electrode preparation.

<Method for Measuring Particle Size of Positive Electrode Active Material>
As a result of measuring the average secondary particle diameter of the secondary particles D with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer, the median diameter was 2 μm. Moreover, as a result of observing this particle | grain by 1000 times the visual field with the electron microscope, the secondary particle diameter was 1-3 micrometers at 90% of all the visual fields. Furthermore, as a result of observing the particles with a field of view of 6000 times with an electron microscope, the average primary particle size was 0.2 μm.

<Specific surface area measurement method>
As a result of measuring the specific surface area of the secondary particles D by the method disclosed in Example 1, the specific surface area of the secondary particles was 1.7 m ² / g.

<Evaluation of pore distribution>
Using the secondary particles D, a positive electrode plate was prepared by the following procedure. A positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by previously mixing a solution in which PVDF as a binder was dissolved in NMP as a solvent with a carbon-based conductive material having secondary particles D and an average particle size of 4 μm. At this time, the secondary particles D, the carbon-based conductive material, and the binder were expressed by a weight percentage ratio, and were mixed by the above-described method so that the ratio was 85: 10.7: 4.3. This slurry is uniformly coated on an aluminum sheet having a thickness of 20 μm, dried at 100 ° C., and pressed with a press at 1.5 ton / cm ² to form a coating film having a thickness of about 100 μm, thereby obtaining a positive electrode plate. It was.

As a result of measuring the pore diameter volume of the positive electrode plate by the pore evaluation method disclosed in Example 1, the pore diameter distribution volume of 0.1 μm or more and 7 μm or less was 0.5 cm ³ / g.

<Cylindrical battery evaluation>
In order to produce a cylindrical battery, the positive electrode plate 4 using the secondary particles D was cut to a coating width of 5.4 cm and a coating length of 50 cm, and an aluminum foil lead piece was welded to take out the current. A plate was made.

  Next, after producing a negative electrode by the method disclosed in Example 1, a cylindrical battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 in combination with the positive electrode plate.

  The battery output of this small cylindrical battery was determined by the method disclosed in Example 1. The test battery output of the cylindrical battery using the secondary particles D is shown in the column of Comparative Example 3 in Table 1.

  The output of the battery using the positive electrode plate of Comparative Example 3 was 2700 W / kg. As described above, the cylindrical battery using the positive electrode plate of Comparative Example 3 could not achieve high output.

[Comparative Example 4]
<Evaluation of pore distribution>
Using the secondary particles A used in Example 1 as the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode plate was prepared by the following procedure. A positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by previously mixing a solution obtained by dissolving PVDF as a binder in NMP as a solvent, a secondary particle A, and a carbon-based conductive material having an average particle diameter of 7 μm by the method described above. At this time, the secondary particles A, the carbon-based conductive material and the binder were expressed by a weight percentage ratio and mixed by the method described above so that the ratio was 85: 10.7: 4.3. This slurry is uniformly coated on an aluminum sheet having a thickness of 20 μm, dried at 100 ° C., and pressed with a press at 1.5 ton / cm ² to form a coating film having a thickness of about 100 μm, thereby obtaining a positive electrode plate. It was.

As a result of measuring the pore diameter volume of the positive electrode plate by the pore evaluation method disclosed in Example 1, the pore diameter distribution volume of 0.1 μm or more and 7 μm or less was 0.41 cm ³ / g.

<Cylindrical battery evaluation>
In order to fabricate a cylindrical battery, the positive electrode plate using the secondary particles A was cut to a coating width of 5.4 cm and a coating length of 50 cm, and a lead piece made of aluminum foil was welded to take out the current. Was made.

  Next, after producing a negative electrode by the method disclosed in Example 1, a cylindrical battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 in combination with the positive electrode plate.

  The battery output of this small cylindrical battery was determined by the method disclosed in Example 1. The test battery output of the cylindrical battery by the positive electrode plate using the secondary particles A is shown in the column of Comparative Example 4 in Table 1.

  The output of the battery using the positive electrode plate of Comparative Example 4 was 2940 W / kg. As described above, in the cylindrical battery using the positive electrode plate of Comparative Example 4, high output could not be performed.

[Comparative Example 5]
<Evaluation of pore distribution>
Using the secondary particles A used in Example 1 as the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode plate was prepared by the following procedure. A positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by previously mixing a solution in which PVDF as a binder was dissolved in NMP as a solvent with a carbon-based conductive material having secondary particles A and an average particle diameter of 2 μm. At this time, the secondary particles A, the carbon-based conductive material and the binder were expressed by a weight percentage ratio and mixed by the method described above so that the ratio was 85: 10.7: 4.3. This slurry is uniformly coated on an aluminum sheet having a thickness of 20 μm, dried at 100 ° C., and pressed with a press at 1.5 ton / cm ² to form a coating film having a thickness of about 100 μm, thereby obtaining a positive electrode plate. It was.

As a result of measuring the pore diameter volume of the positive electrode plate by the pore evaluation method disclosed in Example 1, the pore diameter distribution volume of 0.1 μm or more and 7 μm or less was 0.5 cm ³ / g.

<Cylindrical battery evaluation>
In order to fabricate a cylindrical battery, the positive electrode plate using the secondary particles A was cut to a coating width of 5.4 cm and a coating length of 50 cm, and a lead piece made of aluminum foil was welded to take out the current. Was made.

  Next, after producing a negative electrode by the method disclosed in Example 1, a cylindrical battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 in combination with the positive electrode plate.

  The battery output of this small cylindrical battery was determined by the method disclosed in Example 1. The test battery output of the cylindrical battery by the positive electrode plate using the secondary particles A is shown in the column of Comparative Example 5 in Table 1.

  The output of the battery using the positive electrode plate of Comparative Example 5 was 2800 W / kg. As described above, the cylindrical battery using the positive electrode plate of Comparative Example 5 could not achieve high output.

[Example 2]
<Evaluation of pore distribution>
Using the secondary particles A used in Example 1 as the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode plate was prepared by the following procedure. A positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by previously mixing a solution obtained by dissolving PVDF as a binder in NMP as a solvent, a secondary particle A, and a carbon-based conductive material having an average particle size of 6 μm by the method described above. At this time, the secondary particles A, the carbon-based conductive material and the binder were expressed by a weight percentage ratio and mixed by the method described above so that the ratio was 85: 10.7: 4.3. This slurry is uniformly coated on an aluminum sheet having a thickness of 20 μm, dried at 100 ° C., and pressed with a press at 1.5 ton / cm ² to form a coating film having a thickness of about 100 μm, thereby obtaining a positive electrode plate. It was.

As a result of measuring the pore diameter volume of the positive electrode plate by the pore evaluation method disclosed in Example 1, the pore diameter distribution volume of 0.1 μm or more and 7 μm or less was 0.415 cm ³ / g.

<Cylindrical battery evaluation>
In order to fabricate a cylindrical battery, the positive electrode plate using the secondary particles A was cut to a coating width of 5.4 cm and a coating length of 50 cm, and a lead piece made of aluminum foil was welded to take out the current. Was made.

  Next, after producing a negative electrode by the method disclosed in Example 1, a cylindrical battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 in combination with the positive electrode plate.

  The battery output of this small cylindrical battery was determined by the method disclosed in Example 1. The test battery output of the cylindrical battery by the positive electrode plate using the secondary particles A is shown in the column of Comparative Example 5 in Table 1.

  The output of the battery using the positive electrode plate of Example 2 was 3100 W / kg. As described above, the cylindrical battery using the positive electrode plate of Example 2 was able to increase the output.

  Next, 10 batteries were connected in series to obtain a battery module with high output.

Example 3
<Evaluation of pore distribution>
Using the secondary particles A used in Example 1 as the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode plate was prepared by the following procedure. A positive electrode mixture obtained by previously mixing a solution obtained by dissolving PVDF as a binder in NMP as a solvent, a secondary particle A, a carbon-based conductive material having an average particle diameter of 4 μm, and acetylene black having a particle diameter of 70 to 110 nm by the method described above. A slurry was prepared. At this time, the secondary particles A, the carbon-based conductive material and the binder were expressed by a weight percentage ratio and mixed by the method described above so that the ratio was 85: 10.7: 4.3. This slurry is uniformly coated on an aluminum sheet having a thickness of 20 μm, dried at 100 ° C., and pressed with a press at 1.5 ton / cm ² to form a coating film having a thickness of about 100 μm, thereby obtaining a positive electrode plate. It was.

As a result of measuring the pore diameter volume of the positive electrode plate by the pore evaluation method disclosed in Example 1, the pore diameter distribution volume of 0.1 μm or more and 7 μm or less was 0.425 cm ³ / g.

<Cylindrical battery evaluation>
In order to fabricate a cylindrical battery, the positive electrode plate using the secondary particles A was cut to a coating width of 5.4 cm and a coating length of 50 cm, and a lead piece made of aluminum foil was welded to take out the current. Was made.

  Next, after producing a negative electrode by the method disclosed in Example 1, a cylindrical battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 in combination with the positive electrode plate.

  The battery output of this small cylindrical battery was determined by the method disclosed in Example 1. The test battery output of the cylindrical battery by the positive electrode plate using the secondary particles A is shown in the column of Example 3 in Table 1.

  The output of the battery using the positive electrode plate of Example 3 was 3430 W / kg. As described above, the cylindrical battery using the positive electrode plate of Example 3 was able to increase the output.

  Next, 10 batteries were connected in series to obtain a battery module with high output.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the lithium secondary battery suitable for the apparatus application which needs high output, such as a hybrid vehicle and a secondary battery for tools, can be provided.

The relationship between the positive electrode active material particle and conductive material particle which comprise the conventional positive electrode is shown. The relationship between the positive electrode active material particle which comprises the positive electrode of this invention, and electrically conductive material particle is shown. It is a notch sectional view of the cylindrical lithium secondary battery of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Positive electrode active material secondary particle 2 Conductive material particle 7 Positive electrode plate 8 Negative electrode plate 9 Separator 10 Battery can 11 Negative electrode plate lead piece 12 Sealing cover part 13 Positive electrode plate lead piece 14 Insulating plate 15 Packing

Claims (11)

  A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, comprising: a positive electrode active material having a secondary particle size of 3 μm or more and 6 μm or less in which primary particles of 0.1 μm or more and less than 0.3 μm are aggregated; and a massive conductive material having a particle size of 6 μm or less. 2. The positive electrode measured by mercury intrusion method has a pore volume in the range of 0.1 to 7 μm in pore diameter of 0.29 cm ³ / g or more and less than 0.47 cm ³ / g. The positive electrode as described. The positive electrode active material has the chemical formula Li _a Mn _x Ni _y Co _z O ₂ (0 <a ≦ 1.2, 0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ A positive electrode characterized by being a layered composite oxide represented by z ≦ 0.34, x + y + z = 1). 2. The positive electrode according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material has a specific surface area of 1.1 m ² / g or more and less than 5 m ² / g.   The positive electrode according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode includes a hollow carbon material.   A lithium ion secondary battery in which the positive electrode according to claim 1 is used.   A battery module in which a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries according to claim 6 are electrically connected. In a lithium secondary battery in which a positive electrode that occludes and releases lithium and a negative electrode that occludes and releases lithium are formed via an electrolyte solution,
The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material and a conductive material,
The positive electrode active material is a layered composite oxide having a secondary particle diameter of 3 μm or more and 6 μm or less in which primary particles of 0.1 μm or more and less than 0.3 μm are aggregated,
The layered composite oxide has the chemical formula Li _a Mn _x Ni _y Co _z O ₂ (0 <a ≦ 1.2, 0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.9, 0.1. ≦ z ≦ 0.34, x + y + z = 1),
The particle size of the conductive material is 6 μm or less,
The lithium secondary battery, wherein the positive electrode active material has a specific surface area of 1.1 m ² / g or more and less than 1.5 m ² / g. In a lithium secondary battery in which a positive electrode that occludes and releases lithium and a negative electrode that occludes and releases lithium are formed via an electrolyte solution,
The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material and a conductive material,
The positive electrode active material is a layered composite oxide having a secondary particle diameter of 3 μm or more and 6 μm or less in which primary particles of 0.1 μm or more and less than 0.3 μm are aggregated,
Pore volume in the pore diameter 0.1 to 7μm or less of the range of the positive electrode measured by mercury porosimetry, a lithium secondary battery and less than 0.29 cm ³ / g or more 0.47 cm ³ / g .   The lithium secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the conductive material is acetylene black.   The lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the conductive material is a hollow carbon material having a diameter of 20 nm or more and less than 80 nm and a length of 3 μm or more and 8 μm or less.

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