JP2009219167A - Amplifier with predistortion type distortion compensation function - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the influence caused by memory effects of an amplifier by the amplifier with a predistortion type compensation distortion function which compensates the distortion generated in the amplifier for amplifying an input signal by a predistortion method. <P>SOLUTION: A distortion component caused by the memory effects of the amplifier is compensated by using a temporal difference, as a result of raising the input signal to the even number power with a means for compensating a memory effect distortion component. As one example, the amplifier with a predistortion type compensation distortion function is composed by using even number power means 11, 16 for raising the input signal to the even number power, even number power result delaying means 12, 17 for delaying a signal of the even number power result, means 13, 18 for detecting the temporal difference of the even number power result which detect the difference between the signal of the even number power result and a delay signal, input signal multiplication means 14, 19 for multiplying the signal of the detection result and the input signal, distortion compensation coefficient multiplication means 15, 20 for multiplying the signal of the multiplication result and a distortion compensation coefficient, and a means 21 for adding the multiplication result of the distortion compensation coefficient which adds the input signal and the signal of the multiplication result. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an amplifier having a function of performing distortion compensation by a predistortion method, and more particularly to a technique for reducing the influence of a memory effect.

For example, in a base station apparatus of a mobile communication system, a signal to be transmitted is amplified by an amplifier in an amplifying unit of a transmitter. Further, since non-linear distortion occurs in the amplifier according to the level of the input signal, etc., the distortion is compensated by a predistortion method or the like.
However, the conventional predistortion method can compensate for distortion generated by an amplifier that does not consider the memory effect, but cannot compensate for the influence of the memory effect. In addition, various studies have been made to solve this problem (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1), but it is still not sufficient and further development has been desired.

Kawaguchi, Akaiwa, "Adaptive predistorter type distortion compensation for amplifiers affected by even order distortion", IEICE Technical Report, MW 2002-208 (2003-03), p. 63-66

As shown in the above conventional example, in the conventional amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function, further development of a configuration for compensating for distortion generated in the amplifier considering the memory effect has been desired.
The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional situation, and an object thereof is to provide an amplifier with a predistortion type distortion compensation function capable of reducing the influence of the memory effect.

In order to achieve the above object, in the amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function according to the present invention, the following processing is performed when the distortion generated in the amplifier that amplifies the input signal is compensated by the predistortion system.
That is, the memory effect distortion component compensation means compensates for a distortion component generated due to the memory effect of the amplifier, using a temporal difference as a result of raising the input signal to an even power.
As an example of the configuration, the amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function according to the present invention has the following configuration.
That is, in the memory effect distortion component compensating means, the even power means multiplies the input signal by the even power, the even power result delay means delays the signal of the even power result by the even power means, and the even power result time difference detecting means is the even power means. The difference between the signal of the even power result by the delay signal by the even power result delay means is detected, and the input signal multiplication means multiplies the signal of the detection result by the even power result time difference detection means by the input signal, and multiplies the distortion compensation coefficient. The means multiplies the signal of the multiplication result by the input signal multiplication means and the distortion compensation coefficient, and the distortion compensation coefficient multiplication result addition means adds the input signal and the signal of the multiplication result by the distortion compensation coefficient multiplication means.

Therefore, for example, the influence of the distortion component due to the memory effect of the amplifier can be reduced with a simple configuration.
Here, various signals may be used as the input signal.
Also, various values may be used as the even power order (that is, the even power “n”). Further, as the even power, a plurality of orders may be used, for example, “square, fourth and sixth power”.
Various values may be used as the time difference of the result of raising the input signal to an even power.
Further, as the delay time of the even power result signal, for example, various times may be used depending on the time difference required for the even power result signal.
Various values may be used as the distortion compensation coefficient.
As the degree (accuracy) of compensating the distortion component, various degrees may be used as long as they are practically effective.

In the amplifier with a predistortion type distortion compensation function according to the present invention, as one configuration example, the non-linear distortion component compensation means includes AM (Amplitude Modulation) -AM characteristics and AM-PM (Phase Modulation) as follows. ) Compensates for distortion components generated due to nonlinear characteristics.
That is, in the nonlinear distortion component compensation means, the even power means multiplies the input signal by an even power, the even power result multiplication means multiplies the signal of the even power result by the even power means and the input signal, and the distortion compensation coefficient multiplication means The multiplication result signal by the even power result multiplication means is multiplied by the distortion compensation coefficient, and the distortion compensation coefficient multiplication result addition means adds the input signal and the multiplication result signal by the distortion compensation coefficient multiplication means.
Therefore, for example, the influence of the distortion component due to the AM-AM characteristic and AM-PM characteristic of the amplifier can be reduced with a simple configuration, and the influence of the distortion component due to the memory effect of the amplifier can be reduced as a whole. Highly accurate distortion compensation can be realized.
Here, various values may be used as orders of even powers (that is, “n” of n powers that are even numbers). A plurality of orders may be used as the even power.
Various values may be used as the distortion compensation coefficient.

Below, the structural example which concerns on this invention is shown further.
As one configuration example, the memory effect distortion component compensating means includes an even power means for raising the input signal to an even power, an even power result delay means for delaying an even power result signal by the even power means, and an even power result by the even power means. Even power result time difference detecting means for detecting the difference between the signal of the signal and the delayed signal by the even power result delay means, and even power result time difference control for storing the correspondence between the value detected by the even power result time difference detecting means and the control value A value correspondence storage means and an input signal changing means for changing an input signal according to a control value corresponding to a detection value by the even power result time difference detection means based on the stored contents of the even power result time difference control value correspondence storage means. Configured.
Here, the input signal changing means is, for example, a multiplying means that multiplies the control value and the input signal, or an input signal amplitude phase that changes one or both of the amplitude and the phase of the input signal based on the control value. It is a change means.

As one configuration example, a control unit is provided, and feedback processing, processing based on the level of the input signal, and the like are performed regarding distortion compensation processing by the nonlinear distortion component compensation unit and distortion compensation processing by the memory effect distortion component compensation unit.
As one configuration example, after updating and converging the distortion compensation parameter by the nonlinear distortion component compensation unit, the parameter of the distortion compensation processing by the memory effect distortion component compensation unit is updated and converged, and then the nonlinear distortion The process of updating and converging the distortion compensation parameter by the component compensation unit and the process of updating and converging the parameter of the distortion compensation process by the memory effect distortion component compensation unit are executed alternately.
Here, various parameters such as a distortion compensation coefficient and corresponding contents for control stored in a table may be used as the parameters.
As one configuration example, the input signal is a complex signal. As one configuration example, the distortion compensation coefficient is a complex signal. As one configuration example, the multiplication means for multiplying a complex signal is configured using a complex multiplier.
As one configuration example, a base station device of a mobile communication system such as a mobile phone system or a simple mobile phone system (PHS: Personal Handy phone System) is provided. Is a signal.

  As described above, according to the amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function according to the present invention, when the distortion generated in the amplifier that amplifies the input signal is compensated by the predistortion system, the time as a result of raising the input signal to an even power Therefore, the distortion component generated due to the memory effect of the amplifier is compensated by using the difference, so that the influence of the distortion component due to the memory effect of the amplifier can be reduced with a simple configuration, for example. Distortion compensation can be realized.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function which concerns on a present Example. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the memory effect predistorter which concerns on 1st Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the memory effect predistorter which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the memory effect predistorter which concerns on 3rd Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the predistorter which concerns on 4th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the procedure of the update process of the distortion compensation coefficient which concerns on 5th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the result of the simulation of distortion compensation which concerns on 6th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the amplifier with a distortion compensation function by a predistortion system. It is a figure which shows an example of the image of the distortion compensation table which considered the memory effect. It is a figure which shows an example of the model of the amplifier which considered the memory effect.

Embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In this embodiment, a case where the present invention is applied to an amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function provided in a base station apparatus of a mobile communication system is shown. In the amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function according to the present embodiment, the multicarrier signal to be amplified is amplified by the amplifier, and the distortion generated by the amplifier is compensated. At this time, the influence of the memory effect of the amplifier is also compensated. To do.
First, a configuration example of an amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function according to the present embodiment will be shown.
As shown in FIG. 1, the amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function according to the present embodiment is supplied to the amplifier in order to give an inverse characteristic (predistortion) that compensates for the non-linear distortion of the AM-AM characteristic or the AM-PM characteristic. Predistorter 1 that modulates the amplitude and phase of the input signal and a memory that modulates the amplitude and phase of the output signal from predistorter 1 to provide inverse characteristics (predistortion) that compensate for distortion caused by the memory effect An effect predistorter 2, an amplification unit 3 that is a distortion compensation target and amplifies a transmission signal, and a control unit 4 that adaptively controls the predistorter 1 and the memory effect predistorter 2 are provided.

The predistorter 1 performs distortion compensation based on the instantaneous power, for example, as in the prior art, and includes a power detection unit, a look-up table (LUT), and the like. The predistorter 1 is for compensating the AM-AM characteristic and AM-PM characteristic of the amplifier of the amplifying unit 3, and in this example, the memory effect is not compensated.
The memory effect predistorter 2 compensates for distortion caused by the memory effect of the amplifier of the amplifying unit 3. In this embodiment, the memory effect predistorter 2 uses the difference signal between the signal obtained by multiplying the input signal by an even power and the signal obtained by delaying the signal raised by the even power.
Here, the distortion caused by the AM-AM characteristic or the AM-PM characteristic and the distortion caused by the memory effect are determined by the input signal of the amplifying unit 3, and the input of the amplifier with the predistortion system distortion compensation function according to the present embodiment. It is not determined by the signal. For this reason, the distortion generated in the amplifying unit 3 is determined by a signal including a change in amplitude and phase due to the reverse characteristics of the distortion given by the predistorter 1 and the memory effect predistorter 2.

Further, according to the study by the present inventors, the amplitude and phase that change in the predistorter 1 are larger than the amplitude and phase that change in the memory effect predistorter 2, so that the predistorter as in this embodiment. A better characteristic can be obtained if the memory effect predistorter 2 is arranged after the first stage.
On the other hand, in the configuration in which the predistorter 1 is arranged after the memory effect predistorter 2, for example, the memory effect when the input signal of the amplifier with the predistortion type distortion compensation function is input to the amplifying unit 3 is stored in the memory effect predistorter 2. Although the distorter 1 compensates, since the amplitude and phase changes in the predistorter 1 are large, the memory effect that the memory effect predistorter 2 predicted at the beginning and the memory effect that actually occurs The difference is likely to increase.
The amplifying unit 3 includes one or a plurality of amplifiers, and has nonlinear characteristics and memory effect characteristics that are distortion compensation targets. Generally, when the distortion is compensated to −50 to −60 dBc or less with a predistorter, it is affected by the memory effect.
The control unit 4 sets a distortion compensation table and a distortion compensation coefficient of each predistorter 1 and 2 and performs processing for adapting to changes in the environment.

Next, the principle used in the memory effect predistorter 2 according to this embodiment will be described.
In the present embodiment, assuming that the reason for the occurrence of the memory effect is that the bias fluctuation is caused by the power generated by the parasitic inductor, the influence of the memory effect is compensated as follows.
That is, the electromotive force generated by the inductor, that is, the power supply voltage fluctuation V (t) is expressed by Equation 1. Here, t represents time, L represents inductor [H: Henry], and i (t) represents current.
Further, the above equation 1 is expressed as equation 2, where Δt is a minute time.

  In this embodiment, the memory effect is compensated by approximating the distortion generated by the memory effect in the amplifier using the above equation 2 and adding a signal −V (t) for canceling the distortion to the input to the amplifier in advance. To do. In the hardware according to the present embodiment, Δt is preferably handled as T (= one clock of the minimum unit time). However, for example, as long as the differential can be approximated by a difference, the present embodiment does not deviate from the present embodiment. Further, in the present embodiment, only the difference is handled and realized with a simple configuration, that is, the above formula 2 is regarded as the formula 3 and used.

A memory effect predistorter 2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIG. 2, the memory effect predistorter 2 of this example includes a square detector 11, a delay circuit 12, a subtractor 13, and two (complex) multipliers 14 and 15. And a quadrature detector 16, a delay circuit 17, a subtracter 18, two (complex) multipliers 19 and 20, and an adder 21.
An example of the operation by the memory effect predistorter 2 of this example will be shown.
The input signal is a complex vector I, Q digital baseband signal. In this example, the input signal is an output signal from the predistorter 1.
The square detector 11 detects the square value of the predistorter input signal and normally calculates the value of (I ² + Q ² ). The delay circuit 12 delays the output (detection value) from the square detector 11 by T [sec]. The subtractor 13 subtracts the output of the square detector 11 T [sec] before the output of the delay circuit 12 from the output of the square detector 11. When the I and Q input signals are expressed as I (t) and Q (t), the output signal P2 from the subtractor 13 is expressed by the square difference of Equation 4.

Note that T is preferably one clock time, but does not deviate from the present embodiment as long as the differential can be approximated by a difference. This square difference corresponds to the differential coefficient.
The multiplier 14 multiplies the square difference value from the subtracter 13 and the input signal. This output corresponds to a signal obtained by re-modulating the carrier signal, becomes a third-order component, and has a frequency component near the carrier frequency. The multiplier 15 multiplies the output from the multiplier 14 and the distortion compensation coefficient E2.
The distortion compensation coefficient E2 is expressed as a complex vector (E2real + j · E2imag), and is set so that the control unit 4 can compensate for the distortion. Here, j represents the imaginary part. E2real represents the real number component of E2, and E2img represents the imaginary number component of E2.
The complex vector E2 is expressed as Equation 5. Here, sqrt represents the square root. Also, | Amp | is an amplitude component, which is proportional to the magnitude of L in Equation 3 above, and corresponds to, for example, a fixed gain that gives the amplitude of the secondary distortion. Phase is a phase component, for example, a fixed phase shift in the input signal, and is set so as to be canceled as an opposite phase of the phase change φ by the fixed phase changer 91 of FIG.

Although the signal path of the square detector 11 has been described above, the same processing is performed on the signal path of the square detector 16.
That is, the fourth power value of the input signal is detected by the fourth power detector 16, the fourth power value is delayed by the delay circuit 17, and the fourth power value that is delayed by the subtractor 18 is delayed. A difference from the value is detected, the multiplier 19 multiplies the difference by the input signal, and the multiplier 20 multiplies the multiplication result by the distortion compensation coefficient E4.
The third-order component that is the multiplication result by the multiplier 15 and the fifth-order component that is the multiplication result by the multiplier 20 are input to the adder 21.
The adder 21 adds the input signal and the output from the third-order or fifth-order predistorter (multipliers 15 and 20), and outputs the addition result. In this example, the output signal is output to the amplifying unit 3.
The output signal SPD2 (t) from the memory effect predistorter 2 of this example is expressed as shown in Equation 6.

Here, S2 (t) represents an input signal of the memory effect predistorter 2. When the output signal SPD2 (t) expressed by the above equation 6 is input to the amplifier of the amplifier 3, the output signal from the amplifier 3 is not affected by the memory effect because it cancels out the effect of the memory effect generated by the amplifier. It becomes a signal, that is, distortion due to the memory effect is compensated.
In this example, only the third order by the signal path of the square detector 11 and the fifth order by the signal path of the fourth power detector 16 are illustrated, but there is no particular limitation on the number of types of orders to be used, for example. In general, for other odd-orders (7th-order, 9th-order,...), The square detector 11 and the fourth-power detector 16 are replaced with other even-numbered powers (6th power, 8th power,...). It is possible to expand by using a detector.

As described above, in the amplifier with the predistortion distortion compensation function of the present example, the function of multiplying the complex input signal to an even power, the delay function of delaying the output signal of the function of multiplying the even power, and the output of the function of multiplying the even power An addition (subtraction) function for obtaining a difference between the signal and the output signal of the delay function, a multiplication function for multiplying the input signal and the output signal of the addition function, an output signal of the multiplication function, and a complex distortion compensation coefficient. A complex multiplication function for multiplying and an addition function for adding the input signal and the output signal of the complex multiplication function are provided.
Therefore, when the memory effect predistorter 2 of this example is used, when the input signal is amplified by the amplifier, the influence of the distortion component caused by the memory effect generated by the amplifier can be compensated. And spurious can be reduced, leading to an increase in power efficiency. Further, for example, the circuit scale can be made relatively small.

A memory effect predistorter 2 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIG. 3, the memory effect predistorter 2 of this example includes a square detector 31, a delay circuit 32, a subtractor 33, a look-up table (LUT) 34, and a (complex) multiplier. 35. Here, the operations of the square detector 31, the delay circuit 32, and the subtractor 33 are the same as those shown in FIGS.
The LUT 34 stores a memory effect compensation table automatically converged by the control unit 4. The LUT 34 uses the output from the subtracter 33 as a table reference argument.
Then, the multiplier 35 multiplies the distortion compensation complex vector stored in the table 34 by the input signal, and uses the multiplication result as an output signal to the amplifier 3.

When the output signal from the memory effect predistorter 2 of this example is input to the amplifier of the amplifying unit 3, the output of the amplifier becomes a signal that is not affected by the memory effect. In addition, since the input signal of the memory effect predistorter 2 of this example is an output signal from the predistorter 1, the output from the amplifier of the amplifying unit 3 is a signal without distortion.
In this example, only the third-order case is illustrated, but it is possible to extend to other odd-orders as described in the first embodiment.
As described above, in the memory effect predistorter 2 of this example, the function that multiplies the complex input signal to the even power, the delay function that delays the output signal of the function that multiplies the even input, and the output signal of the function that multiplies the even power Multiplying the input signal and the output signal of the memory by the addition (subtraction) function for obtaining the difference between the delay function and the output signal of the delay function, the memory function of the look-up table storing the distortion compensation control value A complex multiplication function is provided. Also in this example, the same effect as in the case of the first embodiment can be obtained.

A memory effect predistorter 2 which is an RF predistorter according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIG. 4A, the memory effect predistorter 2 of this example includes a square detector 41 configured by a square circuit, a delay circuit 42 configured by a delay element, an operational amplifier ( A subtractor 43 composed of hardware such as an operational amplifier), an A / D (Analog to Digital) converter 49a that performs A / D conversion, a lookup table (LUT) 44, and two D / A (Digital to Analog) converters 45 and 46, a voltage variable attenuator 47, and a voltage variable phase shifter 48. Here, the operations of the square detector 41, the delay circuit 42, the subtractor 43, and the LUT 44 are the same as those shown in FIG. 3, for example, 31, 32, 33, and 34, for example. As another configuration example, in the configuration of FIG. 4B, the A / D converter 49b shown in FIG. The delay circuit 42 and the subtractor 43 are configured by a digital circuit or digital signal processing, for example, similarly to the delay circuit 32 and the subtractor 33 shown in FIG.

Each of the D / A converters 45 and 46 converts the control value stored in the table 44 into a voltage control signal by D / A conversion. One D / A converter 45 receives a control value for controlling the voltage variable attenuator 47 from the table 44, and the other D / A converter 46 controls the voltage variable phase shifter 48 from the table 44. A control value for input is input.
The voltage variable attenuator 47 and the voltage variable phase shifter 48 are controlled by output signals from the respective D / A converters 45 and 46, and these two are complex multipliers (for example, the complex multiplication shown in FIG. 3 above). Serving as a container 35). This is particularly effective when the interface with the outside of the amplifier with the distortion compensation function is an RF signal.
In this example, only the third-order case is illustrated, but it is possible to extend to other odd-orders as described in the first embodiment.
As described above, in the memory effect predistorter 2 of the present example, the function of multiplying an input signal to an even power, the delay function that delays the output signal of the function of even power, and the output signal of the function of even power An addition (subtraction) function for obtaining a difference from the output signal of the delay function, a memory function of a look-up table storing a control value for distortion compensation, and a D / D for converting the output of the memory function into an analog signal An A conversion function; an attenuator that varies the attenuation amount of the input signal according to the output signal of the D / A conversion function; and a phase shift amount of the input signal that varies according to the output signal of the D / A converter. A phase shifter was provided. Also in this example, the same effect as in the case of the first embodiment can be obtained.

A predistorter 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 5A shows one configuration example of the predistorter 1.
The predistorter 1 of this example includes an envelope detection circuit 51, a lookup table (LUT) 52, and a (complex) multiplier 53.
The envelope detection circuit 51 detects the envelope voltage or power of the input signal, and this output (detected value) corresponds to the instantaneous power of the input signal. By using the distortion compensation coefficient stored in the distortion compensation table 52 with the output as a reference argument, the complex multiplier 53 multiplies the distortion compensation coefficient and the input signal by complex multiplication, so that the AM-AM characteristic of the input signal is obtained. And reverse characteristics of AM-PM characteristics. The signal given the inverse characteristic is output to the memory effect predistorter 2.

FIG. 5B shows another configuration example of the predistorter 1, which is an example in the case of performing analog predistortion.
The predistorter 1 of this example includes an envelope detection circuit 61, an A / D converter 65 that performs A / D conversion, a lookup table (LUT) 62, and two D / A conversions that perform D / A conversion. Devices 66 and 67, a variable voltage attenuator 63, and a variable voltage phase shifter 64. The input signal is an RF signal.
The envelope detection circuit 61 detects the envelope voltage or power of the input signal. This output (detected value) is A / D converted by the A / D converter 65, and the amplitude control value and the phase control value stored in the distortion compensation table 62 as reference arguments are output by the D / A converters 66 and 67. By controlling the voltage variable attenuator 63 and the voltage variable phase shifter 64 according to the respective control values, the AM-AM characteristic and the inverse characteristic of the AM-PM characteristic are given to the input signal. The signal given the inverse characteristic is output to the memory effect predistorter 2.

FIG. 5C shows another configuration example of the predistorter 1.
The predistorter 1 of this example includes a square detector 71 and two (complex) multipliers 72 and 73, and similarly includes a fourth detector 74 and two (complex) multipliers 75 and 76. And an adder 77. The input signal is a complex I, Q baseband digital signal.
The square detector 71 calculates the square value of the input signal. The multiplier 72 multiplies the square value and the input signal, and in this output (the multiplication result), the input amplitude becomes the third power and the phase is maintained. The multiplier 73 complex-multiplies the output signal from the multiplier 72 by the distortion compensation coefficient O3.
Similarly, the fourth power detector 74 calculates the fourth power value of the input signal. The multiplier 75 multiplies the fourth power value and the input signal, and in this output (the multiplication result), the input amplitude becomes the fifth power and the phase is maintained. The multiplier 76 complex-multiplies the output signal from the multiplier 75 by the distortion compensation coefficient O5.
The distortion compensation coefficient O3 is expressed as a complex vector (O3real + j · O3imag), and is set so that the control unit 4 can compensate for the distortion. Here, O3real represents the real number component of O3, and O3image represents the imaginary number component of O3.
The complex vector O3 is expressed as Expression 7. Here, | Amp | is an amplitude component, and Phase is a phase component.
The same applies to the distortion compensation coefficient O5.

The adder 77 adds the input signal, the third-order complex multiplication result input from the multiplier 73, and the fifth-order complex multiplication result input from the multiplier 76, and adds the addition result to the memory effect predistorter. Output to 2. As described above, the adder 77 adds an odd-order (for example, third-order, fifth-order, seventh-order,...) Signal to the input signal, and obtains an inverse characteristic of the AM-AM characteristic and the AM-PM characteristic. give.
An output signal SPD1 (t) from the predistorter 1 of this example is expressed as in Expression 8.

Here, S1 (t) is an input signal of the predistorter 1 of this example. In this example, since the coefficient of the fundamental wave is fixed at (1 + j · 0), the predistorter 1 keeps the gain and phase of the input signal constant.
Further, when the predistortion component of the output signal from the predistorter 1 of this example is input to the amplifier of the amplifying unit 3, it cancels out the influence of the AM-AM characteristic and AM-PM characteristic generated in the amplifier. The output signal from the amplifying unit 3 becomes a signal without distortion, that is, the distortion is compensated.
In this example, only the cases of the third order and the fifth order are illustrated, but it is possible to extend to other odd orders as described in the first embodiment. The configuration as in this example has an advantage that it is not necessary to provide a memory (LUT).
As described above, in the predistorter 1 of this example, the function of multiplying the complex input signal by an even power, the multiplication function of multiplying the input signal by the output signal of the function of multiplying by the even power, the output signal of the multiplication function, A complex multiplication function for multiplying the complex distortion compensation coefficient and an addition function for adding the input signal and the output signal of the complex multiplication function are provided.

The convergence algorithm of the predistortion type amplifier with distortion compensation function according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In this example, various configurations may be used as the predistorter 1 and the memory effect predistorter 2, respectively.
FIG. 6 shows an example of the processing flow of the convergence algorithm of this example.
That is, when the distortion compensation coefficient update process is started (step S1), first, the distortion compensation coefficients O3, O5,... (Or LUT) of the predistorter 1 are updated (step S2). (Step S3), and then the distortion compensation coefficients E2, E4,... (Or LUT) of the memory effect predistorter 2 are updated (step S4). ), The distortion is converged to an optimum value that can be most compensated (step S5), and even after the first-order convergence, the update of the distortion compensation coefficient is not completed and the tracking process is started. The distortion compensation coefficients of the predistorter 1 and the memory effect predistorter 2 are updated alternately (steps S6 and S7) to adapt to various changes due to temperature and aging.

Here, normally, the distortion generated by the AM-AM characteristic and the AM-PM characteristic is more dominant than the distortion generated by the memory effect. Therefore, as in this example, the predistorter 1 The processing procedure for updating and converging the distortion compensation coefficient of the memory effect predistorter 2 after updating the distortion compensation coefficient of the memory effect predistorter 2 shortens the convergence time compared to the opposite processing procedure (that is, , Make convergence faster).
As a convergence method, for example, the complex coefficient may be divided into an amplitude | Amp | and a phase Phase as shown in the above formula 5 and the above formula 7, and converged. As another method, convergence may be performed by dividing into complex real numbers and imaginary numbers, or two variables may be converged together. When an LUT is used, for example, convergence may be performed using representative points, or a method of generating in a lump by a spline method or the like may be used. Further, the distortion compensation coefficient of the predistorter 1 and the distortion compensation coefficient of the memory effect predistorter 2 may be converged together using MMSE (Minimum Means Square Error) or the like.

In the control for updating the distortion compensation coefficient (or LUT) of the predistorter 1 or the memory effect predistorter 2, for example, a signal output from the amplifying unit 3 can be used as a feedback signal.
As an example, frequency conversion is performed as a feedback signal by a mixer, unnecessary waves such as carriers are removed by a band pass filter, and only distortion power is detected. Further, the oscillator is controlled in order to evaluate distortion power of different frequencies such as IMD3 + and IMD3- by a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) or the like. For example, a perturbation method is used as the algorithm, and the coefficient is updated so that the detected distortion power becomes small. This algorithm has the advantage of being simple and inexpensive. As another example, a method of demodulating a distorted signal and extracting an error from the input signal may be used, but high speed is required and the cost may be high.

In the algorithm, for example, the third-order gain of the predistorter 1 is first updated a given number of times, and then the third-order phase is performed. This process is sequentially performed as necessary, such as fifth order, seventh order,... When all the coefficients of the predistorter 1 are converged, the coefficients of the memory effect predistorter 2 are similarly processed. After that, even if all the coefficients converge, the DSP or the like continues to update and adaptively follows an environment that changes due to temperature or aging.
As described above, in the amplifier with the predistortion system distortion compensation function of this example, the coefficient of the predistorter 1 is first converged as an adaptive control method for converging the coefficient and table related to the distortion compensation control. Next, the coefficient of the memory effect predistorter 2 is converged, and thereafter, the adaptive control is performed by alternately repeating the update.

An example of the simulation result according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 7A shows the result of the simulation when the memory effect predistorter 2 is not provided using the predistorter 1 shown in FIG. 5C and the memory effect of the amplifier is not provided. An example is shown. 7A, 7B, and 7C, the horizontal axis indicates the frequency [MHz], and the vertical axis indicates the power spectrum density [dB]. In the graph, when there is no predistorter 1 (“without predistorter”), when the predistorter 1 has only a third-order circuit (“O (3)”), it has third-order and fifth-order circuits. The case ("O (3, 5)") is shown.
FIG. 7B shows a simulation result in the case where the predistorter 1 shown in FIG. 5C is used and the memory effect predistorter 2 is not provided and the memory effect of the amplifier is present. An example is shown. As can be seen from the graph, the distortion can be compensated only by about 5 dB due to the influence of the memory effect.

  FIG. 7C shows a simulation of the case where the memory effect of the amplifier is obtained using the predistorter 1 shown in FIG. 5C and the memory effect predistorter 2 shown in FIG. An example of the result is shown. For example, “O (3,5,7) E (2)” is the third order (O3), fifth order (O5) and seventh order (O7) of the predistorter 1 and the third order (O3) of the memory effect predistorter 2 ( E2) is used, and the others are the same. As can be seen from the graph, the effect of the memory effect predistorter 2 can compensate for distortion of 20 dB or more. As an example, if the predistorter 1 is up to the seventh order (O (3, 5, 7)) and the memory effect predistorter 2 is up to the fifth order (E (2, 4)), −60 dB can be achieved. preferable.

Here, in the above embodiment, the non-linear distortion component compensation means is configured by the function of the predistorter 1.
As an example, in the configuration shown in FIG. 5, even power means is configured by the function of the square detector 71 and the function of the fourth power detector 74, and even by the function of the multiplier 72 and the function of the multiplier 75. The multiplication result multiplication means is configured, the distortion compensation coefficient multiplication means is configured by the function of the multiplier 73 and the function of the multiplier 76, and the distortion compensation coefficient multiplication result addition means is configured by the function of the adder 77. Yes.
In the above embodiment, the memory effect distortion component compensation means is constituted by the function of the memory effect predistorter 2.
As an example, in the configuration shown in FIG. 2, even power means is configured by the function of the square detector 11 and the function of the fourth power detector 16, and even by the function of the delay circuit 12 and the function of the delay circuit 17. The multiplication result delay means is configured, the even multiplication result time difference detection means is configured by the function of the subtractor 13 and the function of the subtractor 18, and the input signal multiplication means is configured by the function of the multiplier 14 and the function of the multiplier 19. The distortion compensation coefficient multiplication means is configured by the function of the multiplier 15 and the function of the multiplier 20, and the distortion compensation coefficient multiplication result addition means is configured by the function of the adder 21.

  As another example, in the configurations shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, even power means is configured by the functions of the square detectors 31 and 41, and even power result delay means is configured by the functions of the delay circuits 32 and 42. The even multiplier result time difference detection means is constituted by the functions of the subtracters 33 and 43, and the even multiplier result time difference control value correspondence storage means is constituted by the functions of the look-up tables (LUT) 34 and 44. ing. In FIG. 3 described above, the input signal changing means (multiplication means) is configured by the function of the multiplier 35. In FIG. 4, the function of the voltage variable attenuator 47 and the function of the voltage variable phase shifter 48 constitute input signal changing means (input signal amplitude phase changing means).

The background of the technology related to the present invention will be described below. Note that the matters described here are not necessarily limited to the conventional technology.
For example, in a base station apparatus of a mobile communication system that employs a wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) system as a mobile communication system, it is wireless to a mobile station apparatus that is physically far away. Since it is necessary to reach the signal, it is necessary to amplify a signal such as a multicarrier with an amplifier such as a power amplifier (PA).
However, since the amplifier is an analog device, its input / output characteristics are nonlinear functions. In particular, after the amplification limit called the saturation point, the output power becomes substantially constant even if the power input to the amplifier increases. Then, nonlinear distortion is generated by this nonlinear output. In the transmission signal before amplification, the signal component outside the desired signal band is suppressed to a low level by the band limiting filter. However, in the signal after passing through the amplifier, nonlinear distortion occurs and the signal component is moved outside the desired signal band (adjacent channel). Leak.

  For example, in the base station apparatus, since the transmission power is high as described above, the magnitude of the leakage power to such an adjacent channel is strictly defined, and how to reduce such adjacent channel leakage power is determined. It has become a big problem. Therefore, there is a predistortion method as one of distortion compensation methods. In recent years, in order to place importance on amplification efficiency, it is becoming a mainstream instead of a feedforward method. The predistortion method is a method of compensating for distortion of an output signal of an amplifier by giving in advance an amplifier input signal with inverse characteristics of AM-AM conversion and AM-PM conversion which are nonlinear characteristics of the amplifier.

FIG. 8 shows an example of the functional block configuration of an amplifier using the predistortion method, and an example of its operation is shown.
The input signal is input to the power detection unit 81 to detect the power or amplitude of the input signal, and the detection result is associated as a reference argument of the distortion compensation table 82 configured with a memory or the like. The distortion compensation table 82 stores a table for performing distortion compensation by a predistortion method.
The table of the distortion compensation table 82 reflects the inverse characteristic of the nonlinear characteristic of the amplifier (amplifying unit 84) to be compensated, and generally AM-AM conversion (amplitude) using the power or amplitude of the input signal as an index. AM-PM conversion (phase) is used. The predistorter 83 controls the amplitude and phase of the input signal according to the reference result of the distortion compensation table 82. A signal previously distorted by the predistortion method is amplified by the amplifying unit 84, and the output signal becomes a signal without distortion. The control unit 85 updates the distortion compensation table 85 based on the input signal and the output signal of the amplification unit 84 in order to adapt to an environment such as a temperature change.

However, the distortion generation mechanism of the amplifier includes not only the instantaneous power AM-AM characteristic and AM-PM characteristic, but also the current state changes depending on the past state represented by the memory effect. In the conventional method, since the index for referring to the distortion compensation table is only the instantaneous power, there is a problem that nonlinear distortion generated by the memory effect cannot be compensated.
Specifically, the memory effect acts as a hysteresis on the AM-AM characteristic and the AM-PM characteristic, and the influence thereof generates an unbalanced intermodulation distortion (IMD), which is a preamp based on the instantaneous power of the conventional input signal. The performance of the distorter was limited. For this reason, the conventional predistorter cannot produce an accurate nonlinear inverse characteristic.

Here, as an example of a method for solving the influence of the memory effect, it is conceivable to have a distortion compensation table using the current instantaneous power and the instantaneous power before one unit time (for example, one sample) as reference arguments.
FIG. 9 shows an example of an image of a distortion compensation table in consideration of such a memory effect. The horizontal axis indicates the instantaneous power, and the vertical axis indicates the distortion compensation control value, showing the change for each unit time. That is, the dimension of instantaneous power one unit time before is increased in a normal distortion compensation table.
As an example, when the resolution of the instantaneous power is 10 bits, 1024 conventional tables (that is, 10 bits) are required as in the prior art. However, with such a configuration, although distortion can be compensated for, the amount of memory becomes enormous, and learning to adapt to the generation of the table and the environment is very difficult and may be impossible in practice. .
In order to avoid these problems, a method of correcting the value of the conventional lookup table (LUT) by obtaining a differential coefficient with respect to the previous time and referring to the correction table is conceivable. However, in this method, even if the differential coefficients are the same, the appropriate correction amount differs depending on the instantaneous power, so that the correction table always includes an error. For this reason, the adverse effect of reducing the amount of memory appears as deterioration of characteristics, and the distortion cannot be completely compensated.

Next, the memory effect will be described in detail.
FIG. 10 shows an example of an amplification unit model that takes into account the influence of the memory effect (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). The distortion generated in this model cannot be compensated for by the inverse characteristics of the AM-AM characteristic and AM-PM characteristic, which are predistortion principles.
Further, in this model, the entire configuration shown in FIG. 10 corresponds to the amplifying unit and is a model. Therefore, the processing units 91 to 96 are not necessarily present inside the amplifying unit as they are.
The amplifier 95 represents an amplification part having only AM-AM characteristics and AM-PM characteristics, that is, an amplification part that does not consider the memory effect, and represents an amplifier that can completely compensate for distortion by the predistortion principle.
Here, it is desirable that the power supply voltage of the power amplifier (PA) is constant. However, as described below, since the power supply voltage fluctuates, a memory effect occurs.

In general, odd-order distortion appears near the carrier as IMD (IMD3, IMD5).
On the other hand, the frequency spectrum of the non-linear even-order component has a frequency component more than twice that of the baseband and the input signal. Among these, a current having an even-order distortion component generated in the baseband flows to the drain bias circuit, and the current is converted into a voltage signal by a parasitic inductance existing in a bias circuit of the transistor (for example, FET) or an output matching circuit. .
For example, when a wideband signal is used as in the W-CDMA system or the like, the even-order distortion band increases, so that the even-order distortion voltage increases and causes a drain bias fluctuation. Due to this drain bias fluctuation, the carrier signal is modulated again, and a new distortion is generated in the vicinity of the carrier.
When an amplifier affected by intermodulation distortion is modeled, a so-called hysteresis characteristic is shown in which a plurality of output voltages and phases appear for one input due to the memory effect of the inductor.

This will be described with reference to the model shown in FIG.
A square detector (square circuit) 92 detects a second-order distortion component of the input signal of the amplifier 95 generated in the baseband, and is assumed to be a current source in this model.
The inductance 93 corresponds to a parasitic component included in the bias circuit and output matching circuit of the amplifier 95. For example, when a wide-band signal is handled as in the W-CDMA system, the band of the second-order distortion component in the baseband becomes wide and the inductance 93 becomes high impedance, so that a voltage is generated and the bias circuit Vary the voltage.
The input signal undergoes constant (fixed value) phase fluctuations by the fixed phase shifter 91 and is remodulated by voltage fluctuations of the bias circuit. Such remodulation is performed by a multiplier 94. Then, the signal resulting from the multiplication by the multiplier 94 is added as a memory effect component to the output signal from the conventional amplifier model (amplifier 95) by the adder 96.
As described above, the input signal is amplitude-modulated with the voltage signal of the inductance 93 to generate a new third-order distortion. The adder 96 combines the signals from the two parts to generate an amplifier output signal that includes the effect of the memory effect.
Here, only the second-order distortion component is considered as an explanation of the generation mechanism of the memory effect. However, since even-order distortion components such as the fourth order and the sixth order are generally generated in the baseband, the same applies. A bias component is generated. In this case, the parts corresponding to the square detector 92 are the fourth power, the sixth power, etc., respectively, and the output from the part corresponding to the multiplier 94 is the conventional amplifier model ( It is added to the output signal from the amplifier 95). Such a memory effect cannot be compensated for by a predistorter using only instantaneous power as a reference argument as in the prior art.

Here, the configurations of the amplifier with predistortion system distortion compensation function, the amplifying device, the transmitter, the base station device, etc. according to the present invention are not necessarily limited to those described above, and various configurations are used. May be. The present invention can also be provided as, for example, a method or method for executing the processing according to the present invention, a program for realizing such a method or method, or a recording medium for recording the program. It is also possible to provide various devices and systems.
The application field of the present invention is not necessarily limited to the above-described fields, and the present invention can be applied to various fields.
The present invention can be applied to various predistortion methods.
For example, as a predistortion method, a frequency band is a baseband (BB) band, an intermediate frequency (IF) band, or a radio frequency (RF) band, and processing is performed. There are digital ones and analog ones, which are classified according to these, but may be applied to any kind.

1 and 8 show an example of an amplifier with a distortion compensation function using a predistortion method, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a D / A (Digital (Digital / Digital)) (Digital / Digital) required depending on the type of method used. to Analog) converter, quadrature modulator (or quadrature modulator), upconverter,
A filter or the like may be used. Further, the presence of a feedback signal sent from the amplifying units 3 and 84 to the control units 4 and 85 in order to adapt to environmental changes in FIG. 1 and FIG. 8 is not particularly limited and may be used. It may not be used. In order to use such a feedback signal, a down converter, an oscillator, a filter, an orthogonal demodulator (or an orthogonal demodulator), an A / D (Analog to Digital) converter, or the like may be used. An input signal may be used for distortion detection.
In addition, as various processes performed in the amplifier with predistortion system distortion compensation function according to the present invention, an amplifying apparatus, a transmitter, a base station apparatus, etc., for example, a processor in a hardware resource including a processor, a memory, etc. May be controlled by executing a control program stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory), and each functional means for executing the processing is configured as an independent hardware circuit, for example. May be.
Further, the present invention can be grasped as a computer-readable recording medium such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk or a CD (Compact Disc) -ROM storing the control program, or the program (itself). The processing according to the present invention can be performed by inputting the program from the recording medium to the computer and causing the processor to execute the program.

1, 83 ... Predistorter,
2 .. Memory effect predistorter 3, 84.
4, 85 .. control part,
11, 31, 41, 71, 92 ... square detector,
12, 17, 32, 42 .. delay circuit,
13, 18, 33, 43 .. subtractor,
14, 15, 19, 20, 35, 53, 72, 73, 75, 76, 94... (Complex) multipliers,
16, 74 ·· 4th power detector, 21, 77, 96 · · Adder,
34, 44, 52, 62 .. Look-up table (LUT),
45, 46, 66, 67 .. D / A converter,
47, 63 ... Voltage variable attenuator 48, 64 ... Voltage variable phase shifter,
49a, 49b, 65 .. A / D converter,
51, 61 .. Envelope detection circuit, 81 .. Power detection unit,
82 .. Distortion compensation table 91 .. Fixed phase changer,
93..Inductance, 95..Amplifier,

Claims (2)

In an amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function that compensates for distortion generated by an amplifier that amplifies an input signal by a predistortion system,
A memory effect distortion component compensation means for compensating for a distortion component generated due to the memory effect of the amplifier using a time difference of the result of raising the input signal to an even power for a plurality of different even power orders,
A predistortion type amplifier with distortion compensation function. The amplifier with a predistortion system distortion compensation function according to claim 1,
A non-linear distortion component compensating means for compensating for a distortion component generated due to the non-linearity of the AM-AM characteristic and AM-PM characteristic of the amplifier;
The non-linear distortion component compensating means includes an even power means for raising the input signal to an even power, an even power result multiplying means for multiplying the signal of the even power result by the even power means and the input signal, and a multiplication result by the even power result multiplying means. A distortion compensation coefficient multiplication means for multiplying the signal of the distortion compensation coefficient by the distortion compensation coefficient, and a distortion compensation coefficient multiplication result addition means for adding the input signal and the signal of the multiplication result by the distortion compensation coefficient multiplication means,
A predistortion type amplifier with distortion compensation function.

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