JP2009205580A - E-mail deletion reservation system, and e-mail deletion reservation program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To materialize technology capable of automatically deleting an e-mail from a reception folder or the like at the point of time which has passed a reserved date, by setting an optional deletion reserving date at the point of time when the e-mail is received. <P>SOLUTION: This e-mail deletion reserving system 10 is equipped with a display 18, an input device 20, a mail storage part 14 to store e-mails received from a mail server, and a control part 12. The control part 12 makes a main screen 30 having a mail list display column 34 to display the list of the e-mails and a deletion reserving date input column 38, and performs processing to display them on the display 18, processing to store deletion reserving information in a deletion reservation setting information memorizing part 15 by correlating it to an e-mail 42, when deletion reserving date is input in the e-mail 42 on the main screen 30, and processing to delete the e-mail 42 from a mail memorizing means, when a deletion reserving date is periodically compared with a present date, and an e-mail the date of which has passed the set deletion reserving date exists. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a mail deletion reservation system and a mail deletion reservation program, and in particular, by setting a deletion reservation in advance for an e-mail received from a mail server, the corresponding mail is received at an arbitrary timing, such as a reception folder. Related to technology to be removed from.

  At present, e-mail has become an indispensable communication tool, but on the other hand, there is an increasing number of situations where it is troubled to process a large amount of e-mail received daily. The most important one is spam mail (spam mail), and measures can be taken on the server side and the client side respectively.

For example, in Non-Patent Document 1, by setting a deletion condition (transmission address, subject, reception address, etc.) on the mail server side, an email that matches the condition is automatically deleted from the user's mailbox. A method is described. As a result, even when the user accesses the mail server from a client terminal such as a PC, an e-mail that matches the deletion condition is not received. In Non-Patent Document 2, by setting the same deletion condition on the mail program set up on the client terminal side, it is automatically moved to the recycle bin at the moment when an email matching the condition is received. Is described.
Automatic mail deletion setting-[Simple version] Internet URL: http://www.ocn.ne.jp/mailon/menu/p-1-8a.html Search date: February 13, 2008 ■ The 60th Internet URL to automatically delete junk mails that always come: http://www.724685.com/weekly/qa030212.htm Search date: February 13, 2008

  By taking the above measures, it is possible to eliminate in advance the emails that are not desired from the beginning, and it can be expected to ease the situation where the receiving folder is filled with junk mails.

  However, although it is initially meaningful for the user, there are also e-mails that get in the way after a certain period of time. For example, emails may be exchanged many times with a business partner to adjust the schedule, and it is necessary to put each email in the receiving folder so that it can be confirmed immediately until the end of the meeting. There is no need to place it in the receiving folder after the meeting is over, but rather it should be deleted promptly to avoid confusion with other important matters.

  If you are a meticulous user, you can regularly review your receiving folder and delete emails that you no longer need, but most users don't want to spend time on already closed matters. After all, there are many patterns where unnecessary e-mails accumulate in the receiving folder. Of course, it is possible to delete unnecessary emails in the receiving folder all at once using the batch deletion function of the email program, but there is a risk that important emails will be involved if the deletion condition is set incorrectly. Generally not used.

  The present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problems related to e-mail, and the user sets an arbitrary deletion reservation date and time when the e-mail is received. It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique that can automatically delete a target electronic mail from a reception folder or the like at that time.

  In order to achieve the above object, a mail deletion reservation system according to claim 1 is stored in a display, input means, mail storage means for storing an e-mail received from a mail server, and the mail storage means. A screen including a mail list display field for displaying a list of e-mails and a deletion reservation date / time input field is generated and displayed on the display, and a specific deletion reservation date / time is input for a specific e-mail on the screen. In this case, the deletion reservation setting means for associating the deletion reservation date and time with the e-mail, and periodically comparing the deletion reservation date and time of each e-mail with the current deletion date and time. And e-mail deletion means for deleting the e-mail from the e-mail storage means when the e-mail exists. There. As the above-mentioned “mail storage means for storing electronic mail received from the server”, for example, “reception folder” corresponds.

  The email deletion reservation system according to claim 2 is the system according to claim 1, wherein the deletion reservation date / time input field of the screen is a calendar (monthly calendar, weekly calendar, etc.) in which a plurality of dates are set. When the deletion reservation setting means drags and drops a specific e-mail displayed in the mail list display field by the input means to a specific date on the calendar, the specific time on that date is set as the deletion reservation date and time. It is characterized by being associated with the above e-mail. The “specific time” is set in advance, for example, “0:00 am”. Alternatively, a user interface that allows the user to select an arbitrary time when selecting a date may be prepared on the screen (the same applies hereinafter).

  The mail deletion reservation system according to claim 3 is the system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the deletion reservation date and time input column of the screen is a list menu in which a plurality of dates are set, and the deletion reservation setting means However, when a specific date on the list menu is selected in a state where a specific e-mail displayed in the mail list display column is selected by the input means, a specific time on the date is deleted. It is characterized by associating with the above e-mail. The “list menu” corresponds to, for example, a pull-down menu that is expanded by right-clicking on the screen of the PC, or a submenu list that is displayed by pressing a submenu button of the mobile phone.

  A mail deletion reservation system according to claim 4 is the system according to claims 1 to 3, and means for adding a display indicating that deletion reservation has been set to the e-mail displayed in the mail list display field of the screen. It is characterized by having.

  The email deletion reservation system according to claim 5 is the system according to claim 4, wherein the deletion reservation is changed in a state in which an email with a deletion reservation set display is selected in the mail list display field of the above screen. When the requested input is made, a screen having a deletion reservation date / time input field is generated and displayed on the display, and the date / time selected in the deletion reservation date / time input field is associated with the e-mail as the deletion reservation date / time. And a deletion reservation date and time updating means.

  A mail deletion reservation system according to claim 6 is the system according to claims 1 to 5, further comprising means for generating a deletion confirmation screen specifying an e-mail that has passed the deletion reservation date and displaying it on the display. The e-mail deleting unit deletes the e-mail from the e-mail storage unit only when a deletion confirmation is input.

  A mail deletion reservation system according to a seventh aspect is the system according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, further comprising a mail moving means for copying the electronic mail deleted from the mail storage means to another storage means. It is characterized by that. The “other storage means” corresponds to, for example, a trash folder for e-mail.

  The email deletion reservation system according to claim 8 is the system according to claims 1 to 7, and further includes a related email including a subject having a relevance to a subject of an e-mail whose deletion reservation date has passed. A means for extracting from the mail storage means, a deletion confirmation screen including a list display field and a selection input field for related mails, a means for displaying on the display, and a related mail for which selection input has been made from the mail storage means And a means for deleting. Here, the “relevant subject” means the rest of the subject, excluding fixed characters such as “Re:” in the case of reply and “Fw:” in the case of forwarding, in addition to the case where the subject is exactly the same. Means that the character strings match.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mail deletion reservation program comprising: a computer having a display, input means, and mail storage means for storing an e-mail received from a mail server; A screen having a mail list display field for displaying a list and a deletion reservation date / time input field is generated and displayed on the display; when a specific deletion reservation date / time is selected and input for a specific email on the screen , Means for associating the e-mail with the deletion reservation date and time, periodically comparing the deletion reservation date and time of each e-mail and the current date and time, and if there is an e-mail that has passed the set deletion reservation date and time, The electronic mail is made to function as means for deleting from the mail storage means.

  According to the mail deletion reservation system described in claim 1 and the mail deletion reservation program described in claim 9, an arbitrary date / time is set in advance as a deletion reservation date / time for the received e-mails listed in the mail list display column. Since it can be set, it is possible to save the trouble of deleting again later and to effectively prevent forgetting to erase.

  In the email deletion reservation system according to claim 2, the deletion reservation date and time can be set simply by dragging and dropping a specific e-mail on an arbitrary date on the calendar. be able to.

  In the mail deletion reservation system according to claim 3, the setting of the deletion reservation date and time is completed simply by selecting an arbitrary date on a pull-down menu that is expanded by right-clicking or the like while a specific electronic mail is selected. Therefore, it is possible to make a deletion reservation very easily.

  In the email deletion reservation system according to claim 4, since the deletion reservation set display is displayed in the mail list display field, the user can easily delete the deletion reserved email and the deletion reserved email. It becomes possible to distinguish, and it is possible to prevent mistakes in the deletion reservation.

  According to the mail deletion reservation system described in claim 5, the deletion reservation date and time once set can be freely changed later, and the convenience for the user is improved.

  The email deletion reservation system according to claim 6 has a mechanism for deleting only when the confirmation of the user is obtained, instead of immediately deleting the email whose deletion reservation date and time has arrived. It is possible to prevent important emails from being deleted by mistake.

  The email deletion reservation system according to claim 7 has a mechanism in which an email whose deletion reservation date and time has arrived is copied to another storage means, so that an important email is deleted by mistake. Even so, the electronic mail can be revived.

  According to the mail deletion reservation system described in claim 8, if a deletion reservation date and time is set for one e-mail, other e-mails related to the e-mail are collected when the deletion reservation date and time arrives. Can be deleted.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a mail deletion reservation system 10 according to the present invention. A control unit 12, a mail storage unit 14, a deletion reservation information storage unit 15, a clock circuit 16, a display 18 and the like. In addition, an input device 20 such as a mouse and a keyboard and a communication control device 22 are provided.

  The control unit 12 corresponds to a CPU of a PC, for example, and executes various processes described later by operating according to the OS set up on the hard disk and a dedicated e-mail program. The mail storage unit 14 and the deletion reservation information storage unit 15 are provided in the hard disk of the PC. The mail storage unit 14 is provided with a plurality of folders (reception folder, transmission folder, trash folder, etc.) having a hierarchical structure. Further, deletion reservation information is registered in the deletion reservation information storage unit 15 (details will be described later). The clock circuit 16 outputs current date / time information to the control unit 12. The communication control device 22 corresponds to a broadband modem having a function of connecting to a communication network such as the Internet via a broadband line such as ADSL or FTTH.

  Hereinafter, the procedure for setting the deletion reservation in the system 10 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, when the user starts an e-mail program on the PC (S10), as shown in FIG. 3, a main screen 30 of the e-mail program is displayed on the display 18 (S12). The main screen 30 includes a mail folder display field 32, a mail list display field 34, an e-mail text display field 36, and a deletion reservation date / time input field 38. In the mail folder display field 32, folders provided in the mail storage unit 14 are displayed in a hierarchy.

  When the user clicks the “Receive” button 40 to request reception of an e-mail (S14), the control unit 12 connects to a pre-set mail server via the communication control device 22 (S16). Then, the unreceived e-mail accumulated in the user's mailbox is received and stored in the reception folder of the mail storage unit 14 (S18). Next, the control unit 12 extracts the subject, sender, and transmission date / time of the received electronic mail from the header, and adds newly arrived electronic mail information to the mail list display field 34 (S20).

  On the other hand, the user selects the electronic mail 42 to be read by paying attention to the subject and the sender item, and reads the text displayed in the text display field 36. If it is determined from the contents of the e-mail 42 that “deletion reservation” should be set, a deletion reservation setting request is made. For example, if the content of the e-mail 42 is the content indicating that the date of the meeting has been confirmed as “February 13 (Wednesday) 15: 00-”, the e-mail becomes unnecessary after 14 February. Therefore, the user selects the e-mail 42 by the mouse operation in the mail list display field 34, and then drags it to February 14 of the monthly calendar 38a displayed in the deletion reservation date / time input field 38 as it is. Drop it.

  As a result, a deletion reservation request having a deletion reservation date and time of midnight on February 14, 2008 is input to the control unit 12. By default, midnight is set as the deletion reservation time, but the user can select another time (for example, 12:00) by clicking the time selection button 38b. Alternatively, by inputting a number such as “14:30” in the user designation field 38c and clicking the “set” button 38d, the user can designate any time as the deletion time. A user who wants to select a date earlier than February may click the next month button 38e as many times as necessary to display a monthly calendar from March onwards. The user can return to the previous month by clicking the previous month button 38f.

  Upon receiving the deletion reservation setting request input by the user (S22), the control unit 12 registers the deletion reservation information in the deletion reservation information storage unit 15 in association with the electronic mail selected by the user (S24). FIG. 4 shows an example of this deletion reservation information, which includes data items of transmission date / time, subject, sender, deletion reservation date / time, complete deletion, and movement destination. Among these, “Send date / time, subject, sender” functions as a key item for specifying an email subject to deletion reservation, and the deletion reservation date / time information selected by the user is recorded in the “Delete reservation date / time” item. The Items of “complete deletion” and “movement destination” will be described later.

  Next, the control unit 12 adds a display 44 that has been reserved for deletion to the deletion reservation item of the electronic mail 42 in the mail list display field 34 (S26). In FIG. 3, the deletion reservation date is displayed as “02/14”, but an icon indicating that the deletion has been reserved may be displayed.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the user who wishes to change the deletion reservation date and time once set the mouse pointer on the deletion-reserved e-mail 42 and right-clicks, and starts from the first hierarchy 46 of the expanded pull-down menu. “Change deletion reservation” 46a is selected. As a result, the controller 12 generates a deletion reservation change screen 48 for the e-mail and displays it on the display 18.

  In response to this, the user selects another date on the monthly calendar 50 displayed on the deletion reservation change screen 48, or selects and inputs another time in the time zone selection field 52 or the time input field 54, "Button 56 is clicked. Receiving this, the control unit 12 updates the deletion reservation information of the electronic mail stored in the deletion reservation information storage unit 15 with the corrected deletion reservation date and time.

  In the delete reservation change screen 48 described above, when the user checks the check box 58 of the “cancel delete reservation” item and clicks the “register” button 56, the control unit 12 that has received the request for canceling the delete reservation is displayed. Deletes the deletion reservation information of the e-mail registered in the deletion reservation information storage unit 15.

  Next, according to the flowchart of FIG. 6, the deletion process of the electronic mail for which the deletion reservation is set will be described. First, when an e-mail program is started by a user operation (S30), the control unit 12 compares the deletion reservation date and time of each e-mail stored in the deletion reservation information storage unit 15 with the current date and time (S32), and deletes the reservation. Search for e-mails that have passed the date and time.

  When an e-mail whose deletion reservation date and time has passed is found (S34), the control unit 12 searches the reception folder of the mail storage unit 14 using the subject of the e-mail as a key, and the subject is relevant. E-mail is extracted (S36). For example, if the subject of the deletion reservation email is “Re: Schedule”, not only emails with the exact same subject, but also “Meeting” without “Re:” indicating a reply, or “ Emails with the subject line “Fw: Schedule” with “Fw:” are also extracted as related emails.

  Next, the control unit 12 generates a deletion confirmation screen for the deletion reservation mail and its related mail and displays it on the display (S38). FIG. 7 shows an example of the deletion confirmation screen 60, in which five e-mails having “Meeting Schedule” or “Re: Meeting Schedule” in the subject are displayed in a list. On the other hand, the user pays attention to the character string “KYOKO ITO” described in the item of sender, and checks the selection box 62 of the email that is truly related to the deletion reservation email. Next, the user clicks the “select deletion” button 64 and inputs deletion confirmation for each checked e-mail.

  Receiving this, the control unit 12 deletes the three e-mails confirmed by the user from the reception folder of the mail storage unit 14, and pastes each copy into the trash box folder (S40). As a result, although not shown, the three e-mails confirmed by the user to be deleted are deleted from the mail list display field 34 on the main screen 30 of the e-mail program. However, even if you say “delete”, the email is actually moved from the receiving folder to the recycle bin folder, so even if the user accidentally confirms the deletion, the email can be restored. it can.

  As described above, when deleting the deletion reservation email, other emails related to the email are extracted by the control unit 12, so the user only sets the deletion reservation to the last email, Other related emails up to that point can also be deleted all at once.

  Note that when determining whether or not there is a relevance between e-mails based only on the subject, other unrelated e-mails may be extracted as related e-mails. However, the user confirms the deletion confirmation screen 60 as described above. Since the deletion target can be selected via the, it is possible to prevent important emails from being deleted by mistake.

  Of course, the user can also stop the “related mail automatic extraction process” by setting options in the e-mail program in advance. In this case, the control unit 12 that has found the e-mail whose deletion reservation date has passed in S34 of FIG. 6 skips S36 and causes the display 18 to display a deletion confirmation screen 60 on which only the deletion reservation mail is described. When the user confirms the deletion, only the deletion reservation mail is deleted from the reception folder of the mail storage unit 14 and pasted in the trash folder. Alternatively, skip the confirmation step via the delete confirmation screen 60 and set an option to automatically move the e-mail that has passed the scheduled deletion date to the Trash folder when the control unit 12 finds it. It can also be left.

  While the e-mail program is running, the control unit 12 periodically checks the deletion reservation information of each e-mail (for example, every 30 minutes) and finds an e-mail whose deletion reservation date has passed. Repeats the processing of S36 to S40 (S44, S46).

In the case of setting the deletion reservation date and time, in the above, the method of dragging and dropping the e-mail displayed in the mail list display field 34 to the deletion reservation date and time input field 38 is shown, but the user sets the deletion reservation date and time by right-clicking. You can also FIG. 8 shows an example. First, the user places the mouse pointer on the e-mail 42 displayed in the mail list display field 34 and right-clicks to open the first hierarchy 46 of the pull-down menu. Next, the user moves the mouse pointer to the “deletion reservation setting” 46b, and opens the second hierarchy 66 of the pull-down menu.

  In the second hierarchy 66 of this pull-down menu, “delete tomorrow (02/13)”, “delete next week (02/19)”, “delete 10 days later (02/22)”, “next month (03/12) ) Delete ”date candidates are prepared, so that when the rough date and time setting is sufficient, the user can set the deletion reservation date and time more easily. For example, when the user selects “Delete next month (03/12)”, the control unit 12 associates the deletion date and time of “08/03/12 00:00” with the deletion reservation information storage unit in association with the e-mail 42. Register with 15. Next, the control unit 12 adds “03/12”, which is a deletion reserved display, to the deletion reservation item of the electronic mail in the mail list display field 34.

  Alternatively, the user can individually select an arbitrary date by displaying the monthly calendar 68 by moving the mouse pointer to “Specify by calendar” 66a in the second hierarchy 66 of the pull-down menu.

  In the above description, an example has been described in which an e-mail whose deletion reservation date / time has arrived is moved from the reception folder to the trash folder, but the user can also designate another storage area as the destination of the e-mail. That is, when the user clicks the “▼” button 70 in the “change destination column” on the deletion reservation change screen 48 shown in FIG. 5, the folder structure set in the e-mail program is displayed in a pull-down manner. It is permitted to designate (for example, “used folder” provided under the receiving folder) as the destination. In this case, the control unit 12 describes “used folder” in the “move destination” item of the deletion reservation information. When the scheduled deletion date and time arrives, the control unit 12 deletes the e-mail from the reception folder and pastes it into the used folder.

  As described above, instead of moving the e-mail from the receiving folder to the recycle bin folder or other folders when the scheduled deletion date and time arrives, it can be set to be deleted completely from the hard disk of the PC. That is, when the user checks the “complete deletion” check box 72 on the deletion reservation change screen 48 in FIG. 5, the control unit 12 indicates “complete deletion” in the “complete deletion” item of the deletion reservation information. The flag “1” is set (by default, the flag “0” indicating non-deletion designation is set). When the scheduled deletion date and time arrives, the control unit 12 completely deletes the electronic mail from the mail storage unit 14.

  In the above, the example in which the deletion reservation information is set for the e-mail stored in the reception folder has been described. However, other folders (for example, “work folder” and “personal folder” under the “reception folder”) are described. It goes without saying that the deletion reservation information can be similarly set for the electronic mail stored in.

  In the above, an example in which the system 10 is realized by an e-mail program on a PC has been described. For example, when a specific e-mail is selected in the received mail list of the mobile phone, the user presses the submenu button and selects a specific date candidate from the submenu list displayed on the display, so that the user can set the deletion reservation date and time. It becomes possible to set simply. Alternatively, the user can input a detailed date and time through a date and time input screen displayed by selecting an “input date and time” item in the submenu list.

It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the mail deletion reservation system which concerns on this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of the deletion reservation setting in this system. It is a figure which shows the main screen of the electronic mail program which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of deletion reservation information. It is a figure which shows the point of the deletion reservation change of an email. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of deletion of the email to which the deletion reservation was set. It is a figure which shows a deletion confirmation screen. It is a figure which shows a mode that the deletion reservation date of an email is set by right-clicking.

Explanation of symbols

10 Email deletion reservation system
12 Control unit
14 Mail storage
15 Delete reservation information storage
16 Clock circuit
18 display
20 Input device
22 Communication control device
30 Main screen
32 Mail folder display field
34 Mail list display field
36 Text display column
38 Delete reservation date / time input field
38a calendar
38b Time selection button
38c User specified field
38d Settings button
38e Next month button
38f Previous month button
40 Receive button
42 email
44 Deletion reserved display
46 First level of pull-down menu
48 Delete reservation change screen
50 month calendar
52 Time zone selection field
54 Time input field
56 Register button
58 Check box for "Release reservation" item
60 Deletion confirmation screen
62 selection box
64 “Delete selected” button
66 Second level of pull-down menu
68 Monthly Calendar
70 `` ▼ '' button in `` Change destination field ''
72 Complete Delete checkbox

Claims (9)

Display,
Input means;
Mail storage means for storing e-mail received from the mail server;
Means for generating a screen including a mail list display field for displaying a list of e-mails stored in the mail storage means and a deletion reservation date / time input field, and displaying the screen on the display;
A deletion reservation setting means for associating the deletion reservation date and time with a specific email when a specific deletion reservation date and time is input for the specific email on the screen;
E-mail deletion that deletes the e-mail from the e-mail storage means when there is an e-mail that has passed the set deletion reservation date and time by periodically comparing the e-mail deletion reservation date and current date and time Means,
An email deletion reservation system characterized by comprising: In the above screen, the delete reservation date / time input field is a calendar with multiple dates set,
When the specific e-mail displayed in the mail list display field by the input unit is dragged and dropped to a specific date on the calendar, the deletion reservation setting unit sets a specific time on the date as a deletion reservation date and time. The mail deletion reservation system according to claim 1, wherein the mail deletion reservation system is associated with the electronic mail. The delete reservation date / time input field on the above screen is a list menu with multiple dates set,
The deletion reservation setting means, when a specific date on the list menu is selected in a state where a specific e-mail displayed in the mail list display column is selected by the input means, The mail deletion reservation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein time is associated with the electronic mail as a deletion reservation date and time.   The mail deletion reservation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising means for adding a display indicating that a deletion reservation has been set to an e-mail displayed in the mail list display field of the screen. . When an input requesting to change the deletion reservation is made with an email with the deletion reservation set display selected in the mail list display field of the above screen, a screen with a deletion reservation date and time input field is generated, Means for displaying on the display;
A deletion reservation date and time update means for associating the date and time selected in the deletion reservation date and time column with the e-mail as a deletion reservation date and time,
The mail deletion reservation system according to claim 4, further comprising: A means for generating a deletion confirmation screen that identifies an e-mail that has passed the deletion reservation date and time and displaying it on the display;
6. The mail deletion reservation system according to claim 1, wherein the mail deletion unit deletes the electronic mail from the mail storage unit only when deletion confirmation is input.   The mail deletion reservation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising mail moving means for copying the electronic mail deleted from the mail storage means to another storage means. Means for extracting from the mail storage means a related mail with a subject having a relevance to the subject of the e-mail that has passed the deletion reservation date and time;
A means for generating a deletion confirmation screen having a list display field and a selection input field for related emails, and displaying it on the display;
A means for deleting the related mail that has been selected and input from the mail storage means;
The mail deletion reservation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: A computer comprising a display, input means, and mail storage means for storing e-mail received from a mail server,
Means for generating a screen including a mail list display field for displaying a list of e-mails stored in the mail storage means and a deletion reservation date / time input field, and displaying the screen on the display;
Means for associating the deletion reservation date and time with a specific e-mail when a specific deletion reservation date and time is selected and input on the screen;
Means for periodically deleting the deletion reservation date and time of each e-mail and deleting the e-mail from the mail storage means when there is an e-mail that has passed the set deletion reservation date and time;
An email deletion reservation program characterized by functioning as

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