JP2009203860A - Prime mover system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a primer mover system capable of driving a turbine by preventing energy loss of working fluid without having an effect on the ozone layer or dependence on working fluid with high reactivity, having no problems of radioactive waste, and facilitating treatment of carbon dioxide exhausted following combustion of fuel. <P>SOLUTION: The prime mover system 1A includes a combustion part 20 for burning fuel, a supercriticality forming part 21 for converting the working fluid into a supercritical state by combustion heat of the fuel, a fluid circulation part 30 for circulating the working fluid between the supercriticality forming part and the turbine part by connecting the supercriticality forming part and a turbine part 10, introducing the working fluid into the turbine part, and returning the working fluid to the supercriticality forming part, a condenser 91 cooling the working fluid, a liquid oxygen supplying part 50 for supplying oxygen for combustion to the combustion part, and a heat exchange separation part 60 for cooling exhaust gas discharged from the combustion part by using the cold of the oxygen supplied from the liquid oxygen supplying part to the combustion part, and separating carbon dioxide and water in the exhaust gas. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a prime mover system, and more particularly to a prime mover system that drives a turbine using a supercritical fluid.

  In general, a turbine in a thermal power plant or the like is driven by steam that has been heated and heated at a high temperature by a boiler. This water vapor is a working fluid in a supercritical state. After the turbine is driven, the steam is converted into water through a condenser or the like and then heated again by the boiler. In this route, since the working fluid passes through the condenser, energy loss occurs along the way, including changes in the state of water and water vapor. Thus, the use of working fluids other than water has been proposed.

  For example, it is a turbine plant of a low boiling point medium using CFCs such as R12 (CFC12) as a working fluid and circulating this while heating and condensing (see Patent Document 1). Or carbon dioxide etc. can also be used as a working fluid (refer patent document 2). Patent Document 2 is a direct cycle reactor in which carbon dioxide is used as a coolant for a nuclear reactor and a turbine is driven by carbon dioxide that has become a supercritical state by the heat of fission.

  The chlorofluorocarbons of Patent Document 1 are gases that have an extremely large influence on the ozone layer. When CFCs are circulated as working fluid, it is difficult to completely eliminate leakage of CFCs to the outside. At present, it is desired to suppress the use of chlorofluorocarbons from the viewpoint of environmental problems. Patent Document 2 is excellent in that almost no carbon dioxide is emitted during operation. However, if problems such as the treatment of radioactive waste, nuclear fuel, and installation location are comprehensively considered, it is not always possible to enjoy advantages in construction, handling, operating costs, and the like.

  On the other hand, many gasification combined power generation systems that use coal or the like as fuel in thermal power generation to suppress the cost of raw materials and improve energy efficiency have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3). According to Patent Document 3, since coal or the like is gasified fuel using oxygen separated by an air separation device, the combustion efficiency is higher than that of coal or the like. Further, nitrogen produced from the air separation device together with the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the gasified fuel is supplied to the combustion portion of the gasified fuel. Since nitrogen is also added to the combustion gas as a working fluid, the output of the turbine increases.

In the power generation system of Patent Document 3, air compressed by a compressor is supplied when gasified fuel is combusted. In general, an air compressor (compressor) is necessary in a gas turbine. This reduces the amount of energy required compared to combustion with pure oxygen. Further, since it is difficult to separate carbon dioxide generated by combustion, it is discharged into the atmosphere as it is.
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 61-57446 Japanese Patent No. 3407037 JP 2000-240466 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and can control the energy loss of the working fluid and drive the turbine without depending on the influence on the ozone layer and the highly reactive working fluid. Provided is a prime mover system that can easily handle carbon dioxide emitted from combustion of fuel without waste problems.

  That is, the invention of claim 1 is a prime mover system that obtains rotational driving force by introducing a working fluid in a supercritical state into a turbine section, wherein the working fluid is burned by the combustion heat of the fuel and the combustion heat of the fuel. A supercritical forming part to be in a supercritical state, the supercritical forming part and the turbine part are connected, the working fluid is introduced into the turbine part, and the working fluid is returned to the supercritical forming part again. A fluid circulation section for circulating the working fluid between the forming section and the turbine section; a condenser for cooling the working fluid; a liquid oxygen supply section for supplying combustion oxygen to the combustion section; and the liquid A heat exchange separation unit that cools exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit using cold oxygen supplied from the oxygen supply unit to the combustion unit and separates water and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas. That features According to the prime mover system.

  The invention according to claim 2 relates to the prime mover system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid oxygen supply unit includes a cryogenic air separation device, and oxygen separated by the cryogenic air separation device is supplied to the combustion unit. .

  The invention according to claim 3 relates to the prime mover system according to claim 2, wherein the liquid nitrogen separated by the cryogenic air separation device is introduced into the condenser.

  The invention according to claim 4 relates to the prime mover system according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is any one of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and a rare gas.

  The invention according to claim 5 relates to the prime mover system according to claim 1, wherein a sub-turbine section driven by using the working fluid introduced into the turbine section is provided in the fluid circulation section.

  The invention according to claim 6 relates to the prime mover system according to claim 1, wherein a generator is connected to the turbine section.

  The invention of claim 7 is a prime mover system that obtains a rotational driving force by introducing a working fluid in a supercritical state into a turbine portion, a combustion portion that burns fuel, oxygen supplied to the combustion portion, and the working fluid A cryogenic air separator that produces nitrogen to become, a supercritical forming part that brings the nitrogen that becomes the working fluid into a supercritical state by the combustion heat of fuel, and the supercritical forming part and the turbine part connected to each other, and The exhaust gas discharged from the combustion section is cooled using a fluid supply section that supplies nitrogen as a working fluid to the turbine section, and the cold energy of either or both of oxygen and nitrogen separated by the deep air separator. In addition, the present invention relates to a prime mover system comprising a heat exchange separation unit that separates carbon dioxide and water in the exhaust gas.

  The invention according to claim 8 relates to the prime mover system according to claim 7, wherein a sub-turbine section driven by using the working fluid introduced into the turbine section is provided on the downstream side of the turbine section.

  The invention according to claim 9 relates to the prime mover system according to claim 7, wherein a generator is connected to the turbine section.

  According to the prime mover system according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a prime mover system that obtains rotational driving force by introducing a supercritical working fluid into a turbine portion, wherein the combustion portion combusts fuel and the combustion heat of the fuel A supercritical forming section for bringing the working fluid into a supercritical state; connecting the supercritical forming section and the turbine section to introduce the working fluid into the turbine section; and returning the working fluid to the supercritical forming section again. A fluid circulation section for circulating the working fluid between the critical formation section and the turbine section, a condenser for cooling the working fluid, and a liquid oxygen supply section for supplying combustion oxygen to the combustion section. A heat exchange separation unit that cools the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit using cold oxygen supplied from the liquid oxygen supply unit to the combustion unit and separates water and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas; The Because there was example, to suppress the energy loss of the working fluid can drive the turbine unit, without problems of radioactive waste, the process of carbon dioxide emitted due to combustion of the fuel is facilitated. Also, since pure oxygen is supplied for fuel combustion from the beginning, an air compressor or the like is not necessary. Therefore, the equipment of the prime mover system can be simplified.

  According to the prime mover system of the invention of claim 2, in the invention of claim 1, the liquid oxygen supply unit includes a chilled air separation device, and oxygen separated by the chilled air separation device is supplied to the combustion unit. Therefore, oxygen necessary for the combustion of the fuel can be constantly supplied to the combustion unit.

  According to the prime mover system of the invention of claim 3, in the invention of claim 2, since the liquid nitrogen separated by the cryogenic air separation device is introduced into the condenser, it is separated from the cryogenic air separation device. The liquid nitrogen can be effectively used to simplify the cooling of the working fluid.

  According to the prime mover system according to the invention of claim 4, in the invention of claim 1, since the working fluid is any one of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a rare gas, there is a concern that the working fluid may affect the ozone layer. There is no need to use chlorofluorocarbons or highly reactive working fluid.

  According to the prime mover system according to the invention of claim 5, in the invention of claim 1, the sub-turbine part driven using the working fluid introduced into the turbine part is provided in the fluid circulation part. The number of turbine sections that can be installed in a single fluid circulation section can be increased. Therefore, the combustion heat in the combustion section can be utilized effectively, and the drive energy that can be acquired from one prime mover system increases.

  According to the prime mover system according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, since the generator is connected to the turbine section, a thermal power plant with high energy utilization efficiency can be obtained.

  According to the prime mover system of the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a prime mover system for obtaining a rotational driving force by introducing a supercritical working fluid into the turbine portion, the combustion portion for burning fuel, and supplying the combustion portion to the combustion portion. A cryogenic air separation device that produces oxygen and nitrogen as the working fluid, a supercritical formation section that brings the working fluid nitrogen into a supercritical state by the combustion heat of fuel, the supercritical formation section, and the turbine section And a fluid supply unit for supplying nitrogen of the working fluid to the turbine unit, and one or both of the oxygen and nitrogen separated by the deep air separation device are discharged from the combustion unit. The exhaust gas is cooled and the heat exchange separation part that separates the carbon dioxide and water in the exhaust gas is provided, so that the working fluid does not depend on the influence of the ozone layer or the highly reactive working fluid. By suppressing the energy loss can drive the turbine unit, without problems of radioactive waste, the process of carbon dioxide emitted due to combustion of the fuel is facilitated. Also, since pure oxygen is supplied for fuel combustion from the beginning, an air compressor or the like is not necessary. Therefore, the equipment of the prime mover system can be simplified.

  Furthermore, nitrogen separated from the cryogenic air separation device can be effectively utilized as the working fluid, and the working fluid can be exhausted without any problem after the turbine section is driven.

  According to the prime mover system of the eighth aspect of the present invention, in the seventh aspect of the present invention, the auxiliary turbine section that is driven by using the working fluid introduced into the turbine section is provided on the downstream side of the turbine section. Therefore, the number of turbine units that can be installed in a single fluid supply unit can be increased. Therefore, the combustion heat in the combustion section can be utilized effectively, and the drive energy that can be acquired from one prime mover system increases.

  According to the prime mover system of the ninth aspect of the invention, in the seventh aspect of the invention, since the generator is connected to the turbine section, a thermal power plant with high energy utilization efficiency can be obtained.

The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 is a schematic diagram showing a prime mover system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a prime mover system according to a second embodiment, FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a prime mover system according to a third embodiment, and FIG. These are the schematic diagrams which show the motor | power_engine system of 4th Embodiment.

  The prime mover system of the present invention is a system using a Rankine cycle in which a working fluid having a temperature and pressure in a supercritical state is introduced into the turbine section to obtain a rotational driving force from the turbine section. At the same time, the system is capable of separating carbon dioxide and the like from the exhaust gas discharged with the combustion of fuel when the working fluid is brought into a supercritical state.

  The working fluid used in the prime mover system of the present invention must have the following characteristics. First, it must be a fluid that has low corrosiveness to the turbine, various pipes, etc., and has little influence on the environment including the human body even if leaked from the pipes. Secondly, the fluid needs to be capable of easily shifting to the supercritical state by the combustion heat in the combustion section described later. In particular, since the reactivity of the substance increases when the state transitions to a supercritical state, the influence on each member is enormous. In consideration of these points, it is preferable to select the working fluid from carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a rare gas.

Next, examples of the fuel that can be used in the prime mover system of the present invention include hydrocarbon gas such as methane, ethane, propane, and butane, natural gas mainly containing hydrocarbon gas (such as LNG), methanol, ethanol, and the like. Alcohols, ethers such as dimethyl ether and diethyl ether. In addition, fats and oils such as edible oil, gasoline, light oil, heavy oil, coal, or fuel gas (CO, H ₂ or the like) obtained by processing coal or heavy oil by a known method can be used. In addition, combustible waste, waste wood, seaweed, thinned wood, sugarcane residue, other biomass-derived gases and alcohols, and methane hydrate-derived gas deposited on the seabed may also be included. it can.

  Of the listed fuels, hydrocarbon gas produces less soot and the like produced during combustion, and exhaust gas becomes almost water and carbon dioxide due to complete combustion of the fuel. For this reason, the burden required for the separation process of water and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas described later is small. The first to fourth embodiments disclosed here are examples mainly using LNG as fuel. Of course, it is also possible to apply the various fuels described above.

  Hereinafter, the prime mover system of the present invention will be illustrated and described according to each embodiment. In each of the drawings, a supplementary arrow indicates a course of a fluid such as working fluid, exhaust gas, oxygen, and nitrogen. The contents of the present invention are not necessarily limited to the structures of the illustrated and described embodiments.

  The schematic diagram of FIG. 1 shows a prime mover system 1A of the first embodiment. As defined in the invention of claim 1, the prime mover system 1 </ b> A includes a combustion unit 20 that burns fuel, a supercritical formation unit 21 provided therein, and the supercritical formation unit and the turbine unit 10. In addition, a fluid circulation unit 30 that circulates the working fluid is provided, and further, a condenser, a liquid oxygen supply unit 50, and a heat exchange separation unit 60 that are provided in the fluid circulation unit are provided.

  The fuel stored in the fuel storage unit 70 is supplied through the fuel pipe 71 to the combustion unit 20 that burns the fuel. The fuel of this embodiment is LNG, and the fuel storage unit 70 is a fuel tank. The fuel burns with oxygen supplied from a liquid oxygen supply unit 50 described later.

  The structure and shape of the combustion unit 20 are appropriately designed in consideration of combustion efficiency. In order to increase the combustion efficiency of fuel, a swirler or the like (not shown) is disposed at the end of the fuel pipe 71 on the combustion section side. The fuel is oxidized, and the fuel is discharged from the combustion unit 20 as an exhaust gas composed of water and carbon dioxide. In the combustion of the fuel in the combustion unit 20, the oxidation of the hydrocarbon as the fuel and the oxidation of the generated carbon monoxide also proceed. The symbol Lf in the figure is a luminous flame.

  A supercritical forming part 21 is provided inside the combustion part 20. The working fluid is pressurized to a critical pressure or higher in a liquid state and passes through the supercritical forming portion 21 to receive the heat of combustion of the fuel and to be heated and heated to a critical temperature or higher. Therefore, the working fluid is in a supercritical state. The supercritical forming part 21 is a heat exchanger having durability corresponding to the flow of the supercritical working fluid and the combustion heat.

  In the prime mover system 1 </ b> A of the first embodiment, the working fluid that has reached the supercritical state by passing through the supercritical forming unit 21 is introduced into the turbine unit 10 through the fluid circulation unit 30. Then, the working fluid that has fallen to a temperature and pressure below the supercritical state is discharged from the turbine unit 10 and returned to the supercritical forming unit 21 again. Thus, the working fluid circulates between the supercritical forming part 21 and the turbine part 10. In the figure, reference numeral 31 is a turbine section upstream pipe, and 32 is a turbine section downstream pipe. Of course, the fluid circulation section 30 (the turbine section upper flow pipe 31 and the turbine section downstream pipe 32) has a pressure resistance design. The turbine section into which the working fluid in the supercritical state flows may be a super high pressure turbine or a structure in which a super high pressure and a high pressure turbine described later are combined.

  The working fluid of the prime mover system 1A may be selected from carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a rare gas for reasons of the above-described stability and non-toxicity, and as defined in the invention of claim 4. preferable. In addition, considering the load for rotating the turbine section (turbine shaft (not shown)), it is desirable that the molecular weight is equal to or larger than that of water or the like. Therefore, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, etc. are preferable to hydrogen and helium. Argon is used for the rare gas as the working fluid because it can be easily procured quantitatively.

The pressure and temperature at the critical point of the working fluid are as follows: CO ₂ : {7.39 Mpa, 304 K (31 ° C.)}, N ₂ : {3.4 MPa, 126 K (−147 ° C.)}, Ar: {4.86 MPa, 151 K (−122 ° C.)}. The former in parentheses is pressure and the latter is temperature. On the other hand, the critical point of water is 22.12 MPa, 647.3 K (374 ° C.). From the comparison of the critical points, the energy required to bring the working fluid CO ₂ , N ₂ , Ar, etc. into the supercritical state in the supercritical formation part is more than the energy required to bring water into the supercritical state. It is considered low. At present, when water is used as a working fluid in a thermal power plant or the like, it is put into practical use by setting water to a supercritical state of 31 Mpa and 556 ° C. when driving the turbine section. Also from this point, the energy required to make the working fluid CO ₂ , N ₂ , Ar, etc. into a supercritical state is lower than that of water. As a result, it is assumed that the fuel consumption of the combustion part can be reduced by suppressing the amount of combustion heat.

  In the fluid circulation unit 30, the condenser 91 is provided in a path returning from the turbine unit 10 to the supercritical forming unit 21. In the figure, it is provided in the middle of the turbine section downstream pipe 32. In addition, a circulation pump 92 is also provided in a path returning from the turbine unit 10 to the supercritical forming unit 21 in the middle of the turbine unit downstream pipe 32. Circulation and pressure feeding (pressurization higher than the critical pressure) of the working fluid in the fluid circulation unit 30 are performed by the circulation pump 92.

  A known device for cooling the working fluid is used for the condenser 91. Since the condenser is provided in the fluid circulation section on the downstream side of the turbine section, the working fluid is cooled and liquefied through the condenser. Therefore, a pressure difference of the working fluid occurs between the upstream side and the downstream side of the turbine unit. The pressure on the downstream side of the turbine section decreases, and the working fluid easily flows into the turbine section. For this reason, the rotational efficiency of a turbine part improves.

As can be understood from this description, in the prime mover system 1A of the first embodiment, the working fluid repeats the “supercritical state” and the “state in which the enthalpy is lower than the supercritical state” while repeating the closed fluid circulation. Flow in the club. A rotational driving force can always be obtained in the turbine section. Since the working fluid is CO ₂ , N ₂ , Ar, or the like, when the working fluid is less than the specified amount due to the leakage of the working fluid, an appropriate amount of the working fluid is supplemented in the fluid circulation portion.

  Oxygen necessary for fuel combustion in the combustion unit 20 is supplied from the liquid oxygen supply unit 50. The reason why the oxygen source is liquid oxygen is to use the cold heat of the liquid oxygen itself (coldness at an extremely low temperature), as will be described later. When the prime mover system is a small-scale facility, a mobile facility, or the like, the liquid oxygen supply unit 50 is a liquid oxygen tank, a tank car, or the like.

  When the prime mover system is a large-scale work plant or the like, a large amount of oxygen is always required for fuel combustion. In this case, as defined in the second aspect of the invention, the liquid oxygen supply unit 50 includes a cryogenic air separation device 51 as in the illustrated embodiment. Oxygen produced by being separated from the cryogenic air separation device 51 is supplied to the combustion unit 20. Therefore, it is not necessary to replenish liquid oxygen sequentially, and stable supply of liquid oxygen is always possible.

  Naturally, when various fuels such as hydrocarbon gas are burned, exhaust gas containing water (water vapor) and carbon dioxide is inevitable. However, if separation of water and carbon dioxide can be performed with high accuracy, it can contribute to reduction of exhaust gas emission cost, recovery of discharged carbon dioxide, and burial processing.

  The freezing point of carbon dioxide is -79 ° C under normal pressure. On the other hand, the boiling point of oxygen is −183 ° C., and the cold temperature of oxygen is sufficiently low. Therefore, the oxygen supplied from the liquid oxygen supply unit 50 is vaporized with the heat quantity and combustion heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 20. At the same time, the exhaust gas is cooled by the cold heat of liquid oxygen. Components contained in the exhaust gas such as water and carbon dioxide are separated for each component due to differences in boiling point and freezing point as the exhaust gas is cooled. A series of heat exchange and separation is performed in the heat exchange separation unit 60.

  That is, it is possible to solidify or liquefy carbon dioxide by effectively utilizing the cold heat of liquid oxygen itself. Therefore, the additional burden required for the separation process of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is reduced, and the operation cost is relatively reduced. Moreover, since pure oxygen is supplied to the combustion of fuel from the beginning, an air compressor or the like is not necessary. Therefore, the equipment of the prime mover system is simplified. In view of facilitating the separation process of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas, soot and the like are hardly generated and combustion is easy. Therefore, hydrocarbon gas is preferable as the fuel.

  According to the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 20 is introduced into the exhaust gas cooling unit 82 in the heat exchange separation unit 60 through the exhaust gas passage 80 (exhaust gas pipe 81). Liquid oxygen supplied from the liquid oxygen supply unit 50 is introduced into the oxygen vaporization unit 53 in the heat exchange separation unit 60 through the liquid oxygen pipe 52.

  In particular, in the first embodiment, the cold heat of liquid nitrogen, which is a byproduct produced from the cryogenic air separation device 51, is also used. That is, as specified in the invention of claim 3, the liquid nitrogen separated by the chilled air separation device 51 is introduced into the condenser 91 through the condenser pipe 58. And the working fluid which distribute | circulates the fluid circulation part 30 with the cold heat | fever of liquid nitrogen is cooled, and a working fluid turns into a liquid. By effectively utilizing the liquid nitrogen separated from the cryogenic air separation device, the cooling equipment for the working fluid can be simplified. At the same time, the liquid nitrogen separated by the cryogenic air separation device 51 is also introduced into the nitrogen vaporization section 56 in the heat exchange separation section 60 through the liquid nitrogen pipe 55.

  The oxygen vaporization unit 53, the nitrogen vaporization unit 56, and the exhaust gas cooling unit 82 are arranged close to and in contact with each other. Therefore, the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas cooling unit 82 is cooled, and conversely, the liquid oxygen flowing through the oxygen vaporization unit 53 and the liquid nitrogen flowing through the nitrogen vaporization unit 56 are vaporized along with heat exchange. The Appropriate heat exchange and gas transfer members are used for the oxygen vaporization section, the exhaust gas cooling section, and the like. Here, in some cases, the temperature rise is assisted by inducing combustion heat in the combustion section to the oxygen vaporization section or the like.

  The exhaust gas passes through the heat exchange separation unit 60 (exhaust gas cooling unit 82) and is separated into water, carbon dioxide, and other oxygen, and the water is directed to the waste water reservoir 83 and the carbon dioxide is directed to the exhaust carbon dioxide reservoir 84. Oxygen vaporized through the heat exchange separation unit 60 (oxygen vaporization unit 53) is introduced into the combustion unit 20 via the vaporized oxygen pipe 54 and used for fuel combustion as described above. Nitrogen vaporized through the heat exchange separation unit 60 (nitrogen vaporization unit 56) is exhausted through a vaporized nitrogen pipe 57. Nitrogen vaporized through the heat exchange separation unit 60 (nitrogen vaporization unit 56) is exhausted through a vaporized nitrogen pipe 57. Nitrogen (including the state of liquid nitrogen) exhausted from the vaporized nitrogen piping and the condenser is appropriately used for applications as necessary.

  The schematic diagram of FIG. 2 shows a prime mover system 1B of the second embodiment. In the prime mover system 1 </ b> B, as defined in the invention of claim 5, a sub-turbine section that is driven using the working fluid introduced into the turbine section 11 is provided in the fluid circulation section 35. In the motor | power_engine system 1B of 2nd Embodiment, the location which is common in the motor | power_engine system 1A of above-mentioned 1st Embodiment sets it as the same code | symbol, and abbreviate | omits related description. The second turbine part in the second embodiment corresponds to the sub turbine part. The path of the working fluid in the prime mover system 1B of the second embodiment is as described below.

  As can be understood from FIG. 2, the working fluid that has become a supercritical state by passing through the first supercritical forming section 25 in the combustion section 20 passes through the first turbine section upstream pipe 36 of the fluid circulation section 35 to the first turbine. Part 11 is introduced. The working fluid that has dropped to a temperature below the critical point as the first turbine unit 11 is driven is discharged from the first turbine unit 11 and returned to the second supercritical forming unit 26 through the first turbine unit downstream pipe 37. The working fluid returned to the second supercritical forming section 26 is heated and heated again to the supercritical state, and the enthalpy of the working fluid increases. The working fluid is introduced into the second turbine section 12 serving as a sub turbine through the second turbine section upstream pipe 38. The working fluid that has decreased to a temperature and pressure below the critical point as the second turbine unit 12 is driven is discharged from the second turbine unit 12 and returned to the first supercritical forming unit 25 through the second turbine unit downstream pipe 39. . The working fluid is cooled by the condenser 91, pressurized by the circulation pump 92, and returned to the combustion unit 20. Thereafter, the working fluid becomes a supercritical state in the first supercritical forming unit 25 and circulates in the fluid circulating unit 35.

  According to the prime mover system 1B of the second embodiment, the number of turbine units that can be installed in a single fluid circulation unit 35 can be increased. Therefore, since the combustion heat in the combustion section can be effectively utilized, the drive energy that can be obtained from one prime mover system increases. Assuming a power plant or the like, since a plurality of generators can be operated, the amount of power supply increases. In particular, since a working fluid in a supercritical state is introduced into any turbine section, a strong rotational driving force can be obtained by the ultrahigh pressure turbine. The number of installed turbine units is not limited to the two illustrated, and can be increased to the required number.

  The disclosed embodiment is a structure for introducing a supercritical working fluid into any turbine section. For example, by setting the second supercritical forming portion as a heating temperature raising portion, the working fluid discharged from the first turbine portion is heated and heated to a state where the enthalpy is high (large), and then to the second turbine portion. It can also be introduced. Even a working fluid whose enthalpy is lower than the supercritical state can be used effectively for driving the turbine section. In this case, although not shown in the drawing, a coaxial turbine portion combining the first turbine portion and the second turbine portion may be used, and both the working fluid having a high enthalpy and the working fluid having a high enthalpy by heating and heating are introduced. As a result, the rotational driving force of the turbine section can be increased.

  The schematic diagram of FIG. 3 shows a prime mover system 1C of the third embodiment. As defined in the invention of claim 7, the prime mover system 1 </ b> C includes a combustion unit 20 that burns fuel, oxygen supplied to the combustion unit 20, and a cryogenic air separation device 51 that produces nitrogen as a working fluid, A supercritical forming unit 21 provided inside the combustion unit 20, a fluid supply unit 40 that connects the supercritical forming unit and the turbine unit 10 to supply nitrogen as a working fluid to the turbine unit 10, and heat exchange are further provided. A separation unit 60 is provided. In the motor | power_engine system 1C of 3rd Embodiment, the location which is common in the motor | power_engine system 1A of above-mentioned 1st Embodiment sets it as the same code | symbol, and abbreviate | omits related description.

  The combustion efficiency of fuel is remarkably improved by performing combustion in the presence of pure oxygen. The cryogenic air separation device is efficient because it can always supply pure oxygen. However, the liquid nitrogen produced at the same time is only partially utilized in the above-described embodiment.

  On the other hand, the motor system 1C of the third embodiment is characterized in that nitrogen that is separated during liquid oxygen production in the cryogenic air separation device is used as the working fluid. That is, this is a prime mover system that actively uses the by-product of the chilled air separation device as a working fluid and drives the turbine section.

  First, air is supplied to a chilled air separation device 51, where it is separated into liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen. As described above, liquid oxygen is introduced into the combustion section 20 via the liquid oxygen pipe 52, the heat exchange separation section 60 (oxygen vaporization section 53), and the vaporized oxygen pipe 54, and is used for fuel combustion. A part of the liquid nitrogen is used for cooling the exhaust gas in the heat exchange separation unit 60. As in the above-described embodiment, exhaust is performed via the liquid nitrogen pipe 55, the heat exchange separation unit 60 (nitrogen vaporization unit 56), and the vaporized nitrogen pipe 57. The vaporization and temperature rise of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, the cooling of the exhaust gas, and the separation of water and carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas in the heat exchange separation unit 60 are the same as in the above-described embodiment.

  The working fluid is liquid nitrogen separated from air by the cryogenic air separation device 51. The liquid nitrogen is pressurized to a critical pressure or higher by the liquid nitrogen pumping pump 93 via the liquid nitrogen supply pipe 59 and is introduced into the supercritical forming part 21 in the combustion part 20. The liquid nitrogen of the working fluid is heated to a temperature higher than the critical temperature by the combustion heat of the fuel in the supercritical forming section 21 and the temperature of the working fluid nitrogen becomes supercritical. The supercritical working fluid (nitrogen) is introduced into the turbine unit 10 through the fluid supply unit 40 (turbine unit upstream pipe 41). The working fluid whose enthalpy has been reduced by rotationally driving the turbine section is exhausted to the atmosphere through the turbine section downstream pipe 42. In the illustrated prime mover system 1 </ b> C, a generator 100 is connected to the turbine section 10 as defined in claim 9. The prime mover system is a power plant.

  As illustrated and described with respect to the prime mover system of the third embodiment, since nitrogen, which is a working fluid, is a component that originally existed in the air, no problem occurs during exhaust. Since the exhaust gas is almost pure nitrogen, it can be recovered from the vaporized nitrogen pipe or the turbine section downstream pipe and used for industrial purposes. Further, since the fluid supply unit does not aim at circulation of the working fluid, the pipe line is simplified.

  The schematic diagram of FIG. 4 shows a prime mover system 1D of the fourth embodiment. In the prime mover system 1 </ b> D, as defined in the invention of claim 8, the fluid supply unit 40 is provided with a sub-turbine unit that is driven using the working fluid introduced into the turbine unit 11. In the prime mover system 1D of the fourth embodiment, portions common to the prime mover systems 1A, 1B, and 1C of the first to third embodiments described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and related descriptions are omitted. In addition, the 2nd turbine part in the said 4th Embodiment corresponds to a subturbine part. The path of the working fluid in the prime mover system 1D of the fourth embodiment is as described below.

  As can be understood from FIG. 4, the working fluid (nitrogen) that has become supercritical by passing through the first supercritical forming section 25 in the combustion section 20 via the liquid nitrogen supply pipe 59 and the liquid nitrogen pumping pump 93. ) Is introduced into the first turbine section 11 through the first turbine section upstream pipe 46 of the fluid supply section 45. The working fluid (nitrogen) that has dropped to a temperature below the critical point as the first turbine unit 11 is driven is discharged from the first turbine unit 11 and returned to the second supercritical forming unit 26 through the first turbine unit downstream pipe 47. It is. The working fluid (nitrogen) returned to the second supercritical forming unit 26 is heated and heated again to the supercritical state, and the enthalpy of the working fluid increases. The working fluid (nitrogen) is introduced into the second turbine section 12 serving as a sub turbine through the second turbine section upstream pipe 48. The working fluid that has dropped to a temperature and pressure below the critical point as the second turbine section 12 is driven is discharged from the second turbine section 12 and exhausted to the atmosphere through the second turbine section downstream piping 49.

  Since the prime mover system 1D of the fourth embodiment can increase the number of turbine parts that can be installed in a single fluid supply part 40, it is one prime mover compared to the prime mover system 1C of the third embodiment. The drive energy that can be obtained from the system increases. Also in the fourth embodiment, the number of installed turbine units is not limited to the two illustrated, and can be increased to the required number. In the case of the embodiment as well, by replacing the second supercritical forming part with a heating temperature raising part, the working fluid discharged from the first turbine part is heated and heated to a high (large) enthalpy state. It can also be introduced into the second turbine section. Even if the enthalpy is a working fluid (nitrogen) in a state lower than the supercritical state, the enthalpy is increased by heating and heating, and can be used effectively for driving the turbine section. As described above, the structure of the turbine section is optimally designed.

  The applications of the prime mover systems 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D disclosed in detail in FIGS. 1 to 4 are connected to the turbine section 10 (the first turbine section 11 and the second turbine section 12). Depending on the purpose of the device, etc. For example, it can be used as a drive source for heavy machinery such as dredgers in harbors, water pumps in rivers and reclaimed land, and oilfield excavators. Or it can use for drive sources, such as various compressors and pumps. Furthermore, the motor system can be mounted on a ship and a propeller or the like can be connected to the turbine section to obtain the propulsion power of the ship.

  In particular, when the generator 100 is connected to the turbine unit 10 (the first turbine unit 11 and the second turbine unit 12) as defined in the inventions of claims 6 and 9, the prime mover system is a thermal power plant. . The expansion of the scale will increase the efficiency of energy use in various places, such as the combustion efficiency of the fuel and the driving of the turbine section by the supercritical fluid, so it can be expected to replace the existing thermal power plant. Further, depending on the scale of the prime mover system, the prime mover system can be used as a private power generator.

It is the schematic which shows the motor | power_engine system of 1st Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the motor | power_engine system of 2nd Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the motor | power_engine system of 3rd Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the motor | power_engine system of 4th Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

1A, 1B, 1C, 1D prime mover system 10 turbine part 11 first turbine part 12 second turbine part (sub-turbine part)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 Combustion part 21 Supercritical formation part 25 1st supercritical formation part 26 2nd supercritical formation part 30,35 Fluid circulation part 31 Turbine part upstream piping 32 Turbine part downstream piping 40,45 Fluid supply part 41 Turbine part upstream piping 42 Turbine section downstream pipe 50 Liquid oxygen supply section 51 Cryogenic air separation device 53 Oxygen vaporization section 56 Nitrogen vaporization section 58 Condenser pipe 59 Liquid nitrogen supply pipe 60 Heat exchange separation section 70 Fuel storage section 71 Fuel pipe 80 Exhaust gas flow path 82 Exhaust gas cooling unit 91 Condenser 92 Circulation pump 93 Liquid nitrogen pressure pump 100 Generator

Claims (9)

A prime mover system that obtains rotational driving force by introducing a supercritical working fluid into a turbine section,
A combustion section for burning fuel;
A supercritical forming part that brings the working fluid into a supercritical state by the combustion heat of the fuel;
The supercritical forming part and the turbine part are connected to introduce the working fluid into the turbine part, and the working fluid is returned to the supercritical forming part again, so that the supercritical forming part and the turbine part are connected with each other. A fluid circulation part for circulating the working fluid;
A condenser for cooling the working fluid;
A liquid oxygen supply unit for supplying combustion oxygen to the combustion unit;
A heat exchange separation unit that cools exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit using cold oxygen supplied from the liquid oxygen supply unit to the combustion unit and separates water and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas; A prime mover system characterized by comprising.   The prime mover system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid oxygen supply unit includes a chilled air separation device, and oxygen separated by the chilled air separation device is supplied to the combustion unit.   The prime mover system according to claim 2, wherein the liquid nitrogen separated by the cryogenic air separation device is introduced into the condenser.   The prime mover system according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a rare gas.   The prime mover system according to claim 1, wherein a sub turbine portion that is driven by using the working fluid introduced into the turbine portion is provided in the fluid circulation portion.   The prime mover system according to claim 1, wherein a generator is connected to the turbine section. A prime mover system that obtains rotational driving force by introducing a supercritical working fluid into a turbine section,
A combustion section for burning fuel;
A chilled air separation device for producing oxygen to be supplied to the combustion section and nitrogen as the working fluid;
A supercritical forming portion that brings the working fluid nitrogen into a supercritical state by the combustion heat of the fuel;
A fluid supply unit that connects the supercritical forming unit and the turbine unit to supply nitrogen of the working fluid to the turbine unit;
Heat that separates water and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas by cooling the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion section using the cold heat of either or both of oxygen and nitrogen separated by the cryogenic air separation device A prime mover system comprising an exchange separation unit.   The prime mover system according to claim 7, wherein a sub turbine portion that is driven by using the working fluid introduced into the turbine portion is provided on a downstream side of the turbine portion.   The prime mover system according to claim 7, wherein a generator is connected to the turbine section.

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