JP2009203253A - Method for converting kitchen garbage into solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To convert kitchen garbage into an inexpensive and excellent solid fuel having high safety. <P>SOLUTION: In a method for converting garbage into the solid fuel, a moisture adjustment material is mixed into the garbage and an effective microbe group comprising 55% aerobic bacteria group and 45% anaerobic bacteria group is further added, the resultant mixture is primarily fermented while applying ventilation and bubbling to form a primary raw material, and a charcoal powder is mixed into the primary raw material and secondary fermentation is performed by further adding an effective microbe group composed of alkaline Bacillus TATEYAMA TURUGI FERM BP-10691, alkaline Bacillus TATEYAMA YAKUSHI FERM BP-10692, halophilic Bacillus TATEYAMA JOUDO FERM BP-10693, anaerobic Atopostipes TATEYAMA JOJO FERM BP-10690 and anaerobic and halophilic Clostridium TATEYAMA RYUUOU FERM BP10694 to form a carbon source bed, and the carbon source bed is solidified. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for converting garbage into a solid fuel.

  In the present invention, “garbage” means unnecessary rice, vegetables, seafood, noodles, meat, tea shells that are discarded from food processing facilities such as food processing plants, general households, restaurants, schools, offices, and hospitals. , Waste such as okara, rice bran, eggshell, coffee lees, beer lees, juice lees etc.

  Garbage is an organic substance that is rich in protein, fat, fiber, and the like. Therefore, when moisture and temperature are added to the garbage, it immediately rots and generates toxic gas, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methylcapta, etc., and the environment in the living area deteriorates.

  The present inventor provides a method for decomposing heavy metals, dioxins and agricultural chemicals in Japanese Patent No. 3710424.

This method of decomposing heavy metals, dioxins and pesticides is performed by mixing an effective waste group consisting of 55% aerobic bacteria and 45% anaerobic bacteria in organic waste with a ratio of the number of mixed strains of 40 to 200 ° C. Primary fermentation is carried out at a temperature, and further, an effective microorganism group consisting of 55% aerobic bacteria group and 45% anaerobic bacteria group is mixed therein, and this is mixed with the object to be treated at a temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. It is characterized by decomposing heavy metals, dioxins or pesticides contained in the material to be treated by secondary fermentation at.
Japanese Patent No. 3710424

  Since raw garbage contains a lot of oil, fat, salt, etc., and it is difficult to reduce and decompose these, most of the garbage that is recycled as organic fertilizer or feed is limited. Garbage is either landfilled at the final disposal site or incinerated as it is at the incineration site.

  However, when the garbage is disposed of in landfills, the garbage produces a bad odor and harms the environment. In addition, when garbage is incinerated, dioxins harmful to the human body are generated during the combustion process.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems all at once by providing a method for converting garbage into a solid fuel.

  The present invention has come up with a method for converting garbage into a solid fuel by further studying the above-described method for decomposing heavy metals, dioxins and agricultural chemicals.

  That is, the present invention provides a method for converting the following garbage into a solid fuel.

(1) Mixing moisture adjusting material in garbage and adding effective microorganism group consisting of 55% aerobic bacteria group and 45% anaerobic bacteria group, and making primary fermentation by primary fermentation while blowing and stirring ,
Charcoal powder is mixed into the primary raw material and an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama sword FERM BP-10691, an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama pharmacist FERM BP-10692, and halophilicity The genus Bacillus
sp.) Tateyama Pure Land FERM BP-10893, anaerobic bacteria Atopostipes sp. Tateyama Lady FERM BP-10690, anaerobic and halophilic Clostridium sp. Add an effective microorganism group consisting of Tateyama Ryuo FERM BP-10694, and make a secondary source fermentation to make a carbon source coal bed,
A method of converting garbage into solid fuel, wherein the carbon source coal bed is solidified (Claim 1).

(2) The primary raw material is obtained by mixing 35 parts by weight of a moisture adjusting material with 63 parts by weight of garbage and adding 2 parts by weight of an effective microorganism group, followed by primary fermentation at a temperature in a fermenter of 60-80 ° C. for 48 hours. (Claim 2).

(3) The secondary fermentation is performed for 48 hours (Claim 3).

  By adding an effective microorganism group consisting of 55% aerobic bacteria group and 45% anaerobic bacteria group to the raw garbage and performing primary fermentation, dangerous substances in the raw garbage can be reduced.

In this way, the primary raw material with reduced hazardous substances is mixed with charcoal powder and the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama sword FERM BP-10691 and the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama Pharmacist FERM BP-10682 and halophilic Bacillus
sp.) Tateyama Pure Land FERM BP-10893, anaerobic bacteria Atopostipes sp. Tateyama Lady FERM BP-10690, anaerobic and halophilic Clostridium sp. By adding an effective microorganism group consisting of Tateyama Ryuo FERM BP-10694 and performing secondary fermentation, dangerous substances can be further reduced.

Further, in the secondary fermentation, the hydrogen ion index changes depending on the effective microorganism group, and those having a strong acidity of pH 3 to 4 and those having a strong alkalinity of pH 10 or more change to around neutral pH 7.

Therefore, the solid fuel obtained by solidifying the carbon source coal bed obtained by the secondary fermentation is an excellent fuel with extremely high safety and low carbon dioxide emission.

In addition, the solid fuel can be provided at low cost because it is made from raw garbage that has been disposed of in landfill or incineration.

Further, the ash remaining after burning the solid fuel is harmless and can be used effectively for agriculture and the like.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to convert raw garbage, which is harmful to the environment regardless of whether it is landfilled or incinerated, into a solid fuel that is highly safe, inexpensive, and excellent. In other words, the present invention exhibits an extremely excellent effect of securing an energy source at a low cost while protecting the environment by converting raw garbage into a safe and inexpensive excellent fuel. It is.

  In the present invention, first, a moisture adjusting material is mixed in the garbage and an effective microorganism group consisting of 55% aerobic bacteria group and 45% anaerobic bacteria group is added, and primary fermentation is performed while blowing and stirring. Make primary ingredients.

  As the moisture adjusting material, for example, rice bran, wheat bran or the like is used.

  The effective microorganism group used when making the primary raw material is such that the ratio of the number of the combined strains consists of 55% aerobic bacteria group and 45% anaerobic bacteria group.

The effective microorganism group used in making the primary raw material includes the following.
Yeast, cellulose-degrading bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, filamentous fungi (aromatic compound-degrading bacteria), manganese-reducing bacteria (Agrobacterium-protozoan basidiomycetes), manganese-oxidizing bacteria (organic vegetative fungi), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (sublimation) Nitrate bacteria), actinomycetes (chitin-degrading bacteria), nitrate bacteria (nitrifying bacteria), sulfur bacteria (bacteria group using hydrogen sulfide as a hydrogen donor), methane oxidizing bacteria, cellulose actinomycetes, cellulose filamentous fungi, natto bacteria , Lignin-degrading bacteria, iron-oxidizing bacteria, iron-reducing bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus sp., Sporosarcina sp., Paenibacillus sp., Oceanobacillus (Oceanobacillus) sp.).

  Preferably, the primary raw material is mixed with 35 parts by weight of moisture adjusting material in 63 parts by weight of raw garbage and added with 2 parts by weight of effective microorganism group, and is subjected to primary fermentation at a temperature in a fermenter of 60-80 ° C. for 48 hours. Become. Hot air of 60 to 150 ° C. is blown into the fermenter.

Charcoal powder is mixed into the primary raw material and an alkalophilic Bacillus genus (Bacillus)
sp.) Tateyama sword FERM BP-10691, alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama pharmacist FERM BP-10682, and halophilic Bacillus genus (Bacillus
sp.) Tateyama Pure Land FERM BP-10893, anaerobic bacteria Atopostipes sp. Tateyama Lady FERM BP-10690, anaerobic and halophilic Clostridium sp. An effective microorganism group consisting of Tateyama Ryuo FERM BP-10694 is added and subjected to secondary fermentation to make a carbon source coal bed.

The carbon source coal bed is preferably subjected to secondary fermentation for 48 hours by mixing 10 parts by weight of bamboo charcoal or charcoal powder with 85 parts by weight of the primary raw material and adding 5 parts by weight of the effective microorganism group.

Solid fuel is made by solidifying the carbon source coal bed.

The anaerobic bacteria Atopostipes sp. Tateyama (FERM BP-10690), the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama sword (FERM BP-10691), the alkalophilic Bacillus The genus (Bacillus sp.) Tateyama pharmacist (FERM BP-10692), the halophilic Bacillus sp. Clostridium sp.) Tateyama Ryuo (FERM BP-10694) is deposited at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Patent Biological Depositary.

Alkaliphilic Bacillus (Bacillus)
sp.) Tateyama sword, alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama pharmacist, halophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama Jodo, and anaerobic Atopostipes sp. Tateyama An identification was made of a woman and an anaerobic and halophilic Clostridium sp. Hereinafter, an identification method and a microbial test result are shown.

As a bacterial first stage test, cell morphology, Gram staining, presence of spores and motility by flagella were observed with an optical microscope U-LH1,000 (Olympus, Japan). Colony morphology was observed on NUTRIENT AGAR (OXOID, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND) (hereinafter referred to as “NT”) or GAM agar medium (Nissui, Tokyo) (hereinafter referred to as “GAM”). Tests were made for catalase reaction, oxidase reaction, acid / gas production from glucose and glucose oxidation / fermentation (O / F).
Table 1 shows the results of the bacteriological property test.

Next, gene analysis of 16S rDNA base sequence was performed. INSTAGENE MATRIX (BIO RAD, CA, USA) was used for extraction of genomic DNA. Using the extracted genomic DNA as a template, a region having a total base sequence of about 1,500 to 1,600 base pairs was amplified by PCR. Thereafter, the amplified 16S rDNA was sequenced to obtain a base sequence. For purification and cycle sequencing of PCR products, BIGDYE TERMINATOR V3.1 CYCLE SEQUENCING KIT (APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS, CA, USA) was used. PRIMESTAR HS DNA POLYMERASE (Takara Bio, Shiga) for thermal cyclers and ABI PRISM 3100 GENETIC ANALYZER SYSTEM (APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS, for DNA sequencers)
CA, USA). The primers were according to the document “Identification and Classification of Actinomycetes, p88-117, Japan Society for Business Administration, 2001”.

The analysis results of the base sequence of 16S rDNA are shown in Table 2 for Bacillus sp. Tateyama sword, in Table 3 for Bacillus sp.
sp.) Table 4 for Tateyama Pure Land, Table 5 for Atopostipes sp. Tateyama, and Clostridium
sp.) Tateyama Ryuo is shown in Table 6, respectively.

The above base sequence is searched for homology using the Apollon DB bacterial reference strain database (Techno Suruga, Shizuoka). From the obtained 16S rDNA base sequence, a homology search for species considered to be closely related to the sample is performed. Five strains were determined.
The results of the homology search are shown in Table 7 for Bacillus sp.
sp.) for Tateyama Yakushi, Table 9 for Bacillus sp. Tateyama Jodo, Table 10 for Atopostipes sp. Tateyama Maiden, Table 10 for Clostridium spp. Clostridium sp.) Tateyama Ryuo is shown in Table 11, respectively.

CLUSTAL based on information obtained so far
Using W and MEGA VER3.1, a molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed using a 16S rDNA base sequence and a 16S rDNA base sequence of a bacterial group considered to be closely related thereto. The neighbor linking method was used to estimate the molecular phylogenetic tree, and a bootstrap showing the validity of the tree type was generated 1000 times.
In addition, CLUSTAL W is a document “Nucleic Acids Research, 1994, 22: 4673-4680.” MEGA is a document “Briefings”
in Bioinformatics, 2004, 5, 150-163. ".
The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis are shown in FIG. 1 for the Bacillus sp. Tateyama sword and the Bacillus sp. Tateyama pharmacist.
sp.) The Tateyama Pure Land is shown in Figure 2, and the Atopostipes sp. Tateyama Lady is shown in Figure 3, Clostridium.
sp.) is shown in FIG.

While mixing 35 parts by weight of the following moisture adjusting material with 63 parts by weight of garbage containing Korean food residue, add 2 parts by weight of effective microorganism group consisting of 55% aerobic bacteria group and 45% anaerobic bacteria group, While performing air blowing and stirring using a fermenter (trademark “NB-SS fermenter Rex type”), primary fermentation is performed for 48 hours at a temperature in a fermenter of 60 to 80 ° C.
10 parts by weight of charcoal powder is mixed into 85 parts by weight of the primary raw material, and an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama sword FERM BP-10691 and an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama pharmacist FERM BP- 10692 and the halophilic Bacillus
sp.) Tateyama Pure Land FERM BP-10893, anaerobic bacteria Atopostipes sp. Tateyama Lady FERM BP-10690, anaerobic and halophilic Clostridium sp. 5 parts by weight of an effective microorganism group consisting of Tateyama Ryuo FERM BP-10694 was added, and secondary fermentation was performed for 48 hours using the fermenter to prepare a carbon source coal bed powder. The water content of the carbon source coal bed powder was 40% by weight, and the finishing temperature was 70 ° C.
The carbon source coal bed powder had a water content of 25% by weight and was solidified by a pellet production apparatus (biomass pellet production apparatus) to produce a solid fuel in the form of a cylindrical pellet.
The moisture adjusting material is charged with raw okara with a moisture content of 80% and rice bran into a total 1000 parts by weight fermenter so that the total moisture content of the raw okara and rice bran is 50%. 1 part by weight of an effective microorganism group consisting of 55% aerobic bacteria group and 45% anaerobic bacteria group is put into the fermenter, and the temperature in the fermenter is heated to 60-80 ° C. and the fermentation is performed. The mixture is stirred and fermented for 24 hours while feeding air into the tank.

  The solid fuel obtained in this example was a safe fuel that produces a sufficient amount of heat during combustion. The ash left after burning this solid fuel was harmless and was sprayed on the field.

  Table 12 shows the results of the analysis performed on the solid fuel obtained in the above examples.

It is a molecular phylogenetic tree of Bacillus sp. Tateyama sword and Bacillus sp. Tateyama pharmacist. It is a molecular phylogenetic tree of Bacillus sp. This is a molecular phylogenetic tree of a woman from the genus Atopostipes sp. This is a molecular phylogenetic tree of a woman from the genus Atopostipes sp.

Claims (3)

Mixing moisture adjusting material with garbage and adding effective microorganism group consisting of 55% aerobic bacteria group and 45% anaerobic bacteria group, and making primary fermentation by primary fermentation while blowing and stirring,
Charcoal powder is mixed into the primary raw material and an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama sword FERM BP-10691, an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Tateyama pharmacist FERM BP-10692, and halophilicity The genus Bacillus
sp.) Tateyama Pure Land FERM BP-10893, anaerobic bacteria Atopostipes sp. Tateyama Lady FERM BP-10690, anaerobic and halophilic Clostridium sp. Add an effective microorganism group consisting of Tateyama Ryuo FERM BP-10694, and make a secondary source fermentation to make a carbon source coal bed,
A method for converting garbage into solid fuel, comprising solidifying the carbon source coal bed.   The primary raw material is obtained by mixing 35 parts by weight of a moisture adjusting material with 63 parts by weight of garbage and adding 2 parts by weight of an effective microorganism group, followed by primary fermentation at a temperature in a fermenter of 60 to 80 ° C. for 48 hours. The method for converting the garbage according to claim 1 into a solid fuel.   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the secondary fermentation is performed for 48 hours.

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