JP2009194697A - Instruction system, instruction program, and instruction device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an instruction system, instruction program and instruction device attaining a smooth interaction between remote sites through the visual line of a user at the side of a terminal or a real object. <P>SOLUTION: The instruction system includes a server 50 capable of transmitting to the terminal 100 a picked-up image picked up by a video camera 20 that images a target 200, and projecting on the target 200 an annotation image AN representing annotation corresponding to an instruction based on the picked-up image, performed at the terminal 100, by a projector 40, and the server 50 uses the projector 40 to project on the target 200 the locus of a visual line based on a visual line detection device 140 which detects the visual line of the user. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an instruction system, an instruction program, and an instruction device.

  In a conference system or the like, it is necessary to give various instructions such as instructions for work procedures from the terminal side to the real object side. As such a conference system capable of giving an instruction from the terminal side to the real object side, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a captured image is captured by the video camera while imaging an object existing on the real object side. In addition, an instruction system for projecting an annotation image instructed based on a captured image on a terminal side onto a target object on a real object side is known.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that in a videophone device having a projection function, a user can instruct and write an actual object on the other side with a simple configuration.

JP 2005-33756 A JP-A-6-245207

  By the way, in the techniques disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above, the target position of the target object is specified, but the user's line of sight on the terminal side or the real object side is directed to any position of the target object. It is unclear whether smooth dialogue between users may be hindered.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides an instruction system, an instruction program, and an instruction device that can facilitate a smooth dialogue between remote locations through the line of sight of a user on the terminal side or the real object side. With the goal.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, a captured image captured by an imaging unit that captures an object is transmitted to a terminal, and an annotation image representing an annotation according to an instruction based on the captured image made by the terminal is projected. Control means capable of projecting onto the object by the control means, and the control means is a pointing system characterized in that the projection means projects the locus of the line of sight based on the line of sight detection means for detecting the user's line of sight. .

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the control means determines the irradiation direction of the irradiation means for irradiating the light beam formed in the visual line detection means, on the detection result by the visual line detection means. The projector is operated in association with each other, and the projection of the light spot caused by the collision of the light beam with the object is projected onto the object by the projection unit as the locus of the line of sight.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means projects the locus of the line of sight and erases the locus of the line of sight after a predetermined time has elapsed. It is said.

  The invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that, in the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 3, the control means gradually erases from the locus of the line of sight having a long projection time.

  The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the control means gradually changes the color from the locus of the line of sight having a long projection time.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the computer transmits the captured image captured by the imaging unit that captures the object to the terminal, and the annotation image represents the annotation according to the instruction based on the captured image made by the terminal. The projection means projects a line-of-sight locus based on the line-of-sight detection means for detecting the user's line of sight onto the object by the projection means. It is a program.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an imaging unit that images an object, a projection unit that projects an annotation image representing an annotation according to an instruction based on a captured image captured by the imaging unit, and a user's The pointing device includes: a line-of-sight detection unit that detects a line of sight; and a control unit that causes the projection unit to project a locus of the line of sight based on a detection result of the line-of-sight detection unit.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, a smooth dialogue between remote locations can be achieved through the line of sight of the user on the terminal side.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to achieve a smooth dialogue between remote locations through the line of sight of the user on the object side as compared with the case where the present configuration is not provided.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, as compared with the case where the present configuration is not provided, the troublesomeness that the line-of-sight locus is continuously projected is suppressed.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the position of the latest line of sight becomes clear as compared with the case where the present configuration is not provided.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, the visibility of the locus of the line of sight to be erased is increased as compared with the case where the present configuration is not provided.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to achieve a smooth dialogue between remote locations through the line of sight of the user on the terminal side.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, it is possible to achieve a smooth dialogue between remote locations through the line of sight of the user on the terminal side.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an instruction system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram illustrating a main configuration of the server 50, and FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the server 50.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the instruction system includes an object-side device 10 and a terminal 100, and the object-side device 10 and the terminal 100 are connected to each other via a network 300 so that they can communicate with each other. Although only one terminal 100 is shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of terminals 100 and 101 may be connected to a server 50 (described later) of the object side device 10 through the network 300. In addition, the instruction system according to the present embodiment may be configured by a single device, such as being covered by a single housing, or may be configured by a plurality of devices.

  The object side device 10 includes a video camera 20 as an imaging unit, a projector 40 as a projection unit, a server 50 as a control unit, a half mirror 60, and the like.

  The video camera 20 is composed of, for example, a CCD camera. The video camera 20 captures an image of the object 200 and information on the captured image is captured by the server 50. The video camera 20 captures an image that has passed through the half mirror 60.

  The projector 40 is configured by a liquid crystal projector or the like, and projects an annotation image AN (hereinafter referred to as an annotation image) corresponding to an instruction based on a captured image made by the terminal 100 onto the object 200. Further, the projector 40 is arranged such that its optical system is substantially coincident with the video camera 20 by the half mirror 60. That is, the optical axes and the projection / imaging field angles of the projector 40 and the video camera 20 are made to coincide. The projector 40 projects the annotation image AN transmitted from the server 50 onto the object 200 via the optical system and the half mirror 60. The annotation image AN from the projector 40 is reflected by the half mirror 60 and projected onto the object 200. The annotation image AN includes all forms of images such as lines, characters, and figures. The reflectance of the half mirror 60 is desirably about 0.3% from the viewpoint of preventing an oscillation phenomenon.

  The server 50 controls the operations of the video camera 20 and the projector 40 and exchanges various information with the terminal 100 via the network 300.

  More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, an imaging unit 51 that controls the video camera 20 and an image transmission unit 52 that transmits a captured image captured by the video camera 20 to the terminal 100 are provided. In addition, the server 50 includes a receiving unit 53 that receives a drawing instruction or the like from the terminal 100, and a projection unit 54 that controls the projector 40 and can project the annotation image AN on the projector 40. Furthermore, a drawing instruction processing unit 55 that performs necessary processing in response to a drawing instruction from the terminal 100 is provided.

  Therefore, the server 50 transmits the captured image captured by the video camera 20 to the terminal 100 and causes the projector 40 to project the annotation image AN corresponding to the instruction based on the captured image made by the terminal 100 onto the target object 200.

  The terminal 100 includes a display device 110 such as a liquid crystal display or a CRT display, a computer 120 connected to the network 300, a pointing device (mouse) 130 connected to the computer 120, a gaze detection device 140 as a gaze detection means, and the like. Is done. The terminal 100 corresponds to, for example, a so-called personal computer or mobile phone of a notebook type or a desktop type.

The display device 110 displays an image transmitted from the object side device 10 on the display screen.
The pointing device 130 is used to form an instruction related to the annotation image AN to be projected onto the object 200 by operating various buttons with a pointer on the display screen on which the captured image is displayed.

  The line-of-sight detection device 140 is constituted by a CCD camera or the like, for example. The line-of-sight detection device 140 detects the user's line of sight, for example, the movement of the eyeball, etc., determines which position the user is viewing on the display screen of the display device 110, and determines the determination result as the line-of-sight position of the two-dimensional coordinate value. Output as information. Examples of the line-of-sight detection device 140 include TalkEye 2 manufactured by Takei Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd. and an eye mark recorder manufactured by Nak Image Technology Co., Ltd.

  Note that the server 50 and the computer 120 described above are so-called computers, that is, as shown in FIG. 3, a processing device 50 (120) a such as a CPU, an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), a DRAM (Dynamic RAM), an SDRAM ( Synchronous DRAM), RAM 50 (120) b such as NVRAM (Non Volatile RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory) 50 (120) c such as flash memory, and I / F 50 (120) d for controlling input / output are bus 50 ( 120) Implemented by the hardware configuration connected by e.

  Therefore, the CPU 50 (120) a reads the required program stored in the storage device such as the RAM 50 (120) b or the ROM 50 (120) c, and performs the operation according to the program, thereby realizing the function of each device. Is done. In addition, as such a program, it can be set as the program according to the flowchart mentioned later. Further, if necessary, a hard disk may be connected to the bus 50 (120) e.

Next, the operation of the instruction system configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS.
4 is a flowchart showing an example of processing in the server 50 of the object side device 10, FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of processing in image formation in the computer 120 of the terminal 100, and FIG. 6 explains an example of operation on the terminal 100 side. It is a figure for doing.

First, the operation of the server 50 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 4, the server 50 on the object side device 10 side first starts capturing an image captured by the video camera 20 (step S <b> 11), and determines whether there is a connection request from the computer 120 of the terminal 100. (Step S12). Then, when there is a connection request from the computer 120, the server 50 transmits the captured image of the video camera 20 to the computer 120 of the terminal 100 through the network 300 (step S13).

  Next, the server 50 determines whether or not a drawing instruction is transmitted from the computer 120 (step S14). This drawing instruction is information relating to the drawing of the annotation image AN. When receiving the drawing instruction, the server 50 performs a drawing instruction process according to the contents of the drawing instruction (step S15). As processing for the drawing instruction, for example, the projector 40 is controlled to project the annotation image AN in accordance with the drawing instruction.

  On the other hand, if the server 50 does not receive the drawing instruction, the server 50 determines whether there is a disconnection request from the computer 120 (step S16). If there is no disconnection request, the server 50 returns to step S13 to obtain a new captured image. Are transmitted to the computer 120 of the terminal 100 through the network 300, and when there is a disconnection request, the transmission of the captured image of the video camera 20 is stopped (step S17). Then, the server 50 determines whether or not there is a process end request (step S18). If there is no end request, the server 50 returns to step S12 and repeats the above process. finish.

Next, the operation of the terminal 100 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 5, the computer 120 of the terminal 100 makes a connection request to the server 50 (step S21). Next, after the connection is completed, the computer 120 displays the captured image 111a transmitted from the server 50 on the object side on the display screen 111 of the display device 110, for example, as shown in FIG. 6 (step S22).

  Next, the computer 120 determines whether there is an instruction for the attention area AR from the user for the captured image 111a displayed on the display screen 111 of the display device 110 (step S23). Then, processing according to the instruction is performed (step S24).

  Specifically, the operator of the terminal 100 sees the captured image 111a in the display screen 111 of the display device 110 as shown in FIG. In some cases, the pointing area 130 is operated to indicate the attention area AR while moving the pointer Pt on the display screen 111. The attention area AR is an area that defines a projection position at which the annotation image AN is projected. At this time, information on the annotation image AN to be projected onto the attention area AR is instructed at the same time.

  For example, by operating various buttons BT formed on the display screen 111 using the pointing device 130, graphic information such as a drawn rectangle or circle, a bitmap image prepared in advance, a keyboard, etc. Text information, pointers that reflect the operation of the pointing device 130, and the like. Then, the computer 120 transmits the various types of information specified in step S24 to the server 50 as a drawing instruction (step S25).

  Next, the computer 120 determines whether the instruction by the operator based on the captured image of the video camera 20 made at the terminal 100 is completed (step S26), and when finished, makes a disconnection request to the server 50. (Step S27), the process ends. If the instruction operation by the user of the terminal 100 has not ended, the process returns to step S22 and the above processing is repeated.

Next, the line-of-sight detection function, which is a feature of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a line-of-sight detection process in the computer 120, FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining detection of a user's line of sight, FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a projection process for the projector 40 in the server 50, and FIG. Is an example of a projection result.

  The flowchart shown in FIG. 7 can be included in the flowchart showing an example of the operation of the computer 120 shown in FIG. 5, and can be included preferably between the process of step S22 and the process of step S23. Further, the flowchart shown in FIG. 9 can be included in the flowchart showing an example of the operation of the server 50 shown in FIG. 4, and can be preferably included between the process of step S13 and the process of step S14. .

First, the operation of the computer 120 will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 7, the computer 120 determines whether or not the user's line of sight has been detected (step S31). The user's line of sight E is detected via a line-of-sight detection device 140 as shown in FIG.

  For example, when the power is turned on, the line-of-sight detection device 140 images the user, and preferably images the user's head. For this reason, it is preferable that the user is in the imaging region of the line-of-sight detection device 140. The line-of-sight detection device 140 always transmits the captured image to the computer 120. The computer 120 receives the captured image and determines whether or not the user's eyeball is included in the captured image. When the eyeball is included in the captured image, the computer 120 determines that the line of sight has been detected.

  Next, the computer 120 analyzes the movement of the user's eyeball based on the plurality of captured images, and calculates line-of-sight position information (step S32). The line-of-sight position information is represented as a set of two-dimensional coordinates in the display screen 111.

  For example, the trajectory TR of the line of sight in the display screen 111 is a bright spot connecting (x1, y1), (x2, y2),..., (Xn, yn) with one of the four corners of the display screen 111 as the origin. Represented as a continuous line. These coordinate groups are specified by the intersection of the display device 110 as a plane and the line of sight E. The direction of the line of sight E is specified as, for example, a direction vector based on the eyeballs in the captured image, in particular, the vertical and horizontal directions of the iris.

  When calculating the line-of-sight position information, the computer 120 transmits the line-of-sight position information to the server 50 (step S33).

Next, the operation of the server 50 will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 9, the server 50 determines whether or not the line-of-sight position information has been received (step S41). When the line-of-sight position information is not received, subsequent processing is not performed.

  If it is determined that the line-of-sight position information has been received, the server 50 then performs projection control of the projector 40 according to the line-of-sight position information (step S42). For example, the server 50 associates the image captured by the video camera 20 with the received line-of-sight position information, and calculates projection image information of an image that the projector 40 should project onto the object 200. Therefore, the projector 40 projects the line-of-sight image IM on the object 200 based on the projection image information as shown in FIG.

  The object 200 onto which the line-of-sight image IM is projected is captured by the video camera 20 and the captured image is transmitted to the computer 120 of the terminal 100 via the server 50. As a result, the computer 120 causes the display device 110 to display a captured image of the object 200 on which the line-of-sight image IM is projected. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 8, for example, the user on the terminal 100 side understands the position where the user is directing his / her line of sight.

(Second Embodiment)
Subsequently, an instruction system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram showing the main configuration of the server 50 according to the second embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the structure similar to each function of the server 50 shown by FIG. 2, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the instruction system according to the first embodiment, the line-of-sight image IM corresponding to the line of sight of the user on the terminal 100 side is projected onto the object 200, but the instruction system according to the second embodiment is used on the object 200 side. The point of difference is that a line-of-sight image IM corresponding to the person's line of sight is projected.

  Accordingly, the server 50 according to the second embodiment differs from the server 50 according to the first embodiment in that the server 50 according to the second embodiment includes the irradiation direction calculation unit 56 and the imaging unit 51 controls the projection unit 53. The irradiation direction calculation unit 56 calculates the irradiation direction of the light beam irradiation apparatus to be described later based on the viewpoint information and visual field information received by the reception unit 54.

Next, the operation of the server 50 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
12 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the server 50 according to the present embodiment, FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the projection of the user's line of sight, FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the line-of-sight measuring device 141, and FIG. FIG. 16 is an example of the display screen 111 in the display device 110. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the server 50 first determines whether or not viewpoint information and visual field information have been received (step S51). The viewpoint information and the visual field information are transmitted from the line-of-sight measurement device 141 as the line-of-sight detection means.

  The line-of-sight measurement device 141 has a glasses-like shape as shown in FIG. The user handles the eye gaze measuring device 141 as if wearing glasses. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 14, the line-of-sight measurement device 141 includes, for example, an eye camera 141a configured by a CCD camera, an infrared output device, and the like, a field-of-view camera 141b configured by a CCD camera, and a light beam irradiation device as an irradiation unit. 141c and code 141d.

  The eye camera 141a irradiates the eyeball with weak infrared rays by an infrared output device. As a result, a reflected image (Purkinje-Sanson image) of the light source is generated on the refracting surface of the cornea or quartz. The eye camera 141a captures the reflected image and the pupil with a CCD camera, calculates eye movements from these positional relationships, and outputs them as viewpoint information. In addition, it is desirable to attach to both eyes from the viewpoint of improving accuracy.

The visual field camera 141b captures an image corresponding to the visual field of the user and outputs it as visual field information.
The light beam irradiation device 141c irradiates light beams such as laser beams. Then, the irradiation direction is adjusted based on the direction information calculated according to the viewpoint information and the visual field information.
The code 141d connects the line-of-sight measurement device 141 and the server 50, and communicates various information such as viewpoint information, visual field information, and direction information. In place of the code 141d, wireless communication such as infrared rays may be used.

  When the server 50 determines that the viewpoint information and the visual field information are received from the line-of-sight measurement device 141, as shown in FIG. 12, based on these pieces of information, the server 50 determines direction information that determines the irradiation direction of the light beam irradiation device 141c. Calculate (step S52).

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15, the center of the field-of-view image F corresponding to the field-of-view information is the origin O, and the received viewpoint information is the viewpoint information A (r, θ). r represents the distance from the origin O, and θ represents the angle formed with the x-axis. Instead of the polar coordinate system, an orthogonal coordinate system indicating the viewpoint information in the (x, y) format may be used. Then, a direction vector in which the light beam L output from the light beam irradiation device 141c passes the viewpoint information A is calculated as direction information.

  Next, the server 50 controls the irradiation direction of the light beam irradiation device 141c based on the direction information (step S53). That is, the irradiation direction of the light beam irradiation device 141c operates in association with the direction information calculated as the viewpoint information and the visual field information by the line-of-sight measurement device 141. Thereby, the light beam irradiation device 141c of the line-of-sight measurement device 141 irradiates the light beam L along the user's line of sight as shown in FIG.

  Next, the server 50 determines whether or not there is a light spot in the image captured by the video camera 20 (step S54). That is, as shown in FIG. 13, when the user's line of sight is directed toward the target object 200, the light beam L collides with the target object 200 and a light spot appears on the target object 200. When this light spot has a higher luminance value than other images in the captured image, for example, the image of the object 200 or the annotation image AN, it is determined that there is a light spot in the captured image. In addition, what is necessary is just to determine the height of a luminance value with a desired threshold value.

  If the server 50 determines that there is a light spot, the server 50 holds the locus of the light spot in a storage device or the like (step S55). The video camera 20 always captures the object 200, the annotation image AN projected on the object 200, the light spot attached by the light irradiation device 141c, and the like, and when these captured images include a light spot. Keep holding each time.

  Next, the server 50 controls the projection of the projector 40 according to the locus of the light spot (step S56). As a result, the projector 40 projects a line-of-sight image IM along the movement of the light spot onto the object 200 as shown in FIG. Further, this captured image is transmitted to the computer 120. As a result, as shown in FIG. 16, the line-of-sight image IM is also displayed on the display device 110 together with the object 200 and the annotation image AN in the captured image 111a. Thereby, the user on the terminal 100 side can grasp to which position of the object 200 the user's line of sight on the object 200 side is directed.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments according to the present invention, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims.・ Change is possible. For example, the program of the present invention can be provided not only by communication means but also stored in a recording medium such as a CD-ROM.

  In the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, the server 50 may delete the line of sight after a predetermined time has elapsed after the line of sight is projected on the projector 40. In this case, the line of sight line having a long projection time may be gradually erased. Furthermore, in the case of erasing gradually, the erasing locus may be erased while changing the color and brightness.

  According to the present invention, since the conversation between remote locations is smooth through the user's line of sight on the terminal side, industrial applicability is high.

It is a block diagram which shows embodiment of an instruction | indication system. It is a functional block diagram which shows the principal part structure of the server which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows hardware constitutions, such as a server. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process in the server of the target side apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process in the image formation in the computer of a terminal. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of operation by the side of a terminal. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the gaze detection process in a computer. It is a figure for demonstrating the detection of a user's eyes | visual_axis. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the projection process with respect to the projector in a server. It is an example of a projection result. It is a functional block diagram which shows the principal part structure of the server which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows an example of operation | movement of a server. It is a figure for demonstrating projection of a user's eyes | visual_axis. It is a perspective view of a gaze measuring device. It is a figure for demonstrating viewpoint information and visual field information. It is an example of the display screen in a display apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Object side apparatus 20 Video camera 40 Projector 50 Server 50a CPU
50b RAM
50c ROM
50d I / F
50e Bus 51 Imaging unit 52 Image transmission unit 53 Reception unit 54 Projection unit 55 Drawing instruction processing unit 56 Irradiation direction calculation unit 60 Half mirror 100 Terminal 110 Display device 111 Display screen 111a Captured image 120 Computer 130 Pointing device 140 Line of sight detection device 141 Line of sight Measuring device 141a Eye camera 141b Field of view camera 141c Light beam irradiation device 141d Code 200 Object 300 Network AN Annotation image AR Region of interest Pt Pointer BT Button TR Line of sight IM Line of sight E Line of sight L Light

Claims (7)

A captured image captured by an imaging unit that captures an object can be transmitted to the terminal, and an annotation image representing an annotation according to an instruction based on the captured image made by the terminal can be projected onto the object by the projecting unit. Having control means,
The control unit causes the projection unit to project a locus of a line of sight based on a line-of-sight detection unit that detects a user's line of sight onto the object.   The control unit operates by associating the detection result of the line-of-sight detection unit with the irradiation direction of the irradiation unit that irradiates the light beam formed on the line-of-sight detection unit, and the light beam collides with the object. The pointing system according to claim 1, wherein a locus of a generated light spot is projected on the object by the projection unit as a locus of the line of sight.   3. The instruction system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit projects the line of sight and erases the line of sight after a predetermined time has elapsed.   The instruction system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control unit gradually erases from a locus of a line of sight having a long projection time.   5. The instruction system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit gradually changes the color from a locus of a line of sight having a long projection time. Computer
A captured image captured by an imaging unit that captures an object can be transmitted to the terminal, and an annotation image representing an annotation according to an instruction based on the captured image made by the terminal can be projected onto the object by the projecting unit. Function as a control means,
The control means causes the projection means to project the locus of the line of sight based on the line-of-sight detection means for detecting the user's line of sight onto the object. An imaging means for imaging an object;
A projecting unit that projects an annotation image representing an annotation in accordance with an instruction based on a captured image captured by the imaging unit onto the object;
Gaze detection means for detecting the gaze of the user;
Control means for projecting the locus of the line of sight based on the detection result of the line of sight detection means onto the object by the projection means;
A pointing device characterized by comprising:

Images