JP2009186259A - Return-to-zero mechanism of chronograph pointer, and chronograph timepiece equipped therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a return-to-zero mechanism of a chronograph pointer used instead of a heart cam, and a chronograph timepiece equipped therewith. <P>SOLUTION: A chronograph arbor return-to-zero mechanism 1 of the chronograph timepiece has a spiral wall part 32 formed integrally with a chronograph arbor 31 having a chronograph pointer mounted thereon, and a pressing return-to-zero means for pressing the spiral wall part 32 in the axial direction F1 of the chronograph arbor 31 though an engaging part 43 engaged with the spiral wall part 32. In this case, the pressing return-to-zero means has an engaged lever 40 engaged with the spiral wall part 32 by the engaging part 43, and a flyback lever 80 equipped with a pressing force application part 86 for pressing the engaged lever 40. The engaged lever 40 has an elongate and planar engaged lever body part 41, and the engaging part 43 of the engaged lever includes a pin-shaped body having a circular cross section and projected from the engaged lever body part 41. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a chronograph timepiece, and more particularly to a nulling mechanism for a chronograph pointer suitable for use in the chronograph timepiece.

  A nulling mechanism in a conventional chronograph timepiece typically includes a heart cam that is integrally attached to the chronograph and a hammer with a hammer that strikes the heart cam (for example, Patent Document 1). Typically, the hammer is actuated via a plurality of hammer transmission levers in response to pressing of the reset button to strike the heart cam and return the true chronograph pointer to zero or zero.

However, when the heart cam is used, it is necessary to hit the heart cam with a hammer, so that the load on the chronograph true to which the heart cam is integrally attached increases, and there is a possibility that tenon bending or the like may occur. Further, since the heart cam needs to be able to receive a great striking force, the manufacture and assembly of the heart cam itself not only requires a complicated process, but also tends to increase costs as a part.
JP 2004-294279 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a nulling mechanism for a chronograph pointer that can be used instead of a heart cam and a chronograph timepiece having the same. .

  In order to achieve the above object, the nulling mechanism of the chronograph pointer of the present invention engages with the spiral wall portion, and the spiral wall portion integrally formed with the chronograph to which the chronograph pointer is attached. And a pressing zeroing means for pressing the helical wall portion in the true chronograph axial direction through the engaging portion.

  In the nulling mechanism of the chronograph pointer according to the present invention, there is provided a “pressing nulling means for pressing the spiral wall portion in the true axial direction of the spiral wall via the engaging portion engaging with the spiral wall portion”. Therefore, the pressing nulling means presses the spiral wall portion in the axial direction of the chronograph true at the engaging portion, and the chronograph true is rotated around the axial line by the pressing, and is attached to the chronograph true. The chronograph pointer is returned to zero. Unlike the heart cam, this chronograph pointer zeroing mechanism does not need to be struck and simply presses, so there is a risk of applying excessive force to the true rotation support part of the chronograph, that is, the tenon part and the tenon receiver. Less is. In addition, since the heart cam is not used in the nulling mechanism of the chronograph pointer, not only the rotation region of the heart cam but also the operation region occupied by the movable member for exerting an impact force to strike the heart cam can be minimized. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the area occupied by the nulling mechanism. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the planar shape and the planar shape of the timepiece including the nulling mechanism.

  As long as the spiral wall portion can move integrally with the chronograph true when pressed by the engaging portion of the pressing means, the spiral wall portion is formed separately from the chronograph true even if it is made of a single piece with the chronograph true. The chronograph may be fixed to the true. The spiral wall portion may be a spiral side surface facing the one end side or may be a spiral groove portion having an opposite side surface.

  In the chronograph pointer nulling mechanism of the present invention, typically, the pressing nulling means includes an engagement lever provided with the engagement portion and engaged with a helical wall portion by the engagement portion, and the engagement lever. A hammer having a pressing force applying portion that presses the combined lever.

  In this case, the portion other than the engaging portion of the engaging lever engaged with the helical wall portion by the engaging portion, for example, the engaging lever main body portion, may be pressed by the pressing force applying portion of the hammer lever. The pressing force can be easily and reliably applied. In addition, since the pushing force applying portion of the hammer lever only needs to be able to apply a true chronograph force to the main body portion and other parts of the engaging lever as a result, the pushing force applying portion of the hammer lever itself is not necessary. Even if the graph is displaced in the true axial direction, other types of displacement may be made as long as it has a displacement component in the true chronograph axial direction.

  In the nulling mechanism of the chronograph pointer of the present invention, typically, the engagement lever has an elongated flat plate-like engagement lever main body portion, and the engagement portion of the engagement lever is the engagement lever main body. It consists of a pin-like body with a circular cross section protruding from the part. In this case, not only can the axial force on the spiral inclined wall portion be reliably applied by the pin-like body, but also the force applied to the pin-like engaging portion can be applied to the body portion of the engaging lever. Easy to apply force.

  In the nulling mechanism of the chronograph pointer of the present invention, typically, the distal end portion of the engagement portion of the engagement lever is pressed radially inward with respect to the true outer peripheral surface of the chronograph. In this case, uneven rotation of the chronograph true is suppressed by the engagement lever, and uneven movement of the chronograph pointer attached to the chronograph true can also be suppressed by the engagement lever.

  In the nulling mechanism of the chronograph pointer of the present invention, typically, the engaging portion of the engaging lever is pressed against the spiral wall portion in the true extending direction of the chronograph. Also in this case, uneven rotation of the chronograph true can be suppressed by the engagement lever, and uneven movement of the chronograph pointer attached to the chronograph true can also be suppressed by the engagement lever. Therefore, the engaging portion of the engaging lever is pressed inward in the radial direction against the outer peripheral surface of the chronograph true and pressed in the extending direction of the chronograph true against the spiral wall portion. In this case, the rotation irregularity of the chronograph and the movement of the chronograph pointer can be further reduced.

  In the null mechanism of the chronograph pointer of the present invention, typically, the engaging portion is made of a stone having high hardness. In this case, the durability and reliability of the engaging portion where large stress is easily applied can be improved, and as a result, the durability and reliability of the nulling mechanism can be improved.

  In the chronograph pointer zeroing mechanism of the present invention, typically, the hammer is movable in a lever body extending surface that is substantially perpendicular to the true extending direction of the chronograph. It has a needle lever main body, and the pressing force applying portion of the hammer is extended in an oblique direction from the hammer main body to the lever main body extending surface.

  In this case, for example, by merely translating the main body of the hammer (the hammer lever main body) within the lever main body extending surface so as to be closely spaced from the chronograph true, Thus, a pressing force in the axial direction can be applied to the spiral inclined wall portion via the engaging portion of the engaging lever by the pressing force applying portion extending in the oblique direction.

  In the nulling mechanism of the chronograph pointer of the present invention, typically, the hammer is configured to be operated via a plurality of hammer transmissions that are rotated by pressing a reset button.

  In this case, simply by pressing the reset button, the hammer can perform a predetermined operation via a plurality of hammer transmissions. In this case, if desired, it can be combined with a conventional zeroing mechanism using a heart cam so that another chronograph pointer is zeroed by the heart cam.

  In the nulling mechanism of the chronograph pointer according to the present invention, typically, the hammer is branched into a plurality of branches, and at least one of the branches hits the heart cam, and another heart cam is provided. The chronograph is configured to null a true chronograph pointer.

  In this case, if desired, some nulling can be performed by the spiral wall portion according to the nulling mechanism of the present invention, and other nulling can be performed by the heart cam as usual.

  In the nulling mechanism of the chronograph pointer according to the present invention, typically, the spiral wall portion is one side wall of a spiral groove formed integrally with the chronograph.

  The chronograph timepiece of the present invention typically includes a chronograph pointer nulling mechanism as described above.

  In this case, it is possible to obtain a chronograph timepiece with reduced cost and occupied space and a minimum force applied to the tenon portion and the tenon receiving portion as compared with the conventional chronograph timepiece using the heart cam.

  A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described based on a preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.

  1 and 2 show a chronograph timepiece 2 having a chronograph pointer nulling mechanism 1 as a second chronograph pointer nulling mechanism as a nulling mechanism of a chronograph pointer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the main part of the chronograph pointer zeroing mechanism 1.

  As can be seen from FIG. 1, the chronograph timepiece 2 has an hour chronograph wheel 10, a minute chronograph wheel 20, and a second chronograph wheel 30, and also has a start / stop button 51, a reset button 52 and an operation cam 53.

  The hour chronograph wheel 10 includes an hour chronograph true 12, an hour heart cam 14 attached to the hour chronograph true 12, and an hour chronograph indicator (not shown). The minute chronograph wheel 20 includes a minute chronograph true 22, a minute heart cam 24 attached to the minute chronograph true 22, and a minute chronograph indicator (not shown).

  On the other hand, in addition to the plan view of FIG. 1, the second chronograph wheel 30 is enlarged in FIG. 2 showing the periphery of the second chronograph wheel 30 in a longitudinal section and the main part of the nulling mechanism 1 of the second chronograph wheel 30. As shown in FIG. 3 shown in a perspective view, in addition to the second chronograph true 31 and the second chronograph pointer (not shown) attached to the second chronograph true 31, the second chronograph true 31 is integrated. A spiral wall 32 is provided. In FIG. 2, 5 and 6 are a chronograph main plate and a chronograph receiver, 7 and 8 are an hour wheel and a minute wheel, and 33 is a second chronograph gear wheel.

  The spiral wall portion 32 extends spirally along the outer periphery of the second chronograph true 31 and has a side surface 34 facing one end of the second chronograph true 31 and an axis C at one end 35 of the spiral side surface 34. And an abutment locking surface 36 extending in parallel with each other. The spiral wall portion 32 may be a spiral groove portion having a spiral side surface 34 and a spiral side surface opposite to the spiral side surface 34. As long as the spiral wall portion 32 can provide a stationary spiral side surface 34 with respect to the second chronograph true 31, it may be formed separately from the second chronograph true 31 even if it is formed integrally with the second chronograph true 31. The graph true 31 may be attached and fixed.

  As can be seen from FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the engagement of the engagement lever 40 provided with the main body 41, the proximal end spring portion 42, and the engagement pin 43 as the distal end engagement portion is provided on the spiral wall portion 32. The mating pin 43 is engaged. The engagement pin 43 is preferably made of a stone or a ceramic material having a high hardness such as ruby from the viewpoint of durability, reliability, and the like. However, as long as there is sufficient hardness, it may consist of a metal or an alloy, and depending on the case, it may consist of a plastic material. The engagement lever 40 is attached to the chronograph base plate 5 so as to be rotatable by a pin 44 at the base end side end portion of the main body portion 41, and is a U-shaped end portion of the base end side spring portion 42. The graph base plate 5 is locked to the pin-like protrusion 5c. Accordingly, the engagement pin 43 on the distal end side of the engagement lever 40 is lightly pressed against the outer peripheral surface 37 of the chronograph true 31 by the spring force of the proximal end spring portion 42. This pressing force is typically in the range of 10 mN to 20 mN. Thereby, the rotation unevenness of the second chronograph true 31 can be suppressed, and the hand movement unevenness of the second chronograph pointer (not shown) can be suppressed. Note that the main body 41 of the engagement lever 40 is, for example, in the form of a leaf spring that can be somewhat elastically deformed in the thickness direction, and the second chronograph true 31 extends from the helical wall 32 at the engagement pin 43. It is lightly and elastically pressed against the current direction (thickness direction of the watch) F1. This elastic pressing can also suppress the rotation unevenness of the second chronograph true 31, and the hand movement unevenness of the second chronograph pointer (not shown). However, the engagement pin 43 of the engagement lever 40 may be pressed against the spiral wall portion 32 only when the arm portion 86 of the hammer 80 is pressed in the F1 direction. In that case, the engagement lever main body 41 may have rigidity that is not easily deformed in the thickness direction.

  On the main body portion 41 of the engaging lever 40 engaged with the helical wall portion 32 with the engaging pin 43, a hammer 80 that is displaced in the A1 and A2 directions as will be described later is an inclined tip of the arm portion 86. When the hammer 80 is displaced in the A1 direction, the arm portion 86 of the hammer 80 can be moved to the F1 direction by moving the main body 41 of the engaging lever 40 with the inclined tip pressing portion 87. The engagement pin 43 of the engagement lever 40 is pressed against the spiral side surface 34 of the spiral wall portion 32.

  When the pressing force in the F1 direction is applied to the main body 41 of the engaging lever 40 due to the displacement in the A direction of the inclined tip pressing portion 87 of the arm portion 86 of the hammer 80, a rotational torque in the C1 direction is applied to the second chronograph true 31. The second chronograph wheel 30 provided with the second chronograph true 31 rotates in the C1 direction. This rotational direction is a direction in which the second chronograph pointer (not shown) of the second chronograph wheel 30 returns to the original direction, that is, a zero return direction.

  In the above description, the presser zeroing means 3 includes the engagement lever 40 and the hammer lever 80.

  As can be seen from FIG. 1, first and second operation levers 54 and 56 are provided between the start / stop button 51 and the operation cam 53, and the operation cam 53, the hour chronograph wheel 10 and the minute chronograph wheel are provided. Between the operating cam 53 and the second chronograph wheel 30, there are provided first and second start / stop levers 62 and 64, a stop lever 66, and the like. ing.

  On the other hand, first and second hammer transmission levers 72 and 74 and a hammer 80 are provided in association with the reset button 52, and the hour heart cam 14 of the hour chronograph wheel 10 and the minute heart cam 24 of the minute chronograph wheel 20. In addition, the lever main body 41 of the engaging lever 40 for the second chronograph wheel 30 can be operated.

  When the start / stop button 51 is pressed to instruct the start of the chronograph operation, the operating cam 53 is rotated by one step via the first and second operating levers 54 and 56, and the first and second operating cams 53 are rotated by the rotation of the operating cam 53. The second chronograph wheel 30 and the hour and minute chronograph wheels 20 and 10 are allowed to rotate via the second start / stop levers 62 and 64 and the hour / minute start / stop lever 58. At this time, the second wall chronograph wheel 30 is elastically pressed lightly against the helical wall 32 and lightly pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the chronograph true 31 in accordance with the rotation of the second chronograph wheel 30 in the C2 direction. The engaging pin 43 is displaced in the thickness direction F <b> 2 so as to trace the spiral wall portion 32. When the engagement pin 43 reaches the end portion 38 of the spiral wall portion 32, it falls to the end portion 35 along the step surface 36 to allow continuous rotation of the second-counting wheel 30 in the C2 direction. .

  On the other hand, when the stop of the chronograph operation is instructed by pressing the start / stop button 51 again, the operation cam 53 is further rotated by one step via the first and second operation levers 54, 56, and the operation cam 53 is rotated. Accordingly, the rotation of the second chronograph wheel 30 and the hour and minute chronograph wheels 20 and 10 through the first and second start / stop levers 62 and 64 and the hour / minute start / stop lever 58 is stopped.

  Here, the mechanism for starting and stopping the chronograph operation as described above accompanying the pressing of the start / stop button 51 and the operation thereof may be the same as those shown in Patent Document 1, for example. Is exactly the same.

  When the reset button 52 is pressed, the first and second hammer transmission levers 72 and 74 are sequentially rotated in response to the pressing of the reset button 52, and the hammer 80 is translated in the A1 direction accordingly. .

  The hammer 80 is engaged with a groove 766 at the tip of the arm 75 of the second hammer transmission lever 74 by a pin 81, and the guide slot 82 and a guide slot extending in parallel with the guide slot 82 are provided. 83, the second hammer transmission lever 74 is rotated in the D1 direction when the reset button 52 is pressed in the B1 direction and is engaged with pins 5a and 5b protruding from the stationary support 5 such as a chronograph main plate. In response to the swing of the arm 75 of the second hammer transmission lever 74 in the E1 direction, the guide groove 82 and the guide hole 83 are displaced in the A1 direction along the extending direction. Note that the pin 5b may include a flange-like locking portion that suppresses displacement of the peripheral wall of the guide hole 83 of the hammer 80 in the F2 direction.

  The hammer 80 is provided with three arm portions 84, 85, 86 integral with the main body portion 83 in addition to the main body portion 83 having the guide groove 82. The arm portion 84 hits the hour heart cam 14 with a tip portion 84a that acts as a hammer for hour hammer when displacing in the A1 direction, and the arm portion 85 is a minute heart cam with a tip portion 85a that acts as a hammer portion for minute hand when displaced in the A1 direction. By hitting 24, the hour chronograph wheel 10 and the minute chronograph wheel 20 are returned to zero.

  On the other hand, when the arm portion 86 is displaced in the A1 direction, the main body portion 41 of the engaging lever 40 is moved in the thickness direction F1 of the timepiece 1 by a pressing portion 87 that obliquely extends at the tip as a second hammer portion (see FIG. 2 and the like). Until the engagement pin 43 of the engagement lever 40 contacts the terminal side surface 36 of the spiral wall portion 32, the second-counting wheel 30 is rotated in the C1 direction, and the engagement pin 43 and the side surface 36 are The nulling is completed when the contact is achieved.

  Here, the zero return mechanism 1 of the second chronograph wheel 30 has no heart cam, and the chronograph wheel is connected to the hammer transmission levers 72 and 74 connected to the hammer transmission levers 72 and 74 as in the case of using the heart cam. Thirty nulls can be performed.

  Therefore, in the chronograph wheel nulling mechanism 1 and the chronograph timepiece 2 having the nulling mechanism 1, not only can the cost be minimized by minimizing the use of the heart cam, but also the second chronograph. Since the force for returning the vehicle 30 to the zero can be minimized, the possibility that an excessive force is applied to the tenon portion of the second chronograph true 31 and its tenon receiving portion can be minimized.

  In other words, in the nulling mechanism 1 of the chronograph pointer, the pressing nulling that presses the spiral wall portion 32 in the axial direction F1 of the chronograph true 31 via the engaging portion 43 engaged with the spiral wall portion 32. Since the engaging lever 40 and the hammer 80 are provided as the means 3, the engaging lever 40 of the pressing and returning means 3 moves the helical wall 32 by the engaging portion 43 in the axial direction of the chronograph true 31. Pressing F1, the chronograph true 31 is rotated around the axis C in the C1 direction, and a chronograph pointer (not shown) attached to the chronograph true 31 is returned to zero. Unlike the case of the heart cam, 1 in this chronograph pointer zeroing mechanism does not need to be struck and only needs to be pressed. Therefore, excessive force is applied to the rotation support portion of the chronograph true 31, that is, the tenon portion and the tenon portion. There is little possibility of this. In addition, since the chronograph pointer nulling mechanism 1 does not use a heart cam, not only the rotation area of the heart cam but also the operation area occupied by the movable member for exerting an impact force to strike the heart cam is minimized. Therefore, the occupation area of the nulling mechanism 1 can be minimized. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the planar shape and the planar shape of the timepiece 2 including the nulling mechanism 1.

  In the above, the portions other than the inclined tip portion 87 of the arm portion 86 of the hammer 80 and the engaging lever 40 and the spiral wall portion 32 of the second chronograph wheel 30 can be the same as the nulling mechanism of Patent Document 1. This is exactly the same in this example. However, in this nulling mechanism 1, it is only necessary to press the helical wall 32 or the like in the thickness direction F <b> 1 by the engaging lever 40 or the like according to the pressing of the reset button 52, so a hammer for hitting the heart cam is used. It may be a combination of levers that is more compact than when operating.

  In this chronograph timepiece 2, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the portion where the second heart cam has been used is replaced with the engaging lever 40 and the spiral wall portion 32 as it is, and the hammer 80 Although an example in which the arm portion hitting the second heart cam is replaced with the arm portion 86 that pushes down the engagement lever 40 has been described, the hour heart cam 14 of the hour chronograph wheel 10 and the minute heart cam 24 of the minute chronograph wheel 10 are also returned to this value. A nulling mechanism similar to mechanism 1 can be substituted. In that case, as long as the B1 direction pushing movement of the reset switch 52 can be converted into the A1 direction displacement of the hammer 80, the hammer transmission levers 72, 74 and the like can be replaced with other structures. As long as the main body 41 of the engagement lever 40 can be pressed in the F1 direction in response to the B1 direction pressing of the reset switch 52, the hammer 80 can be replaced with another structure. In the nulling mechanism 1 of the chronograph timepiece 2, since it is not necessary to apply a large impact force such as hitting the heart cam for nulling, the structure of the displacement mechanism that connects the reset switch 52 and the engaging lever 40 is simplified. It is possible to minimize the occupied space for ensuring the operation and minimize the planar size or planar shape.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a chronograph timepiece according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention having a second chronograph pointer nulling mechanism as a chronograph pointer nulling mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Sectional explanatory drawing of the second chronograph pointer zeroing mechanism and its peripheral part among the chronograph timepieces of FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective explanatory view of a second chronograph hand returning mechanism in the chronograph timepiece of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 second chronograph pointer return mechanism (returning mechanism of chronograph pointer)
2 Chronograph clock 3 Pressing and zeroing means 5 Chronograph base plate 6 Chronograph receiver 7 Cylinder 8 Minute car 10 Hour chronograph wheel 12 hour chronograph true 14 hour heart cam 20 minute chronograph wheel 22 minute chronograph true 24 minute heart cam 30 Second chronograph wheel 31 Second chronograph true 32 Spiral wall portion 33 Second chronograph gear 34 (spiral) side surface 35 Terminal portion 36 Contact locking surface 37 Outer peripheral surface 40 Engagement lever 41 Main body portion 42 Base end side spring portion 43 Engagement pin 44 Pin 51 Start / stop button (start / stop switch)
52 Reset button (Reset switch)
53 Actuating cams 54, 56 Actuating lever 58 Hour-minute start / stop levers 62, 64 Start / stop lever 66 Stop levers 72, 74 Returning lever transmission lever 75 Arm 76 Slot 80 Returning lever 81 Pin 82 Guide groove 83 Guide slot 84 , 85, 86 Arm portion 87 Inclined tip holding portion A, A1, A2 Translation direction B1 Pressing direction C1 Zero-turn rotation direction D2 Rotating direction E1 Swing direction F1 Pressing direction

Claims (11)

A spiral wall formed integrally with the chronograph to which the chronograph pointer is attached;
A zeroing mechanism for a chronograph pointer having pressing nulling means for pressing the spiral wall portion in the chronograph true axial direction through an engaging portion that engages with the spiral wall portion. The pressing zeroing means includes an engaging lever that includes the engaging portion and is engaged with the helical wall portion by the engaging portion, and a hammer lever that includes a pressing force applying portion that presses the engaging lever. 2. A nulling mechanism for a chronograph pointer according to claim 1. The said engaging lever has an elongate flat plate-shaped engaging lever main-body part, and the said engaging part of an engaging lever consists of a pin-shaped body with a circular cross section which protruded from this engaging lever main-body part. Zeroing mechanism for chronograph hands. 4. The nulling mechanism according to claim 2, wherein a distal end portion of the engagement portion of the engagement lever is pressed radially inward with respect to the true outer peripheral surface of the chronograph. The nulling mechanism according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the engaging portion of the engaging lever is pressed against the helical wall portion in the true chronograph extending direction. The nulling mechanism according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the engaging portion is made of a stone having high hardness. The hammer has a hammer main body movable in a lever body extending surface that is substantially perpendicular to the true extension direction of the chronograph, and the pressing force applying portion of the hammer is The chronograph pointer nulling mechanism according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the chronograph pointer extends from the hammer main body in an oblique direction with respect to the extending surface of the lever main body. The chronograph pointer nulling mechanism according to claim 7, wherein the hammer is operated via a plurality of hammer transmissions that are rotated by pressing a reset button. Claims wherein the hammer is branched into a plurality of branches and at least one of the branches is configured to strike a heart cam to nullify another chronograph true chronograph pointer with the heart cam Item 9. A nulling mechanism for a chronograph pointer according to any one of items 2 to 8. 10. The chronograph pointer nulling mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the spiral wall portion is one side wall of a spiral groove formed integrally with the chronograph. A chronograph timepiece provided with the nulling mechanism of a chronograph pointer according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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