JP2009183847A - Filtration apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a filtration apparatus capable of preventing the mutual contact of hollow fibers arranged densely in an X-direction and a Y-direction. <P>SOLUTION: In the filtration apparatus, the direction, where hollow fibers double-folded into a U-shape and juxtaposedly arranged, is defined as the X-direction, the direction orthogonal the X-direction is defined as the Y-direction. The hollow fiber group juxtaposed in the X-direction is disposed in the Y-direction orthogonal thereto with spaces, and are dipped into treating liquid containing suspended components in a treating tank, and opening ends of upper ends of both sides of the respective hollow fibers are fixed to fixing members and communicated with a water collection header, while a gas jetting means is disposed under the folded hollow fiber group. The filtration apparatus is provided with rectangular or circular folding rods extended to the X-direction, and the hollow fibers are folded along the outer faces of the folding rods into U-shapes. Any one of, or both of the first space-keeping means keeping the spaces in the Y-direction, and second space-keeping means providing spaces between both sides of the folded hollow fibers adjacent to the X-direction, are provided integrally with, or separately from the folding rods, at the upper side of the hollow fibers bent by the folding rods. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an immersion type suction or external pressure type filtration device in which a large number of parallel hollow fibers are immersed in a liquid to be treated containing suspended components, and the liquid to be treated is subjected to solid-liquid separation to permeate the liquid. It is about.

As a membrane module for a membrane separation type water purification apparatus using a plurality of hollow fibers of this type, the present applicant has provided JP 2007-203254 A (Patent Document 1).
As shown in FIG. 16 (A), the membrane module has a large number of hollow fibers 1 bent into a U shape and juxtaposed, and both ends on both sides are fixed to the fixing portion 2 serving as a concentration header with filtered clean water. Are suspended in the filtration tank 3. Further, the air diffusion tube 4 is inserted as a holding member at the lower end of the bent side of the hollow fiber 1, and air is injected from the air diffusion tube 4 toward the gap of the hollow fiber 1 to generate bubbling, thereby generating the surface of the hollow fiber 1. Dirt and clogging of the hollow fiber 1 are reduced.

  Furthermore, in this type of filtration device, as shown in FIG. 16B also disclosed in Patent Document 1, if a row in which a large number of hollow fibers 1 are arranged in parallel is defined as the X direction, the row in the X direction is defined as Y. A large number of sets are arranged in parallel to the direction, and a large number of hollow fibers 1 are arranged in the X-Y direction in one filtration tank to enhance the filtration capacity.

JP 2007-203254 A

In the membrane module of Patent Document 1, by using one hollow fiber 1 bent in a U shape, both ends of each hollow fiber 1 can be attached to one water collecting header. Since both ends of 1 need not be fixed, there is an advantage that the structure is simplified.
However, each hollow fiber 1 has only the upper end fixed, and the lower end has a diffuser tube 4 arranged on the inner periphery as a support material, and the lower end bent portion of the hollow fiber 1 is simply wrapped around the outer periphery of the diffuser tube 4. Since both the upper and lower ends are not fixed, there is no function of holding each hollow fiber in a straight line in the vertical direction.
Therefore, the suspended component gradually accumulates on the upper surface of the air diffuser as usage progresses, and when the suspended component accumulates, both sides of the folded hollow fiber spread in a direction away from each other, leaving a gap. The gap between the side portions of the adjacent hollow fibers arranged in this manner becomes narrower, and may eventually come into contact with each other. When the gap between adjacent hollow fibers is minute or eliminated in this way, it becomes difficult for water to enter the hollow fibers, and the filtration performance decreases.
Moreover, the hollow fiber 1 having flexibility is easily shaken and bent in the processing liquid due to the flow of the liquid to be processed and bubbling from below, and easily opens to both sides from the lower end bent portion.

As described above, the hollow fibers 1 are closely arranged in the X direction and also arranged in the Y direction, and in order to increase the arrangement density of the hollow fibers in the filtration tank, Is also getting smaller. Accordingly, the hollow fiber 1A whose lower end is not fixed is bent or shaken, and as shown in FIG. 17 (A), both sides are opened from the lower end bent part, and the hollow fiber 1A adjacent in the Y direction is adjacent. And 1B come into contact with each other and the gap C1 is likely to disappear. When this gap C1 is eliminated, the bubbling air from the liquid to be treated and the air diffuser cannot flow between the hollow fibers 1 adjacent in the Y direction, and the filtration performance decreases.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 17 (B), the hollow fibers 1 closely arranged in parallel in the X direction may come into contact with each other by shaking or bending, and the gap C2 may be eliminated. The bubbling air cannot flow between the hollow fibers 1 adjacent in the X direction, and the filtration performance decreases.

  The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problem. In a filtration device in which the lower end of a flexible hollow fiber is bent into two U-shapes and the upper ends on both sides thereof are fixed with a water collecting header, the lower end is bent. To prevent or reduce gaps from opening on both sides and coming into contact with hollow fibers adjacent in the Y direction, or eliminating gaps in contact with adjacent hollow fibers in the X direction that are closely parallel Is an issue.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has a direction in which hollow fibers folded in a U-shape are arranged in parallel as an X direction, a direction orthogonal to the X direction as a Y direction, and a group of hollow fibers arranged in parallel in the X direction is orthogonal. Drained in a liquid to be treated containing suspended components in the treatment tank with an interval in the Y direction, and the open ends at the upper ends on both sides of each hollow fiber are fixed to a fixing member, and the water collecting header In the filtration device in which the gas injection means is disposed below the folded hollow fiber group, while communicating with
Comprising a rectangular or circular folding rod extending in the X direction, folding the hollow fiber along the outer surface of the folding rod and bending it into a U-shape;
On the upper side of the hollow fiber bent by the folding rod, the first spacing holding means for holding the spacing in the Y direction and the second spacing that opens a gap between both sides of the folded hollow fiber adjacent to the X direction. There is provided a filtration device characterized in that either one of the holding means or both means is provided integrally with the folding rod or separately from the folding rod.

In the present specification, the axial direction of the folding rod is defined as “X direction”, the parallel direction of the folding rod is defined as “Y direction” in the direction orthogonal to the X direction, and the hollow fiber parallel to the folding rod in the X direction is Between the hollow fibers arranged in parallel at 0 mm to 5 mm and arranged in the Y direction, a gap of about 0.5 mm to 5 mm is formed between the side portions of the adjacent hollow fibers.
As described above, when the first gap holding means for holding the gap in the Y direction is provided, the opening of the hollow fiber adjacent in the Y direction is forcibly prevented, and the liquid to be treated and the bubbling air are interposed between the hollow fibers in the Y direction. It is possible to secure a gap serving as a passage.
In addition, when a second interval holding means is provided that opens a gap between the folded portions of the hollow fibers adjacent in the X direction, the hollow fibers adjacent to each other in the X direction that are wound around the folded rod and arranged side by side are bent or shaken. It is possible to prevent contact, and to secure a gap serving as a passage for the liquid to be processed and bubbling air between the hollow fibers in the X direction.
Thus, since the hollow fibers adjacent to each other in the Y direction and the X direction can be prevented from contacting each other and blocking the passage of the liquid to be treated and the bubbling air, it is possible to suppress a decrease in filtration performance even in a long-term operation. .

Further, in Patent Document 1, a hollow fiber holding material is formed by folding a diffuser tube in half. However, in the present invention, a folding rod is provided, and the folding rod is folded in two and sandwiched between both side portions. It is arranged to penetrate through the central space.
With this configuration, the gas can be diffused to the bent portion at the lower end of the hollow fiber by a gas injection means such as an air diffuser arranged below the folding rod.

The first gap holding means for holding the gap in the Y direction is made of a wire material or an elongated plate material that is separate from the folding rod, and is disposed on the upper side of the folding rod so that both sides of the U-shape of the hollow fiber group The part is sandwiched from the outside.
That is, a hollow fiber that is wound around a folding rod and folded in a U shape is likely to spread in the direction in which both sides separate from each other with the lower end bent portion as a fulcrum, so the first interval holding made of the wire or plate material on the upper side of the folding rod By providing the means, it is possible to effectively prevent the both sides of the hollow fiber from spreading and to secure a gap between the adjacent hollow fibers.

For example, the first interval holding means includes an X-direction portion extending along the outer surface on both sides of the X-direction hollow fiber group and protruding from a connecting portion on one end side with an interval in the Y-direction. The other end side is connected with a string or a wire to close the opening.
The first interval holding means is not limited to the shape described above, and may have a meandering shape provided continuously with the X-direction portion and the Y-direction portion. A plurality of pairs of rods along both sides of the hollow fiber may be projected.

  The second interval holding means for forming a gap between the hollow fibers adjacent in the X direction is configured to incline upward the hollow fibers adjacent to each other in the upper portion of the folding rod alternately at different angles. The interval between the hollow fibers wound around the outer periphery of the folding rod is about 0 mm to 5 mm, and the hollow fibers adjacent to each other in the X direction are formed on both sides even if the adjacent hollow fibers wound around the folding rod are brought into contact with each other at 0 mm. A gap is ensured between the two side portions by the second interval holding means. The second spacing holding means is hollow by making the extending direction of both sides extending upward from the lower end wound around the folding rod not bent in the same direction, but in the right inclined direction and the left inclined direction. Even if the yarn bends or swings in the X direction, contact with the adjacent hollow yarn can be prevented or reduced.

As the second spacing holding means, for example, a right inclined holding rod and a left inclined holding rod which are alternately passed through hollow fibers adjacent in the X direction on the upper side of the folding rod are provided, and the right inclined holding rod is The left inclined holding rod is positioned on the left outer side from the left side surface of the folding rod.
The hollow fiber in which the right inclined holding rod is penetrated between the both sides of the hollow fiber is inclined to the right and extended upward, and the hollow fiber in which the left inclined holding rod is penetrated between the both sides of the hollow portion is inclined to the left. Extend upwards,
The hollow fibers arranged in parallel in the X direction are alternately changed in the inclination direction to maintain the distance between both side portions of adjacent hollow fibers.

  With this configuration, it is possible to prevent the hollow fibers adjacent in the X direction from contacting each other with a simple configuration in which the two right and left inclined holding rods are passed through each row in the X direction. The first and second rods may be resin rods or wires.

Or as said 2nd space | interval holding | maintenance means, the shape of the said return rod is a zigzag shape which provided the right inclination part and the left inclination part of the width corresponding to the thickness of one said hollow fiber alternately along the X direction. The hollow fibers arranged in parallel in the X direction are alternately changed in the inclination direction to maintain the distance between both side portions of the adjacent hollow fibers.
The zigzag folding rod may be separated from the folding rod and fixed to the upper surface of the prismatic folding rod.
Further, it is preferable to combine the zigzag folding rod and the left and right inclined holding rod, but they may be provided independently.

Furthermore, the lower end bent portion of the hollow fiber supported by the return rod as the second spacing holding means is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the return rod in the inclination direction, and the inclination directions of the adjacent hollow fibers are alternately inclined to the right. The positioning may be performed in the left inclined direction.
Furthermore, the upper ends of the both side portions of the hollow fiber may be fixed while being inclined with respect to the fixing member, and the inclination directions of the adjacent hollow fibers may be alternately positioned in the right inclination direction and the left inclination direction.

The folding rod that wraps the lower ends of the hollow fibers arranged side by side in the X direction may have different vertical heights between the folding rods adjacent in the Y direction.
With this configuration, even if the suspended component is deposited on the upper part of the rod and the hollow fibers on both sides expand, the expansion positions of the hollow fibers at adjacent positions are different, so there is no gap between adjacent hollow fibers, Contact can be prevented.

The hollow fiber group provided in parallel in the X direction has 2 to 8, preferably 3 to 6 hollow fibers arranged as a group without gaps, and a necessary gap is provided between the groups. Is preferred.
That is, it is preferable to arrange the hollow fibers densely in order to improve the filtration performance. However, it is necessary to ensure the passage of the gas to be injected and to shake each hollow fiber reliably so that a liquid flow is created on the surface of each hollow fiber. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a space where the suspended components adhering to the membrane surface of the hollow fiber can be peeled and removed. Therefore, it is preferable that about 2 to 8 hollow fibers are arranged in parallel as a single block with a relatively small gap, and a gap of 2.0 to 10 mm is provided so as to ensure a large gas passage between the blocks. .

It is preferable that a lateral slip prevention rib protrudes downward from the lower surface of the folding rod at an interval corresponding to the group.
Or it is good also as a structure provided with the slip prevention board which provided the gap | interval by the thickness of the hollow fiber below the said folding | returning rod, and provided the lateral slip prevention rib upwardly by the space | interval corresponding to the said group.

  The gas injection means is disposed below the return rod and injects gas toward the upper end of the hollow fiber. In the present invention, a gap is forcibly secured between the hollow fibers parallel to the Y direction and the X direction. Therefore, bubbling can be generated by reliably flowing along the membrane surface of each hollow fiber through the gap. Therefore, the suspended component on the surface of the hollow fiber can be efficiently peeled and removed, and the cost required for gas injection can be suppressed. It is preferable that the gas injection means is provided below about 100 mm to 500 mm from the folding rod.

  As the gas to be introduced for cleaning, air is used, and the pressure of the air is preferably in the range of 10 to 70 kPa, more preferably 20 to 50 kPa. The compressed air may be supplied using a blower or a compressor. However, since the air pressure of the compressor is too strong and the blower is advantageous in terms of cost, the blower is preferably used.

The hollow fiber used in the present invention is preferably made of a fluororesin containing a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) porous material. You may form with the fluorine resin containing porous materials, such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride). In particular, it is preferably composed of expanded PTFE. By using expanded PTFE, it is stable to acids, alkalis, oxidizing / reducing agents, and solvents, and the suspended components adhere due to the excellent non-adhesiveness of the material. Not only can it be made difficult to perform, but it is also excellent in flexibility, so it is suitable for processing that is folded in two.
In particular, by setting the tensile strength of the hollow fiber to 30 N or more and applying a strong tensile strength, the hollow fiber can sufficiently withstand the intense vibration caused by the flow of pressurized air due to bubbling and the flow of the liquid to be treated, and the hollow fiber can bend and Does not cause damage. A PTFE membrane is also desirable to realize this.
The material of the hollow fiber is not limited to the above, but a polysulfone resin, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose derivative, polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyamide, polyester, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, porous alumina, What consists of various materials, such as ceramics, such as porous silicon nitride, can be used. In addition, a copolymer of these resins, a resin in which a substituent is introduced, or a resin in which two or more kinds of resins are mixed may be used. Further, various composites such as other polymer immobilization, substituent introduction, and metal plating may be used.

The hollow fiber has an inner diameter of 0.3 to 12 mm, an outer diameter of 0.8 to 14 mm, an ultrafine pore diameter of 10 nm to 1000 nm, a film thickness of 0.2 to 1 mm, a porosity of 50 to 90%, and a transmembrane differential pressure of 0.1 to 0.1 mm. It is preferable to have a pressure resistance of 1.0 MPa.
When the hollow fiber described above is used, it can be applied to filtration of a liquid to be treated containing various suspended components.

As described above, the hollow fibers wound around the outer periphery of the folding rod arranged in the X direction and folded in two in a U-shape are closely arranged in the X direction, and the rows are also arranged in parallel in the Y direction. In the filtration device of the present invention fixing the upper end of the hollow fiber group densely arranged in the XY direction,
By providing a first gap holding means for holding the gap between the hollow fibers in the Y direction and a second gap holding means for holding the gap between the hollow fibers in the X direction, both sides from the bent portion of the lower end of each hollow fiber It can suppress that a part expands and can reduce or prevent a contact with the adjacent hollow fiber.
Therefore, the passage of the liquid to be treated due to the contact can be reduced, and the passage of the bubbling air injected from below is not blocked. The occurrence of clogging can be reduced. As a result, the filter device can be operated for a long time.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 6 show a first embodiment of a filtration device according to the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the entire filtration apparatus uses a plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 10 (10 </ b> A, 10 </ b> B, 10 </ b> C) suspended and immersed in the immersion tank 3 containing the liquid Q to be treated. . In this embodiment, it immerses in the activated sludge tank which consists of sewage treated water, and shall perform the filtration process by a membrane separation activated sludge method. In FIG. 1, three hollow fiber membrane modules are shown in a simplified manner, but the number of hollow fiber membrane modules is not limited to three and may be plural.
The three hollow fiber membrane modules 10 are connected to the water collecting pipe 6 in parallel at a necessary interval.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the basic configuration of each hollow fiber membrane module 10 is formed by folding a plurality of (945 in this embodiment) hollow fibers 11 into two U-shapes, The lower end bent portion 11a is supported through a folding rod 12 installed in the X direction on the inner periphery of the lower end bent portion 11a. The parallel hollow fibers 11 supported by the return rod 12 are arranged in an interdigital manner with an interval L1 in the X direction. The rows in the X direction are arranged in parallel at intervals in the Y direction, and a large number of hollow fibers 11 are arranged in the XY direction to form one module.

Both ends of the folding rod 12 extending in the X direction and arranged at the same pitch with an interval L2 in the Y direction are fixed to a holding frame 14 made of a rectangular frame.
The upper ends of both side portions 11b and 11c of each hollow fiber 11 are fixed to the resin fixing member 9 and held by the fixing member 9, and both end openings at the upper end of each hollow fiber 11 are water collecting. The header 16 is communicated with the interior of the header 16, and the water collection header 16 is communicated with the connection pipe 16 a of the water collection pipe 6.

Through the openings 14a provided on the opposite side surfaces of the holding frame 14 for fixing the folding rod 12, the air diffusion pipe 17 serving as the gas injection means is penetrated, and the air is directed upward from the injection port 17a provided on the upper surface of the air diffusion pipe 17. Is sprayed on. That is, the holding frame 14 functions as a skirt portion for injecting air intensively toward the hollow fiber 11 side. The air diffusion pipe 17 is connected to the air introduction header 18 and connected to the blower 19 through the air introduction pipe to introduce 20 to 50 kPa of pressurized air.
In addition, in order to increase the water permeation area and increase the flow velocity, the holding frame 14 may be provided with a notch 14b as shown in FIG.

Each hollow fiber membrane module 10 of the present embodiment includes first interval holding means for holding the interval L2 between the hollow fibers 11 arranged in parallel in the Y direction.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the first interval holding means is a first rod portion that is held by the return rod 12 and is attached to the outer surfaces of both side portions 11 b and 11 c of the hollow fiber 11 aligned in the X direction. It has a connecting member 20c for connecting one end of the first and second rod portions 20a, 20b, and a fixing member 20 formed of a U-shaped wire in plan view. The fixing member 20 is attached to a position above the folding rod 12 for each row in the X direction (every five rows in FIG. 4).
By pressing the both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 with the first and second rod portions 20a and 20b of the fixing member 20, the both side portions 11b and 11c are opened, and the side of the hollow fiber 11 adjacent in the Y direction. It is made not to contact the parts 11b and 11c.

  Each fixing member 20 is attached so as to sandwich both side portions 11b, 11c of the hollow fiber 11 from the hollow fiber 11-1 side located at one end of the X direction row, and the hollow fiber 11- where the connecting portion 20c is located at one end. 1, the opening at the tip of the first and second rod portions 20 a and 20 b reaches the hollow fiber 11-2 located at the other end of the X-direction row. As shown in FIG. 4A, the distal end openings of the first and second rod portions 20a and 20b are formed by connecting the distal ends of the first and second rod portions 20a and 20b of the fixing member 20 adjacent in the Y direction. Are connected by a connecting material 21 made of

Furthermore, at the center position in the length direction of the fixing member 20 extending in the X direction, as shown in FIGS. 4C and 4D, the fixing member 20 extends in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the fixing member 20 (Y direction). The existing intermediate fixing material 22 is stretched over the fixing material 20 arranged in parallel in the Y direction, and the position of the fixing material 20 from the folding rod 12 is maintained. In the present embodiment, the intermediate fixing member 22 is provided at the center position in the length direction of the fixing member 20, but may not be at the center position, and a plurality of intermediate fixing members 22 may be provided.
The intermediate fixing member 22 is made of a wire or a resin plate in which one ends of the upper bar portion 22a and the lower bar portion 22b are connected by a connecting portion 22c, and has a shape obtained by rotating the fixing material 20 by 90 degrees. The lower bar portion 22b is positioned so as to span the lower end of the folding rod 12 arranged in parallel in the Y direction, while the upper bar portion 22a is positioned on the upper surface side of the first and second rod portions 20a, 20b of the fixing member 20, The connecting portion 22c is positioned on the folding rod 12-1 side on one end side in the Y direction. The upper and lower bar portions 22a and 22b protruding from the folding rod 12-2 on the other end side in the Y direction are connected by a connecting member 23 made of a wire so that the upper and lower rod portions 22a and 22b of the intermediate fixing member 22 are not opened. Yes.

  By providing the fixing member 20 and the intermediate fixing member 22 as the first interval holding member that holds the gap L2 in the Y direction, the hollow fiber 11 is supported by the folding rod 12 as shown in FIG. It is possible to restrict the side portions 11b and 11c from spreading to the left and right sides from the lower bent portion 11a. Therefore, contact between the hollow fibers 11 adjacent in the Y direction can be prevented, and the flow of the liquid to be processed and the bubbling air due to the contact can be prevented from being blocked.

The hollow fiber 11 used in the present embodiment is formed from a porous material of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). Since the porous material made of PTFE has flexibility and excellent strength, even if it is folded in half with the folding rod 12, it is not damaged.
Specifically, the hollow fiber 10 has an inner diameter of 0.3 to 12 mm, an outer diameter of 0.8 to 14 mm, a film thickness of 0.2 to 1.0 mm, an effective length of about 200 to 3000 mm, and an ultrafine pore diameter. Of 10 to 1000 nm, porosity of 50 to 80%, tensile strength of 30 N or more, and transmembrane differential pressure of 0.1 to 1.0 MPa are used.

The first gap holding means for holding the gap L2 in the Y direction is not limited to the fixing material 20 and the intermediate fixing material 22, and may be configured as shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C, for example.
In FIG. 6 (A), the fixing member 20 is formed by a first rod portion 20A and a second rod portion 20B made of a pair of linear long resin plates corresponding to the first and second rod portions. Yes. Locking rings 20d are provided at both ends of the pair of first and second rod portions 20A, 20B, and are respectively locked to hooks 26 protruding from the inner surface of the holding frame 14.
In FIG. 6B, the fixing material 20 is not provided for each X row, but is formed in a meandering shape so as to follow the X rows adjacent in the Y direction after being arranged along one X row. . The fixing member 20 is formed by bending a wire as in the first embodiment.
In FIG. 6C, the fixing material 20 is a comb-shaped resin molded product, and a pair of first and second rod portions 20a and 20b project from a connecting portion 20h extending in the Y direction. 1. A set of first and second rod portions 20a and 20b is provided so as to correspond to the number and interval of folding rods arranged in the Y direction.
In any shape, the first and second rod portions are located on the outer surfaces of both side portions 11 b and 11 c of the hollow fiber 11.

FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment.
In the second embodiment, the installation height of the folding rod 12 is alternately changed in the Y direction.
That is, the installation height of the first row, the third row to the odd-numbered folding rods 12-L is low, and the second row, the fourth row to the even-numbered folding rods 12-H are installed. Is high.
This difference in height makes the position of the upper folding rod 12-H higher than the position where both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 are opened by the deposit M deposited on the upper surface of the lower folding rod 12-L. ing.

  As described above, by providing a height difference in the arrangement height of the folding rod 12 arranged in parallel in the Y direction, both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 in which the lower end bent portion 11a is positioned below are adjacent to each other in the Y direction. Contact with both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 can be prevented.

In order to prevent the opening of both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 supported by the folding rod 12-H disposed above, the first and the first above the folding rod 12-H as in the first embodiment. A fixing member 20 having two rod portions 20a and 20b is disposed.
As a result, both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 supported by the folding rod 12-H come into contact with both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 supported by the folding rod 12-L adjacent in the Y direction. Can be prevented.

8 and 9 show a third embodiment.
The filtration device according to the third embodiment includes second interval holding means that supports the lower end bent portion 11a with the return rod 30 and holds the intervals at which the side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fibers 11 arranged in parallel in the X direction do not contact each other. ing.

In the first and second embodiments, the folding rod has a round bar shape. However, in the third embodiment, the shape shown in FIG. 8 is changed and a slip prevention plate 40 disposed below the folding rod 12 is disposed. ing.
Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the first interval holding means for holding the interval L2 in the Y direction is provided. However, the first interval holding means is different from that shown in FIG. You may have done.

The folding rod 30 is made of a resin rod having a substantially rectangular cross section, and, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, on the right side surface 30a and the left side surface 30b along the length direction along the X direction, The right inclined part 30c and the left inclined part 30d which incline toward the upper end from the lower end of each side surface 30a, 30b are alternately provided in the length direction.
In the right inclined portion 30c, the right side surface 30a protrudes and the left side surface 30b is recessed, while in the left inclined portion 30d, the right side surface 30a is recessed and the left side surface 30b protrudes. That is, the right side surface 30a and the left side surface 30b have a zigzag shape with irregularities alternately along the length direction.
The alternately inclined right inclined portions 30 c and left inclined portions 30 d have the same width W, and the width W corresponds to the thickness of one hollow fiber 11.

By providing the return rod 30 with the right inclined portion 30c and the left inclined portion 30d alternately along the length direction, the hollow fiber 11 is located above the lower end bent portion 11a along the outer periphery of the lower end surface 30f of the return rod 30. As shown in FIG. 8 (C), both side portions 11b and 11c extending to the right extend upward as shown in FIG. 8C at the position of the right inclined portion 30a. The hollow fiber 11-L adjacent to the right-inclined hollow fiber 11-R is located in the left inclined portion 30d, and is inclined leftward and extends upward.
Thus, both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11-R adjacent in the X direction extend in the opposite direction without being linearly aligned with the both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11-L in the X direction, An angle θ is provided between the right side portion 11b of the adjacent hollow fiber 11-R and the left side portion 11c of the hollow fiber 11-L. Thus, the space | interval which does not mutually contact is hold | maintained between the both sides 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 adjacent to a X direction by leaving | separating angle (theta).
With the above configuration, even when the hollow fiber 11 is bent in the X direction or is shaken by the bubbling air from the air diffuser, contact with the side surfaces 11b and 11c of the adjacent hollow fiber 11 can be prevented.

Further, three to six right inclined portions 30c and left inclined portions 30d provided alternately in the length direction of the folding rod 30 are provided, and then a non-inclined portion 30g having the same width W is provided. The left and right side surfaces of the non-inclined portion 30g are protruded in a right angle direction from the left and right ends of the lower end surface 30f.
In the present embodiment, the number of left and right inclined portions 30c and 30d is four, and the non-inclined portion 30g is provided after the two right inclined portions 30c and the left inclined portion 30d are continuously provided.
That is, after a group of four hollow fibers 11 are densely arranged in the X direction, a gap for one hollow fiber 11 is opened by the non-inclined portion 30g, and the hollow fibers 11 are aligned with the folding rod 30. I support it.
A gap is provided in the X direction at the position of the non-inclined portion 30g, and the gap is used as a bubbling air passage.

Further, as described above, the shift prevention plate 40 disposed below the folding rod 30 is disposed below the folding rod 30. The slip prevention plate 40 is formed of a resin molded product in which ribs 40b protrude from the upper surface of a strip-shaped flat plate 40a along the lower end surface 30f of the folding rod 30.
As shown in FIG. 9, the flat plate 40 a of the slip prevention plate 40 is disposed with a gap corresponding to the thickness of approximately one hollow fiber 11 from the lower end surface 30 f of the folding rod 30. The lower end bent portion 11a of the hollow fiber 11 is set to be inserted between the end face 30f and the flat plate 40a of the slip prevention plate 40.
The rib 40b protruding from the upper surface of the flat plate 40a protrudes at a position corresponding to the non-inclined portion 30g of the folding rod 30, and the upper end of the rib 40b extends to the lower end surface 30f of the folding rod 30. It makes contact.

By sandwiching a group (four hollow fibers in this embodiment) closely arranged in parallel with ribs 40b on both sides by ribs 40b protruding from the misalignment prevention plate 40 with an interval in the X direction, Prevent side slip.
As described above, the ribs 40b prevent the hollow fibers 11 that are attached in parallel to the folding rods 30 from being spaced apart from each other by the ribs 40b, so that the hollow fibers are displaced laterally and come into contact with each other. It is possible to prevent the passage from being blocked.
Further, by passing the lower end bent portion 11a of the hollow fiber 11 through the gap between the lower end surface 30f of the folding rod 30 and the flat plate 40a of the slip prevention plate 40, the lower end bent portion 11a can be sandwiched from above and below to perform positioning and holding. .

The folding rod and the slip prevention plate of the second interval holding means that holds the interval L1 in the X direction are not limited to the second embodiment, and may be configured as shown in FIGS.
In the modification shown in FIG. 10A, the rod 30 shown in FIG. 8 is bonded and fixed to the upper surface of the prismatic folding rod 12.
In the modification shown in FIG. 10B, the rib 30k is projected from the lower end surface 30f of the folding rod 30 shown in FIG. With this configuration, it is possible to eliminate the deviation prevention plate as a separate member.

11 and 12 show a fourth embodiment.
In the fourth embodiment, the second interval holding means is different from that of the third embodiment.
In the fourth embodiment, a round rod-like folding rod 12 similar to that of the first embodiment is used, while the upper ends of both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 holding the lower end bent portion 11a by the folding rod 12 are fixed. The fixing position to the fixing member 9 is alternately changed for each of the hollow fibers 11-R and 11-L adjacent in the X direction.

Thus, as in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11 (A), both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11-R are linear with the both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11-L in the X direction. It is made to extend in the reverse direction without being aligned.
That is, as shown in FIG. 11B, the fixing position to the fixing member 9 is alternately set to the right position and the left position for each hollow fiber 11 arranged in parallel in the X direction, and the hollow fiber 11-R is set to the right position P1, In the hollow fiber 11-L, the left position P2.

Further, a pair of right and left inclined holding bars 45 and a left inclined holding bar 46 are disposed along the upper surface of the folding rod 12 in order to maintain the inclination direction of the hollow fiber 11.
The right inclined holding rod 45 passes through a hollow portion sandwiched between both side portions 11b and 11c of every other hollow fiber 11 arranged in parallel in the X direction. The other left inclined holding rod 46 passes through a hollow portion sandwiched between both side portions 11b and 11c of every other hollow fiber 11 that does not penetrate the right inclined holding rod 45. That is, the right inclined holding rod 45 and the left inclined holding rod 46 are alternately passed through the hollow fibers 11 arranged in parallel in the X direction.
The right inclined holding rod 45 is arranged at the right outer position from the right side surface of the folding rod 12, and the left inclined holding rod 46 is arranged at the left outer position from the left side surface of the folding rod 12.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the hollow fiber 11 having the right inclined holding rod 45 penetrated is a hollow fiber 11-R in which both side portions 11b and 11c are inclined rightward and extended upward, The right side portion 11b of the hollow fiber 11-R is held to the right side by a right inclined holding rod 45. On the other hand, the hollow fiber 11 having the left inclined holding rod 45 penetrated is a hollow fiber 11-L in which both side portions 11b and 11c are inclined leftward and extended upward. The inclined holding rod 46 holds the left side.

  In the fourth embodiment, since the folding rod can be a round rod-like rod, the configuration is simplified, and the extending direction of both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 adjacent in the X direction is reliably reversed in the left and right direction. Can be held in.

Further, the relationship with the fixing member 20 having the first and second rod portions 20a, 20b that hold the gap L2 in the Y direction of the first embodiment is as follows from the inclined holding rods 45, 46 as shown in FIG. The first and second rod portions 20a and 20b of the fixing member 20 may be positioned and attached to the upper position.
By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to maintain both the distance L1 in the X direction and the distance L2 in the Y direction, and the hollow fiber 11 bends in the X direction, shakes due to bubbling air from the air diffuser, or on the folding rod 12. Even if both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 are opened due to the deposits deposited, contact with the side surfaces 11b and 11c of the adjacent hollow fibers 11 can be prevented in both the X direction and the Y direction. .

  Even if only the left and right inclined holding rods 45 and 46 are used without being fixed to the fixing member 9 so that the directions of the both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 are alternately inclined right and left, Alternatively, the gap may be held by alternately tilting the threads one by one to the right and to the left.

Furthermore, in the fourth embodiment, the fixing positions P1 and P2 of the hollow fibers 11-R and 11-L to the fixing member 9 may be changed as shown in FIG.
That is, in FIGS. 11 and 12, both side portions 11 b and 11 c of the hollow fiber 11 are fixed to the fixing member 9 with an interval corresponding to the outer diameter of the folding rod 12 and are held so as to be substantially parallel to each other. The both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 may be fixed to the fixing member 9 with an interval larger than the outer diameter of the folding rod 12 and fixed with the upper end expanded.
With this configuration, the space formed by the single hollow fiber 11 folded in two can be expanded, so that it is difficult to deposit deposits on the upper surface of the folding rod 12.

FIG. 15 shows a fifth embodiment.
In 5th Embodiment, it implement | achieves by adhering to the return | turnback rod 12, not defining the upper end position of the both sides 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 by the fixing member 9, and making it right inclination and left inclination.
That is, the hollow fibers 11-L and 11-R adjacent to each other in the X direction along the folding rod 12 are fixed to the lower half circumference of the folding rod 12 with the adhesive 48 so as to be alternately inclined right and left. is doing.
Specifically, after the lower end bent portion 11a is wound around the return rod 12 to align the hollow fiber 11, the both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11-R are tilted to the right and pulled, and the hollow fiber 11-L is pulled. It is tilted to the left and pulled, and this tensile state is maintained and immersed in an adhesive resin reservoir. When the adhesive resin is cured by pulling up after immersion, the hollow fiber 11 is inclined and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the folding rod 12.

  In the fifth embodiment, the left and right inclined holding bars 45 and 46 used in the fourth embodiment may be used. However, similarly to the fourth embodiment, in the fifth embodiment, the left and right inclined holding bars 45 and 46 are not used. In both cases, the hollow fibers 11 can be alternately inclined rightward and leftward to keep the interval.

  Moreover, as for the 1st-5th embodiment of this invention, all are the space | interval between the 1st space | interval holding | maintenance means which hold | maintains the space | interval L2 between the hollow fibers 11 adjacent to a Y direction, and the hollow fiber 11 adjacent to an X direction. The second interval holding means for holding L1 is provided, but one of them may be provided.

The filtering action of the filtering devices of the first to fifth embodiments is the same and will be described below.
The to-be-processed liquid Q introduced and filled in the immersion tank 3 permeates the hollow fiber 11 of each hollow fiber membrane module 10 (10A, 10B, 10C) by driving the suction pump 7, and performs solid-liquid separation. The collected liquid 6 is collected as a treated liquid (treatment liquid).

In order to continue the membrane filtration stably, the suspended components deposited on the surface of the hollow fiber 11 or between the membranes are peeled and removed. At this time, the blower 19 is operated to operate the air introduction pipe and the air introduction header 18. Pressure air is introduced into the air diffuser tube 17 from the gas diffuser 17 and the compressed air is injected from the gas injection holes 17 a of the air diffuser tube 17. The injected pressurized air is collected in the lower region of each hollow fiber membrane module 10 by the holding frame 14 constituting the skirt portion, and is ejected upward from the gas injection hole 17a and is adjacent to the X and Y directions. The suspended components that pass through the gap 11 and rise in the axial direction while coming into contact with the surface of the hollow fiber 11 and adhere and accumulate on the surface of the hollow fiber 11 are strongly peeled and removed.
The suspension component peeling and removal performed by blowing out the pressurized air may be performed constantly or periodically.

In each of the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention, the hollow fibers 11 supported by the folding rod 12 (30) and arranged in parallel in the X direction are arranged on both sides 11b, 11c by the second spacing holding means. In the Y row in which the X rows are arranged in parallel, the gap L2 is secured by the first interval holding means so that the hollow fibers adjacent in the Y direction are not brought into contact with each other.
In this way, by not contacting the both side portions 11b and 11c of the hollow fiber 11 adjacent in the X direction and the Y direction, the suspension of adhering and depositing on the surface of the hollow fiber 11 without blocking the passage of the injected bubbling air. The components can be strongly peeled and removed.

  The filtration device of the present invention can efficiently remove the suspended components deposited on the surface of the hollow fiber or between the hollow fibers by applying the air supplied by the gas jetting means to the hollow fiber surface. Not limited to this, it is optimal for use in the sewage field targeted by the membrane separation activated sludge method. It can also be applied to the treatment fields such as industrial wastewater and livestock wastewater.

1 is an overall view of a filtration device of the present invention. (A) is a perspective view of a hollow fiber membrane module, (B) (C) is a principal part enlarged view. (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the state which has arranged the hollow fiber in the XY direction, (B) (C) is an enlarged view which shows the clearance gap between a Y direction and an X direction. (A) is a plan view of the first embodiment with the first interval holding means attached, (B) is a plan view of a fixing material, (C) is a side view of (A), and (D) is (A). It is sectional drawing along line DD. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state currently hold | maintained by the 1st space | interval holding | maintenance means in the hollow fiber parallel to a Y direction. (A), (B), and (C) are schematic views showing modifications of the first interval holding means, respectively. A 2nd embodiment is shown, (A) is a principal part perspective view and (B) is a schematic explanatory view. The 2nd space | interval holding | maintenance means of 3rd Embodiment is shown, (A) is a perspective view of a folding | returning rod, (B) is CC sectional view taken on the line of (A), (C) is the hollow fiber attached to the folding rod. Explanatory drawing which shows the upward inclination direction of (A), (D) is a principal part enlarged view of (A). The state which wound the hollow fiber around the folding rod of 3rd Embodiment is shown, (A) is a partial side view, (B) is a partial perspective view. (A) (B) is the schematic which shows the modification of 3rd Embodiment, respectively. A 4th embodiment is shown, (A) is a front view and (B) is a figure showing a fixed position of a hollow fiber in a fixing member. It is a perspective view of 4th Embodiment. It is drawing which shows the modification of 4th Embodiment. It is drawing which shows the other modification of 4th Embodiment, (A) is a front view, (B) is drawing which shows the fixing position of the hollow fiber in a fixing member. It is a front view which shows the principal part of 5th Embodiment. (A) (B) is drawing which shows a prior art example. (A) and (B) are drawings showing problems.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Filtration apparatus 11 Hollow fiber 11a Lower end bending part 11b, 11c Both sides 12, 30 Folding rod 14 Holding frame 20 Fixing material 22 Intermediate fixing material

Claims (10)

A direction in which hollow fibers folded in two in a U-shape are arranged in parallel is defined as an X direction, a direction orthogonal to the X direction is defined as a Y direction, and hollow fiber groups arranged in parallel in the X direction are arranged at intervals in the orthogonal Y direction. Immersion in the liquid to be treated containing suspended components in the treatment tank, and the open ends of the upper ends of both sides of each hollow fiber are fixed to a fixing member and communicated with the water collection header, while the folded hollow fiber group In the filtration device in which the gas injection means is disposed below,
Comprising a rectangular or circular folding rod extending in the X direction, folding the hollow fiber along the outer surface of the folding rod and bending it into a U-shape;
On the upper side of the hollow fiber bent by the folding rod, the first spacing holding means for holding the spacing in the Y direction and the second spacing that opens a gap between both sides of the folded hollow fiber adjacent to the X direction. One of the holding means and both means are provided integrally with the folding rod or separately from the folding rod.   The first interval holding means is made of a wire rod or a long thin plate separate from the folding rod, and is arranged on the upper side of the folding rod to sandwich both U-shaped side portions of the hollow fiber group from the outside. The filtration device according to claim 1.   The first spacing member comprises a wire projecting from the connecting portion on one end side with an interval in the Y direction extending along the X-direction portion extending along both outer surfaces of the hollow fiber group in the X direction, The filtration device according to claim 2, wherein the other end side is connected by a string or a wire to close the opening.   The said 2nd space | interval holding | maintenance means hold | maintains the space | interval of the said X direction by making the both sides which the hollow fiber which adjoined in the upper part of the said folding | returning rod incline upward, changing the angle alternately. The filtration device according to claim 3. The second spacing member is composed of a right inclined holding rod and a left inclined holding rod which are alternately passed through hollow fibers adjacent in the X direction on the upper side of the folding rod, and the right inclined holding rod is formed of the folding rod. Position the left inclined holding rod on the right outer side from the right side, and position the left inclined holding rod on the left outer side from the left side of the folding rod.
The hollow fiber in which the right inclined holding rod is penetrated between the both sides of the hollow fiber is inclined to the right and extended upward, and the hollow fiber in which the left inclined holding rod is penetrated between the both sides of the hollow portion is inclined to the left. Extend upwards,
The filtration device according to claim 4, wherein the hollow fibers arranged in parallel in the X direction are alternately changed in inclination direction so as to maintain a distance between both side portions of adjacent hollow fibers.   The second spacing member has a zigzag shape in which the folding rods are alternately provided with right inclined portions and left inclined portions having a width corresponding to the thickness of one hollow fiber along the X direction. The filtration device according to claim 4, wherein the parallel hollow fibers are alternately changed in inclination direction to maintain the distance between both side portions of adjacent hollow fibers.   The filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the folding rod that wraps the lower ends of the hollow fibers arranged side by side in the X direction has different vertical heights between the folding rods adjacent in the Y direction. .   The hollow fiber group provided in parallel in the X direction has two to eight hollow fibers arranged as a group without gaps, and a required gap is provided between the groups. The filtration apparatus of Claim 1.   An anti-slip plate is provided below the folding rod, with a gap corresponding to the thickness of the hollow fiber, and a laterally-preventing rib projecting upward at an interval corresponding to the group. The filtration device according to any one of 8.   The filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hollow fiber is made of a fluororesin containing a PTFE porous material.

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