JP2009183219A - Production method of yolk protein - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、純度の高い卵黄タンパク質の製造法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a highly pure egg yolk protein.
卵黄は水分48%、脂質32%、タンパク質18%、灰分2%で構成されている。卵黄は50%もの固形分を有しているが、そのうち40%はタンパク質と脂質が結合しているリポタンパク質である。水溶性タンパク質はリベチン、ホスビチン、リボフラビン結合タンパク質があり、固形分中約7%である。リベチンは血清アルブミンであるα―リベチン、血清グルコプロテインであるβ―リベチン、そしてγ―グロブリン(特異的卵黄抗体)であるγ―リベチンがある。 Egg yolk is composed of 48% moisture, 32% lipid, 18% protein, and 2% ash. Egg yolk has as much as 50% solids, 40% of which is lipoprotein with protein and lipid bound. Water-soluble proteins include libetin, phosvitin, and riboflavin binding protein, which is about 7% in solid content. Rivetin includes serum albumin α-libetin, serum glucoprotein β-libetin, and γ-globulin (specific egg yolk antibody) γ-libetin.
産卵鶏は体内に侵入してきた異物(細菌、ウイルス、異種タンパク質)を抗原として認識した時、それら抗原に特異的に結合し(抗原抗体反応)、不活化させる免疫タンパク質(特異的卵黄抗体:γ―リベチン)を血液中に産生する。この特異的卵黄抗体即ちγ―リベチンは卵黄中へ移行し、濃縮される(D.T.Fraserら、J.Immunology、26(1962)347−)。 When laying hens recognize foreign substances (bacteria, viruses, heterologous proteins) that have entered the body as antigens, they specifically bind to these antigens (antigen-antibody reaction) and inactivate immune proteins (specific egg yolk antibodies: γ -Rivetin) is produced in the blood. This specific yolk antibody or γ-libetin migrates into the yolk and is concentrated (DT Fraser et al., J. Immunology, 26 (1962) 347-).
γ―リベチン即ち特異的卵黄抗体は免疫タンパク質として、動物医療及びヒト医療への応用、研究用試薬、食品素材、及び化粧品等への有効利用が期待されている。 γ-Libetin, a specific egg yolk antibody, is expected to be effectively used as an immunity protein in animal medicine and human medicine, research reagents, food materials, cosmetics and the like.
特異的卵黄抗体をこれら用途で実用的に利用するためには、高純度、かつ高回収率に、しかも大量に製造しなければならない。そのためにはまず、卵黄より、不純物としての脂質を除去することが好ましく、幾つかの分離精製方法が開発されている。超遠心分離法(L.F.Mcbeeら、J.Food Science、44(1979)656−)、有機溶剤による脱脂法(H.Badeら、J.Immunology Methods、72(1984)421−)、ポリエチレングリコール(A.Polsonら、Immunology Commun.J、9(1980)475―)あるいはデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム(J.C.Jenseniusら、J.Immunology Methods、46(1981)63−)を利用する卵黄リポタンパク質分離方法、カラギーナン等の天然多糖類を利用する方法(特開昭64−38098)、遠心操作と炭素数1〜4の第1級アルコールと塩水溶液、緩衝液を用いる方法(特開平3−145500)、超臨界ガス抽出による方法(特開平6−128298)及び第2級アルコールを用いて脱脂する方法(特開平6−329700)等が挙げられる。 In order to practically use the specific egg yolk antibody in these applications, it must be produced in a large amount with a high purity and a high recovery rate. For this purpose, it is preferable to remove lipid as an impurity from egg yolk, and several separation and purification methods have been developed. Ultracentrifugation method (LF Mcbee et al., J. Food Science, 44 (1979) 656), degreasing method with organic solvent (H. Bade et al., J. Immunology Methods, 72 (1984) 421), polyethylene Egg yolk lipoprotein separation using glycol (A. Polson et al., Immunology Commun. J, 9 (1980) 475-) or dextran sulfate sodium (JC Jensenius et al., J. Immunology Methods, 46 (1981) 63-) A method using natural polysaccharides such as carrageenan (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-38098), a method using centrifugation and a primary alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a salt solution, and a buffer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-145500). By supercritical gas extraction How to degreased with a (JP-A 6-128298) and the secondary alcohols (JP-A-6-329700) and the like.
しかし、特異的卵黄抗体を含む卵黄水溶性タンパク質の製造を工業化する場合、これら従来の方法では種々の問題点を有する。例えば、超遠心分離法は設備的に大量調製が不可能であり、有機溶剤による脱脂法は多量の有機溶剤を要するとともに、有機溶剤による抗体活性の失活が問題である。ポリエチレングリコールやデキストラン硫酸ナトリウムを用いる方法は、これらリポタンパク質沈殿剤が高価であり、また、化学合成品であるために、得られた特異的卵黄抗体の食品への利用が好まれない。遠心分離と第1級アルコールを用いる方法は連続的な遠心分離が困難であることから、工業的に不利である。超臨界ガス抽出では、超臨界ガス抽出の前に乾燥粉末化のプロセスを要するために工業化では不利である。第2級アルコールを用いて脱脂する方法では、沈殿物の除去のための遠心または濾過工程を数回繰り返さないと脱脂できない。カラギーナン等の天然多糖類を利用する方法は比較的精製操作も簡便である。しかしこの方法ではリポタンパク質を天然多糖類で沈殿させたのち、固液分離を行うことにより卵黄水溶性タンパク質を回収しているが、この固液分離工程に遠心分離機などの装置が必要であること、膨大な沈殿が発生してしまうこと、その沈殿はペレット化されており卵黄として再利用できないこと、などの問題点を有している。 However, when industrializing the production of egg yolk water-soluble protein containing a specific egg yolk antibody, these conventional methods have various problems. For example, the ultracentrifugation method cannot be prepared in large quantities in terms of equipment, and the degreasing method using an organic solvent requires a large amount of the organic solvent, and the inactivation of antibody activity by the organic solvent is a problem. In the method using polyethylene glycol or sodium dextran sulfate, since these lipoprotein precipitants are expensive and are chemically synthesized products, it is not preferable to use the obtained specific egg yolk antibody for food. Centrifugation and the method using primary alcohol are industrially disadvantageous because continuous centrifugation is difficult. Supercritical gas extraction is disadvantageous in industrialization because it requires a dry powdering process before supercritical gas extraction. In the method of degreasing using secondary alcohol, degreasing is not possible unless the centrifugation or filtration step for removing the precipitate is repeated several times. The method of using natural polysaccharides such as carrageenan is relatively easy to purify. However, in this method, the egg yolk water-soluble protein is recovered by precipitating lipoproteins with natural polysaccharides and then performing solid-liquid separation, but a device such as a centrifuge is required for this solid-liquid separation process. In other words, there are problems such as generation of enormous precipitation, and precipitation that has been pelletized and cannot be reused as egg yolk.
以上のように、特異的卵黄抗体は動物医療及びヒト医療への応用、研究用試薬、食品素材、及び化粧品等への有効利用が期待されているが、抗体活性を損なわず、工業的に、つまり簡便に且つ安価に大量製造する方法の開発が強く望まれている
食品、医薬品及び化粧品素材として、実用的に利用可能な特異的卵黄抗体、及びそれらを含む水溶性タンパク質を卵黄から製造する際に、抗体活性を損なうことなく、特殊な装置を使用することなく、且つ卵黄水溶性タンパク質はもとより卵黄水溶性タンパク質以外の卵黄成分の品質を低下させることなく、簡便・安価・安全な工業的製造方法を提供することを課題とする。 When producing specific yolk antibodies that can be used practically as foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic materials, and water-soluble proteins containing them from egg yolk, without impairing the antibody activity, without using special equipment, Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a simple, inexpensive and safe industrial production method without deteriorating the quality of egg yolk water-soluble protein and egg yolk components other than egg yolk water-soluble protein.
本願発明者は、食品、医薬品、化粧品素材として安全に、簡便でかつ安価に特異的卵黄抗体を得ることを目標として、鋭意研究した結果、卵黄液と水と特定の分子量を有するデキストリンを加え、攪拌後、放置すると、すみやかに卵黄相(上層)と水相(下層)の2層に分離させることが可能であり、特異的卵黄抗体を含む卵黄水溶性タンパク質が効果的に水相に回収されることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。さらに、この方法では、回収する水相が下層に位置するため、遠心分離などの特殊な装置を利用することなく水層を回収可能であること、残る上層には卵黄成分がダメージを受けずに残るため、副生する卵黄成分は、そのまま別目的に利用可能であることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。 As a result of intensive research aimed at obtaining a specific egg yolk antibody safely, conveniently and inexpensively as a food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic material, the present inventor added egg yolk liquid, water, and a dextrin having a specific molecular weight, After stirring, if allowed to stand, it can be promptly separated into two layers, the yolk phase (upper layer) and the aqueous phase (lower layer), and the yolk water-soluble protein containing the specific yolk antibody is effectively recovered in the aqueous phase. The present invention has been completed. Furthermore, in this method, since the aqueous phase to be recovered is located in the lower layer, the aqueous layer can be recovered without using a special device such as centrifugation, and the remaining upper layer is not damaged by the egg yolk component. Therefore, it was found that the egg yolk component produced as a by-product can be used as it is for another purpose, thereby completing the present invention.
特異的卵黄抗体、及びそれらを含む卵黄水溶性タンパク質の工業的な製造が可能になる。用いるデキストリン、または高度分技環状デキストリンは食品原料であり、特異的卵黄抗体、及びそれらを含む卵黄水溶性タンパク質はそのまま食品原料として使用できる。また、副生する卵黄成分はダメージを受けておらず、そのまま再利用可能である。さらに、使用した特定分子量のデキストリンは粉末化基材として機能するため、回収した水層をそのまま噴霧乾燥し、長期間保存可能な卵黄抗体粉末を製造することができる。より精製度の高い特異的卵黄抗体、及びそれらを含む卵黄水溶性タンパク質は、回収した水層からデキストリンを除去することによって製造可能であり、乾燥することで長期間保存可能な精製卵黄抗体粉末を製造することができる。 Industrial production of specific egg yolk antibodies and egg yolk water-soluble proteins containing them becomes possible. The dextrin to be used or the highly functional cyclic dextrin is a food material, and the specific egg yolk antibody and the egg yolk water-soluble protein containing them can be used as they are as a food material. Further, the egg yolk component produced as a by-product is not damaged and can be reused as it is. Furthermore, since the dextrin of the specific molecular weight used functions as a powdered substrate, the collected aqueous layer can be spray-dried as it is to produce an egg yolk antibody powder that can be stored for a long period of time. Specific egg yolk antibodies with higher purity, and egg yolk water-soluble proteins containing them can be produced by removing dextrin from the recovered aqueous layer, and purified egg yolk antibody powder that can be stored for a long time by drying. Can be manufactured.
本発明において、卵黄液とは、割卵後に卵白液と分離した生卵黄液あるいは冷凍卵黄を解凍して得られる卵黄液、あるいは卵黄粉末に加水し調製された卵黄液をいう。卵黄には、鶏、七面鳥、アヒル等の鳥類の卵、あるいは細菌、ウイルス、タンパク質、ホルモン等の特異的抗原により人工的に免疫されたそれら鳥類の卵から調製されたもののいずれであってもよい。 In the present invention, egg yolk liquid refers to egg yolk liquid obtained by thawing raw egg yolk liquid or frozen egg yolk separated from egg white liquid after splitting, or egg yolk liquid prepared by adding water to egg yolk powder. The egg yolk may be any of eggs prepared from birds such as chickens, turkeys and ducks, or eggs prepared artificially with specific antigens such as bacteria, viruses, proteins and hormones. .
本発明において、デキストリンとは、デンプンを酵素的に、もしくは化学的に部分加水分解したものをいう。デキストリンは、その部分加水分解の程度により、さまざまな分子量を有するデキストリンを製造することが出来る。分解の程度が高い場合、低分子量のデキストリンとなり、分解の程度が低い場合には、高分子量のデキストリンとなる。デンプンの部分分解の程度(つまりデキストリンの分子量分布)を理解する指標に、DEという値が一般的に用いられている。DEの数字が高いことは、分解程度が高いことを意味し、DE値が低いことは分解程度が低いことを意味する。DEは0−100までの値をとり、DE0は未分解であることを、DE100はグルコースまでの完全分解を意味する。 In the present invention, dextrin means a product obtained by enzymatically or chemically partially hydrolyzing starch. Dextrins can be produced with various molecular weights depending on the degree of partial hydrolysis. When the degree of degradation is high, it becomes a low molecular weight dextrin, and when the degree of degradation is low, it becomes a high molecular weight dextrin. A value of DE is generally used as an index for understanding the degree of partial decomposition of starch (that is, molecular weight distribution of dextrin). A high DE number means a high degree of decomposition, and a low DE value means a low degree of decomposition. DE takes a value from 0-100, DE0 means undegraded, DE100 means complete degradation to glucose.
本発明において、「DE」とは、「[(直接還元糖(ブドウ糖としての表示)の質量)/(固形分の質量)]×100」の式で表される値で、ウイルシュテッターシューデル法による分析値である。また、「DE」は、異なる「DE」を持つデキストリンを、任意の割合で混ぜた時に導かれる見かけ上の「DE」でもよいものとする。 In the present invention, “DE” is a value represented by the formula “[(mass of direct reducing sugar (expressed as glucose)) / (mass of solid content)] × 100”. It is an analysis value by the Dell method. Further, “DE” may be apparent “DE” derived when dextrins having different “DE” are mixed at an arbitrary ratio.
一方、デキストリンには加水分解により製造したものではなく、酵素による環状化反応により製造されたものが存在する。これらデキストリンは分子内部に環状構造を有することが特徴であり、環状構造を有するデキストリンと呼ばれている。環状構造を有するデキストリンには、シクロデキストリングルカノトランスフェラーゼにより製造されるシクロデキストリン、アミロマルターゼにより製造されるシクロアミロース、及びブランチングエンザイムにより製造される高度分岐環状デキストリン(特願平7−195674号)がある。 On the other hand, some dextrins are not produced by hydrolysis, but are produced by a cyclization reaction with an enzyme. These dextrins are characterized by having a cyclic structure inside the molecule and are called dextrins having a cyclic structure. Examples of dextrin having a cyclic structure include cyclodextrin produced by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, cycloamylose produced by amylomaltase, and highly branched cyclic dextrin produced by branching enzyme (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-195574). There is.
本発明に利用可能なデキストリンは、どんなデキストリンでもよいのではなく、特定の分子量を有している必要がある。本発明に効果的に利用できるデキストリンは、好ましくはDEが3〜12のデキストリンであり、より好ましくはDE3〜8のデキストリンであり、より好ましくはDE3のデキストリンである。 The dextrin that can be used in the present invention is not limited to any dextrin, but must have a specific molecular weight. The dextrin that can be effectively used in the present invention is preferably a dextrin having a DE of 3 to 12, more preferably a dextrin having a DE of 3 to 8, and more preferably a dextrin having a DE of 3.
異なる実施様態においては、本発明に利用可能なデキストリンは、環状構造を有する高度分岐環状デキストリンである。高度分岐環状デキストリンとしては、江碕グリコ株式会社製、もしくは日本食品加工株式会社製の高度分岐環状デキストリン(商品名:クラスターデキストリン)が好適に利用できる。 In a different embodiment, the dextrin that can be used in the present invention is a highly branched cyclic dextrin having a cyclic structure. As the highly branched cyclic dextrin, highly branched cyclic dextrin (trade name: cluster dextrin) manufactured by Eiso Glico Co., Ltd. or Nippon Food Processing Co., Ltd. can be suitably used.
本発明において、クラスターデキストリンとは枝作り酵素であるブランチングエンザイムをアミロペクチンに作用させて生産した分子内環状構造を有するデキストリンをいう。(特願平7−195674号) In the present invention, cluster dextrin refers to a dextrin having an intramolecular cyclic structure produced by allowing a branching enzyme, which is a branching enzyme, to act on amylopectin. (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-195664)
卵黄に加える水の量は卵黄の容積の半倍量以上であればよいが、好ましくは卵黄の容積の半倍量〜10倍量、より好ましくは等倍量〜7倍量であり、さらに好ましくは等倍量〜5倍量である。 The amount of water added to the yolk may be at least half the volume of the yolk, but is preferably a half to 10 times the volume of the yolk, more preferably an equal to 7 times, more preferably Is the same amount to 5 times the amount.
卵黄に加えるデキストリンの量は、添加した水の重量の10〜30%であり、より好ましくは10〜25%であり、さらに好ましくは10〜20%である。 The amount of dextrin added to the egg yolk is 10-30% of the weight of the added water, more preferably 10-25%, still more preferably 10-20%.
卵黄と水とデキストリンを混合する方法は、予め水にデキストリンを完全に溶解させておき、そのデキストリン水溶液を卵黄に加える方法が好ましい。 The method of mixing egg yolk, water and dextrin is preferably a method in which dextrin is completely dissolved in water in advance and the dextrin aqueous solution is added to the egg yolk.
卵黄と水とデキストリンを混合する際の操作温度は4℃〜40℃であり,好ましくは卵黄及び卵黄タンパク質がダメージを受けにくい温度である4℃〜30℃、より好ましくは4℃〜25℃である。 The operation temperature at the time of mixing egg yolk, water and dextrin is 4 ° C. to 40 ° C., preferably 4 ° C. to 30 ° C., more preferably 4 ° C. to 25 ° C., which is the temperature at which egg yolk and egg yolk protein are not easily damaged. is there.
本発明において、上層と下層に分離する工程とは、卵黄層を上層に、特異的鶏卵抗体を含む水層を下層に分離する工程を意味する。特異的鶏卵抗体を含む水層を上層とすることは、その後の工程が煩雑となるため好ましくない。 In the present invention, the step of separating into an upper layer and a lower layer means a step of separating an egg yolk layer into an upper layer and an aqueous layer containing a specific chicken egg antibody into a lower layer. It is not preferable to set the aqueous layer containing the specific chicken egg antibody as the upper layer because subsequent steps become complicated.
上層と下層への分離は、卵黄にデキストリン水溶液を混合しながら加えた後、混合を停止し、放置することにより進行する。放置する時間は通常1分〜20時間であり、より好ましくは5分〜120分であり、さらに好ましくは10分〜4時間である。 Separation into an upper layer and a lower layer proceeds by adding the dextrin aqueous solution to egg yolk while mixing, then stopping the mixing and leaving it to stand. The standing time is usually 1 minute to 20 hours, more preferably 5 minutes to 120 minutes, and further preferably 10 minutes to 4 hours.
本発明において、卵黄タンパク質を含む下層を回収する工程は、混合に利用していた容器の下部の抜き出し口を開けることにより実施できる。液の抜き出しは、重力のみの利用でも、送液ポンプを利用してもよい。このような方法を用いた場合、遠心分離装置や濾過装置など、特殊な装置を使用せず、安価に卵黄タンパク質を含む下層水溶液層を回収できる。 In this invention, the process of collect | recovering the lower layer containing egg yolk protein can be implemented by opening the extraction opening of the lower part of the container utilized for mixing. The liquid can be extracted by using only gravity or a liquid feed pump. When such a method is used, a lower layer aqueous solution layer containing egg yolk protein can be recovered at low cost without using a special device such as a centrifugal separator or a filtration device.
異なる実施様態においては、卵黄タンパク質を含む水層を回収する工程は、機械を利用して行うことが出来る。利用可能な装置としては、遠心分離機、濾過装置等がある。 In a different embodiment, the step of recovering the aqueous layer containing egg yolk protein can be performed using a machine. Available devices include centrifuges, filtration devices and the like.
乾燥卵黄タンパク質を製造する際には、上記工程で得られた卵黄タンパク質を含む水層を、そのまま、あるいは膜濃縮等により濃縮したのち、乾燥工程に進むことで製造できる。卵黄タンパク質を含む下層に含まれているデキストリンは優れた粉末化基材であるため、卵黄タンパク質から除去する必要はない。凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥、熱風乾燥、真空乾燥等の公知の乾燥方法で粉末乾燥可能であるが、乾燥条件は含有される卵黄タンパク質が不活化しない条件が好ましい。例えば、噴霧乾燥の場合、入口熱風温度130〜150℃、排風温度70〜80℃の条件が好ましい。 When the dried egg yolk protein is produced, the aqueous layer containing the egg yolk protein obtained in the above step can be produced by concentrating it as it is or by membrane concentration, and then proceeding to the drying step. Since dextrin contained in the lower layer containing egg yolk protein is an excellent powdered base material, it is not necessary to remove it from egg yolk protein. The powder can be dried by a known drying method such as freeze drying, spray drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying, etc., but the drying conditions are preferably conditions that do not inactivate the contained egg yolk protein. For example, in the case of spray drying, conditions of an inlet hot air temperature of 130 to 150 ° C and an exhaust air temperature of 70 to 80 ° C are preferable.
異なる実施様態においては、上記工程で得られた卵黄タンパク質を含む下層水溶液層から、デキストリンを除去し、精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液を製造することが出来る。デキストリンを除去する方法としては、アミラーゼを作用させる方法、イオン交換樹脂を用いる方法、疎水吸着樹脂を用いる方法、膜分画を利用する方法、塩析を利用する方法、ゲル濾過を利用する方法等を単独で、あるいは組み合わせて利用できる。 In a different embodiment, dextrin is removed from the lower layer aqueous solution layer containing the egg yolk protein obtained in the above step to produce a purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution. Methods for removing dextrin include amylase action, ion exchange resin, hydrophobic adsorption resin, membrane fractionation, salting out, gel filtration, etc. Can be used alone or in combination.
乾燥精製卵黄タンパク質を製造する際には、上記工程で得られた精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液を、そのまま、あるいは濃縮したのち、乾燥工程に進むことができる。凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥、熱風乾燥、真空乾燥等、公知の乾燥方法で粉末乾燥可能であるが、乾燥条件は含有される卵黄タンパク質が不活化しない条件が好ましい。例えば、高純度の精製卵黄タンパク質の失活を防ぐための乾燥方法としては凍結乾燥が好ましい。 When producing the dried and purified egg yolk protein, the purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained in the above step can be directly or concentrated and then proceed to the drying step. The powder can be dried by a known drying method such as freeze drying, spray drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying, etc., but the drying conditions are preferably conditions that do not inactivate the contained egg yolk protein. For example, lyophilization is preferred as a drying method for preventing inactivation of highly purified purified egg yolk protein.
本発明においては、水溶液層と卵黄層との分離、水溶液層の回収により、卵黄特有の風味、臭い及び色の原因となる卵黄脂質成分が、卵黄タンパク質を含む水溶液層から効率的に除去される。従って、本発明により得られる卵黄タンパク質を含む水溶液、及び乾燥卵黄タンパク質は卵黄特有の風味、臭い、色がほとんどなく、且つ特異的卵黄抗体活性を失うことなく製造されるため、食品、飼料、研究用試薬、臨床検査薬、動物薬、医薬品素材、並びに化粧品等として有効利用される。 In the present invention, by separating the aqueous solution layer and the yolk layer and recovering the aqueous solution layer, the egg yolk lipid component that causes the yolk-specific flavor, odor, and color is efficiently removed from the aqueous solution layer containing the egg yolk protein. . Therefore, the aqueous solution containing egg yolk protein obtained by the present invention and the dried egg yolk protein have almost no egg yolk-specific flavor, odor and color, and are produced without losing specific egg yolk antibody activity. It is effectively used as a reagent for medical use, clinical laboratory medicine, animal medicine, pharmaceutical material, and cosmetics.
本発明においては、食品とは、人が食用にする品物の総称であり、直接料理の材料としたり、そのまま食べたりすることができる食用の品、飲食品全般である。 In the present invention, food is a general term for products that humans eat, and includes edible products that can be directly used for cooking or can be eaten as they are, and general foods and beverages.
本発明においては、飼料とは、家畜、動物に与える餌全般である。 In the present invention, the term “feed” refers to all food given to livestock and animals.
請求項8記載の卵黄タンパク質を原料とする食品は、含まれる抗体の量に起因するが、食品中に抗体を含有することにより、卵黄タンパク質を原料とする本食品を食することによる免疫賦活作用を期待することができる。 Although the foodstuff which uses egg yolk protein as a raw material of Claim 8 originates in the quantity of the antibody contained, the immunostimulatory effect by eating this food which uses egg yolk protein as a raw material by containing an antibody in foodstuff Can be expected.
請求項9記載の卵黄タンパク質を原料とする飼料は、含まれる抗体の量に起因するが、飼料中に抗体を含有することにより、卵黄タンパク質を原料とする本飼料を食することによる免疫賦活作用を期待することができる。 The feed using egg yolk protein as a raw material according to claim 9 is caused by the amount of antibody contained, but by containing the antibody in the feed, an immunostimulatory effect by eating this feed using egg yolk protein as a raw material Can be expected.
本発明においては、水溶液層と卵黄層との分離、水溶液層の回収、及びデキストリンの除去により、卵黄特有の風味、臭い、色がほとんどなく、かつ特異的卵黄抗体の活性を充分量保持する高純度の精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液、及び乾燥卵黄タンパク質が製造される。従って、本発明により得られる精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液、及び乾燥精製卵黄タンパク質は卵黄特有の風味、臭い、色がほとんどなく、かつ特異的卵黄抗体活性を失うことなく高純度で精製されるため、一般的に抗体を用いて生産される食品、飼料、研究用試薬、臨床検査薬、動物薬、医薬品素材、並びに化粧品等への有効利用が期待される。 In the present invention, the separation of the aqueous solution layer and the egg yolk layer, the recovery of the aqueous solution layer, and the removal of dextrin eliminate the taste, smell and color peculiar to egg yolk, and maintain a sufficient amount of specific egg yolk antibody activity. Purified purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution and dried egg yolk protein are produced. Therefore, the purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained by the present invention and the dried and purified egg yolk protein have a flavor, smell and color peculiar to egg yolk and are purified with high purity without losing specific egg yolk antibody activity. It is expected to be effectively used for foods, feeds, research reagents, clinical test drugs, veterinary drugs, pharmaceutical materials, and cosmetics produced using antibodies.
以下、比較例、試験例、及び実施例をもとに本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例等によりなんら限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on comparative examples, test examples, and examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples and the like.
(比較例1:水における卵黄層と水層の分離)
卵黄液に10mlに対して半倍量、等倍量、2倍量、5倍量、7倍量、10倍量の水を添加し、攪拌、静置した結果、5倍量、7倍量、10倍量の水を添加したもので、速やかに卵黄成分の沈殿による分離が見られた。しかし、この時の卵黄成分は、水を添加する前に比べ、白く変色しており、明らかな変化が観られた(図1、図2)。
(Comparative Example 1: Separation of egg yolk layer and water layer in water)
Half-fold, 1-fold, 2-fold, 5-fold, 7-fold, and 10-fold amounts of water were added to 10 ml of egg yolk, stirred, and allowed to stand. A 10-fold amount of water was added, and separation due to precipitation of egg yolk components was quickly observed. However, the egg yolk component at this time was whiter than before adding water, and a clear change was observed (FIGS. 1 and 2).
(実施例1:各種デキストリン水溶液、高度分技環状デキストリン(クラスターデキストリン)水溶液の等量添加による卵黄層と水溶液層の分離)
卵黄液10mlにグルコース(日本食品加工株式会社)、マルトース(和光純薬工業株式会社)、テトラップ(株式会社林原生物化学研究所)、TK16(松谷化学工業株式会社)、PDX#2(松谷化学工業株式会社)、Max1000(松谷化学工業株式会社)、PDX#100(松谷化学工業株式会社)、及びクラスターデキストリン(江崎グリコ株式会社)の0、5、10、15、20、25、30%水溶液を等量の10ml加えて攪拌し室温で静置し、経時的に分離を観察した。表1に示すように、DE12以上のグルコース(DE100)、マルトース(DE50)、テトラップ(DE39)、およびTK16(DE17)の水溶液を添加したものでは分離は見られなかったが、PDX#2(DE12)、Max1000(DE8)、PDX#100(DE3)、およびクラスターデキストリン(DE3)では、ある特定の濃度以上で脂質及びリポタンパク質を含む卵黄層が上層に、卵黄タンパク質を含む水溶液層が下層に移ることが確認された。このような、卵黄層が上層に、水溶液層が下層になる分離状態は水における分離(比較例1、図1、図2)では確認されず、さらに上層の卵黄層は水における分離(比較例1、図2)に比べ、変色もなく、分離前の卵黄と相違なかった(図3、4)。これら結果を表1にまとめた。それぞれのデキストリンの濃度について、分離が起こらなかったものは×、分離が確認できたものについては○で示し、さらに、その下に分離に要した時間を示す(表1)。また各種デキストリンのDE値についても同表1に示す。
(Example 1: Separation of egg yolk layer and aqueous solution layer by addition of equal amounts of various aqueous dextrin solutions and highly technical cyclic dextrin (cluster dextrin) aqueous solution)
10ml egg yolk juice with glucose (Nippon Food Processing Co., Ltd.), maltose (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), Tetrap (Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Co., Ltd.), TK16 (Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), PDX # 2 (Matsuya Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) Co., Ltd.), Max1000 (Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), PDX # 100 (Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and Cluster Dextrin (Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.) 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30% aqueous solution. An equal amount of 10 ml was added, stirred and allowed to stand at room temperature, and separation was observed over time. As shown in Table 1, no separation was observed when an aqueous solution of glucose (DE100), maltose (DE50), tetrap (DE39), and TK16 (DE17) of DE12 or higher was added, but PDX # 2 (DE12 ), Max1000 (DE8), PDX # 100 (DE3), and cluster dextrin (DE3), the yolk layer containing lipid and lipoprotein moves to the upper layer and the aqueous solution layer containing egg yolk protein moves to the lower layer at a specific concentration or higher. It was confirmed. Such a separation state in which the egg yolk layer is the upper layer and the aqueous solution layer is the lower layer is not confirmed by separation in water (Comparative Example 1, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2), and the upper yolk layer is separated in water (Comparative Example). Compared with 1, FIG. 2), there was no discoloration and it was not different from the yolk before separation (FIGS. 3, 4). These results are summarized in Table 1. Regarding the concentration of each dextrin, x indicates that no separation occurred, ○ indicates that separation was confirmed, and further, the time required for the separation is shown below (Table 1). The DE values of various dextrins are also shown in Table 1.
(実施例2:水を用いての卵黄層と水層の分離、水層の回収)
卵黄液100mlに対して500mlの水を添加し、混合、4時間静置後に上層450mlを吸い取った。
(Example 2: Separation of egg yolk layer and water layer using water, recovery of water layer)
500 ml of water was added to 100 ml of egg yolk liquid, and after mixing for 4 hours, 450 ml of the upper layer was sucked off.
(実施例3:20%PDX#100を用いての卵黄層と水層の分離、水溶液層の回収)
卵黄液100mlに20%PDX#100水溶液100mlを添加し、混合、4時間静置後に下層水溶液層100mlを抜き取った。
(Example 3: Separation of egg yolk layer and aqueous layer using 20% PDX # 100, recovery of aqueous solution layer)
100 ml of 20% PDX # 100 aqueous solution was added to 100 ml of egg yolk liquid, mixed and allowed to stand for 4 hours, and then 100 ml of the lower aqueous solution layer was extracted.
(実施例4:20%クラスターデキストリンを用いての卵黄層と水層の分離、水溶液層の回収)
卵黄液100mlに20%クラスターデキストリン水溶液100mlを添加し、混合、4時間静置後に下層水溶液層100mを抜き取った。
(Example 4: Separation of egg yolk layer and aqueous layer using 20% cluster dextrin, recovery of aqueous solution layer)
100 ml of 20% cluster dextrin aqueous solution was added to 100 ml of egg yolk liquid, mixed and allowed to stand for 4 hours, and then 100 m of the lower aqueous solution layer was extracted.
(実施例5:卵黄タンパク質回収率と脂質残存率の比較)
実施例2−4の水溶液、及び卵黄原液100mlのタンパク質量をケルダール法にて、脂質量を酸分解法にてそれぞれ測定し、回収率を比較した。タンパク質量とその回収率、脂質量とその残存率を表2に示す。表2より明らかなように本発明による上層卵黄層と下層水溶液層の分離では、タンパク質が選択的に下層水溶液層に回収され、その時の脂質の残存率は0.5%未満であり、下層水溶液層への脂質の残存はほとんどない、実用的に有効な成績であった。またこの時の下層水溶液層中へのタンパク質の回収率は約10%であった。この下層水溶液層に回収されたタンパク質は卵黄液中の脂質と結合していないタンパク質、すなわち卵黄水溶性タンパク質である。
(Example 5: Comparison of egg yolk protein recovery rate and lipid residual rate)
The aqueous solution of Example 2-4 and the protein amount of 100 ml of egg yolk undiluted solution were measured by the Kjeldahl method, the lipid amount was measured by the acid decomposition method, and the recovery rates were compared. Table 2 shows the amount of protein and its recovery rate, and the amount of lipid and its residual rate. As is clear from Table 2, in the separation of the upper yolk layer and the lower aqueous solution layer according to the present invention, proteins are selectively recovered in the lower aqueous solution layer, and the residual rate of lipid at that time is less than 0.5%. It was a practically effective result with almost no lipid remaining in the layer. At this time, the recovery rate of the protein in the lower aqueous solution layer was about 10%. The protein recovered in this lower aqueous solution layer is a protein that is not bound to lipids in egg yolk liquid, that is, egg yolk water-soluble protein.
(実施例6:20%PDX#100水溶液による卵黄層と水溶液層の分離、及び卵黄タンパク質水溶液である下層水溶液層の回収)
攪拌装置と下部抜き出し口が付いた30リットル容量タンク中で、卵黄液10リットルと20%PDX#100水溶液10リットルを攪拌により混合させた。4時間静置後、上層に卵黄層、下層に水溶液層が分離していることを確認し、下部抜き出し口より卵黄タンパク質水溶液である下層水溶液層のみ約10リットルを回収した。
(Example 6: Separation of egg yolk layer and aqueous solution layer by 20% PDX # 100 aqueous solution and recovery of lower aqueous solution layer which is egg yolk protein aqueous solution)
In a 30 liter tank equipped with a stirrer and a lower outlet, 10 liters of egg yolk and 10 liters of 20% PDX # 100 aqueous solution were mixed by stirring. After standing for 4 hours, it was confirmed that the egg yolk layer was separated into the upper layer and the aqueous solution layer was separated into the lower layer, and about 10 liters of only the lower aqueous solution layer, which was an egg yolk protein aqueous solution, was recovered from the lower outlet.
(実施例7:20%PDX#100水溶液を用いて得られた卵黄タンパク質水溶液の噴霧乾燥による粉末卵黄タンパク質の製造)
実施例6で得られた卵黄タンパク質水溶液10リットルをそのまま噴霧乾燥することにより、PDX#100を含む約2kgの粉末卵黄タンパク質を得た。
(Example 7: Production of powdered egg yolk protein by spray drying of egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained using 20% PDX # 100 aqueous solution)
By spray-drying 10 liters of the egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained in Example 6 as it was, about 2 kg of powdered egg yolk protein containing PDX # 100 was obtained.
(実施例8:20%PDX#100水溶液を用いて得られた卵黄タンパク質水溶液のデキストリン除去による精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液の製造)
実施例6で得られた卵黄タンパク質水溶液10リットルを、市販の澱粉分解酵素アミラーゼを用いて分解し、UF膜(分子量10,000カット)を用いて濃縮、加水、濃縮、加水、濃縮の工程を行うことにより、澱粉分解物を除去し、澱粉分解物を含まない精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液1リットルを得た。
(Example 8: Production of purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution by dextrin removal of egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained using 20% PDX # 100 aqueous solution)
10 liters of egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained in Example 6 was decomposed using a commercially available amylolytic enzyme amylase, and concentrated, hydrated, concentrated, hydrated, concentrated using a UF membrane (molecular weight 10,000 cut). By performing, the starch degradation product was removed, and 1 liter of purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution containing no starch degradation product was obtained.
(実施例9:20%PDX#100水溶液を用いて得られた精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液の凍結乾燥による粉末精製卵黄タンパク質の製造)
実施例8で得られた精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液1リットルを凍結乾燥することにより約150gの粉末精製卵黄タンパク質を得た。
(Example 9: Production of powdered purified egg yolk protein by lyophilization of a purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained using a 20% PDX # 100 aqueous solution)
By lyophilizing 1 liter of the purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained in Example 8, about 150 g of powdered egg yolk protein was obtained.
(実施例10:乾燥卵黄タンパク質を原料として含む食品の製造)
砂糖15g、濃縮紅茶エキス3g、寒天3gに水を加え全量100gとし、よく混合した。沸騰水中で15分間加熱後、放冷し、60℃到達時点で、実施例7の粉末卵黄タンパク質10gを加えよく攪拌し、型に流し4℃で1晩保存し試験ゼリーを作製した。比較ゼリーとして、実施例7の粉末卵黄タンパク質10gの替わりに実施例2の液体を噴霧乾燥した粉末卵黄タンパク質10gをくわえたゼリーも同様に作製した。試験ゼリーと比較ゼリーの味質、匂いを、熟練した10人の官能評価パネラーによって判定した。その結果、10名のパネラー全員が、本発明の、脂質成分をほとんど含まない粉末卵黄タンパク質を加えた試験ゼリーは、脂質成分が残存する比較ゼリーと比較して、卵臭さ、雑味が軽減し、風味の良い卵黄タンパク質含有ゼリーであると評価した。
(Example 10: Production of food containing dried egg yolk protein as a raw material)
Water was added to 15 g of sugar, 3 g of concentrated black tea extract, and 3 g of agar to make a total amount of 100 g and mixed well. After heating in boiling water for 15 minutes, the mixture was allowed to cool, and when reaching 60 ° C., 10 g of the powdered egg yolk protein of Example 7 was added, stirred well, poured into a mold and stored at 4 ° C. overnight to prepare a test jelly. As a comparative jelly, a jelly containing 10 g of powdered egg yolk protein obtained by spray-drying the liquid of Example 2 instead of 10 g of powdered egg yolk protein of Example 7 was also prepared. The taste quality and odor of the test jelly and the comparative jelly were judged by ten skilled sensory panelists. As a result, the test jelly to which all 10 panelists added the powdered egg yolk protein containing almost no lipid component of the present invention has reduced egg odor and taste compared to the comparative jelly in which the lipid component remains. The egg yolk protein-containing jelly was evaluated as having a good flavor.
(実施例11:20%クラスターデキストリン水溶液による卵黄層と水溶液層の分離、及び卵黄タンパク質水溶液である下層水溶液層の回収)
攪拌装置と下部抜き出し口が付いた30リットル容量タンク中で、卵黄液10リットルと20%クラスターデキストリン水溶液10リットルを攪拌により混合させた。3時間静置後、上層に卵黄層、下層に水溶液層が分離していることを確認し、下部抜き出し口より卵黄タンパク質水溶液である下層水溶液層のみ約10リットルを回収した。
(Example 11: Separation of egg yolk layer and aqueous solution layer by 20% cluster dextrin aqueous solution and recovery of lower aqueous solution layer which is egg yolk protein aqueous solution)
In a 30 liter tank equipped with a stirrer and a lower outlet, 10 liters of egg yolk and 10 liters of 20% cluster dextrin aqueous solution were mixed by stirring. After standing for 3 hours, it was confirmed that the egg yolk layer was separated into the upper layer and the aqueous solution layer was separated into the lower layer, and about 10 liters of only the lower layer aqueous solution layer that was an egg yolk protein solution was recovered from the lower outlet.
(実施例12:20%クラスターデキストリン水溶液を用いて得られた卵黄タンパク質水溶液の噴霧乾燥による粉末卵黄タンパク質の製造)
実施例10で得られた卵黄タンパク質水溶液10リットルをそのまま噴霧乾燥することにより、クラスターデキストリンを含む約2kgの粉末卵黄タンパク質を得た。
(Example 12: Production of powdered egg yolk protein by spray drying of egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained using 20% cluster dextrin aqueous solution)
By spray-drying 10 liters of the egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained in Example 10 as it was, about 2 kg of powdered egg yolk protein containing cluster dextrin was obtained.
(実施例13:20%クラスターデキストリン水溶液を用いて得られた卵黄タンパク質水溶液のデキストリン除去による精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液の製造)
実施例10で得られた卵黄タンパク質水溶液10リットルを、市販の澱粉分解酵素アミラーゼを用いて分解し、UF膜(分子量10,000カット)を用いて濃縮、加水、濃縮、加水、濃縮の工程を行うことにより、澱粉分解物を除去し、澱粉分解物を含まない精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液1リットルを得た。
(Example 13: Production of purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution by dextrin removal of egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained using 20% cluster dextrin aqueous solution)
10 liters of egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained in Example 10 is decomposed using a commercially available starch degrading enzyme amylase, and concentrated, hydrated, concentrated, hydrated and concentrated using a UF membrane (molecular weight 10,000 cut). By performing, the starch degradation product was removed, and 1 liter of purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution containing no starch degradation product was obtained.
(実施例14:20%クラスターデキストリン水溶液を用いて得られた精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液の凍結乾燥による粉末精製卵黄タンパク質の製造)
実施例12で得られた精製卵黄タンパク質水溶液1リットルを凍結乾燥することにより約150gの粉末精製卵黄タンパク質を得た。
(Example 14: Production of powdered egg yolk protein by freeze-drying of a purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained using a 20% cluster dextrin aqueous solution)
About 150 g of powdered purified egg yolk protein was obtained by lyophilizing 1 liter of the purified egg yolk protein aqueous solution obtained in Example 12.
(実施例15:乾燥卵黄タンパク質を用いた食品の製造)
砂糖15g、濃縮紅茶エキス3g、寒天3gに水を加え全量100gとし、よく混合した。沸騰水中で15分間加熱後、放冷し、60℃到達時点で、実施例12の粉末卵黄タンパク質10gを加えよく攪拌し、型に流し4℃で1晩保存し試験ゼリーを作製した。比較ゼリーとして、実施例12の粉末卵黄タンパク質10gの替わりに実施例2の液体を噴霧乾燥した粉末卵黄タンパク質10gをくわえたゼリーも同様に作製した。試験ゼリーと比較ゼリーの味質、匂いを、熟練した10人の官能評価パネラーによって判定した。その結果、10名のパネラー全員が、本発明の、脂質成分をほとんど含まない粉末卵黄タンパク質を加えた試験ゼリーは、脂質成分が残存する比較ゼリーと比較して、卵臭さ、雑味が軽減し、風味の良い卵黄タンパク質含有ゼリーであると評価した。
(Example 15: Production of food using dried egg yolk protein)
Water was added to 15 g of sugar, 3 g of concentrated black tea extract, and 3 g of agar to make a total amount of 100 g and mixed well. After heating in boiling water for 15 minutes, the mixture was allowed to cool, and when reaching 60 ° C., 10 g of the powdered egg yolk protein of Example 12 was added, stirred well, poured into a mold and stored at 4 ° C. overnight to prepare a test jelly. As a comparative jelly, a jelly containing 10 g of powdered egg yolk protein obtained by spray-drying the liquid of Example 2 instead of 10 g of powdered egg yolk protein of Example 12 was also prepared. The taste quality and odor of the test jelly and the comparative jelly were judged by ten skilled sensory panelists. As a result, the test jelly to which all 10 panelists added the powdered egg yolk protein containing almost no lipid component of the present invention has reduced egg odor and taste compared to the comparative jelly in which the lipid component remains. The egg yolk protein-containing jelly was evaluated as having a good flavor.
本発明は特異的卵黄抗体、及びそれらを含む卵黄水溶性タンパク質の工業的な製造に利用できる。脂質をほとんど含まない、卵黄タンパク質水溶液が下層に分離されることで、煩雑な操作を行うことなく、特異的卵黄抗体、及びそれらを含む卵黄水溶性タンパク質を含む水溶液を簡便に回収することができる。使用した特定分子量のデキストリンは粉末化基材として機能するため、回収した水層をそのまま噴霧乾燥し、長期間保存可能な卵黄抗体粉末を製造することができる。本発明で用いるデキストリンまたは高度分技環状デキストリンは食品原料であり、本発明により製造される卵黄タンパク質水溶液、及び乾燥卵黄タンパク質は、そのまま食品原料として使用できる。より精製度の高い特異的卵黄抗体、及びそれらを含む卵黄水溶性タンパク質はデキストリンを除去することにより製造可能である。また、副生する卵黄成分はダメージを受けておらず、そのまま再利用することができる。 The present invention can be used for industrial production of specific egg yolk antibodies and egg yolk water-soluble proteins containing them. By separating the aqueous solution of egg yolk protein containing almost no lipid into the lower layer, it is possible to easily recover the aqueous solution containing the specific egg yolk antibody and the egg yolk water-soluble protein containing them without complicated operations. . Since the dextrin having a specific molecular weight used functions as a powdered substrate, the collected aqueous layer can be spray-dried as it is to produce an egg yolk antibody powder that can be stored for a long period of time. The dextrin or highly-functional cyclic dextrin used in the present invention is a food raw material, and the egg yolk protein aqueous solution and dried egg yolk protein produced according to the present invention can be used as they are as a food raw material. Specific egg yolk antibodies with higher purity and egg yolk water-soluble proteins containing them can be produced by removing dextrin. Further, the egg yolk component produced as a by-product is not damaged and can be reused as it is.
Claims (9)
(1)卵黄と水とDE12以下のデキストリンを混合する工程、
(2)上層と下層に分離する工程、
(3) 卵黄タンパク質を含む下層を回収する工程、
からなる卵黄タンパク質の製造方法。 A method for producing egg yolk protein comprising the steps of:
(1) A step of mixing egg yolk, water and dextrin of DE12 or less,
(2) a step of separating the upper layer and the lower layer,
(3) recovering the lower layer containing egg yolk protein,
A method for producing egg yolk protein comprising:
A feed made from egg yolk protein obtained by the production method according to claim 1.
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JPS6438098A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1989-02-08 | Taiyo Kagaku Kk | Method for fractionating egg yolk lipoprotein and egg yolk water-soluble protein |
JPH02188533A (en) * | 1989-01-14 | 1990-07-24 | Gen Corp:Kk | Recovery of water-soluble protein from egg yolk |
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JPS6438098A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1989-02-08 | Taiyo Kagaku Kk | Method for fractionating egg yolk lipoprotein and egg yolk water-soluble protein |
JPH02188533A (en) * | 1989-01-14 | 1990-07-24 | Gen Corp:Kk | Recovery of water-soluble protein from egg yolk |
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