JP2009171948A - Method for producing dipeptide - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a protein having dipeptide synthetic activity using a protein having dipeptide synthetic activity, DNA encoding the protein, a recombinant DNA comprising the DNA, a transformant transformed by the recombinant DNA, and the transformant and so on, and a method for producing a dipeptide using culture products of a transformant or microorganism which produces a protein having dipeptide synthetic activity as enzyme resources. <P>SOLUTION: Provided are a method for producing a protein having dipeptide synthetic activity using a protein having dipeptide synthetic activity, DNA encoding the protein, a recombinant DNA comprising the DNA, a transformant transformed by the recombinant DNA, and the transformant and so on, and a method for producing a dipeptide using culture products of a transformant or microorganism which produces a protein having a dipeptide synthetic activity as enzyme resources. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity, a DNA encoding the protein, a recombinant DNA containing the DNA, a transformant transformed with the recombinant DNA, and a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity. The present invention relates to a method for producing a dipeptide using a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity, and a method for producing a dipeptide using a microorganism or a transformant that produces a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity.

Examples of proteins that are known to produce dipeptides by peptide bond-forming activity at the α-carboxyl group of L-amino acids include bacillicin synthase (see Patent Document 1), a dipeptide antibiotic derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus. Seth Aruborasu (Streptomyces Albulus) diketopiperazine synthase (see Patent Document 2) from and Ralstonia solanacearum (Ralstonia solanacearum) derived protein (see Patent Document 3) are known.

However, due to the substrate specificity of the enzyme, there are some dipeptides that are not sufficiently efficient in production, so a new dipeptide synthase with a different substrate specificity from the enzyme is required.
Kidney umbrella blight bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae, Pasoba-Faseorikora 1448a nucleotide sequence of chromosomal DNA of (Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicola 1448A) are known and the estimated ORF in chromosome DNA (see Non-Patent Document 1 ). Moreover, Pseudomonas syringae, Pasoba-Faseorikora NPS3121 in (Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicola NPS3121) , the causative agent of bulk blight file Se Oro toxin ^{(Phaseolotoxin) [N δ (N'} -sulfodiaminophosphinyl) -ornithyl-alanyl
-homoarginine] has also been identified (see Non-Patent Document 2), but the function of the protein encoded by PSPPH_4299 is not known, and PSPPH_4299 has dipeptide synthesis activity. It is not even known whether or not.
International Publication No. 2004/058960 Pamphlet International Publication No. 2005/103260 Pamphlet International Publication No. 2006/101023 Pamphlet J. Bacteriol., 187, 6488-98, 2005 J. Bacteriol., 189, 2834-43, 2007

  An object of the present invention is to provide a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity, a DNA encoding the protein, a recombinant DNA containing the DNA, a transformant transformed with the recombinant DNA, the transformant, etc. Use the method for producing a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity, a method for producing a dipeptide using a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity, and a transformant or microorganism culture producing a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity as an enzyme source. It is to provide a method for producing a dipeptide.

The present invention relates to the following (1) to (10).
(1) The protein according to any one of [1] to [3] below.
[1] Protein having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 [2] The amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 consisting of an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added, and synthesis of a dipeptide Protein having activity [3] A protein comprising an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and having dipeptide synthesis activity (2) [1] to [3] DNA as described in any of the above.
[1] DNA encoding the protein of (1) above
[2] DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1
[3] DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a DNA having a base sequence complementary to the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and encodes a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity
(3) A recombinant DNA containing the DNA of (2) above.

(4) A transformant having the recombinant DNA of (3) above.
(5) The transformant according to (4) above, wherein the transformant is a transformant obtained using a microorganism as a host.
(6) The transformant according to (5) above, wherein the microorganism is a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia .

(7) A microorganism having the ability to produce the protein of (1) above is cultured in a medium, the protein is produced and accumulated in the culture, and the protein is collected from the culture. Manufacturing method.
(8) The production method of (7) above, wherein the microorganism having the ability to produce the protein of (1) is any one of the transformants of (4) to (6) above.

(9) A culture of a microorganism having the ability to produce the protein of (1) or a treated product of the culture, or the protein of (1) and one or more amino acids in an aqueous medium, A method for producing a dipeptide, comprising producing and accumulating a dipeptide in a medium and collecting the dipeptide from the medium.
(10) The production method of (9) above, wherein the microorganism having the ability to produce the protein of (1) is any one of the transformants of (4) to (6) above.

  According to the present invention, a protein having an activity of synthesizing a dipeptide can be produced, and the dipeptide can be produced using the protein or a transformant or a microorganism having an ability to produce the protein.

1. Protein of the present invention As the protein of the present invention,
[1] a protein having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2,
[2] a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and having a dipeptide synthesis activity; and [3] represented by SEQ ID NO: 2. A protein having an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence and having a dipeptide synthesis activity,
Can give.

In the above, a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added and having dipeptide synthesis activity is Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1989) ( (Hereinafter abbreviated as Molecular Cloning 2nd edition), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons (1987-1997) (hereinafter abbreviated as Current Protocols in Molecular Biology), Nucleic Acids Research, 10 , 6487 (1982), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79 , 6409 (1982), Gene, 34 , 315 (1985), Nucleic Acids Research, 13 , 4431 (1985), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. By introducing a site-specific mutation into DNA encoding a protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, for example, using the site-directed mutagenesis method described in USA, 82 , 488 (1985), etc. Can get.

The number of amino acids to be deleted, substituted or added is not particularly limited, but is a number that can be deleted, substituted or added by a known method such as the above-described site-directed mutagenesis method, 1 to several tens, Preferably it is 1-20, More preferably, it is 1-10, More preferably, it is 1-5.
In the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added when one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added at any position in the same sequence. Good.

Examples of amino acid positions at which amino acid deletion or addition can be performed include one to several amino acids on the N-terminal side and C-terminal side of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
Deletions, substitutions or additions may occur simultaneously, and the amino acids substituted or added may be natural or non-natural. Natural amino acids include L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-arginine, L -Methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-valine, L-cysteine and the like.

Examples of amino acids that can be substituted with each other are shown below. Amino acids included in the same group can be substituted for each other.
Group A: leucine, isoleucine, norleucine, valine, norvaline, alanine, 2-aminobutanoic acid, methionine, O-methylserine, t-butylglycine, t-butylalanine, cyclohexylalanine Group B: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoaspartic acid, Isoglutamic acid, 2-aminoadipic acid, 2-aminosuberic acid Group C: asparagine, glutamine Group D: lysine, arginine, ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid Group E: proline, 3 -Hydroxyproline, 4-hydroxyproline Group F: serine, threonine, homoserine Group G: phenylalanine, tyrosine In order for the protein of the present invention to have dipeptide synthesis activity, it is homologous to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2. 80% or more, preferably 90% or more Preferably 95% or more, more preferably 98% or more, particularly preferably has a homology of 99% or more.

The homology of amino acid sequences and base sequences is based on the algorithm BLAST [Pro. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90 , 5873 (1993)] and FASTA [Methods Enzymol., 183 , 63 (1990)] by Karlin and Altschul Can be determined. Based on this algorithm BLAST, programs called BLASTN and BLASTX have been developed [J. Mol. Biol., 215 , 403 (1990)]. When a base sequence is analyzed by BLASTN based on BLAST, the parameters are, for example, Score = 100 and wordlength = 12. In addition, when an amino acid sequence is analyzed by BLASTX based on BLAST, the parameters are, for example, score = 50 and wordlength = 3. When using BLAST and Gapped BLAST programs, the default parameters of each program are used.

It consists of an amino acid sequence having 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, even more preferably 98% or more, particularly preferably 99% or more homology with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, A protein having dipeptide synthesis activity is also a protein of the present invention.
As a means for confirming that the protein of the present invention is a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity, for example, a transformant that expresses the protein of the present invention is prepared using a DNA recombination method, and the transformant is used. After producing the protein of the present invention, the protein of the present invention, one or more amino acids, preferably two amino acids selected from L-amino acid and glycine, and ATP are present in the aqueous medium, In addition, a method for analyzing whether or not a dipeptide is produced and accumulated by HPLC or the like can be mentioned.
2. DNA of the present invention
As the DNA of the present invention,
[1] DNA encoding the protein of the present invention of [1] to [3] in 1 above,
[2] hybridizes under stringent conditions with DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and [3] DNA having a base sequence complementary to the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; DNA encoding a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity,
Can give.

  The term “hybridize” as used herein refers to a step in which DNA hybridizes to DNA having a specific base sequence or a part of the DNA. Accordingly, the DNA having the specific base sequence or a part of the base sequence of the DNA is useful as a probe for Northern or Southern blot analysis, or has a length that can be used as an oligonucleotide primer for PCR analysis. May be. Examples of DNA used as a probe include DNA of at least 100 bases, preferably 200 bases or more, more preferably 500 bases or more, but may be DNA of at least 10 bases, preferably 15 bases or more. .

  Methods for DNA hybridization experiments are well known, for example, Molecular Cloning 2nd Edition, 3rd Edition (2001), Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, ASM Press (1994), Immunology methods manual, Academic press ( In addition to those described in Molecular), hybridization conditions can be determined and experiments can be performed according to a number of other standard textbooks.

  The above stringent conditions include, for example, a DNA-immobilized filter and probe DNA, 50% formamide, 5 × SSC (750 mM sodium chloride, 75 mM sodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.6). ), Incubated in a solution containing 5 × Denhardt's solution, 10% dextran sulfate, and 20 μg / l denatured salmon sperm DNA overnight at 42 ° C., for example, in a 0.2 × SSC solution at about 65 ° C. Conditions for washing the filter can be raised, but lower stringent conditions can also be used. Stringent conditions can be changed by adjusting the formamide concentration (lower stringent concentration reduces the stringency), and changing the salt concentration and temperature conditions. As low stringent conditions, for example, 6 × SSCE (20 × SSCE is 3 mol / l sodium chloride, 0.2 mol / l sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.02 mol / l EDTA, pH 7.4), 0.5% Incubate overnight at 37 ° C in a solution containing SDS, 30% formamide, 100 μg / l denatured salmon sperm DNA, then wash with 50 ° C 1x SSC, 0.1% SDS solution. I can give you. Further, examples of lower stringent conditions include conditions under which hybridization is performed using a solution having a high salt concentration (for example, 5 × SSC) under the low stringent conditions described above and then washed.

The various conditions described above can also be set by adding or changing a blocking reagent used to suppress the background of hybridization experiments. The addition of the blocking reagent described above may be accompanied by a change in hybridization conditions in order to adapt the conditions.
The DNA that can hybridize under the above stringent conditions includes, for example, at least the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 when calculated based on the above parameters using a program such as BLAST and FASTA described above. Examples thereof include DNA comprising a base sequence having a homology of 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, further preferably 98% or more, and particularly preferably 99% or more.

The fact that the DNA that hybridizes with the above-mentioned DNA under stringent conditions is a DNA that encodes a protein having a synthetic activity of dipeptide, so that a recombinant DNA that expresses the DNA is prepared, and the recombinant DNA Culturing a microorganism obtained by introducing the protein into a host cell, purifying the protein from the obtained culture, and using the purified protein as an enzyme source, the enzyme source and one or more amino acids, preferably L- Two amino acids selected from amino acid and glycine can be present in an aqueous medium, and whether or not a dipeptide is generated and accumulates in the aqueous medium can be confirmed by a method of analyzing by HPLC or the like.
3. Microorganisms and transformants used in the production method of the present invention The microorganisms and transformants used in the production method of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they are microorganisms and transformants capable of producing the protein of the present invention. but, as a microorganism, preferably a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), more preferably a microorganism belonging to Pseudomonas syringae (Pseudomonas syringae), more preferably it is possible to increase the Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A, transformant Examples of the body include a transformant transformed with a DNA encoding the protein of the present invention.

Examples of the transformant transformed with the DNA encoding the protein of the present invention include a transformant obtained by transforming a host cell by a known method using a recombinant DNA containing the above DNA 2. be able to. As the host cell, any of bacteria, yeast, animal cells, insect cells, plant cells and the like may be used, preferably bacteria, more preferably microorganisms belonging to the genus Escherichia .
4). DNA of DNA Preparation invention of the present invention are, for example, using probes that can be designed based on the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, preferably a microorganism belonging to Pseudomonas syringae, more preferably Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A Southern hybridization to chromosomal DNA library of, or using DNA primers can be designed based on the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, microorganisms, preferably belonging to the genus Pseudomonas , more preferably microorganisms belonging to Pseudomonas syringae, more preferably Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola PCR the chromosomal DNA as a template of 1448A [PCR Protocols, Academic Press ( 1990)] can be obtained by.

  Further, the DNA sequence encoding the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 with respect to various gene sequence databases and 85% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and still more preferably 98% or more Particularly preferably, a sequence having a homology of 99% or more is searched, and based on the base sequence obtained by the search, the method of the present invention is carried out by the method described above from the chromosomal DNA, cDNA library, etc. of the organism having the base sequence. DNA or DNA used in the production method of the present invention can also be obtained.

The obtained DNA is cleaved as it is or with an appropriate restriction enzyme, and incorporated into a vector by a conventional method. After the obtained recombinant DNA is introduced into a host cell, a commonly used nucleotide sequence analysis method such as the dideoxy method [ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 74 , 5463 (1977)] or ABI3700 DNA analyzer (Applied Biosystems) and other base sequence analyzers to determine the base sequence of the DNA can do.

As vectors for incorporating the DNA of the present invention, pBluescriptII KS (+) (manufactured by Stratagene), pDIRECT [Nucleic Acids Res., 18 , 6069 (1990)], pCR-Script Amp SK (+) (manufactured by Stratagene) ), PT7Blue (manufactured by Novagen), pCR II (manufactured by Invitrogen), pCR-TRAP (manufactured by Gene Hunter), and the like.
Examples of host cells include microorganisms belonging to the genus Escherichia. Examples of microorganisms belonging to the genus Escherichia include, for example, Escherichia coli XL1-Blue, Escherichia coli XL2-Blue, Escherichia coli DH1, Escherichia coli MC1000, Escherichia coli ATCC 12435, Escherichia coli W1485, Escherichia coli.・ Cori JM109, Escherichia coli HB101, Escherichia coli No.49, Escherichia coli W3110, Escherichia coli NY49, Escherichia coli MP347, Escherichia coli NM522, Escherichia coli BL21, Escherichia coli ME8415, etc. it can.

As a method for introducing recombinant DNA, any method can be used as long as it is a method for introducing DNA into the host cell. For example, a method using calcium ions [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 69 , 2110 (1972)], protoplast method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-248394), electroporation method [Nucleic Acids Res., 16 , 6127 (1988)] and the like.
If the obtained DNA has a partial length as a result of determining the base sequence, the full-length DNA can be obtained by Southern hybridization or the like for a chromosomal DNA library using the partial length DNA as a probe. .

Furthermore, based on the determined DNA base sequence, the target DNA can be prepared by chemical synthesis using a 8905 type DNA synthesizer manufactured by Perceptive Biosystems.
Examples of the DNA obtained as described above include DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
5. Method for producing transformant and microorganism used in the production method of the present invention Based on the DNA of the present invention, if necessary, a DNA fragment having an appropriate length containing a portion encoding the protein of the present invention is prepared. To do. In addition, a transformant with an improved production rate of the protein can be obtained by substituting the base in the base sequence of the protein-encoding portion so as to be an optimal codon for host expression.

A recombinant DNA is prepared by inserting the DNA fragment downstream of the promoter of an appropriate expression vector.
A transformant producing the protein of the present invention can be obtained by introducing the recombinant DNA into a host cell suitable for the expression vector.
Any host cell can be used as long as it can express the gene of interest, such as bacteria, yeast, animal cells, insect cells, and plant cells.

As the expression vector, one that can autonomously replicate in the host cell or can be integrated into a chromosome and contains a promoter at a position where the DNA of the present invention can be transcribed is used.
When a prokaryotic organism such as a bacterium is used as a host cell, the recombinant DNA having the DNA of the present invention can autonomously replicate in the prokaryotic organism, and at the same time, a promoter, ribosome binding sequence, DNA of the present invention, transcription termination It is preferably a recombinant DNA composed of a sequence. A gene that controls the promoter may also be included.

Expression vectors include pColdI (Takara Bio), pCDF-1b, pRSF-1b (Novagen), pMAL-c2x (New England Biolabs), pGEX-4T-1 (GE Healthcare Bio) Science), pTrcHis (Invitrogen), pSE280 (Invitrogen), pGEMEX-1 (Promega), pQE-30 (Qiagen), pET-3 (Novagen), pKYP10 58-110600), pKYP200 [Agric. Biol. Chem., 48 , 669 (1984)], pLSA1 [Agric. Biol. Chem., 53 , 277 (1989)], pGEL1 [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , USA, 82 , 4306 (1985)], pBluescriptII SK (+), pBluescript II KS (-) (Stratagene), pTrS30 [prepared from Escherichia coli JM109 / pTrS30 (FERM BP-5407)], pTrS32 [ prepared from Escherichia coli JM109 / pTrS32 (FERM BP-5408 )], pPAC31 (WO98 / 12343), pUC19 [Gene, 33, 103 (1985)], ( manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) pSTV28, pUC118 (Takara Bio Inc. , It can be exemplified pPA1 (JP 63-233798) and the like.

Any promoter can be used as long as it functions in a host cell such as Escherichia coli. For example, trp promoter (P _trp), cited lac promoter (P _lac), P _L promoter, P _R promoter and P _SE promoter, promoters derived from Escherichia coli or phage, such as, SPO1 promoter, SPO2 promoter, the penP promoter and the like be able to. In addition, artificially designed and modified promoters such as a promoter in which two P _trp are connected in series, tac promoter, lacT7 promoter, let I promoter, and the like can also be used.

Furthermore, xylA promoter [Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 35 , 594-599 (1991)] for expression in microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus and P54- for expression in microorganisms belonging to the genus Corynebacterium 6 Promoters [Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 53 , 674-679 (2000)] can also be used.
It is preferable to use a plasmid in which the distance between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, which is a ribosome binding sequence, and the initiation codon is adjusted to an appropriate distance (for example, 6 to 18 bases).

In the recombinant DNA in which the DNA of the present invention is bound to an expression vector, a transcription termination sequence is not necessarily required, but it is preferable to place the transcription termination sequence immediately below the structural gene.
An example of such a recombinant DNA is pET30Xa / LIC-PSPPH_4299.

As prokaryotes, belonging to the genus Escherichia, Serratia (Serratia), Bacillus, Brevibacterium (Brevibacterium) genus Corynebacterium (Corynebacterium) genus, the genus Brevibacterium (Microbacterium), Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) genus, Agrobacterium (Agrobacterium) genus, belonging to the genus Alicyclobacillus (Alicyclobacillus), Anabaena (Anabena) genus Anashisutisu (Anacystis) genus Asuro Acetobacter (Arthrobacter) genus Azotobacter (Azotobacter) genus Kuromachiumu (Chromatium) genus Erwinia (Erwinia) genus, Methylobacterium (Methylobacterium) genus, Phormidium (Phormidium) genus Rhodobacter (Rhodobacter) genus, Rhodopseudomonas (Rhodopseudomonas) genus, Rodosupiriumu (Rhodospirillum) genus Scenedesmus (Scenedesmus) genus Streptomyces Streptomyces) genus, Shinekokkasu (Synechoccus) genus, microorganisms belonging to Zymomonas (Zymomonas) species, such as, for example, Escherichia coli XL1-Blue, Escherichia coli XL2-Blue, Escherichia coli DH1, Escherichia coli DH5α, Escherichia coli MC1000 , Escherichia coli KY3276, Escherichia coli W1485, Escherichia coli JM109, Escherichia coli HB101, Escherichia coli No.49, Escherichia coli W3110, Escherichia coli NY49, Escherichia coli MP347, Escherichia coli MP347, Escherichia coli E. coli BL21, Bacillus subtilis ATCC33712, Bacillus megaterium , Brevibacterium ammoniagenes , Brevibacterium immariophilum A TCC14068, Brevibacterium Sacca Lori tee cam (Brevibacterium saccharolyticum) ATCC14066, Brevibacterium flavum (Brevibacterium flavum) ATCC14067, Brevibacterium lactofermentum (Brevibacterium lactofermentum) ATCC13869, Corynebacterium glutamicum (Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC13032 , Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC14297, Corynebacterium acetamide A Sid film (Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum) ATCC13870, micro Corynebacterium ammoniagenes film (Microbacterium ammoniaphilum) ATCC15354, Serratia Fikaria (Serratia ficaria), Serratia Fonchikora (Serratia fonticola), Serratia・Serratia liquefaciens , Serratia marcescens , Pseudomonas sp. D-0110, Agrobacterium radiobacter , Agrobacterium rhizogenes , Agrobacterium rubi , Anabaena cylindrica , Anabaena doliolum ), Anabaena floss Aqua (Anabaena flos-aquae), Arthrobacter Ore' sense (Arthrobacter aurescens), Arthrobacter citreus (Arthrobacter citreus), Arthrobacter glob folder miss (Arthrobacter globformis), Arthrobacter Hydrocarboglutamicus ( Arthrobacter hydrocarboglutamicus ), Arthrobacter mysorens , Arthrobacter nicotianae , Arthrobacter paraffineus ( Arthrobacter paraffineus) s), Arthrobacter proto folder Mie (Arthrobacter protophormiae), Arthrobacter Rose opal Rafi eggplant (Arthrobacter roseoparaffinus), Arthrobacter sulphureus (Arthrobacter sulfureus), Arthrobacter urea tumefaciens (Arthrobacter ureafaciens), Kuromachiumu-Buderi (Chromatium buderi), Kuromachiumu-Tepidamu (Chromatium tepidum), Kuromachiumu-Binosamu (Chromatium vinosum), Kuromachiumu-Wamingi (Chromatium warmingii), Kuromachiumu-Furubiatatire (Chromatium fluviatile), Erwinia Uredobara (Erwinia uredovora), Erwinia Karotobara (Erwinia carotovora), Erwinia Anas (Erwinia ananas), Erwinia Herikora (Erwinia herbicola), Erwinia Pankutata (Erwinia punctata), Erwinia tele Scan (Erwinia terreus), Methylobacterium-Rodeshianamu (Methylobacterium rhodesianum), Methylobacterium-exo torque Enns (Methylobacterium extorquens), Phormidium sp (Phormidium sp.) ATCC29409, Rhodobacter Kapusuratasu (Rhodobacter capsulatus), Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Rhodobacter sphaeroides), Rod Pseudomonas Burasuchika (Rhodopseudomonas blastica), Rod Pseudomonas Marina (Rhodopseudomonas marina), Rod Pseudomonas pulse tris (Rhodopseudomonas palustris), Rodosupiriumu-Riburamu (Rhodospirillum rubrum), Rodosupiriumu-Sarekishigensu (Rhodospirillum salexigens ), Rodosupiriumu-Sarinaramu (Rhodospirillum salinarum), Streptomyces ambofaciens (Streptomyces ambofaciens), Strep Streptomyces aureofaciens , Streptomyces aureus , Streptomyces fungicidicus , Streptomyces griseochromogenes , Streptomyces griseochromogenes , Streptomyces griseochromogenes Streptomyces griseus), Streptomyces lividans (Streptomyces lividans, Streptomyces Oriboguriseusu (Streptomyces olivogriseus), Streptomyces Rameusu (Streptomyces rameus), Streptomyces Tanashienshisu (Streptomyces tanashiensis), Streptomyces Binaseusu (Streptomyces vinaceus), Zymomonas mobilis (Zymomonas mobilis), or the like can be mentioned.

As a method for introducing recombinant DNA, any method can be used as long as it is a method for introducing DNA into the host cell. For example, a method using calcium ions [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 69 , 2110 (1972)], protoplast method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-248394), electroporation method [Nucleic Acids Res., 16 , 6127 (1988)] and the like.
When using a yeast strain as a host cell, YEp13 (ATCC37115), YEp24 (ATCC37051), YCp50 (ATCC37419), pHS19, pHS15 etc. can be used as an expression vector, for example.

Any promoter may be used as long as it functions in yeast strains. For example, PHO5 promoter, PGK promoter, GAP promoter, ADH promoter, gal 1 promoter, gal 10 promoter, heat shock polypeptide promoter And promoters such as MFα1 promoter and CUP 1 promoter.
As the host cell, Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces) sp., Schizosaccharomyces (Schizosaccharomyces) genus Kluyveromyces (Kluyveromyces) genus Trichosporon (Trichosporon) genus, wrinkles niobium My Mrs. (Schwanniomyces) genus Pichia (Pichia) sp., Or candy Examples include yeast strains belonging to the genus Candida , and specifically, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Schizosaccharomyces pombe , Kluyveromyces lactis , Trichosporon pullulans (Trichosporon pullulans), Shiwaniomaisesu-Arubiusu (Schwanniomyces alluvius), Pichia pastoris (Pichia pastoris), it is possible to increase the Candida utilis (Candida utilis) and the like.

As a method for introducing recombinant DNA, any method for introducing DNA into yeast can be used. For example, electroporation method [Methods Enzymol., 194 , 182 (1990)], spheroplast method [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 81 , 4889 (1984)], lithium acetate method [J. Bacteriol., 153 , 163 (1983)] and the like.
When animal cells are used as hosts, examples of expression vectors include pcDNAI, pcDM8 (commercially available from Funakoshi), pAGE107 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-22979), pAS3-3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-227075), pCDM8 [Nature, 329 , 840 (1987)], pcDNAI / Amp (manufactured by Invitrogen), pREP4 (manufactured by Invitrogen), pAGE103 [J. Biochem, 101 , 1307 (1987)], pAGE210, pAMo, pAMoA and the like can be used.

  Any promoter can be used as long as it functions in animal cells. For example, cytomegalovirus (CMV) IE (immediate early) gene promoter, SV40 early promoter or metallothionein promoter, retrovirus Promoters, heat shock promoters, SRα promoters, and the like. In addition, an IE gene enhancer of human CMV may be used together with a promoter.

Host cells include mouse myeloma cells, rat myeloma cells, mouse hybridoma cells, human cells such as Namalwa cells or Namalva KJM-1 cells, human fetal kidney cells, human leukemia cells, African green monkey kidney cells CHO cells that are Chinese hamster cells, HBT5637 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-299), and the like.
As mouse myeloma cells, SP2 / 0, NSO, etc., as rat myeloma cells, YB2 / 0, etc., as human fetal kidney cells, HEK293 (ATCC CRL-1573), as human leukemia cells, as BALL-1, etc., Africa Examples of green monkey kidney cells include COS-1, COS-7, and the like.

As a method for introducing recombinant DNA, any method for introducing DNA into animal cells can be used. For example, electroporation [Cytotechnology, 3 , 133 (1990)], calcium phosphate method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open 2-227075), lipofection method [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 84 , 7413 (1987)], Virology, 52 , 456 (1973), and the like.

When using insect cells as a host, for example, Baculovirus Expression Vectors, A Laboratory Manual, WH Freeman and Company, New York (1992), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology, A Laboratory Manual, Bio Protein can be produced by the method described in / Technology, 6 , 47 (1988).

That is, the recombinant gene transfer vector and baculovirus are co-introduced into insect cells to obtain the recombinant virus in the insect cell culture supernatant, and then the recombinant virus is further infected into insect cells to produce proteins. it can.
Examples of gene transfer vectors used in the method include pVL1392, pVL1393, pBlueBacIII (all manufactured by Invitrogen) and the like.

As the baculovirus, for example, an autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, which is a virus that infects the night stealing insects, can be used.
As insect cells, podocytes of Spodoptera frugiperda , ovary cells of Trichoplusia ni , cultured cells derived from silkworm ovary, and the like can be used.

Spodoptera frugiperda ovary cells are Sf9, Sf21 (Baculovirus Expression Vectors A Laboratory Manual), etc., Trichopulcia ni ovary cells are High 5, BTI-TN-5B1-4 (manufactured by Invitrogen) Examples of cultured cells derived from the silkworm ovary include Bombyx mori N4.
Examples of the method for co-introducing the recombinant gene introduction vector and the baculovirus into insect cells for preparing a recombinant virus include, for example, the calcium phosphate method (JP-A-2-27075), the lipofection method [Proc. Natl. Acad Sci., USA, 84 , 7413 (1987)].

When plant cells are used as host cells, examples of expression vectors include Ti plasmids and tobacco mosaic virus vectors.
Any promoter may be used as long as it functions in plant cells, and examples thereof include cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, rice actin 1 promoter and the like.

Examples of the host cell include plant cells such as tobacco, potato, tomato, carrot, soybean, rape, alfalfa, rice, wheat and barley.
As a method for introducing a recombinant vector, any method can be used as long as it is a method for introducing DNA into plant cells. For example, a method using Agrobacterium (JP 59-140885, JP 60). -70080, WO94 / 00977), electroporation method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-251887), a method using a particle gun (gene gun) (Patent No. 2606856, Patent No. 2517813), and the like.
6). Production method of the protein of the present invention The transformant obtained by the above method 5 is cultured in a medium, the protein of the present invention is produced and accumulated in the culture, and the protein is produced by collecting from the culture. can do.

The host of the transformant for producing the protein of the present invention may be any of bacteria, yeast, animal cells, insect cells, plant cells, etc., preferably bacteria, more preferably belonging to the genus Escherichia. And microorganisms belonging to Escherichia coli, more preferably.
When expressed in yeast, animal cells, insect cells, or plant cells, a protein with a sugar or sugar chain added can be obtained.

The method of culturing the transformant in a medium can be performed according to a usual method used for culturing a host.
As a medium for culturing a transformant obtained by using a prokaryote such as Escherichia coli or a eukaryote such as yeast as a host, the medium contains a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts, etc. that can be assimilated by the organism, Either a natural medium or a synthetic medium may be used as long as the medium can efficiently culture the transformant.

The carbon source may be anything that can be assimilated by the organism, such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, molasses containing these, carbohydrates such as starch or starch hydrolysate, organic acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid, ethanol, Alcohols such as propanol can be used.
Nitrogen sources include ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate, ammonium salts of organic acids such as ammonium phosphate, other nitrogen-containing compounds, peptone, meat extract, yeast extract, corn steep liquor, casein A hydrolyzate, soybean meal, soybean meal hydrolyzate, various fermented cells, digests thereof, and the like can be used.

As the inorganic salt, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, calcium carbonate and the like can be used.
The culture is usually carried out under aerobic conditions such as shaking culture or deep aeration stirring culture. The culture temperature is preferably 15 to 40 ° C., and the culture time is usually 5 hours to 7 days. During the culture, the pH is maintained at 3.0 to 9.0. The pH is adjusted using an inorganic or organic acid, an alkaline solution, urea, calcium carbonate, ammonia or the like.

Moreover, you may add antibiotics, such as an ampicillin and a tetracycline, to a culture medium as needed during culture | cultivation.
When culturing a microorganism transformed with an expression vector using an inducible promoter as a promoter, an inducer may be added to the medium as necessary. For example, isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside is used when cultivating a microorganism transformed with an expression vector using the lac promoter, and indole acrylic is used when a microorganism transformed with an expression vector using the trp promoter is cultured. An acid or the like may be added to the medium.

As a medium for culturing a transformant obtained by using an animal cell as a host, a commonly used RPMI1640 medium [J. Am. Med. Assoc., 199 , 519 (1967)], Eagle's MEM medium [Science, 122 , 501 (1952)], DMEM medium [Virology, 8 , 396 (1959)], 199 medium [Proc. Soc. Biol. Med., 73 , 1 (1950)] or fetal calf serum in these media Etc. can be used.

The culture is usually performed for 1 to 7 days under conditions such as pH 6 to 8, 25 to 40 ° C., and the presence of 5% CO ₂ .
Moreover, you may add antibiotics, such as kanamycin, penicillin, streptomycin, to a culture medium as needed during culture | cultivation.
As a medium for culturing a transformant obtained using insect cells as a host, commonly used TNM-FH medium (manufactured by Farmingen), Sf-900 II SFM medium (manufactured by Life Technologies), ExCell400 ExCell405 [all manufactured by JRH Biosciences], Grace's Insect Medium [Nature, 195 , 788 (1962)] and the like can be used.

Cultivation is usually carried out for 1 to 5 days under conditions of pH 6 to 7, 25 to 30 ° C.
Moreover, you may add antibiotics, such as a gentamicin, to a culture medium as needed during culture | cultivation.
A transformant obtained using a plant cell as a host can be cultured as a cell or differentiated into a plant cell or organ. As a medium for culturing the transformant, a generally used Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, a White medium, or a medium in which a plant hormone such as auxin or cytokinin is added to these mediums or the like is used. be able to.

The culture is usually performed under conditions of pH 5-9 and 20-40 ° C. for 3-60 days.
Moreover, you may add antibiotics, such as kanamycin and a hygromycin, to a culture medium as needed during culture | cultivation.
Examples of the method for producing the protein of the present invention include a method for producing in the host cell, a method for secreting it outside the host cell, and a method for producing it on the outer cell membrane of the host cell. The structure can be changed.

When the protein of the present invention is produced in the host cell or on the outer membrane of the host cell, the method of Paulson et al. [J. Biol. Chem., 264 , 17619 (1989)], the method of Rowe et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad Sci., USA, 86 , 8227 (1989), Genes Develop., 4 , 1288 (1990)], or Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 05-336963, WO94 / 23021. It can be actively secreted extracellularly.

That is, by using a gene recombination technique, a protein containing the active site of the protein of the present invention can be produced in a form in which a signal peptide is added before the protein to actively secrete the protein outside the host cell. it can.
Further, according to the method described in JP-A-2-27075, the production amount can be increased by using a gene amplification system using a dihydrofolate reductase gene or the like.

Furthermore, by redifferentiating the cells of the transgenic animal or plant, the animal individual (transgenic non-human animal) or plant individual (transgenic plant) into which the gene has been introduced is created, The protein of the invention can also be produced.
When the transformant producing the protein of the present invention is an animal individual or a plant individual, the protein is bred or cultivated according to a normal method, the protein is produced and accumulated, and the protein is collected from the animal individual or plant individual. Thus, the protein can be produced.

As a method for producing the protein of the present invention using an animal individual, for example, a known method [Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 63 , 639S (1996), Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 63 , 627S ( 1996), Bio / Technology, 9 , 830 (1991)], a method for producing the protein of the present invention in an animal constructed by introducing a gene.
In the case of an animal individual, for example, a transgenic non-human animal into which the DNA of the present invention or the DNA used in the production method of the present invention is introduced is bred, and the protein of the present invention is produced and accumulated in the animal. By collecting the protein from the inside, the protein can be produced. Examples of the place where the protein in the animal is produced and accumulated include milk of the animal (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-309192), eggs and the like. Any promoter can be used as long as it functions in animals. For example, a casein promoter, β casein promoter, β lactoglobulin promoter, whey acidity, which is a mammary cell specific promoter, can be used. A protein promoter or the like is preferably used.

As a method for producing the protein of the present invention using a plant individual, for example, a transgenic plant introduced with a DNA encoding the protein of the present invention can be obtained by a known method [tissue culture, 20 (1994), tissue culture, 21 (1995 ), Trends Biotechnol., 15 , 45 (1997)], producing and accumulating the protein in the plant, and collecting the protein from the plant to produce the protein. can give.

As a method for isolating and purifying the protein of the present invention produced by using the transformant producing the protein of the present invention, a usual enzyme isolation and purification method can be used.
For example, when the protein of the present invention is produced in a dissolved state in the cells, the cells are collected by centrifugation after culturing, suspended in an aqueous buffer solution, an ultrasonic crusher, a French press, a manton. Cells are disrupted with a Gaurin homogenizer, dynomill, etc. to obtain a cell-free extract.

  From the supernatant obtained by centrifuging the cell-free extract, an ordinary enzyme isolation and purification method, that is, a solvent extraction method, a salting-out method using ammonium sulfate, a desalting method, a precipitation method using an organic solvent, diethylamino Anion exchange chromatography using a resin such as ethyl (DEAE) -Sepharose, DIAION HPA-75 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei), a cation using a resin such as S-Sepharose FF (manufactured by GE Healthcare Bioscience) Exchange chromatography method, hydrophobic chromatography method using resin such as butyl sepharose, phenyl sepharose, gel filtration method using molecular sieve, affinity chromatography method, chromatofocusing method, electrophoresis method such as isoelectric focusing etc. These methods can be used alone or in combination to obtain a purified preparation.

In addition, when the protein is produced by forming an insoluble substance in the cell, the protein is similarly collected from the precipitate fraction obtained by crushing and then centrifuging the cell, and the protein is obtained by a conventional method. After recovery, the protein insoluble material is solubilized with a protein denaturant.
The solubilized solution is diluted or dialyzed into a dilute solution that does not contain a protein denaturing agent or the concentration of the protein denaturing agent does not denature the protein, and the protein is constituted into a normal three-dimensional structure. A purified sample can be obtained by the same isolation and purification method.

When the protein of the present invention or a derivative such as a sugar modification product thereof is secreted extracellularly, the protein or its derivative such as a sugar adduct can be recovered in the culture supernatant.
That is, a soluble fraction is obtained by treating the culture by a technique such as centrifugation as described above, and a purified preparation is obtained from the soluble fraction by using the same isolation and purification method as described above. be able to.

Examples of the protein thus obtained include a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
In addition, the protein of the present invention can be produced as a fusion protein with another protein, and purified using affinity chromatography using a substance having affinity for the fused protein. For example, the method described in Law et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 86 , 8227 (1989), Genes Develop., 4 , 1288 (1990)], JP-A-5-336963, WO94 / 23021 In accordance with the above, the protein of the present invention can be produced as a fusion protein with protein A and purified by affinity chromatography using immunoglobulin G.

In addition, the protein of the present invention is produced as a fusion protein with a Flag peptide, and affinity chromatography using an anti-Flag antibody [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 86 , 8227 (1989), Genes Develop., 4 , 1288 (1990)], or can be purified by affinity chromatography using a metal coordination resin produced as a fusion protein with polyhistidine and having a high affinity with polyhistidine. Furthermore, it can also be purified by affinity chromatography using an antibody against the protein itself.

Based on the amino acid sequence information of the protein obtained above, the protein of the present invention is produced by chemical synthesis methods such as Fmoc method (fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl method), tBoc method (t-butyloxycarbonyl method), etc. be able to. Chemical synthesis can also be performed using peptide synthesizers such as Advanced ChemTech, Perkin Elmer, Pharmacia, Protein Technology Instrument, Synthecell-Vega, PerSeptive, Shimadzu Corporation.
7). Production method of the dipeptide of the present invention The culture of the microorganism or transformant of the above 3 or a processed product of the culture, or the protein of the above 1 of the present invention and one or more amino acids are present in an aqueous medium, A dipeptide can be produced by producing and accumulating a dipeptide in a medium and collecting the dipeptide from the medium.
(1) Dipeptide production method using the protein of the present invention as an enzyme source In the production method of the present invention, when the protein of the present invention is used as an enzyme source, one or more amino acids used as a substrate, preferably 1 or 2 More preferably, the two amino acids are amino acids, preferably L-amino acids, amino acids selected from the group consisting of glycine (Gly) and β-alanine (β-Ala). May be used in combination. Examples of L-amino acids include L-alanine (L-Ala), L-glutamine (L-Gln), L-glutamic acid (L-Glu), L-valine (L-Val), and L-leucine (L-Leu). ), L-isoleucine (L-Ile), L-proline (L-Pro), L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), L-tryptophan (L-Trp), L-methionine (L-Met), L-serine (L-Ser), L-threonine (L-Thr), L-cysteine (L-Cys), L-asparagine (L-Asn), L-tyrosine (L-Tyr), L-lysine (L-Lys) , L-arginine (L-Arg), L-histidine (L-His), L-aspartic acid (L-Asp), L-Homoarginine (L-HomoArg), L-α-Amino butyric acid, L-Azaserine, Examples thereof include L-theanine, L-4-Hydroxyproline, L-3-Hydroxyproline, L-Ornithine, L-Citrulline and L-6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucine.

  Preferred amino acids used in the above production method include Gly, L-Ala, L-Gln, L-Glu, L-Val, L-Leu, L-Ile, L-Pro, L-Phe, L-Trp, One or two selected from L-Met, L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Cys, L-Asn, L-Tyr, L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His, L-Asp and L-HomoArg One amino acid selected from L-Ala, L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Cys and Gly and L-Gln, L-Asn, L-Val, L-Leu A combination with one L-amino acid selected from L-Ile, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Tyr, L-Met, L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His and L-HomoArg, L -Ala combined with one amino acid selected from L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Cys and Gly, L-Ser combined with one amino acid selected from L-Thr, L-Cys and Gly The combination of L-Thr and L-Cys or Gly and the combination of L-Cys and Gly can be mentioned, and more preferred amino acids include L-Ala, L-Ser, L-Thr, and L-Cys. Selected from L-Gln, L-Asn, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Tyr, L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His and L-HomoArg The most preferred amino acids include one amino acid selected from L-Ala, L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Cys and Gly, and L-Gln, L- Examples include combinations with one type of L-amino acid selected from Asn, L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His, and L-HomoArg.

In the above production method, the protein of the present invention is added in an amount of 0.01 to 100 mg, preferably 0.1 to 10 mg, per 1 mg of amino acid used as a substrate.
In the above production method, the amino acid used as the substrate is added to the aqueous medium at the beginning or in the middle of the reaction so as to have a concentration of 0.1 to 500 g / L, preferably 0.2 to 200 g / L.
In the above production method, ATP can be used as an energy source, and ATP is used at a concentration of 0.5 mmol to 10 mol / L.

  The aqueous medium used in the above production method may be an aqueous medium of any component and composition as long as it does not inhibit the dipeptide formation reaction. For example, water, phosphate, carbonate, acetate, borate, Examples thereof include buffers such as citrate and Tris. Further, it may contain alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, esters such as ethyl acetate, ketones such as acetone, and amides such as acetamide.

The dipeptide production reaction is carried out in an aqueous medium at pH 5-11, preferably pH 6-10, 20-50 ° C, preferably 25-45 ° C, for 2-150 hours, preferably 6-120 hours.
Dipeptides produced by the above method include L-Ala, L-Gln, L-Glu, L-Val, L-Leu, L-Ile, L-Pro, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Met, Amino acids selected from L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Cys, L-Asn, L-Tyr, L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His, L-Asp, Gly and L-HomoArg are linked by peptide bonds One amino acid selected from L-Ala, L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Cys and Gly and L-Gln, L-Asn, L-Val, L-Leu, L-Ile, A dipeptide in which one L-amino acid selected from L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Tyr, L-Met, L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His and L-HomoArg is linked by a peptide bond, L A dipeptide in which Ala and one amino acid selected from L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Cys and Gly are linked by a peptide bond, one selected from L-Ser and L-Thr, L-Cys and Gly Dipeptides in which L-Thr and L-Cys or Gly are linked by peptide bonds, and L-Cys and Gly in peptides. A dipeptide linked by a bond, more preferably one amino acid selected from L-Ala, L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Cys and Gly and L-Gln, L-Asn, L-Phe, L-Trp , L-Tyr, L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His and a dipeptide in which one L-amino acid selected from L-HomoArg is linked by a peptide bond, more preferably L-Ala and L-Gln, L A dipeptide in which one L-amino acid selected from -Asn, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Met, L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His and L-HomoArg is linked by a peptide bond, and L -Dipeptides in which one amino acid selected from -Ser, L-Thr and Gly and one L-amino acid selected from L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His and L-Gln are linked by a peptide bond Particularly preferably of formula I

(However, when R ¹ is L-Ala, R ² is from L-Gln, L-Asn, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Met, L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His and L-HomoArg. One L-amino acid selected, and when R ¹ is one amino acid selected from L-Ser, L-Thr and Gly, R ² is L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His and L- A dipeptide in which two amino acids represented by L-Ala-L-Gln, L-Ala-L-Lys, L-Ala-L-Arg, L-Ala-L-His, L-Ala-L-HomoArg, Gly-L-His, L-Thr-L-Arg, L-Ser-L-Gln and L-Ser-L-His .
(2) Dipeptide production method using culture or treated product of microorganism or transformant as enzyme source The microorganism or transformant culture used as the enzyme source in the production method of the present invention includes the microorganism Or the culture obtained by culture | cultivating a transformant with said 6 culture methods can be mention | raise | lifted. The treated product of the culture of the microorganism or transformant includes the concentrate of the culture, the dried product of the culture, the cells obtained by centrifuging or filtering the culture, the drying of the cells. , A lyophilized product of the microbial cell, a surfactant-treated product of the microbial cell, a solvent-treated product of the microbial cell, an enzyme-treated product of the microbial cell, and an immobilized product of the microbial cell. Containing viable cells that retain the same function as the product, ultrasonically treated product of the cell, mechanically ground product of the cell, and crude enzyme extraction obtained from the treated cell You can give things.

In the case of using a transformant or a culture of microorganisms or a processed product of the microorganism as an enzyme source, examples of the one or more amino acids used for the substrate include the same amino acids as in (1) above.
The amount of the enzyme source varies depending on the specific activity of the enzyme source or the like, but for example, 5 to 1000 mg, preferably 10 to 400 mg is added as wet cell weight per 1 mg of amino acid used as a substrate.
The amino acid used as a substrate can be added to the aqueous medium in the same manner as (1) above. Similar to (1) above, ATP can be present in an aqueous medium and used as an energy source.

As the aqueous medium, the above medium (1) can be used. In addition, the culture supernatant of the microorganism or transformant culture used for the enzyme source can also be used as the aqueous medium.
The reaction conditions for the dipeptide production reaction can be the same as those described in (1) above.
Examples of the dipeptide produced by the above method include the same dipeptide as in the above (1).

In the production methods of (1) and (2) above, the dipeptide produced and accumulated in the aqueous medium can be collected by an ordinary method using activated carbon, ion exchange resin or the like, or extraction with organic solvent, crystallization, thin layer chromatography. Can be carried out by chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and the like.
Examples are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

In the following examples, analysis and quantification of dipeptides and amino acids by HPLC were performed by the following methods.
Dipeptides and amino acids were analyzed by HPLC after derivatization with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-L-alaninamide sodium (Nα-FDAA). Derivatization using Nα-FDAA was performed by adding 50 μl of 0.5% Nα-FDAA acetone solution and 40 μl of 0.5 mol / l sodium carbonate aqueous solution to 100 μl of a sample diluted with pure water and stirring at 40 ° C. It was performed by leaving still for 60 minutes.

Next, 40 μl of 1 mol / l hydrochloric acid and 770 μl of methanol added and stirred were used as FDAA samples.
The FDAA sample was analyzed and quantified using a WH-C18A column (Hitachi Science Systems, 4 × 150 mm). The following conditions were used for the HPLC analysis conditions.
The mobile phase contains 50 mmol / l potassium phosphate buffer (pH 2.7, pH adjusted with phosphoric acid), acetonitrile and methanol in a 18: 1: 1 mixing ratio A, 50 mmol / l phosphorus. A mobile phase B in which the mixing ratio of potassium buffer (pH 2.7, pH adjustment with phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile and methanol is 12: 7: 1, and the mixing ratio of acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and water is 3: 1: 1 Mobile phase C was used. The flow rate of the mobile phase is 0.5 ml / min, and the mixing ratio of the mobile phase A, the mobile phase B, and the mobile phase C is pattern 1 and the gradient from 100: 0: 0 to 55: 45: 0 for 0-24 minutes, 24-30 minutes is a constant 55: 45: 0, 30-50 minutes is a gradient from 55: 45: 0 to 0: 100: 0, 50-55 minutes is a constant 0: 100: 0, 55-60 Minutes are from 0: 100: 0 to 0: 0: 100, 60-62 minutes are constant from 0: 0: 100, 62-62.1 minutes are from 0: 0: 100 to 100: 0: 0, 62.1-80 minutes was changed to a constant of 100: 0: 0. As pattern 2, 0-40 minutes is a gradient from 100: 0: 0 to 55: 45: 0, 40-50 minutes is a constant 55: 45: 0, 50-51 minutes is 55: 45: 0 to 0: Slope to 100: 0, 51-56 minutes is constant at 0: 100: 0, 56-57 minutes is from 0: 100: 0 to 0: 0: 100, 57-60 minutes is 0: 0: 100 was constant, 60-61 minutes were changed from 0: 0: 100 to 100: 0: 0, and 61-81 minutes were changed to 100: 0: 0. Also, as pattern 3, 0-55 minutes is a slope from 100: 0: 0 to 55: 45: 0, 55-55.1 minutes is a slope from 55: 45: 0 to 0: 100: 0, 55.1-58 minutes is 0: 100: 0 constant, 58-58.1 minutes from 0: 100: 0 to 0: 0: 100, 58.1-60 minutes constant 0: 0: 100, 60-60.1 minutes 0: 0 The gradient from: 100 to 100: 0: 0, 60.1-80 minutes was changed to a constant of 100: 0: 0. The column temperature was 40 ° C., and ultraviolet absorption at 340 nm was measured. Depending on the product, the combinations of mobile phase mixing ratios (patterns 1 to 3) were changed.

Construction of PSPPH — 4299 Gene Expression Strain DNA having the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 was obtained from the chromosomal DNA of Pseudomonas syringae pasovar phaseolicola 1448A (ATCC BAA-978) by the following procedure.
Chromosomal DNA (ATCC BAA-978D) of Pseudomonas syringae pasovar phaseolicola 1448A was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
PCR was carried out using the synthetic DNAs having the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4 as a primer set and the chromosomal DNA of Pseudomonas syringae, Pasova, Phaseolicola 1448A as a template. PCR is 0.50pg of chromosomal DNA, 0.3μmol / L of each primer, 1 unit of KOD plus DNA polymerase (Toyobo), 5μL of KOD plus DNA polymerase × 10 buffer (Toyobo), 200μmol / Prepare 50 μL of reaction solution containing L dNTP (dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP), heat at 94 ° C for 120 seconds, then 94 ° C for 15 seconds, 50 ° C for 30 seconds, 68 ° C for 120 seconds Was repeated 25 times and further heated at 68 ° C. for 5 minutes.

A 1/10 volume of the reaction solution was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and it was confirmed by PCR that a DNA fragment of about 1.3 kb was amplified.
Next, prepare 20 μL of the reaction solution containing 1.46 μL of the remaining reaction solution, 2.5 mM dGTP, 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 1 unit of T4 DNA polymerase, and 2 μL of T10 DNA polymerase × 10 buffer. After reacting at 22 ° C. for 30 minutes, the reaction was stopped by heating at 75 ° C. for 20 minutes.

After 2 μL of this reaction solution and 1 μL of LIV vector pET-30 Xa / LIC (Novagen) were mixed and reacted at 22 ° C. for 5 minutes, 1 μL of 25 mM EDTA was added and further reacted at 22 ° C. for minutes.
Escherichia coli JM109 strain was transformed using the reaction solution by a method using calcium ions, the transformant was applied to an LB agar medium containing 25 μg / mL kanamycin, and then cultured at 30 ° C. overnight. Transformants were selected.

The transformed strain was cultured overnight in LB medium containing 20 μg / ml kanamycin, and a plasmid was prepared from the obtained culture solution by the alkaline SDS method.
Restriction enzyme cleavage analysis was performed, and the plasmid was confirmed to be a plasmid having a structure in which the DNA fragment of about 1.3 kb obtained above was inserted into pET-30 Xa / LIC. The plasmid was named pET30Xa / LIC-PSPPH_4299.

Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain was transformed with pET30Xa / LIC-PSPPH_4299 by a method using calcium ions, and the transformant was applied to an LB agar medium containing 25 μg / mL kanamycin, and then at 30 ° C. After overnight culture, transformants were selected.
As a result of extracting a plasmid from the grown colonies of the transformant by alkaline SDS method and analyzing its structure using a restriction enzyme, it was confirmed that pET30Xa / LIC-PSPPH_4299 was retained.

  The transformed strain obtained above was named Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) / pET30Xa / LIC-PSPPH — 4299.

Production of protein having dipeptide synthesis activity Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) / pET30Xa / LIC-PSPPH_4299 obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into a test tube containing 3 mL of LB medium containing 30 μg / mL kanamycin. The culture was shaken at 5 ° C. for 5 hours. 1 mL of the obtained culture solution is inoculated into a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of LB medium containing 30 μg / mL kanamycin, shaken at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, and then added with IPTG to 0.1 mmol / L. And cultured with shaking at 30 ° C. for 18 hours. The culture solution was centrifuged to obtain wet cells.

  The wet cells obtained above were disrupted by sonication, and then a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity was purified from the supernatant obtained by centrifugation using HisTrap (manufactured by Amersham).

Dipeptide production (1)
The His-tagged protein obtained in Example 2 was 1 g / l, 50 mmol / l Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 12.5 mmol / l magnesium sulfate, 12.5 mmol / l ATP, 12.5 mmol / l each. l L-Ala and L-Gln, L-Glu, L-Val, L-Leu, L-Ile, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Met, L-Ser, L-Cys, L-Asn, Prepare a reaction solution containing one amino acid selected from L-Lys, L-Arg, L-His, L-Asp, Gly and L-homoarginine (L-HomoArg), and carry out dipeptide production reaction at 30 ° C for 20 hours went.

After completion of the reaction, the amount of free phosphoric acid in the reaction solution was measured using a determiner LIP. As a result, L-Ala, L-Arg, L-Gln, L-Val, L-Leu, L-Cys, L-Phe The progress of the dipeptide production reaction was confirmed for combinations with L-amino acids selected from L-Trp, L-Met, L-Asn, L-Lys, L-His, and L-HomoArg.
Next, LC / MS analysis was performed on the sample in which the progress of the dipeptide production reaction was confirmed. As a result, L-Ala and L-amino acid selected from L-Arg, L-Gln, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Met, L-Asn, L-Lys, L-His, and L-HomoArg Production of a dipeptide bound to was confirmed.

  Furthermore, by HPLC analysis using the conditions of Pattern 1, L-Ala-L-Gln is 0.6 mmol / L, L-Ala-L-Arg is 4.6 mmol / L, and L-Ala-L-Lys is 1.4 mmol / L. L, L-Ala-L-His was found to be 4.9 mmol / L, and L-Ala-L-HomoArg was found to be 0.7 mmol / L.

Dipeptide production (2)
The His-tagged protein obtained in Example 2 was 1 g / l, 50 mmol / l Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 12.5 mmol / l magnesium sulfate, 12.5 mmol / l ATP, 12.5 mmol / l each. Prepare a reaction solution containing one amino acid selected from L-Ser, L-Thr and Gly and one L-amino acid selected from L-Arg, L-Lys, L-His and L-Gln. The dipeptide production reaction was performed at 30 ° C. for 20 hours.

After completion of the reaction, the amount of free phosphoric acid in the reaction solution was measured using a determiner LIP. As a result, the progress of the dipeptide production reaction was confirmed for all amino acid combinations.
After that, LC / MS analysis was performed on all reaction solutions. As a result, one amino acid selected from L-Ser, L-Thr and Gly and L-Arg, L-Lys, L-His and L-Gln Formation of a dipeptide linked to one selected L-amino acid was confirmed.

Furthermore, L-Ser-L-Gln is 0.1 mmol / L, L-Ser-L-His is 5.3 mmol / L, and L-Thr-L-Arg is 6.4 mmol / L by HPLC analysis using the conditions of pattern 2. By HPLC analysis using the condition of pattern 3, it was found that 0.2 mmol / L of Gly-L-His was produced.
From the above, it was found that the protein of the present invention has an activity of binding various amino acids by peptide bonds to produce various dipeptides.

  According to the present invention, a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity, a DNA encoding the protein, a recombinant DNA containing the DNA, a transformant transformed with the recombinant DNA, the transformant and the like were used. Production method of protein having dipeptide synthesis activity, production method of dipeptide using protein having dipeptide synthesis activity, and dipeptide using transformant or microorganism culture producing protein having dipeptide synthesis activity as enzyme source A manufacturing method is provided.

SEQ ID NO: 3 Description of Artificial Sequence: Synthetic DNA
SEQ ID NO: 4-Description of Artificial Sequence: Synthetic DNA

Claims (10)

The protein according to any one of [1] to [3] below.
[1] Protein having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 [2] The amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 consisting of an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added, and synthesis of a dipeptide Protein having activity [3] A protein comprising an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and having a dipeptide synthesis activity The DNA according to any one of [1] to [3] below.
[1] DNA encoding the protein according to claim 1
[2] DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1
[3] DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a DNA having a base sequence complementary to the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and encodes a protein having dipeptide synthesis activity A recombinant DNA containing the DNA according to claim 2. A transformant having the recombinant DNA according to claim 3. The transformant according to claim 4, wherein the transformant is a transformant obtained using a microorganism as a host. The transformant according to claim 5, wherein the microorganism belongs to the genus Escherichia . The method for producing a protein according to claim 1, wherein microorganisms capable of producing the protein according to claim 1 are cultured in a medium, the protein is produced and accumulated in the culture, and the protein is collected from the culture. The production method according to claim 7, wherein the microorganism having the ability to produce the protein according to claim 1 is the transformant according to any one of claims 4 to 6. A culture of microorganisms capable of producing the protein according to claim 1 or a treated product of the culture, or the protein according to claim 1 and one or more amino acids are present in an aqueous medium, A method for producing a dipeptide, comprising producing and accumulating the dipeptide and collecting the dipeptide from the medium. The production method according to claim 9, wherein the microorganism having the ability to produce the protein according to claim 1 is the transformant according to any one of claims 4 to 6.