JP2009169683A - Method for calculating shippable amount of water and method for calculating cost of shipping in water transportation business - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide methods for calculating a shippable amount of water and for calculating costs of shipping in water transportation business that can calculate a shippable amount of water and costs as a pricing index in water transportation business. <P>SOLUTION: In water transportation business that transports and sells surplus water in industrial water business capable of supplying an amount of water exceeding consumers' usage to other regions by ship, industrial water intake, purification and distribution equipment capacities on a date specified by a purchaser are determined, the smallest amount of water is selected from the determined equipment capacities, and the consumers' total usage is subtracted from the selected smallest amount of water to provide a shippable amount of water. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a water transportation business in which surplus water in an industrial water business having a suppliable amount of water that exceeds the amount used is transported and sold to other areas by ship.

  The concept relating the water transportation business to the industrial water business will be described with reference to FIG. Industrial water is taken from water sources such as dams 21 and rivers 22 using the water intake facility 2 within the scope of the water intake right determined, and then purified at the water purification plant 31, and the water distribution facility 4 such as the pipe 41. The water is sent and distributed to each factory 51-59 which is the consumer 5.

  The water purification plant 31 and the pipeline 41 are constructed with the facility capacity planned based on the expected demand accompanying the advance of the factories 51 to 59, and are operated within the range of the facility capacity.

  The industrial water business 1 is based on the premise that it is always used in a fixed quantity, and the factories 51 to 59 that use industrial water use the industrial water business 1 that supplies industrial water for the amount used per unit time. Contracted with the company, and receives the industrial water necessary for production with the contracted water volume as the upper limit in principle.

  Each factory 51-59 can secure the necessary amount of water even when the amount of industrial water used increases with the expansion of production, or when the supply capacity of an industrial water company decreases due to a disaster or accident. As such, the contracted water volume is often set with a margin.

  For this reason, in the normal period when the factories 51 to 59 are stably operated, the total amount of contracted water of all the consumers 5 and the total amount of actual usage actually consumed in the plant are greatly different. In many cases, a large amount of surplus water is generated.

  Conventionally, the water received in the factories 51 to 59 has been approved for use only in production activities in the factories. However, from the viewpoint of effective use of industrial water, it has been recognized that surplus water is used outside the factories 51 to 59 for the purpose of global environmental countermeasures and disaster countermeasures. Under such circumstances, as described in Patent Document 1, for example, a water transportation business in which the seller 5a collects surplus water in a lump and transports and sells water by the ship 6 is being studied.

Mineral resource producing countries such as crude oil, LNG, iron ore, and coal have many water stress areas where the amount of water resources per capita is small. The water transport business is a business that transports and sells fresh water using a resource transport ship that does not carry cargo to the resource producing country. Ships that are not loaded with cargo carry seawater into the ballast tanks in the ship to maintain weight balance. Currently, resource transport ships actually transport seawater on outbound flights to resource-producing countries, and environmental destruction due to changes in marine microorganisms contained in seawater has become a problem. The water transportation business transports fresh water instead of seawater. There are two methods: loading fresh water into a ballast tank and loading it into a container for transportation.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-87817

  In the water transportation business 8, the seller 5a needs to indicate to the purchaser 7 when and how much water can be sold.

  The industrial water company measures the amount of water coming out of the distribution reservoir to adjust the amount of water treated, and determines the amount of water used by each factory 51 to 59 to check whether the amount used exceeds the contracted amount of water. Although there is a measurement, there is no mechanism that shows the amount of water that can be supplied to third parties other than contract consumers by confirming the difference between the facility capacity and the amount of water used.

  Moreover, since the industrial water business 1 determines the fee based on the contracted water volume, the unit price and the fee are constant within the contract period.

  On the other hand, in the water transport business 8, the seller 5 a supplies water at intervals at which the ship 6 calls, so the demand water amount is not always fixed. Therefore, every time demand is generated, it is necessary to determine the unit price and fee according to the surplus water generation status, but there is no mechanism for calculating the supply cost sequentially.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for calculating the amount of water that can be loaded in the water transportation business and a method for calculating the cost required for loading.

  The method for calculating the amount of water that can be shipped in the water transportation business according to the present invention is the water transportation in which the surplus water in the industrial water business that has a supplyable water amount that exceeds the consumption amount of the consumer is transported and sold to other areas by ship. In the business, grasp the industrial water intake facility capacity, water purification facility capacity, transmission / distribution facility capacity at the date and time specified by the purchaser, and select the one with the lowest amount of water from the grasped facility capacity. The amount of water that can be loaded into the ship is calculated by subtracting the sum of the usage amounts of all consumers from the lowest water amount value.

  In the water transportation business according to the present invention, the method for calculating the cost for shipping is to sell and sell surplus water to other areas by ship in the industrial water business that has a supplyable amount of water that exceeds the consumption of consumers. In the water transport business, grasp the industrial water intake facility capacity, water purification facility capacity, and transmission / distribution facility capacity at the date and time specified by the purchaser, and select the facility with the lowest water volume from the grasped facility capacity. By calculating the water intake cost in the water intake process at the purchaser's designated date and time, the water purification cost in the water purification process, the water supply / distribution cost in the water supply / distribution process based on the selected minimum water volume value, and adding these calculated costs together It is characterized by calculating the cost required for loading on a ship.

  According to the present invention, since a person who wants to purchase water can grasp how much and how much water can be purchased at which port and at what port, the purchaser can select the purchaser, and to the selected purchaser. A ship operation plan can be made.

  In addition, according to the present invention, since the industrial water business can sell water at a time when demand is low, it is possible to improve the operation efficiency of the facility by smoothing the purified water production amount and easy operation, Facility operating rate will improve due to the increase in total production.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  Since many variable parameters are involved in the amount of water that can be loaded and the cost to be loaded, it is usually difficult to calculate them uniformly. Focusing on some important things, it is possible to calculate a value with a very high probability. In other words, the amount of water that can be loaded and the cost to be loaded fluctuate depending on the restrictions of facilities 2, 3, and 4 that perform a series of water intake → water purification → water transmission and distribution and the usage situation of all consumers 5 Therefore, the restriction conditions of the facilities 2, 3 and 4 at the request date and time of the purchaser 7 and the usage status of all the consumers 5 are ascertained, and the amount of water that can be loaded using these conditions and the cost required for loading. Can be calculated.

  In the present invention, according to the following procedure, the amount of water that can be loaded in the water transportation business and the cost required for loading are calculated.

[Calculation method of the amount of water that can be shipped]
A procedure for calculating the amount of water that can be loaded in the water transportation business will be described with reference to FIG.

  The amount of water that can be loaded is ascertained by the restriction conditions of the facilities 2, 3 and 4 at the request date and time of the purchaser 7 and the usage status of all the consumers 5, and these grasped condition values are expressed in the following formula (1), respectively. Obtained by substitution. That is, the purchaser 7 selects the minimum amount of water from the treatment capacities of the facilities 2, 3 and 4 in each process of water intake, water purification and transmission / distribution at the designated date and time, and all consumers are selected from the selected minimum water amount value. The amount of water that can be sold by the seller 5a (the amount of surplus water) is obtained by subtracting the total amount used.

Q = min. (S, J, H) −Σ (U _{1 to} U _n ) (1)
However, Q: Sekide possible water, S: water intake, J: purified water amount, H: transmission and distribution water, U ₁ ~U _n: an amount of each plant.

  Next, the constraint conditions and fluctuation factors of the amount of water that can be loaded that occur for each process will be described.

  In the “intake” process, “water right” is a constraint on the amount of water that can be loaded. “Water right” has the right to take water only when the flow rate of the river called the “Hosui Water Rights” exceeds a certain flow rate, and the amount of water that can be taken varies depending on the weather conditions and season. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, in the same intake facility 2 that takes 10 water during the non-dry season, a situation occurs where only 3 water can be taken during drought. In this way, the water intake S varies. For this reason, it is common for an industrial water company to take water from a plurality of water intake facilities (water sources) 21 and 22 in order to stabilize the water supply.

  In the “water purification” process, the “treatment capacity of the water purification plant” is a constraint on the amount of water that can be loaded. The “treatment capacity of the water purification plant” is based on the facility capacity determined as the facility specifications based on the maximum demand at the time of construction, and varies depending on whether or not the water purification facility is being renovated. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, in the same water purification facility 3 that purifies 9 water at the time of non-renovation, a situation occurs where only 6 water can be purified at the time of refurbishment. Thus, the purified water amount J fluctuates.

  In the “transmission and distribution” process, the “supply capacity of the pipeline” is a constraint on the amount of water that can be loaded. “Supplying capacity of pipes” is based on the facility capacity determined based on the facility specifications based on the maximum demand at the time of laying. It depends on whether the pipes are under construction or not, fluctuate. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, in the same transmission / distribution facility 4 that normally supplies / distributes 8 water, there is a situation where the pipeline facility can only transmit / distribute 4 during the construction. In this way, the water supply / distribution amount H fluctuates. For this reason, in order to stabilize the water supply, an industrial water company generally forms a pipeline in a network or lays a bypass pipe.

“Consumer consumption” varies depending on the production plan of the factory, and there are “daily fluctuations” due to factory operating hours, “seasonal fluctuations” due to changes in weather and temperature, and fluctuations due to economic waves. . Since these fluctuations in usage vary from factory to factory, it is necessary to grasp the fluctuation status individually. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, in the same factory that uses 5 water when the equipment operation rate is 100%, if the operation rate is lowered to 80%, 4 water is used, and if the operation rate is reduced to 50%, 3 If the amount of water is used and the operating rate is further lowered to 30%, a situation in which the amount of water of 2 is used will occur. The amount U ₁ ~U _n of the water in this way each plant is to change variously.

  When the seller grasps the constraint condition of the amount of water that can be loaded for each process at the date and time specified by the purchaser, the seller provides it to the purchaser as information through a dedicated communication line or the Internet. As a result, the purchaser can grasp when and in what port the amount of water can be purchased, so that the purchaser can select the purchaser and plan the operation of the ship to the selected purchaser. it can.

  In addition, since industrial water companies can sell water when demand is low, smooth operation of the purified water production improves facility operation efficiency and enables easy operation. The facility utilization rate improves due to the increase in the number of facilities.

[Calculation method for the cost of shipping]
Next, with reference to FIG. 3, a procedure for calculating the cost required for shipping in the water transportation business will be described.

  The cost required for shipping is the minimum amount of water from the facility capacity obtained by grasping the industrial water intake facility capacity, water purification facility capacity, and transmission / distribution facility capacity at the date and time designated by the purchaser 7, respectively. It is calculated by selecting, calculating the cost in each process at the designated date and time designated by the purchaser 7 based on the selected minimum water amount value, and substituting each calculated cost value into the following equation (2) . That is, the cost TC required for loading by calculating the water intake cost SC in the water intake process at the specified date, the water purification cost JC in the water purification process, the water supply / distribution cost HC in the water supply / distribution process, and adding these calculated costs together. Is obtained.

TC = Σ (SC, JC, HC) (2)
However, TC: cost to be shipped, SC: water intake cost, JC: water purification cost, HC: water supply / distribution cost.

  Next, cost constraint conditions and fluctuation factors that occur in each process will be described.

In the “water intake” process, “raw water cost” is a cost constraint. “Raw Water Cost” is determined based on water source development costs such as dam construction, and is fixed unless new water source development is conducted. For example, as shown in Table 1, an industrial water business that takes water by combining water source A, which has excellent water quality and abundant water volume, but has a high unit price of water, and water source B, which has the same water quality and quantity but low unit price. Think. Water source A corresponds to a case where a dam in a mountainous area is used, and water source B corresponds to a case where a downstream side of a river is used. During the non-drought season, water can be stably taken from the river. Therefore, the water intake ratio of the inexpensive water source B is increased, and 30% of the water source A and 70% of the water source B are used. In the drought period, in order to stabilize the water supply, the water intake ratio of the water source A is increased, and the water source A is 50% and the water source B is 50%. In this way, during the drought period, the water intake ratio from the high-priced water source A is increased and the water intake ratio from the low-priced water source B is decreased, so that the water intake cost (raw water cost) increases. In FIG. 3, this cost increase is indicated by a point difference “3”.

  Explain other intake cost constraints and factors of fluctuation.

  When using multiple pumps for water intake, if the demand is 80% or less, the required amount can be taken if two pumps are used, but if the demand exceeds 80%, it is necessary if three pumps are not used. Consider the case where the amount cannot be taken. In this case, when the demand increases, the water intake cost (raw water cost) increases. In FIG. 3, the difference in raw water costs when the demand amount exceeds 80% and when it is 80% or less is indicated by a point difference “1”.

  In the “water purification” process, “water purification cost” is a cost constraint. “Water purification costs” fluctuate depending on the quality of the raw water, which changes with the weather conditions and the water usage in the area upstream of the water intake facility. Water quality includes turbidity, chromaticity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), number of general bacteria, content of heavy metals and inorganics (cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, etc.), organic matter (trichloroethylene, benzene, etc.) Many standards such as the amount and content of disinfection by-products (chloroacetic acid, chloroform, etc.) are established, and water treatment using chemicals or the like is performed so as to satisfy the standards.

  Explain the causes of fluctuations in water purification costs. Since the chemical is introduced in accordance with the “turbidity” of the collected water to lower the turbidity of the water, the cost increases by the increase in the amount of the chemical. In FIG. 3, since the water source A having excellent water quality is used 30% in the non-drought period and 50% in the drought period, the difference in water purification costs due to the difference in water quality is indicated by a point difference “2”. In both drought and non-drought periods, the cost of water purification increases due to the generation of muddy water. In FIG. 3, an increase in water purification cost due to turbid water generation is indicated by a point difference “1”.

  Other constraints on water purification costs and fluctuation factors will be described.

  When using multiple pumps for water purification, if the demand is 80% or less, the required amount can be purified if two pumps are used, but if the demand exceeds 80%, the required amount is required unless three pumps are used. Consider the case where water cannot be purified. In this case, when the demand increases, the water purification cost increases. In FIG. 3, the difference in water purification costs when the demand amount exceeds 80% and when it is 80% or less is indicated by a point difference “1”.

  In the “transmission and distribution” process, “pipe depreciation / maintenance costs” is a cost constraint. “Amortization / maintenance costs for pipelines” will vary depending on the status of bypass pipe laying, rehabilitation and renewal construction. In FIG. 3, these construction costs are collected as running costs in the transmission and distribution process, and the difference in costs before and after the construction is indicated by a point difference “2”.

  Explain the constraints and factors of other water transmission and distribution costs.

  When using two or more pumps for water supply and distribution, if the demand is 80% or less, two pumps can be used for water supply and distribution, but if the demand exceeds 80%, three pumps must be used. Consider the case where the required amount cannot be transferred. In this case, transmission and distribution costs increase as the demand increases. In FIG. 3, the difference in water transmission and distribution costs when the demand exceeds 80% and when it is 80% or less is indicated by a point difference “1”.

  As described above, the water intake cost, water purification cost, and water supply / distribution cost required for the surplus water to be loaded vary. When these water intake costs, water purification costs, and water supply / distribution costs are added together, the price at which the purchaser purchases water at the designated date and time can be known in advance.

  The seller, after grasping the cost constraint conditions generated for each process at the date and time specified by the purchaser, adds the costs and provides the purchaser with the price via a dedicated communication line, the Internet, or the like. As a result, the purchaser can grasp how much and how much water can be purchased at what port and at what port. Therefore, the purchaser can select the purchaser and make a ship operation plan to the selected purchaser. can do.

  In addition, since industrial water companies can sell water when demand is low, smooth operation of the purified water production improves facility operation efficiency and enables easy operation. The facility utilization rate improves due to the increase in the number of facilities.

  When the surplus water that can be loaded calculated as described above is actually loaded, the water loading facility described below is used.

  The water loading facility will be installed in the factory where water is loaded. In the case of transporting industrial water as ballast water, for example, there are pumps, filtration devices, sterilizers, and water pipes that pump industrial water from a receiving pond in a factory. The filtration device is a membrane filtration device that removes suspended substances from industrial water, and the sterilization device is a device that removes pathogenic microorganisms and the like.

  In the filtration apparatus, suspended substances having a size larger than a predetermined diameter existing in industrial water are captured by the filtration membrane, and only water containing suspended substances or soluble liquids having a size smaller than the predetermined diameter passes through the membrane.

  The passed water is sterilized using a sterilizer. As the sterilization apparatus, an ultraviolet irradiation sterilization apparatus, an electric processing apparatus, an ozone processing apparatus, an OH radical processing apparatus, or the like can be used. The ultraviolet irradiation sterilization apparatus irradiates ultraviolet rays and sterilizes microorganisms and bacteria contained in water to be treated. The ultraviolet irradiation sterilization apparatus has an advantage that water with higher safety can be generated compared to the chemical injection process. An electric processing apparatus immerses a pair of positive and negative electrodes in water and applies a voltage between both electrodes to electrically sterilize the electrode. The electric processing apparatus has an advantage that the maintenance of the apparatus is easy. The electric processing apparatus includes a plasma discharge processing apparatus and a high voltage processing apparatus. An ozone treatment apparatus injects ozone gas into water and sterilizes it by the oxidizing power of ozone. The ozone treatment apparatus is not limited to just sterilization treatment, but also has a function of removing odorous substances and colored substances from the water to be treated. OH radical treatment equipment generates OH radicals, which are powerful oxidants, by combined treatment using photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide and ultraviolet rays, ozone and ultraviolet rays, ozone and hydrogen peroxide, or a combination of ozone, ultraviolet rays and hydrogen peroxide. And then sterilized. The OH radical treatment apparatus has an advantage that not only sterilization treatment but also organic pollutants can be removed.

  The sterilized water is supplied into the ballast tank of the ship through the water pipe.

The conceptual diagram for demonstrating the positioning of industrial water business and water transport business. The graph figure which shows typically the calculation method of the amount of water which can be shipped in the water transport business which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The graph figure which shows typically the calculation method of the cost concerning the shipment in the water transportation business which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Industrial water business, 2 ... Water intake facilities, 3 ... Water purification facilities, 4 ... Water supply / drainage facilities, 5 ... Consumers,
6 ... ship, 7 ... buyer,
8 ... Water transportation business, 21 ... Dam, 22 ... River, 31 ... Water purification plant, 41 ... Pipeline,
51-59 ... factory, 71 ... other areas.

Claims (2)

In the water transportation business where the surplus water in the industrial water business that has a supply water volume that exceeds the usage of the consumer is transported to other areas by ship and sold, the capacity of the industrial water intake facility at the date specified by the purchaser, By grasping the water purification facility capacity and the transmission / distribution facility capacity, respectively, select the one with the lowest amount of water from the grasped facility capacity, and subtract the sum of the usage of all consumers from the selected minimum amount of water A method for calculating the amount of water that can be loaded in a water transportation business, wherein the amount of water that can be loaded into a ship is calculated. In the water transportation business where the surplus water in the industrial water business that has a supply water volume that exceeds the usage of the consumer is transported to other areas by ship and sold, the capacity of the industrial water intake facility at the date specified by the purchaser, In the water intake process at the designated date and time of the purchaser based on the selected minimum water volume value, the water capacity of the water purification facility and the capacity of the transmission / distribution facility are determined, and the minimum water volume is selected from the determined facility capacity. In the water transportation business characterized by calculating the cost of loading water into the ship by calculating the water intake cost, the water purification cost in the water purification process, and the water transmission / distribution cost in the water transmission / distribution process, respectively. A method for calculating the cost of shipping.

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