JP2009168552A - Diagnostic method of rolling bearing and recording medium for diagnosis - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a procedure for easily vibrating a rolling bearing 1a with sufficient reliability even by a person not skilled in the art under an environment in which a high cost apparatus is not allowed to be installed, such as small-scale factories, laboratories and schools. <P>SOLUTION: While hearing, by an ear 11, a sound generated during the rolling bearing 1a being driven, the sound heard by the ear 11 and an abnormal sound having been recorded in a recording medium for diagnosis 8, which varies according to a failed part or a reason for a failure, are compared. Based on the comparison, whether the rolling bearing 1a has the failure is determined. When the rolling bearing 1a has the failure, the failed part or the reason for the failure in the rolling bearing 1a is identified based on the abnormal sound having been recorded in the recording medium for diagnosis 8. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The rolling bearing diagnostic method and diagnostic recording medium that are the subject of the present invention are whether or not there are any abnormalities in various rolling bearings such as ball bearings and roller bearings incorporated in the rotation support portion of various mechanical devices, When there is an abnormality, it is used to diagnose the location of the abnormality and the reason why the abnormality has occurred. In particular, the rolling bearing diagnosis method and diagnostic recording medium of the present invention enable the above-mentioned diagnosis to be performed accurately without using a complicated device with high cost, so that the rolling bearing can be used even in a small-scale office. The purpose is to make it possible to operate various machines and devices with a stable state.

  For example, rolling bearings 1a and 1b as shown in FIGS. 2 to 3 are widely used as rolling bearing units incorporated in rotation support portions of various mechanical devices. Each of these rolling bearings 1a and 1b is formed by concentrically arranging outer rings 3a and 3b having outer ring raceways 2a and 2b on the inner peripheral surface and inner rings 5a and 5b having inner ring raceways 4a and 4b on the outer peripheral surface. A plurality of rolling elements 6a and 6b are provided between the inner ring raceways 4a and 4b and the outer ring raceways 2a and 2b so as to be freely rollable while being held by the cages 7a and 7b, respectively. Such rolling bearings 1a and 1b are configured such that, for example, the outer rings 3a and 3b are fitted and fixed to a fixed housing, and the inner rings 5a and 5b are fitted and fixed to a rotating shaft so that the rotation is provided inside the housing. The shaft is supported rotatably. Alternatively, the outer rings 3a and 3b are fitted and fixed to a rotating housing, and the inner rings 5a and 5b are fitted and fixed to a fixed shaft so that the housing is rotatably supported around the fixed shaft.

When using the rolling bearings 1a and 1b as described above, various sounds or vibrations as shown in the following Tables 1 and 2 are generated as described in Non-Patent Document 1 and the like. To do.

  The types, magnitudes, and causes of the sounds shown in Tables 1 and 2 vary, and there are sounds and vibrations that can be left in a normal state and can be left as they are. In some cases, it is necessary to take countermeasures depending on the degree, and in other cases, it may occur from the initial stage due to poor handling or poor assembly, and immediate countermeasures need to be taken. In any case, if you are an expert who is familiar with rolling bearings, just listen to the sound that is generated during the operation of the rolling bearing. The location, reason for occurrence, countermeasures, etc. are immediately known. However, the sounds and vibrations generated by the rolling bearings are different from those described in the timbre column of Table 1, but it is rare that they are all remembered by non-experts. It ’s not as clear as it ’s written in letters. Therefore, it is difficult for non-experts to diagnose a rolling bearing by sound alone.

  For this reason, conventionally, for example, as described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, frequency analysis is performed on the sound generated during operation of the rolling bearing and captured by the microphone to diagnose the rolling bearing. If a rolling bearing is diagnosed by such a method, even if it is not an expert, a rolling bearing can be diagnosed reliably. However, in any large-scale factory etc. and where the diagnostic facilities can be enhanced, it is not possible to adopt it in a mechanical facility that is off the line, a small-scale factory, laboratory, school, etc. difficult.

Japanese Patent No. 3951092 JP 2001-255241 A JP 2004-279322 A Tatsunobu Momono and Mango Noda, “Vibration and Noise of Rolling Bearings”, NSK Technical Journal No. 661 (1996), p. 13-22

  In view of the circumstances as described above, the present invention is skilled in an environment where it is difficult to install a costly diagnostic device, such as a small-scale factory, a laboratory, a school, or a large-scale factory. The present invention has been invented with the intention of providing a means for making a diagnosis of a rolling bearing with ease and sufficient reliability even if it is not a person.

Among the rolling bearing diagnosis method and diagnostic recording medium according to the present invention, the invention relating to the rolling bearing diagnosis method according to claim 1 hears the sound generated during the operation of the rolling bearing with the ear and the ear with this ear. The sound is compared with the abnormal sound or normal sound recorded on the recording medium. Then, the presence or absence of an abnormality of the rolling bearing is judged, and if there is an abnormality, the location of the abnormality that has occurred in the rolling bearing is based on the explanation that expresses what the abnormal sound recorded in the recording medium is. Or identify the reason for the occurrence of an abnormality. There is no particular limitation on the means for providing the commentary indicating what the abnormal sound recorded on the recording medium is. For example, even if it is a commentary (paper medium) attached to the diagnostic recording medium, or a voice indicating the location of the abnormality or the reason for the abnormality recorded on the diagnostic recording medium together with the driving sound. (Recording medium) may be used.
The invention relating to the recording medium for diagnosis of a rolling bearing according to claim 2 records the abnormal sound or normal sound generated during the operation of the rolling bearing separately for each type of abnormality or the reason for the occurrence. Yes. Furthermore, if necessary, a voice representing at least one of the location of occurrence of abnormality and the reason for occurrence of abnormality may be recorded.

  According to the rolling bearing diagnosis method and diagnostic recording medium of the present invention as described above, the abnormality of the rolling bearing can be obtained without using a costly and troublesome device such as a frequency analyzer. If there is an abnormality or an abnormality, it is possible to easily and accurately know the occurrence location and the reason for the occurrence, and the coping method.

  An example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The apparatus used for carrying out the present invention is a diagnostic recording such as an optical disk such as a compact disk (CD), a magnetic disk such as a micro disk (MD), various semiconductor memories such as an SD card, and a magnetic tape such as a cassette tape. Only the medium 8 and the player 9 for reproducing the diagnostic recording medium 8 are required. The sound recorded on the diagnostic recording medium 8 reproduced by the player 9, that is, the operation sound generated during the operation of the rolling bearing (if the comment on the operation sound is recorded, this operation The sound and this explanation) can be heard by the operator's ear 11 through the earphone 10 or through a speaker (not shown).

  The recording method of the diagnostic recording medium 8 is not particularly limited, but can be easily cued (randomly accessible) so that any driving sound (normal sound and abnormal sound) can be heard at any time. Is preferable. From this aspect, a digital recording system such as an optical disk, a magnetic disk, or a semiconductor memory such as a CD, MD, or SD card is more advantageous than an analog recording system such as a cassette tape. In any case, the above-described diagnostic recording medium 8 records the operation sound generated as the rolling bearing operates as described in Table 1 above. In addition, if necessary, commentary on the operation sound (in the presence or absence of an abnormality, if there is an abnormality, in addition to the location of the abnormality occurring and the reason for the abnormality, as described in Table 2 above, Also record the audio that describes how to resolve the anomaly). When recording a commentary, the above driving sound and the commentary about the driving sound are recorded back and forth (for example, recording the commentary on the driving sound immediately after the driving sound in the adjacent part of the same track, etc.) It is preferable to do. However, if it is possible to reproduce the driving sound and the explanation in association with each other (for example, by pressing the button for selecting the explanation while listening to the driving sound, the driving sound is automatically recorded. If you can select the track you want to track), you can also record the driving sound and commentary in separate parts (different tracks).

  In any case, the recording time of the driving sound is appropriately about 20 seconds to 2 minutes corresponding to each abnormality. If it is shorter than this (less than 20 seconds), the difference is compared with the actual driving noise of the rolling bearing (the presence or absence of an abnormality is determined, and if there is an abnormality, the place is identified) In this case, the reproduction of the driving sound ends, and it becomes difficult to perform an accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, if it is too long (exceeding 2 minutes), the amount of data recorded on the diagnostic recording medium 8 is merely increased, which is hardly useful for improving the accuracy of diagnosis. In other words, even if the recording (playback) time of the driving sound is too long, it may be listened to loosely and lose concentration, which may be harmful in terms of improving the accuracy of diagnosis. In addition, 5 to 20 types of driving sounds are appropriate. If the number of types is too small (four or less), it is difficult to distinguish from sounds generated in parts other than the rolling bearing, and it is difficult to ensure a practically effective degree of diagnosis. On the other hand, if there are too many (more than 21 types), the difference in sound will be reduced, and it will be difficult to select in the field. Considering these matters, the total recording time of the operation sound recorded on the diagnostic recording medium 8 is 5 to 30 minutes, preferably 10 to 20 minutes, and more preferably about 12 to 15 minutes. As will be described later, when the diagnostic recording medium 8 is used for education of factory workers or the like, the number of driving sounds recorded on the diagnostic recording medium 8 is 21 or more, and the recording time May be longer than 30 minutes. In addition, when the explanation is recorded on the diagnostic recording medium 8 in addition to the driving sound, the total recording time becomes longer.

  When the diagnosis of the rolling bearing 1a is performed using the diagnostic recording medium 8 and the regenerator 9 as described above, first, an operator listens to the operation sound of the rolling bearing 1a with the ear 11. Next, the earphone 10 of the regenerator 9 is inserted into the ear 11 and the operation sound recorded on the diagnostic recording medium 8 is sequentially reproduced, and the actual operation sound of the rolling bearing 1a that has been heard is heard. Compare (identify). If the same sound as the actual driving sound can be identified (identified), whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the rolling bearing based on the explanation about the sound, and if it has occurred, Identify the location or reason for the occurrence of an abnormality.

  The abnormality diagnosis relating to the rolling bearing 1a performed in this way can be performed easily and accurately even by a non-expert by using the portable player 9 in which the diagnostic recording medium 8 is set. Can be done. For this reason, for example, an employee of a rolling bearing manufacturer (not only a bearing engineer but also a sales staff) responds to an inquiry from a user of a rolling bearing (by using the regenerator 9 in which the diagnostic recording medium 8 is set). The above abnormality diagnosis can be performed by going to the user's place. Further, if the user is provided with the regenerator 9 in which the diagnostic recording medium 8 is set, even the user having no specialized knowledge can perform the diagnosis of the rolling bearing 1a with high accuracy.

  When carrying out the present invention, the operation sound recorded on the diagnostic recording medium 8 accurately represents the operation sound (regardless of normal sound or abnormal sound) generated during operation of the rolling bearing 1a. is required. For example, when the diagnostic recording medium 8 is dubbed after the diagnostic recording medium 8 is transferred or lent to a user, there is a possibility that the driving sound deteriorates and accurate diagnosis cannot be performed. In such a case, there is a possibility of overlooking the failure of the rolling bearing 1a, which leads to a more serious failure. In order to prevent the occurrence of such inconvenience, the diagnostic recording medium 8 is provided with an authentication function such as a license key and a copy guard function so that the contents of the diagnostic recording medium 8 are dubbed. It is preferable to prevent this. In order to make such a quality assurance function more complete, it is possible to adopt a dedicated player system in which the diagnostic recording medium and the player cannot be separated. For example, it is conceivable that software is installed in a portable player such as i-Pod (trade name) or installed in a mobile phone having a reproducing function.

  In addition, as a recording medium for diagnosis, a medium having a recording function in addition to a recording function such as a DVD or a video tape can be used instead of a medium having a recording function such as a CD or a cassette tape. . In this case, the contents to be recorded include, in addition to the standard rolling bearing operating state, operating sound and vibration waveforms generated during the operation, and a display (line) representing the results of these fast Fourier transforms (FFT). Figure) etc. can be considered.

  Furthermore, the recording medium in which the operating sound of the rolling bearing is recorded can be used for education for factory workers and the like. That is, in a relatively large factory or the like, the efficiency of abnormality diagnosis is greatly improved and troubles are greatly reduced by adopting the abnormality diagnosis system described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above. This abnormality diagnosis system detects a sign of this abnormality and issues an alarm to the effect that the abnormality has occurred before the operating sound of the rolling bearing changes to such an extent that it can be seen by human ears. For this reason, even in a relatively large factory or the like, the opportunity for the operator to hear the operation sound of the rolling bearing when an abnormality occurs is reduced. For this reason, in the past, there were many workers who could determine the abnormality of the rolling bearing based on the contents of Non-Patent Document 1 described above, but in recent years, the number of workers who can make this determination has decreased. . Such a current situation is not preferable from the viewpoint of minimizing damage caused by trouble in the event of an emergency. In order to cope with such circumstances, it is preferable to use the recording medium for the education of factory workers from the viewpoint of stably operating the factory.

The perspective view which shows one example of embodiment of this invention. 1 is a partially cut perspective view showing a first example of a rolling bearing to be diagnosed according to the present invention. FIG. The partially cut perspective view which shows the 2nd example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a, 1b Rolling bearing 2a, 2b Outer ring raceway 3a, 3b Outer ring 4a, 4b Inner ring raceway 5a, 5b Inner ring 6a, 6b Rolling element 7a, 7b Cage 8 Diagnostic recording medium 9 Reproducing machine 10 Earphone 11 Ear

Claims (2)

  While listening to the sound generated during the operation of the rolling bearing, compare the sound heard with this ear with the abnormal sound or normal sound recorded on the recording medium, which differs depending on the abnormal part or the reason for the abnormal occurrence. Then, the presence or absence of abnormality of the rolling bearing is judged, and when there is an abnormality, the location of the abnormality occurring in the rolling bearing or the reason for the occurrence of the abnormality is based on the abnormal sound recorded on the recording medium. A method for diagnosing rolling bearings.   A recording medium for diagnosis of a rolling bearing in which abnormal sounds or normal sounds generated during the operation of the rolling bearing are recorded separately for each type of abnormality or reason for occurrence.

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