JP2009119095A - Tool for exodontia - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To extract teeth at almost all parts by one tool for exodontia. <P>SOLUTION: The tool for exodontia includes a handle part 2 having axes concentrically extending on one plane, a shaft part 3, a middle connection part 4 and a thin work part 5. The handle part 2 has a first axis 1 extending in the longitudinal direction, and the shaft part 3 extends concentrically from the distal end of the handle part 2 and has such a shape that a diameter is reduced toward the distal end. The middle connection part 4 extends at a prescribed angle concentrically from the distal end of the shaft part 3 and has such a shape that the diameter is reduced toward the distal end. The thin work part 5 extends at the prescribed angle concentrically from the distal end of the shaft part 3, the distal end is narrowed, the side to be the abutting side with the tooth is recessed so as to be adapted to the external shape of the tooth, and an angle α formed by a third axis 12 extending in the longitudinal direction of the thin work part 5 and the first axis 1 of the handle part 2 is roughly parallel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tooth extraction forceps, and more particularly to a lever-type extraction tool.

  The tooth extraction tools can be broadly classified in terms of mechanical structure, and there are so-called “yatsuko” type (for example, see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2) and “insulator” type (for example, Patent Document 3). In recent years, the latter type has become mainstream. The present invention relates to this lever-type tooth extraction tool, and hereinafter, the lever-type tooth extraction tool will be described.

JP-A-11-267136 JP 2001-198142 A JP 2001-204735 A JP 2002-143310 A JP 2007-135945 A

  The surgical device described in Patent Document 3 is particularly suitable for orthopedic surgery such as osteotomy, osteotomy and osteoplasty, and oral surgery such as extraction of the third molar and creation of an implant transplant site. As described, a selection of various tip components is attached to the surgical device handpiece as required (see, eg, paragraphs 0019, 0035, FIGS. 4-9). Note that the endosteal prosthesis described in FIG. 9 of Patent Document 3 is for removing connective tissue (endosteal membrane) that divides the cavity of bone (see paragraph 0039), and is used for tooth extraction. Absent.

  On the other hand, as is known from Patent Document 4 (see paragraph 0004), in the conventional mechanical anesthesia and affected part separation device, in dental treatment, tooth extraction is performed using the principle of mechanical anesthesia, and the prosthesis is removed. When doing so, the surgeon needs to use a significant amount of force. For example, in the case of tooth extraction, the tip of the contact protruding from the case tip of the handpiece has a flat shape (functions as an elevator), and the operator strongly inserts the flat tip into the periodontal ligament, The periodontal ligament is cut and the affected tooth is moved away from the alveolar bone. In the meantime, the ultrasonic vibration is continued in the vibrator so that the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the affected tooth through the contact so as to obtain an anesthetic effect.

  Further, as described in Patent Document 4, in the mechanical anesthesia / affected part separation device, for example, when extracting a tooth or removing a prosthesis, the surgeon naturally applies the force of the vibrator. In many cases, the ultrasonic vibration stopped. If the ultrasonic vibration is stopped, the anesthetic effect disappears, so that pain is generated for the patient, which is not preferable, and tooth extraction and prosthesis removal operations are interrupted, which is further undesirable. The ultrasonic vibration is stopped in this way because the mechanical anesthesia / affected part separation device is provided with a sensor for detecting when the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration is reduced due to excessive force acting on the apparatus. This is because the ultrasonic oscillator is configured to stop the operation by the signal from (see paragraph 0005).

  The mechanical anesthesia and affected part separation device of Patent Document 4 includes a pair of handpieces having the same basic structure, and one handpiece is used where the affected part contactor at the tip of the other handpiece cannot reach. The other handpiece has an affected part contact particularly suitable for use on the front teeth and children (see paragraphs 0011 and 0012). For example, in the case of tooth extraction, the handpiece is used to cut and cut the periodontal ligament between the tooth and the alveolar bone with the affected part contactor, whereby the affected tooth is separated from the alveolar bone. (See paragraph 0014).

  Therefore, even if it is assumed that the surgical device described in Patent Document 3 can be used for tooth extraction, a selection from various tip parts must be attached to the handpiece of the surgical device, so the selection is troublesome. Not only that, it is necessary to prepare a large number of tip parts, and an increase in cost is inevitable.

  Moreover, the mechanical anesthesia and affected part separation device described in Patent Document 4 includes a pair of handpieces, and one handpiece can be used where the affected part contactor at the tip of the other handpiece does not reach. There are few affected part contacts, and the number of affected part contacts that must be prepared is small. However, it is known that an excessive force acts on a related part in the affected part contactor.

Next, a conventional tooth extraction tool disclosed in Patent Document 5 will be described with reference to FIGS.
10 is a side view of the tooth extraction tool 200, FIG. 11 is a front view, FIG. 12 is a front view showing the shaft portion 3, the intermediate connection portion 4, and the thin working portion 5, and FIG. 14 and 14 are sectional views taken along line 5-5 of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the tooth extraction tool 200 has a handle portion 20, a shaft portion 30, an intermediate connection portion 40, and a thin working portion 50 having axes extending concentrically on a single plane (that is, the surface of FIG. 11). The handle 20 has a first axis 1 extending in the longitudinal direction. As shown in FIG. 14, the handle 20 has a hexagonal pyramid shape that has a hexagonal shape in cross section and a smaller diameter toward the shaft 30.

  The shaft portion 30 has a truncated cone shape that extends concentrically from the distal end of the handle portion 20 and has a smaller diameter toward the distal end.

  The intermediate connection portion 40 is bent at an angle of 9 degrees or less with the first axis 1 with respect to another plane (that is, the plane of FIG. 10) intersecting with the one plane at an angle of 90 degrees. It has an axis line 10 and has a columnar or truncated conical shape extending from the tip of the shaft part 30. The angle A formed by the second axis 10 and the first axis 1 is a preferred value of about 8.5 °.

The thin working portion 50 has a third axis 12 that is bent so that an angle formed with the first axis 1 is 30 ° or less in a direction opposite to the intermediate connection portion 40 across the other plane. It extends from the tip of the portion 40. The angle B formed by the third axis 12 and the first axis 1 of the thin working portion 50 is a preferred value of about 28 °.
As shown in FIG. 13, the thin working portion 50 has a flat shape with a substantially crescent-shaped cross section in which the surface facing upward when the handle portion 20 stands upright is a concave surface 50a, and the concave surface 50a Has a symmetrical shape with respect to the other plane. The thin working portion 50 has a semicircular tip, and a blade 50b whose thickness decreases toward the tip. The tip has a thickness that does not tear or cut the surrounding gingiva (does not cut the gingiva). ) To a thickness (so that the tissue is damaged if sharp), but the thickness is such that the blade tip can be inserted into the interdental space (called the periodontal cavity).

  The thin working unit 50 is provided with four laser scales (marks) 50c capable of recognizing the insertion depth when the thin working part 50 is inserted between the alveolar bone and the tooth. It is provided by forming a line in the thin working part 50 by a laser. The interval between the laser graduations 50c is set to 4 mm from the tip of the blade 50b to the adjacent laser graduation 50c, and the interval between the adjacent laser graduations 50c is set to 2 mm.

Next, a tooth extraction method using the conventional tooth extraction tool 200 will be described with reference to FIGS.
First, the blade 50b is directed so that the concave surface 50a of the thin working portion 50 faces the tooth 16, and the periodontal ligament cavity 13 at the mesial or near-distal corner 18 (that is, a slight gap between the root 15 and the alveolar bone 14). Insert into the gap). At this time, the direction of the force applied to the tooth extraction tool 200 (that is, the direction of the force applied to the handle portion 2 by the thumb) needs to be a direction in which the blade 50b is inserted along the surface of the tooth root 15 and is thin-walled. The insertion depth of the part 50 is performed while confirming with the laser scale 50c. Thereby, destruction of the bone which arises when the thin working part 50 enters a periodontal cavity excessively deeply can be prevented.

  Next, after inserting the thin working portion 50 to a desired depth, the handle portion 20 is slightly tilted to the alveolar bone 14 side, whereby the force acts on the tooth root 15 around the alveolar bone 14 and the tooth 16 Dislocation from the alveolar bone 14. At this time, since the base of the thin working portion 50 has a structure that is thicker than the cutting edge 50b, it can sufficiently withstand the force applied to the thin working portion 50 during dislocation.

Since the thickness of the thin working portion 50 gradually decreases toward the tip of the blade 50b, it is easy to insert the thin working portion 50 into the periodontal ligament cavity 13.
Further, since the mesial and distal corners (see FIG. 8) where the thin working portion 50 is inserted are the positions where the alveolar bone 14 is the thickest, when the tooth 16 is dislocated by the lever principle, Even if it is used as a fulcrum, it is relatively strong and has few obstacles in the direction in which the tooth extraction tool 200 is inclined. Since the thin working portion 50 has a concave surface 50a, the thin working portion 50 can be easily inserted into the mesial and distal corners.

In the tooth extraction tool 200, since the thin working portion 50 is bent with respect to the intermediate connection portion 40 by the angle (about 30 degrees), both the buccal tongue sides of all the teeth have a mesial angle than the centrifugal angle of the teeth. The direction of the force applied to the hand acts on the periodontal cavity of the root surface in parallel. In particular, premolars and molars are obstructed by the cheeks and the tip of the extraction tool is difficult to enter the periodontal cavity of the root surface, so that extraction can be performed by performing extraction with the extraction tool 200.
More specifically, in the dentition diagram shown in FIG. 9, the black circle portion is the position of the extraction target tooth suitable for the extraction tool 200.

In addition, there is a tooth extraction tool (C5E98) manufactured by HUFRIEDY.
Similar to Patent Document 5, this tooth extraction tool has a handle portion having an axis extending concentrically on one plane, a shaft portion, an intermediate connection portion, and a thin working portion, and the handle portion extends in the longitudinal direction. Has one axis.
The handle portion has a first axis extending in the longitudinal direction, the shaft portion extends concentrically from the distal end of the handle portion, and has a shape with a small diameter toward the distal end. A thin working section that has a second axis that bends at an angle β of 20 ° with the first axis with respect to another plane that intersects with one plane at an angle of 90 degrees, and that extends from the tip of the shaft. Has a third axis that is bent so that an angle α formed with the second axis in the direction opposite to the intermediate connection portion is about 15 ° across the other plane.

  Conventional tooth extraction tools are used in various ways and have various angles, but there is a problem that application standards for which tools are used for which teeth are not determined and it is difficult to use.

The recent dental field places great importance on preserving bone mass in order to preserve alveolar bone as much as possible to preserve bone and implant implants (artificial roots). However, the destruction of the buccal alveolar bone is faster than the destruction of the lingual side, and the alveolar bone on the lingual side is denser and harder than the buccal side and is often absorbed slowly.
In addition, it has been found that a method such as Patent Document 5 in which a tooth is dislocated by this principle to extract a tooth is less invasive and can be extracted in a relatively short time.
However, as shown in FIG. 16, particularly when applied to the last back tooth, the angle of the thin working part 50 is somewhat large with respect to the handle part 20 of the extraction tool 200, so that the opening angle is limited, and the lip, There are restrictions on the insertion direction and angle of the extraction tool due to the tongue and cheek. For this reason, in the tooth extraction tool 200 of patent document 5, the insertion angle to a blade edge | tip and a tooth root was restrict | limited, and it was difficult to insert in a periodontal membrane in the state parallel to a tooth axis.
Thus, the conventional tooth extraction tool of Patent Document 5 is particularly difficult to use for lingual centrifuge, that is, a specific angle is required to insert the tool in the root direction of the mandibular lingual side and maxillary palate side centrifuge. Therefore, there is a problem that the front teeth of the upper jaw or the lower jaw limit the movement of the tip of the thin working part 50 of the extraction tool.

  In addition, the tooth extraction tool of Fafredys, like Patent Document 5, has a large angle of the thin working part with respect to the handle part, so that the opening angle is limited and it is difficult to dislocate the tooth on the centrifugal side. Since the force of the handle portion is not transmitted linearly to the thin working portion, there is a problem in operational stability, and in particular, there is a problem that dislocation of the back teeth is difficult. In addition, since the tip of the thin working part is sharp, not rounded, and very sharp, it is difficult to insert it into the root canal and there is a risk of destroying the tooth tissue. Furthermore, since the roundness of the tooth root is inappropriate and the insertion angle and thickness of the handle portion are not similar to the tooth root surface, there is a problem in the insertability of the blade edge. In addition, even when inserted, the force transmission direction is hardly applied to the periodontal ligament, and adjustment of the gripping direction is difficult.

  Therefore, in view of the above-described conventional drawbacks, the present invention has an object to provide an inexpensive tooth extraction tool that can easily remove at least most of the teeth at one site with one tooth extraction tool.

Of the present invention, the invention according to claim 1
A handle portion (2) having an axis extending concentrically on one plane, a shaft portion (3), an intermediate connection portion (4), and a thin working portion (5);
The handle (2) has a first axis (1) extending in the longitudinal direction,
The shaft portion (3) extends concentrically from the tip of the handle portion (2) and has a shape with a smaller diameter toward the tip.
The intermediate connection portion (4) has a shape that concentrically extends from the tip end of the shaft portion (3) at a predetermined angle and has a smaller diameter toward the tip end.
The thin working part (5) extends concentrically from the tip of the shaft part (3) at a predetermined angle, and the side that is constricted and contacts the tooth is the outer shape of the tooth. It is concave to match the shape,
The angle (α) formed by the third axis (12) extending in the longitudinal direction of the thin working part (5) and the first axis (1) of the handle part (2) is substantially parallel. And

  Of the present invention, the invention described in claim 2 is the angle (α) formed between the third axis (12) extending in the longitudinal direction of the thin working part (5) and the first axis (1) of the handle part (2). ) Is 0 to 5 ° or less.

  The invention according to claim 3 of the present invention is such that when the tip of the thin working part (5) is applied to the corner of the mandibular last molar distal buccal side and the handle part (2) is in contact with the maxillary anterior tooth cut edge, The angle formed by the line connecting the tip of the incisor and the lower corner of the mandibular last molar is approximately 35-40 °, and when the mouth is opened to the maximum, allow a margin of 15-20 °. Thus, when the thin working part (5) is inserted between the tooth and the alveolar bone, the tooth is dislocated by the movement angle of 15 to 20 °.

The invention according to claim 4 of the present invention has a handle part (2) having an axis extending concentrically on one plane, a shaft part (3), an intermediate connection part (4) and a thin working part (5). ,
The handle (2) has a first axis (1) extending in the longitudinal direction,
The shaft portion (3) extends concentrically from the tip of the handle portion (2) and has a shape with a smaller diameter toward the tip.
The intermediate connection portion (4) is bent at an angle (β) of 16 to 35 ° or less with the first axis (1) with respect to another plane intersecting the one plane at an angle of 90 degrees. A second axis (10) that has a columnar or truncated conical shape extending from the tip of the shaft (3),
The thin working part (5) is bent so that the angle (α) formed with the axis (1) is 0 to 5 ° or less in the opposite direction to the intermediate connection part (4) across the other plane. Cross section approximately crescent with 3 axes (12), extending from the tip of the intermediate connection (4) and having a concave surface (5a) when facing the handle (2) vertically Has a flat shape,
An angle (γ) formed between the third axis (12) and the second axis (10) of the thin working part (5) is set to 16 to 36 °.

  According to the invention described in claim 5 of the present invention, the tip of the thin working part (5) has a semicircular shape when viewed from the front, and a blade (5b) whose thickness is reduced toward the tip is formed. It is characterized by the fact that the wedge force works when the thin working part (5) is inserted into the periodontal ligament cavity.

  The invention according to claim 6 of the present invention is characterized in that the tip angle formed by the thickness of the cutting edge of the thin working part (5) is about 5 to 10 °.

  In the invention according to claim 7 of the present invention, the concave surface (5a) of the thin working portion (5) has a left-right shape with respect to the other plane, and the diameter (D1) of the inner surface (R1) is A curved surface of about 5 to 15 mm is formed, and its circumferential length is about 2 to 5 mm.

  The invention according to claim 8 of the present invention is such that at least one or more of the thin working part (5) can recognize the insertion depth of the thin working part (5) on the outer surface side which is not a contact surface with the teeth. A mark (5c) is provided.

The invention according to claim 9 is the intersection (C) of the second axis (10) and the shaft part (3), and the intersection (C) of the second axis (10) and the thin working part (5). The distance from the perpendicular line from the line parallel to the first axis (1) through A) is about 10 mm,
The distance between the intersection (A) and the intersection (C) is 28-30 mm, and the distance between the intersection (A) and the perpendicular from the intersection (C) to the first axis (1) is 20-25 mm. It is characterized by that.

  The invention according to claim 10 of the present invention is characterized in that the length (a) of the shaft portion (3) is about 33 ± 7 mm.

  The invention according to claim 11 of the present invention is characterized in that the length (b) of the intermediate connecting portion (4) is about 10 ± 5 mm.

  The invention according to claim 12 is characterized in that the length (c) of the thin working part (5) is about 15 ± 4 mm.

  According to the present invention, the angle between the long axes of the thin working part (5) and the handle part (2) is substantially parallel so that the extraction tool is inserted into the centrifugal corners of all teeth. This has the effect of facilitating dislocation.

Further, since the grip portion (2) and the thin working portion (5) are substantially parallel, when force is applied to the grip portion, the force is transmitted as it is to the thin working portion, so that the cutting edge is in the same direction as the hand force. It is possible to apply force to In addition, it allows for quick insertion into the periodontal cavity. In addition, each of the inclination angles is an angle at which the thin working part can be inserted at any angle of the tooth from outside the oral cavity, and when the thin working part is inserted into the periodontal ligament space between the tooth and the alveolar bone, It is possible to lift the teeth.
That is, the tip of the thin working part (5) is applied to the distal buccal corner of the mandibular last molar that is most difficult to extract in terms of angle, and the limit of the angle at which the blade can be inserted into the periodontal cavity is the opposite jaw tip The limit of the angle at which the blade can be inserted into the periodontal cavity is 34 to 40 ° at the anterior teeth, so that the handle portion (2) at 35 to 40 ° which is the tip of the anterior jaw front teeth contacts the incisal edge of the maxillary anterior teeth In this case, the angle formed by the line connecting the distal end of the maxillary incisor and the distal lower corner of the mandibular molar is about 35-40 °, and when the mouth is opened to the maximum, there is a margin of about 15-20 °. Therefore, when the thin working part (5) is inserted between the tooth and the alveolar bone, the cutting edge can be inserted into the periodontal ligament cavity with a force along the tooth root by the movement angle of 15 to 20 °. The tooth can be dislocated.

  In addition, the shape and angle of inclination of the thin working part are shapes and angles that can be easily inserted into the mesial or distal corner of the tooth, and when operating the handle part, the tooth is removed from the alveolar bone by the force of the wedge. Can be dislocated.

A tooth extraction tool 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig.1 (a) is a side view of the tooth extraction tool 100 which concerns on position embodiment of this invention, (b) is a front view.

  The tooth extraction tool 100 according to the present embodiment has a handle portion 2, a shaft portion 3, an intermediate connection portion 4, and a thin working portion 5 having axes extending concentrically on one plane (that is, the surface in FIG. 4B). The handle portion 2 has a first axis 1 extending in the longitudinal direction. Similarly to the tooth extraction tool of Patent Document 5, as shown in FIG. 14, the handle portion 2 has a hexagonal shape in cross section and a hexagonal pyramid shape that becomes smaller in diameter toward the shaft portion 3. . The shaft portion 3 has a truncated cone shape that extends concentrically from the tip of the handle portion 2 and has a smaller diameter toward the tip.

  The shaft portion 3 extends concentrically from the tip of the handle portion 2 and has a shape with a small diameter toward the tip. The bending angle formed by the long axes of the thin working portion 5 and the handle portion 2 is as follows: It is almost parallel. Specifically, the angle α formed by the third axis 12 extending in the longitudinal direction of the thin working portion 5 and the first axis 1 of the handle portion 2 is substantially parallel.

  As shown in FIG. 5 (a), when the distal end of the thin working part 5 is applied to the lower buccal distal buccal distal cheek corner and the handle part 2 is in contact with the maxillary anterior tooth incision, When the angle formed by the line connecting the distal end of the tooth and the distal lower corner of the lower jaw is about 35-40 ° and the mouth is opened to the maximum, the margin of about 15-20 ° (the tooth extraction tool rotates) When the thin working part 5 is inserted between the tooth and the alveolar bone, the tooth is dislocated by the movement angle of 15 to 20 °. .

Hereinafter, the configuration of the tooth extraction tool of the present invention will be specifically described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the intermediate connecting portion 4 has a predetermined angle β with the first axis 1 with respect to another plane (that is, the plane of FIG. 1) that intersects the one plane at an angle of 90 degrees. The second axis 10 is bent and has a columnar shape or a truncated cone shape extending from the tip of the shaft portion 3. The angle β formed by the second axis 10 and the first axis 1 is a preferable value of about 16 to 35 °, and more preferably 20 to 30 °.

The thin working portion 5 extends from the tip of the intermediate connection portion 4 and bends so that the angle α formed with the axis 1 in the direction opposite to the intermediate connection portion 4 is 0 to 5 ° or less across the other plane. It has three axes 12. This angle α is more preferably 0 to 3 °.
Note that the reason why the intermediate connection portion 4 and the thin working portion 5 are bent twice with respect to the shaft portion 3 is that α + β = γ in order to make the first axis 1 and the third axis infinitely parallel. This is necessary.

The angle γ formed by the third axis 12 and the second axis 10 of the thin working portion 5 is a preferred value of about 16 to 36 °. More preferably, it is 20-30 degrees.
As shown in FIG. 3, an intersection of the second axis 10 and the shaft portion 3 is set as C. Let A be the intersection of the second axis 10 and the thin working part 5. The distance between the intersection C and the line passing through the intersection A and parallel to the first axis 1 is about 10 mm. The distance between the intersection A and the intersection C is 28 to 30 mm.
The distance between the intersection A and the perpendicular from the intersection C to the first axis 1 is 20 to 25 mm.
The distance between the intersection C between the second axis 10 and the shaft portion 3 and the line passing through the intersection A and parallel to the first axis 1 is about 10 mm. The distance is 10 mm close to the buccal tongue diameter of the molar. This is because it is adapted.
With such an angle and length, even when an extraction tool is inserted into the distal corner of the back tooth, dislocation can be performed within the range where the extraction tool does not hit the cheek and at the normal mouth opening angle. It is clinically known that

  The thin working portion 5 has a substantially crescent-shaped cross-section with a concave surface 5a on the inner surface (right side in FIG. 1), contrary to the conventional one when the handle portion 2 is set up vertically. have. As shown in FIG. 2B, the concave surface 5a has a symmetrical shape with respect to the other plane. The thin working portion 5 has a semicircular tip, and a blade 5b whose thickness decreases toward the tip. The tip has a thickness that does not tear or cut the surrounding gums (does not cut the gums). However, it is preferable that the blade tip can be inserted into the space between the root and alveolar bones (referred to as periodontal ligament space).

  As shown in FIG. 2B, the shape R1 of the concave surface 5a of the thin working portion 5 is a shape that matches the outer surface shape of the tooth root and exerts a wedge force. In addition, the convex shape R2 of the thin working portion 5 is designed to be a smooth curved surface in order to reduce the destruction of the gingiva and alveolar bone. Specifically, the concave surface 5a of the thin working part 5 has a symmetrical shape with respect to the other plane, and the diameter D1 of the inner surface 5a is a curved surface of about 5 to 15 mm, and its circumferential length is about It is about 2-5 mm. The outer peripheral length of the concave surface is about 3 to 5 mm, and the thickness gradually increases from the cut end toward the center. Specifically, the thickness of the curved portion is gradually increased from 1 to 4 mm so that the wedge force works. The angle of the blade edge 5b is determined with the aim of the minimum angle necessary for dislocation clinically by applying the wedge principle (the principle of rolling). The angle formed by the thickness of the blade edge 5b is preferably 5 to 10 °.

  The thin working part 5 is provided with four laser scales (marks) 5c capable of recognizing the insertion depth when the thin working part 5 is inserted between the alveolar bone and the teeth. It is provided by forming a line in the thin working part 5 by a laser. The interval between the laser graduations 5c is 4 mm from the tip of the blade 5b to the adjacent laser graduation 5c, and from here, the interval between the adjacent laser graduations 5c is set at three locations of 2 mm, and 4 mm from the cut end. In addition, the length from the tip of the blade tip to the four scales is 2 mm in total and 10 mm in total. In the present embodiment, the interval of the laser scale 5c is set to the above value, but is not limited to this value.

  The length a of the shaft portion 3 shown in FIG. 1B is about 33 ± 7 mm. The length b of the intermediate connection portion 4 is about 10 ± 5 mm. The length c of the thin working part 5 is about 15 ± 4 mm. The length f of the handle portion 2 is about 80 ± 2 mm. Further, in the present embodiment, the shaft portion 3 is formed with a shaft portion 3a on the handle portion 2 side, and the length e of the step portion 3a is about 12 ± 4 mm. Further, the width g of the thin working part 5 is about 5 ± 2 mm, and the width of the most advanced part is 1 ± 0.5 mm.

Below, the tooth extraction method is demonstrated.
When the extraction tool 100 is inserted on the lower jaw side, the upper jaw tooth restricts the movement of the extraction tool, and when the extraction tool 100 is inserted on the upper jaw side, the lower jaw tooth restricts the movement of the extraction tool.
As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the maximum opening degree of the upper and lower jaw dentition is approximately 55 to 60 °, and the opening degree during normal treatment is 35 to 40 ° (the width that allows three fingers to enter between the upper and lower anterior teeth). About 3 horizontal fingers). In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the distal end of the thin working part 5 is inserted and inserted between the tooth and the alveolar bone with the opening degree of 35 to 40 ° during normal treatment, and the distal end of the maxillary incisor part. The angle formed by the line connecting the distal cheek (tongue) side corner angle of the mandible and the mandibular occlusal plane and the mandibular occlusal plane are each in the range of about 55-60 ° (up or down, left or right up to 35-40 ° grip part from the mandibular molar part) It is designed to allow the dislocation of the last molar by tilting it down.

  The angle when the tip of the extraction tool 100 is applied to a lower cheek (tongue) side corner angle of the mandibular last molar and the handle portion 2 is in contact with the upper anterior tooth portion 42 is approximately 35 to 40 °. In FIG. 5B, the front teeth 42 are bent in the middle so as not to get in the way (see L1 in FIG. 5B), and designed to be easily inserted. The bending angle β is approximately 30 °, and the tip of the tooth extraction tool 100 and the longitudinal axis of the handle portion 2 are substantially parallel. Since there is a margin of 15 to 20 ° when the mouth is opened to the maximum, the angle of the extraction tool 100 is changed, and the tip of the thin working part 5 is inserted between the tooth and the alveolar bone and dislocated.

Next, a tooth extraction method using the tooth extraction tool 100 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 15B.
First, so that the concave surface 5a of the thin working portion 5 faces the tooth 41, the blade 5b is inserted into the periodontal cavity space (salcus) 41c (that is, the tooth root 41d and the alveolar bone at the distal corner of the cheek or lingual side). 41a) (slight gap between 41a). At this time, the direction of the force applied to the tooth extraction tool 100 (that is, the direction of the force applied to the handle portion 2) needs to be a direction in which the blade is inserted along the surface of the tooth root 41d. The insertion depth is performed while checking with the laser scale 5c. Thereby, destruction of the bone which arises when the thin working part 5 enters the periodontal ligament cavity 43b excessively deeply can be prevented. At this time, the laser scale is in a range of one scale or less.

  More specifically, the direction of the force at the time of dislocation will be described. The concave portion 5a at the tip of the thin working portion 5 of the extraction tool 100 is directed slightly toward the tooth 41 so that the slight gap between the alveolar bone 41a and the tooth root 41d. It is inserted into the periodontal ligament space (Sarcus) 41c with minimal destruction. When the tooth 41 is lifted upward by the wedge force and dislocated, the tooth 41 is detached from the alveolar fossa 43 which is a socket. The insertion direction of the tip of the extraction tool 100 is inserted at an angle near the perpendicular to the meshing surface while finely moving left and right along the root wall (the root side of the surrounding alveolar bone) within the periodontal cavity. Then, the wedge force is applied, and the tooth root 41d is dislocated from the alveolar fossa 43 in the upward g direction, lifted, and extracted. The transmission direction of the extraction tool 100 to be gripped is optimal in the main shaft direction.

  Next, after inserting the thin working portion 5 to a desired depth, the handle portion 2 is slightly tilted to the crown side (leftward in FIG. 15B), so that the vicinity of the crown is used as a fulcrum. The force acts on the tooth root, the wedge force also acts simultaneously, and the tooth 41 is dislocated. At this time, since the base of the thin working portion 5 is thicker than the cutting edge 5b, a wedge force is applied, and can sufficiently withstand the force applied to the thin working portion 5 during dislocation.

Thus, since the thickness of the thin working part 5 is gradually reduced toward the cutting edge, it can be easily inserted into the periodontal cavity 41b.
Moreover, since the centrifugal lingual side corner, which is the position where the thin working part 5 is inserted, is a thick position in the alveolar bone 41a, it is also compared when the tooth 41 becomes a fulcrum when the tooth 41 is dislocated by the principle of lever. While it is durable, it is dislocated mainly by the force of the wedge, but since there are few obstacles in the direction in which the extraction tool 100 is inclined, it is the position where the dislocation efficiency is the best. Since the thin working portion 5 has a concave surface 5a, it can be easily inserted into the corner on the centrifugal tongue side. Note that the force of the insulator is used when allowing bone fracture, and the force of the wedge is used when preventing bone fracture.

In FIG. 8, the lingual centrifugal angle is LD, the buccal centrifugal angle is BD, the lingual mesial angle is LM, and the buccal mesial angle is BM.
In the extraction tool of the present embodiment, basically any tooth can be extracted, but in particular, the maxillary teeth, the corners LD and BD on the side of the distal tongue and the buccal side, and the lower teeth, the distal tongue and the cheek. Tooth extraction at the side corners LD and BD is suitable. Particularly suitable for the last extraction.
For the front teeth, the tool of the present invention is preferably used on the lingual side. This is because the insertion of the cutting edge 5b is suitable for insertion from the lingual side where the bone is hard and thick, and it is less invasive if inserted into the lingual corner of the extracted alveolar bone on the adjacent tooth side. That is, the buccal side may have bones of 0 to 1 mm or less, and is often thin and rough, and the lower lingual side or the upper jaw palate side is harder. In addition, since destruction absorption is less than that on the buccal side, first, dislocation is attempted from the tongue side or the palate side, and judgment is carefully made so that the extraction tool is not inserted from the buccal side as much as possible.

As shown in FIG. 9, the position where the tooth extraction tool 100 of the present invention can be inserted is the position of a white circle ○. In the conventional tooth extraction tool 200, the insertion position is suitable for insertion into the corner of the mesial tongue side or the cheek side, and is a black circle ● in the figure.
Any tooth extraction tool can be inserted in the front tooth part, but in the conventional tooth extraction tool 200, since the angle between the handle part and the thin working part is large, the transmission angle of the force is not linear, so for the front tooth, Poor operability. For this reason, in the tooth extraction tool according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the grip portion and the thin working portion are substantially parallel, the force transmission angle is linear, the direction stability is good, and the operability is superior.
If bone destruction is not particularly taken into consideration, it can be inserted on either the buccal side or the lingual side, and rapid tooth extraction is possible.

The tooth extraction tool 100 is more suitable to be inserted into the distal corner of the tooth on both the cheek tongue side of all teeth because the thin working part 5 is substantially parallel to the handle part 2, and the direction of the force applied to the hand Acts on the periodontal cavity of the root surface in parallel. In particular, premolars and molars are obstructed by the cheeks and the tip of the extraction tool is difficult to enter the periodontal cavity of the root surface, so that extraction is performed well by performing extraction with the extraction tool 100 of the present invention. It can be carried out.
Conventionally, since the blade edge and the handle portion of the thin working portion are angled, it is necessary to adjust the insertion angle with the handle portion. According to the present invention, the blade tip and the handle portion 2 of the thin working portion 5 are substantially Since the direction is the same, the position can be easily set, and the safety is high because it does not slip reliably. Thus, in the tooth extraction tool 100 according to the present invention, the angle formed by the long axes of the handle portion 2 and the thin working portion 5 is substantially parallel, so that the transmission of the force applied to the handle portion to the tip portion is good. In addition, since the insertion angle can be provided so as to be operated at the lingual centrifugal angle, a tooth extraction tool can be inserted in parallel with the root surface, and dislocation with minimal destruction of the alveolar bone can be easily performed.

  It is possible to provide an inexpensive tooth extraction tool that can easily extract the teeth of most parts by using one tooth extraction tool.

(A) is a side view of the tooth extraction tool concerning embodiment of this invention, (b) is a front view of the tooth extraction tool. (A) is a front view showing the part of an axial part, an intermediate | middle connection part, and a thin work part, (b) is 4-4 sectional drawing of Fig.2 (a). It is the expansion outline figure seen from the back side of the thin working part of the tooth extraction tool of FIG. (A) is a side view of the tooth extraction tool of embodiment of this invention, (b) is a side view of the conventional tooth extraction tool. (A) is a schematic diagram explaining the usage method of a tooth extraction tool, and is explanatory drawing at the time of a normal opening and a maximum opening, (b) is a figure explaining the relationship between a tooth extraction tool and an anterior tooth. It is a figure explaining the structure of a tooth | gear at the time of tooth extraction, and direction of force. It is a figure explaining the tooth meshing plane 44. FIG. It is a figure explaining the mesial and centrifugal of teeth, the lingual side and the buccal side. In a dentition diagram, it is explanatory drawing of the position of the tooth which can be extracted with the extraction tool of the past and this invention. It is a side view of the conventional tooth extraction tool. It is a front view of the tooth extraction tool of FIG. It is a front view showing the part of a shaft part, an intermediate connection part, and a thin working part. It is 4-4 sectional drawing of FIG. It is 5-5 sectional drawing of FIG. (A) is a figure explaining the usage method of the conventional extraction tool, (b) is a figure explaining the usage method of the extraction tool of embodiment of this invention, and the tooth | gear in the case of extraction and the extraction tool It is a figure which shows a state. It is explanatory drawing about the usage example of the conventional tooth extraction tool.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st axis 2 Handle part 3 Shaft part 4 Intermediate | middle connection part 5 Thin working part 5a Concave surface 5b Blade 5c Laser scale (mark)
10 Second axis 12 Third axis 100 Extraction tool

Claims (12)

A handle portion (2) having an axis extending concentrically on one plane, a shaft portion (3), an intermediate connection portion (4), and a thin working portion (5);
The handle (2) has a first axis (1) extending in the longitudinal direction,
The shaft portion (3) extends concentrically from the tip of the handle portion (2) and has a shape with a smaller diameter toward the tip.
The intermediate connection portion (4) has a shape that concentrically extends from the tip end of the shaft portion (3) at a predetermined angle and has a smaller diameter toward the tip end.
The thin working part (5) extends concentrically from the tip of the shaft part (3) at a predetermined angle, and the side that is constricted and contacts the tooth is the outer shape of the tooth. It is concave to match the shape,
The angle (α) formed by the third axis (12) extending in the longitudinal direction of the thin working part (5) and the first axis (1) of the handle part (2) is substantially parallel. Tooth extraction tool.   The angle (α) formed by the third axis (12) extending in the longitudinal direction of the thin working part (5) and the first axis (1) of the handle part (2) is 0 to 5 ° or less. 2. The tooth extraction tool according to claim 1, wherein   When the tip of the thin working part (5) is placed on the distal cheek side corner of the mandible, the maxillary incisor tip and the distal lower corner of the mandible, when the handle (2) is in contact with the maxillary anterior incisor The angle formed by the line connecting the corners is about 35-40 °, and when the mouth is opened to the maximum, the thin working part (5) is placed between the teeth and the alveoli so that there is a margin of about 15-20 °. The tooth extraction tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tooth is dislocated by a movement angle of 15 to 20 ° when inserted between bones. A handle portion (2) having an axis extending concentrically on one plane, a shaft portion (3), an intermediate connection portion (4), and a thin working portion (5);
The handle (2) has a first axis (1) extending in the longitudinal direction,
The shaft portion (3) extends concentrically from the tip of the handle portion (2) and has a shape with a smaller diameter toward the tip.
The intermediate connection portion (4) is bent at an angle (β) of 16 to 35 ° or less with the first axis (1) with respect to another plane intersecting the one plane at an angle of 90 degrees. A second axis (10) that has a columnar or truncated conical shape extending from the tip of the shaft (3),
The thin working part (5) is bent so that the angle (α) formed with the axis (1) is 0 to 5 ° or less in the opposite direction to the intermediate connection part (4) across the other plane. Cross section approximately crescent with 3 axes (12), extending from the tip of the intermediate connection (4) and having a concave surface (5a) when facing the handle (2) vertically Has a flat shape,
An extraction tool characterized in that an angle (γ) formed between the third axis (12) and the second axis (10) of the thin working part (5) is 16 to 36 °.   The tip of the thin working part (5) is semicircular when viewed from the front, and is formed with a blade (5b) whose thickness becomes extremely thin toward the tip. 5. The tooth extraction tool according to claim 4, wherein a wedge force acts when inserted into the membrane cavity.   The tooth extraction tool according to claim 5, wherein the tip angle formed by the thickness of the cutting edge of the thin working part (5) is about 5 to 10 °.   The concave surface (5a) of the thin working portion (5) has a left-right shape with respect to the other plane, and the inner surface (R1) has a diameter (D1) of a curved surface of about 5 to 15 mm. The tooth extraction tool according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the circumferential length is about 2 to 5 mm.   The thin working part (5) is provided with at least one mark (5c) on the outer surface side that is not a contact surface with the teeth so that the insertion depth can be recognized. The tooth extraction tool according to any one of claims 4 to 6. The intersection (C) between the second axis (10) and the shaft portion (3) and the intersection (A) between the second axis (10) and the thin working portion (5) are parallel to the first axis (1). The distance from the vertical line to the vertical line is about 10 mm,
The distance between the intersection (A) and the intersection (C) is 28-30 mm, and the distance between the intersection (A) and the perpendicular from the intersection (C) to the first axis (1) is 20-25 mm. The tooth extraction tool according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the tooth extraction tool is formed.   The tooth extraction tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the length (a) of the shaft portion (3) is about 33 ± 7 mm.   The tooth extraction tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the length (b) of the intermediate connecting portion (4) is about 10 ± 5 mm.   The tooth extraction tool according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the length (c) of the thin working portion (5) is about 15 ± 4 mm.

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