JP2009106891A - Method of manufacturing elastic roller - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of manufacturing elastic roller improving a formability in coating, and having excellent deflection accuracy, and an elastic roller. <P>SOLUTION: In the method of manufacturing elastic roller having the step of forming a liquid material layer by a ringlike coating head, the liquid material comprises one or more kind selected from liquid butadiene rubber, liquid isoprene rubber, liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, and liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, and includes at least following carbon blacks A and B in the following ratio of C, wherein the yield stress of the liquid material is 20 to 600 Pa. (Carbon black A) average primary particle size: 10 to 40 nm, 100 mass parts. (Carbon black B) average primary particle size: 80 to 150 nm, 100 to 500 mass parts. (C) carbon black A and carbon black B are 90 mass% or more of the total inorganic filler. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a printer or a copying machine, and a method for manufacturing an elastic roller used in an electrophotographic process cartridge.

  An image forming unit is installed inside the main body of the electrophotographic recording apparatus, and an image is formed through processes of cleaning, charging, latent image formation, development, transfer, and fixing. The image forming unit includes a photosensitive drum which is an image carrier, and further includes a cleaning unit, a charging unit, a latent image forming unit, a developing unit, and a transfer unit. The developer image on the photosensitive drum formed by the image forming unit is transferred onto a recording material by a transfer member, conveyed, and then discharged as a recording image fixed by being heated and pressed by a fixing unit.

  An example of a printer using an electrophotographic system is shown. In a one-component contact development type printer, the photosensitive drum is uniformly charged by a charging roller or a corona charger, and an electrostatic latent image is formed by a laser. Next, the developer in the developer container is uniformly applied onto the developing roller with an appropriate frictional charge by the developer application roller and the developer regulating member, and development with the developer is performed at the contact portion between the photosensitive drum and the developing roller. Is called. Thereafter, the developer on the photosensitive drum is transferred onto a recording sheet by a transfer roller and fixed by heat and pressure (a pressure roller and a fixing roller). The developer remaining on the photosensitive drum is removed by a cleaning blade, and a series of processes is completed.

  In the electrophotographic apparatus, the developing roller is in pressure contact with the photosensitive drum and the developer regulating member. When developing, the developing roller and the photosensitive drum, and the developing roller and the developer regulating member are in pressure contact with each other with the developer interposed therebetween. The developer that is not transferred to the photosensitive drum is peeled off by the developer application roller, returned to the developing container again, stirred in the container, and conveyed again onto the developing roller by the developer application roller. As these steps are repeated, the developer is subjected to great stress. Therefore, for the purpose of reducing stress on the developer, the developing roller is an elastic roller provided with an elastic layer having appropriate elasticity around the shaft core.

  The charging roller is also an elastic roller provided with an elastic layer having an appropriate elasticity around the shaft core so that a sufficient nip can be obtained to uniformly charge the photosensitive drum.

  Thus, since the elastic roller always rotates in contact with other members, it is necessary to keep the contact state stable, and thus high dimensional accuracy is required. If the contact state cannot be kept stable, the developer supply amount varies and the pressure distribution on the photosensitive drum varies, which adversely affects the image.

  Furthermore, in recent years, the need for colorization and high image quality of electrophotography has increased, and there has been a strict demand for higher accuracy of the outer dimensions and deflection (thickness accuracy) of the electrophotographic elastic roller. For example, in the contact-type development method, the developing roller presses the surface of the photosensitive drum through the developer as described above, and therefore the nip width and nip between the photosensitive drum and the photosensitive drum are not accurate unless the external dimensions and runout (thickness accuracy) are accurate. In some cases, the force fluctuates and image defects such as density unevenness occur.

  As a developing roller used in such a contact developing system, there is an elastic roller having a configuration in which various resin solutions are applied to the outer peripheral side of the elastic layer as necessary in addition to the elastic layer, and a surface layer is provided.

  Conventionally, in order to manufacture an elastic roller, a molding method using a mold is often used. For example, there is a mold forming technique in which one or a plurality of reservoir grooves are provided in the shaft core receiving portion (Patent Document 1). According to this, it is said that good molding can be performed without reducing the dimensional accuracy of the elastic roller by allowing excess elastic layer material to escape into the reservoir groove. As described above, a molding method using a mold is generally used to mold a highly accurate elastic roller. However, in the mold forming technology, a large number of highly accurate molds are required, and it is inevitable that the production equipment will be expensive. While satisfying the performance characteristics described above, it is also required to reduce the cost by the elastic roller manufacturing method.

  In addition, as a method for forming the elastic layer material on the outer periphery of the shaft core body without using a mold, for example, coating is performed by a spray coating method, a dip coating method, a roll coating method, a blade coating method, or an annular coating tank. Methods and coating methods using an annular coating head have been studied.

  In the elastic roller, an elastic layer having a desired function is formed on the outer periphery of the shaft core body in accordance with various uses. Particularly in recent years, in order to express such a desired function, an elastic layer from a uniform thin layer to a thickness of about several millimeters is required, and the elastic layer material itself to be applied is diversified. Along with this, some elastic layer materials have a low viscosity to a high viscosity. For this reason, it has become difficult to cover the coating range of such an elastic layer material in the conventional coating method.

  For example, the spray coating method can use only an elastic layer material having a low viscosity, and the thickness of the elastic layer is up to about 500 μm. If the viscosity of the elastic layer material is increased in order to increase the thickness of the elastic layer, atomization of the elastic layer material becomes difficult.

  In the blade coating method and the roll coating method, a blade or a roll is disposed in the axial direction of a shaft core body to be coated, and the elastic layer material is coated with the blade or the roll while rotating the shaft core body. After rotating the shaft core by one to several turns, the blade or roll is moved backward to finish the coating. At the end of this coating, when the blade or roll is retracted and separated from the uncured and undried elastic layer material, the elastic layer material has a viscosity that is thicker than the other parts due to the viscosity of the elastic layer material. Part or thin part occurs. In particular, when the viscosity of the elastic layer material is increased in order to increase the thickness of the elastic layer, the change in thickness cannot be recovered even by the leveling of the elastic layer. However, an accurate elastic layer cannot be obtained, and an image defect may occur.

  In the dip coating method, the problem of non-uniformity of the elastic layer in the blade coating method and the roll coating method is improved. However, since the control of the elastic layer thickness is governed by the physical properties of the elastic layer material, such as the viscosity, surface tension and density of the elastic layer material, and other temperatures, the physical properties of the elastic layer material must be kept constant at all times. However, it is difficult to keep it constant. In addition, the immersion tank has to be filled with the elastic layer material in advance, so that a large amount of the elastic layer material is required with respect to the actual use amount, and the productivity is low. In addition, the elastic layer material drips due to gravity in the longitudinal direction of the elastic roller, and in particular, the elastic layer material drips at the start and immediately after coating, and the external dimensions and runout (thickness accuracy) are reduced. To be accurate, it is necessary to precisely control the dipping or pulling speed.

Moreover, the method of apply | coating a liquid material with a cyclic | annular coating tank is known (patent documents 2 and 3). This coating method is a method in which a liquid material is held in an annular coating tank, the shaft core body is raised from the annular coating tank, and the liquid material is coated on the surface of the shaft core body. This method has the following advantages.
・ Coating is possible with a small amount of elastic layer material compared to the dip coating method.
・ Controlling the discharge rate and coating speed of the liquid material increases the production speed, and
-Continuous coating is possible by moving the shaft core relative to the annular coating tank.
However, in the coating method in the annular coating tank shown in this patent document, the maximum thickness of the liquid material layer is about 500 μm.

  In the conventional coating method described above, in order to form a liquid material layer having a thickness of about several millimeters, a highly viscous elastic layer material is diluted with a solvent, and the liquid material layer has a viscosity required for coating. Apply the coating in a lowered state. Thereafter, the solvent used for diluting the liquid material layer is removed by evaporation to form an elastic layer. The process of overcoating an elastic material on the formed elastic layer and removing the solvent had to be repeated, and the productivity was very low. Moreover, since the elastic roller manufactured in this way repeats many processes, it is difficult to control the dimensional accuracy and deflection (thickness accuracy) of the elastic roller.

  As a method for directly applying a high-viscosity liquid material layer to a shaft core, there is a coating method using an annular coating head (Patent Document 4). According to this, the restriction of the coating process due to the viscosity of the liquid material and the thickness of the liquid material layer is removed to some extent, and the liquid material is directly applied on the outer periphery of the shaft core body with a simpler device, and it is good and uniform A liquid material layer can be formed. In addition, an example using silicone rubber as a liquid material is described.

  As a method for producing an elastic roller using a general-purpose liquid rubber other than silicone rubber, a molding method using a mold as described above is known (Patent Document 5). It is possible to manufacture elastic rollers with good dimensional accuracy by using a mold, but as mentioned above, it is inevitable that the production equipment will be expensive, and it is possible to manufacture elastic rollers with high accuracy and low cost. Not.

JP 2000-006163 A Japanese Patent No. 2756830 Japanese Patent No. 2764435 JP 2006-293015 A JP 2002-249620 A

  As described above, by applying the liquid silicone rubber directly onto the shaft core body using the annular coating head, it is possible to form an elastic roller with good dimensional accuracy, particularly with good runout accuracy. However, when molding was performed in the same manner using a general-purpose liquid rubber material other than silicone rubber, an elastic roller with good runout accuracy could not be molded. This is presumed that when only one type of carbon black having a small particle size was added as a conductive material, the carbon black reinforcement to rubber was too strong, and the moldability during coating was lowered.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an elastic roller having good moldability and good runout accuracy when applying a liquid material when a general-purpose liquid rubber material other than silicone rubber is used as the liquid rubber material. .

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the present invention includes a step of forming a liquid material layer by discharging and applying a liquid material in which at least a liquid rubber and an inorganic filler are mixed on the outer periphery of the shaft core body using a ring-shaped coating head; A process for forming an elastic layer on the shaft core, wherein the liquid rubber is at least a liquid butadiene rubber, a liquid isoprene rubber, a liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, a liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer. One or more kinds of polymer rubbers, and the thickness of the elastic layer is 0.5 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less, and the inorganic filler contains at least the following carbon black A and carbon black B at a ratio of C below. And the yield stress of the liquid material is 20 Pa or more and 600 Pa or less. To.
(Carbon black A) Carbon black having an average primary particle size of 10 nm to 40 nm (Carbon black B) Carbon black having an average primary particle size of 80 nm to 150 nm (C) When carbon black A is 100 parts by mass, carbon black B is 100 parts by mass to 500 parts by mass, and carbon black A + carbon black B is 90% by mass or more of the total inorganic filler.

  As described above, according to the present invention, even when a general-purpose liquid rubber material other than silicone rubber is used as the liquid rubber material, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing an elastic roller having excellent moldability and good runout accuracy. became. Furthermore, liquid butadiene rubber, liquid isoprene rubber, liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, and liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber used in the present invention are less expensive than silicone rubber, and it is possible to reduce the cost of an elastic roller. It is.

  Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the elastic roller by this invention is demonstrated in detail.

An elastic roller manufacturing method according to the present invention includes a step of forming a liquid material layer by discharging and applying a liquid material in which at least a liquid rubber and an inorganic filler are mixed on the outer periphery of a shaft core body using a ring-shaped coating head. And a method of producing an elastic roller having a step of heat-curing the liquid material layer to form an elastic layer on the shaft core, wherein the liquid rubber is at least liquid butadiene rubber, liquid isoprene rubber, liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, liquid Any one or more of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubbers, and the thickness of the elastic layer is 0.5 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less, and the inorganic filler is at least the following carbon black A and carbon black B is contained in the ratio of the following C, and the yield stress of the liquid material is 20 Pa or more and 600 Pa or less.
(Carbon black A) Carbon black having an average primary particle size of 10 nm to 40 nm (Carbon black B) Carbon black having an average primary particle size of 80 nm to 150 nm (C) When carbon black A is 100 parts by mass, carbon black B is 100 to 500 parts by mass, and carbon black A + carbon black B is 90% by mass or more of the total inorganic filler.

(Shaft core)
The shaft core used in the present invention functions as an electrode or a support member. The shaft core body may be subjected to a plating treatment with chromium or nickel, if necessary, on a metal or alloy of iron, aluminum, copper alloy or stainless steel. Moreover, you may comprise with materials, such as a synthetic resin. The shape is preferably a columnar shape or a cylindrical shape with a hollow center. The outer diameter of the shaft core can be determined as appropriate, but is usually in the range of 4.0 to 20.0 mm in diameter.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic explanatory diagram of a coating machine having an annular coating head that can be suitably used in the method for producing an elastic roller of the present invention. In the present invention, the coating machine is hereinafter referred to as a ring coat machine.

  In this ring coat machine, a column 32 is attached substantially vertically on a gantry 31, and a precision ball screw 33 is attached substantially vertically on the gantry 31 and the column 32. Reference numeral 44 denotes a linear guide, and two linear guides 44 are attached to the column 32 in parallel with the precision ball screw 33. A linear motion guide (hereinafter referred to as LM guide) 34 connects a linear guide 44 and a precision ball screw 33, and a rotary motion is transmitted from a servo motor 35 via a pulley 36 so that the linear motion guide 34 can be moved up and down. An annular coating head fixing table 45 is attached to the column 32. An annular coating head position correction XY stage 46 is attached to the annular coating head fixing table 45, and an annular coating head 38 is attached on the annular coating head position correction XY stage 46.

  2 is a view of the mechanism around the annular coating head position correcting XY stage 46 as viewed from directly above, and the back side in FIG. 2 is the LM guide side in FIG. Here, the X direction is the left-right direction in FIG. 2, and the Y direction is the front-rear direction in FIG. The annular coating head position correcting XY stage 46 is provided with a driving mechanism in both XY directions (horizontal directions) and is driven by a stepping motor. As shown in FIG. 2, the annular coating head fixing table 45 has a pair of LED position detectors 48 in the XY direction (positions in the X direction) to detect the position of the shaft core and the position of the coating head. Two sets of detectors 48-1, Y direction position detector 48-2) are attached. A laser may be used as a light source for optical position detection. Thus, in order to improve the accuracy of position detection of the measurement object, it is preferable that two or more sets of LED position detectors 48 are attached. The LED position detector 48 includes a pair of a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit, and detects the position of the measurement object from the difference in luminance of the received light.

  A bracket 37 is attached to the LM guide 34. A shaft core body position correction XY stage 47 is attached to the bracket 37, and a shaft core body lower holding shaft 39 that holds and fixes the shaft core body 101 on the shaft core body position correction XY stage 47 is substantially vertical. It is attached. The central axis of the shaft core upper holding shaft 40 that holds the shaft core body 101 of the roller on the opposite side is attached to the upper portion of the bracket 37, and the shaft core upper holding shaft 40 faces the shaft core lower holding shaft 39. And it arrange | positions so that it may become substantially concentric, and the shaft core body is hold | maintained.

  The central axes of the annular coating heads 38 are respectively supported so as to be parallel to the moving direction of the shaft core lower holding shaft 39 and the shaft core upper holding shaft 40. Further, when the shaft core lower holding shaft 39 and the shaft core upper holding shaft 40 are moved up and down, the central axis of the discharge port formed as an annular slit opened inside the annular coating head 38 and the shaft core lower shaft The center axis of the holding shaft 39 and the shaft core holding shaft 40 is adjusted so as to be substantially concentric.

  The liquid material supply port 41 is connected to a supply valve 43 via a pipe 42. The material supply valve 43 includes a mixing mixer, a material supply pump, a material fixed amount discharge device, and a material tank in front of the material supply valve 43 so as to discharge a fixed amount (a constant amount per unit time). The liquid material is weighed from a material tank by a material dispensing device and mixed by a mixing mixer. Thereafter, the liquid material mixed by the material supply pump is sent from the material supply valve 43 to the supply port 41 via the pipe 42.

  The liquid material fed from the supply port 41 passes through the flow path in the annular coating head 38 and is discharged from the nozzle of the annular coating head 38 (FIG. 3). In order to make the layer thickness of the liquid material constant, the discharge amount from the annular coating head nozzle and the supply amount from the material supply pump are made constant, and the shaft core body 101 held in the vertical direction (the shaft core body Move upward in the direction of the central axis). As a result, the shaft core body 101 moves in the axial direction relative to the annular coating head 38, and a cylindrical (roll-shaped) layer 102 made of a liquid material is formed on the outer periphery of the shaft core body 101. .

  An elastic roller can be manufactured by the present invention using a ring coater having the annular coating head 38.

  In manufacturing the elastic roller, first, the center position of the annular coating head 38 is adjusted so that the shaft core holding shaft 40 is at the center of the annular coating head 38. The LM guide 34 shown in FIG. 1 is moved in the vertical direction and adjusted so that the tip of the shaft core holding shaft 40 falls within the measurement range of the LED position detector 48, and the center of the shaft core holding shaft 40 is adjusted. The position coordinates (X and Y coordinates on the horizontal plane) were read and used as the origin of the coordinates. Thereafter, in the measurement of all position coordinates, the origin of the coordinates is the center position coordinate of the holding shaft 40 on the shaft core body. Subsequently, the position of the annular coating head 38 is corrected. As a method for correcting the position of the annular coating head 38, a method of obtaining and adjusting the position coordinates of the annular coating head 38 by a contact formula, a position of the annular coating head 38 by setting a pin 49 as a reference on the annular coating head 38. A method for obtaining the coordinates in a non-contact manner by the LED position detector 48 is exemplified.

  As an example, FIG. 4 shows a schematic explanatory diagram of a method for setting a pin 49 serving as a reference on the annular coating head 38 and obtaining the position coordinates of the annular coating head 38 by the LED position detector 48. As shown in FIG. 4, a total of four pins 49 are erected on the annular coating head 38, two each for the X axis and the Y axis so as to be equidistant from the central axis of the annular coating head 38. . First, the LED position detector 48 measures the distance between the shaft core holding shaft 40 and the pin 49 standing on the annular coating head 38. At that time, as shown in FIG. 4, the annular coating head position correcting XY stage 46 is driven so that the distances X1, X2, Y1, and Y2 are X1 = X2 and Y1 = Y2. By passing through this process, the center position coordinate of the annular coating head 38 with respect to the shaft core holding shaft 40 is relatively obtained.

  5A to 5G are schematic explanatory views of the elastic roller manufacturing method according to the present invention.

  The shaft core body 101 is gripped in the vertical axis direction by the shaft core upper holding shaft 40 and the shaft core lower holding shaft 39. In the present invention, gripping the shaft core body 101 in the vertical axis direction refers to gripping the end of the shaft core body so that the shaft core body is in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. 5A.

  The LM guide (not shown in FIGS. 5A to 5G) is lowered while the shaft core body 101 is gripped in the vertical axis direction. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5B, for example, the LED position detector 48 uses two center position coordinates (X and Y in the horizontal plane) of the axial direction (longitudinal direction) positions 101-1 and 101-2 of the shaft core body 101. Coordinates). Although the longitudinal position of the shaft core body 101 for detecting the horizontal position coordinates depends on the length of the shaft core body 101, it is usually preferable to set two points within 80 nm, more preferably within 50 nm from both ends of the shaft core body 101 respectively. Choose. The one near the end of the shaft core 101 is preferable in terms of accuracy.

  Next, the center position coordinate of the shaft core measurement point 101-1 of the axis core measurement point 101-2 is determined based on the center position coordinate of 101-2 of the shaft core measurement points 101-1 and 101-2. Correction is performed by the axial center position correction XY stage 47 so as to be directly below the center (FIG. 5D). Thereby, the tilting of the shaft core body can be corrected, and thereby the bias of the elastic layer when the liquid material is applied can be corrected.

  While the liquid material is discharged from the annular coating head 38 and the shaft core body 101 is moved upward in the vertical direction, the liquid is moved by the annular coating head position correcting XY stage 46 corresponding to the running error (X and Y directions) of the apparatus. The position of the annular coating head 38 during material discharge may be synchronized (FIG. 5E). In this case, the LED position detector 48 detects in advance the position coordinates (X and Y) of the shaft core (hereinafter also referred to as “master”) whose shape is known, and determines the running error of the apparatus. The master used here is a cylindrical stainless steel shaft core, and its cylindricity measured by a roundness meter was 0.2 μm. Thus, the running error of the apparatus is obtained in advance. Then, during coating, the annular coating head 38 is moved in the horizontal direction in synchronization with the running error of the apparatus. Thereby, the running error of the apparatus can be canceled and a liquid material layer having a more uniform thickness can be provided. At this time, the axial coating head 38 may be moved in the horizontal direction in synchronization with the running error of the apparatus while the annular coating head 38 is fixed.

  Through the above steps, a cylindrical (roller-shaped) layer 102 made of a liquid material is formed on the outer periphery of the shaft core 101 (FIG. 5F). Then, the holding shaft 40 on the shaft core body is raised, the shaft core body 101 is removed from the ring coater (FIG. 5G), and heat-cured to produce an elastic roller.

  As described above, an elastic roller with small runout can be manufactured by performing the following steps (i) to (iv).

(I) Step of measuring the running error of the apparatus (ii) Step of detecting the center position coordinate of the shaft core body and correcting the tilt of the shaft core body (iii) The position coordinate of the annular coating head is the center position of the shaft core body The step of correcting the position of the annular coating head so as to coincide with the coordinates (iv) The step of correcting the position of the annular coating head and / or the shaft core in synchronization with the running error of the apparatus at the time of liquid material coating.

(Elastic layer thickness)
The thickness of the elastic layer is in the range of 0.5 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less. Preferably, it is 2.0 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less. When the thickness of the elastic layer is smaller than 0.5 mm, for example, when the elastic roller is used as a developing roller, the elasticity of the elastic layer cannot be obtained and the stress on the developer cannot be reduced. In addition, when the thickness of the elastic layer exceeds 6.0 mm, the vertical ring coater may sag in the direction of gravity due to the weight of the liquid material, which may affect the outer diameter and runout.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the shake is caused by causing the shaft core body supporting member 204 vertically mounted on the reference surface plate 203 to grip the shaft core body exposed portion of the elastic roller, and using the grip portion as a fulcrum. Rotate. The change in the distance between the elastic roller and the surface plate 203 at this time was measured by a non-contact position detector (product name: “LS-5000”, manufactured by Keyence Corporation) arranged perpendicular to the shaft core body 101, and the elastic roller The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance between the platen 203 and the surface plate 203 is obtained as a value. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance between the elastic roller and the surface plate 203 is obtained at a pitch of 1 cm in the axial direction of the elastic layer 103, and the maximum value among the difference values is the value of the deflection of the elastic layer 103. To do. The deflection that can be preferably used as the elastic roller is preferably 60 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, and even more preferably 30 μm or less, although it depends on the grade and durability of the apparatus. By setting the thickness to 60 μm or less, it is possible to suppress uneven stress applied to other members and to prevent wear and deterioration due to stress. Further, it is possible to prevent image adverse effects, particularly density unevenness, due to the loss of the charge and developer supply balance.

(Yield stress of liquid material)
The yield stress of the liquid material applied to the outer periphery of the shaft core body by the annular coating head is set to 20 to 600 Pa. Yield stress (often called the yield point) is the critical stress below which a sample behaves as a solid. When the yield stress is exceeded, structural destruction of the three-dimensional network structure formed by the agglomerated filler occurs, and the sample starts to flow. Deformation continues indefinitely due to the applied stress, and even if the stress is removed, it does not return to its original shape. That is, since the mass of the material increases as the thickness of the coating film increases, the material easily flows in the direction of gravity. In order to prevent the flow from occurring, it is necessary to have a sufficient yield stress to counteract its own weight. By having a sufficient yield stress with respect to the thickness of the coating film, a molded product having a stable shape and good dimensional accuracy can be obtained.

  A preferable range of the yield stress is 100 Pa or more and 400 Pa or less. When the yield stress is in the range of 20 Pa or more and 600 Pa or less, the dimensional accuracy with respect to the coating thickness can be maintained and the balance with the smoothness of the coating surface can be achieved in the best condition. When the yield stress exceeds 600 Pa, the leveling effect of the material at the time of coating is too small, causing difficulties such as generation of streaks or unevenness on the surface after coating. If it is less than 20 Pa, the yield stress is too small for the gravity and the shape after the coating film cannot be formed is deformed, resulting in deformation and a large difference in the outer diameter with respect to the coating thickness of the elastic roller. The elastic roller cannot withstand use.

  The dimensional accuracy that can be suitably used as an elastic roller depends on the grade and durability of the image forming apparatus, but the non-uniformity of the outer diameter in the longitudinal direction can be suppressed to within 3% of the outer diameter of the elastic roller. Is preferred. If it exceeds 3%, the stress applied to the other members is biased, causing the wear and deterioration of a portion where the stress is large to be accelerated, and causing a bad image due to the loss of the balance of charge and developer supply.

(Liquid rubber)
The liquid rubber contained in the liquid material in the present invention is a polymer having fluidity for at least a certain period of time at room temperature, and is cured by heating or with time. Specific examples include liquid butadiene rubber, liquid isoprene rubber, liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, and liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, which are liquid diene rubbers. Such rubber | gum may be used independently or may be used in mixture of 2 or more types.

(Inorganic filler)
The inorganic filler mixed with the liquid rubber in the present invention contains at least an inorganic filler as a conductive agent for imparting conductivity to the elastic layer. Further, an inorganic filler as a filler for reinforcing the elastic layer may be further included.

  Examples of the inorganic filler as the conductive agent include carbon black. Specific examples of carbon black as a conductive agent include acetylene black, special conductive carbon black (for example, “Ketjen Black EC”, “Ketjen Black EC600JD” (both trade names; manufactured by Ketjen Black International), Examples thereof include carbon powders such as PAN-based carbon black and pitch-based carbon black.

  Although the amount of mixing depends on the type, it is preferable that the liquid material contains 5% by mass to 20% by mass. By setting it as said compounding quantity, electroconductivity can fully be exhibited, and a favorable mechanical characteristic can be taken out as a roller used by electrophotography.

It is preferable to adjust the volume resistivity of the elastic layer in the range of 1.0 × 10 ³ Ω · cm to 5.0 × 10 ⁶ Ω · cm by adjusting the addition amount of the conductive agent. When the volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1.0 × 10 ³ Ω · cm or more, an appropriate toner amount is placed on the developing roller by the current flowing through the roller, so that an appropriate image density as a roller can be obtained. Further, when the resistivity of the elastic layer is 5.0 × 10 ⁶ Ω · cm or less, the current flowing through the roller is sufficient, and similarly an appropriate image density as a roller can be obtained.

  Examples of the filler include the following fillers. For example, fumed silica, wet silica, quartz fine powder, diatomaceous earth, carbon black, zinc oxide, basic magnesium carbonate, activated calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, titanium dioxide, talc, mica powder, aluminum sulfate, Calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, glass fiber, etc. The surface of these fillers may be hydrophobized by treating with an organosilicon compound such as polydiorganosiloxane. The filling amount is preferably 2% by mass or less.

  In addition to the conductive agent and filler, a crosslinking agent and other rubber additives can be appropriately added to the liquid rubber. Examples of the crosslinking agent include conventionally known sulfur, organic peroxides, hydrosilyl crosslinking agents and the like. Moreover, in order to raise the vulcanization | cure efficiency by a sulfur type vulcanizing agent and a peroxide, you may use a vulcanization accelerator together.

  The liquid material in the present invention contains at least one of the above-mentioned liquid butadiene rubber, liquid isoprene rubber, liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, and liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber. Further, at least the following carbon black A and carbon black B are contained as inorganic fillers in the following ratio C.

(Carbon black A) Carbon black having an average primary particle size of 10 nm to 40 nm (Carbon black B) Carbon black having an average primary particle size of 80 nm to 150 nm (C) When carbon black A is 100 parts by mass, carbon black B is 100 to 500 parts by mass, and carbon black A + carbon black B is 90% by mass or more of the total inorganic filler.

  Carbon black A has an average primary particle size of 10 nm to 40 nm. Since the average primary particle size is as small as 10 to 40 nm, it mainly contributes to imparting conductivity to the elastic layer. If the average primary particle size is less than 10 nm, the cohesive force between the carbon blacks is too strong, so that the carbon black is not uniformly dispersed in the polymer. On the other hand, if the average primary particle size exceeds 40 nm, the conductivity is inferior, and it is insufficient for providing the conductivity as a roller. Furthermore, since carbon black A has a large specific surface area, the reinforcing property to the polymer is strong.

  Carbon black B has an average primary particle size of 80 nm to 150 nm. Carbon black B has a larger average primary particle size than carbon black A, and its reinforcing property to the polymer is weak. Further, the conductivity is poorer than that of carbon black A, and it does not contribute much to the conductivity of the elastic layer. When the average primary particle size of the carbon black B is smaller than 80 nm, the polymer has a strong reinforcing property, and when mixed with the carbon black A, the role of adjusting the moldability of the roller cannot be sufficiently achieved. Moreover, when the average primary particle size of the carbon black B exceeds 150 nm, the reinforcing property for the polymer is too weak. Further, the electroconductivity is poor, and even if it is mixed with carbon black A, the mechanical characteristics preferable as a roller cannot be obtained.

  Carbon black A and carbon black B are mixed in the above ratio C. When the carbon black A is 100 parts by mass, if the carbon black B is less than 100 parts by mass, the polymer has too strong reinforcing properties and the formability of the roller is lowered. On the other hand, when the carbon black A is 100 parts by mass, if the carbon black B is 500 parts by mass or more, the reinforcing property to the polymer is insufficient, and the yield stress necessary to maintain the shape cannot be provided.

  Carbon black A + carbon black B is 90 mass% or more of the total inorganic filler. If the carbon black A + carbon black B is less than 90% by mass of the total inorganic filler, it becomes difficult to achieve both moldability and conductivity.

(Molecular weight of liquid rubber)
When liquid butadiene rubber is used as the liquid rubber, its mass average molecular weight is preferably 7000 to 30000. If the mass average molecular weight is 7000 or more, the yield stress can be made 20 Pa or more even if an inorganic filler is mixed. Moreover, if a mass mean molecular weight is 30000 or less, the yield stress when an inorganic filler is mixed can be 600 Pa or less. Similarly, the following mass average molecular weight ranges are preferable for each liquid rubber listed below.

  The mass average molecular weight of the liquid isoprene rubber is preferably 6000 to 100,000.

  The liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber preferably has a mass average molecular weight of 5,000 to 20,000.

  The mass average molecular weight of the liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber is preferably 8000 to 80,000.

(Curing method)
The layer of the liquid material applied to the outer periphery of the shaft core body is cured by heat treatment with infrared heating to obtain an elastic roller. The surface of the layer of liquid material has adhesiveness. For this reason, infrared heating is preferred as a heat treatment method, which is non-contact, simple in apparatus, and capable of uniformly heat-treating the liquid material layer on the outer periphery of the shaft core in the longitudinal direction. At this time, heat treatment is uniformly performed in the circumferential direction by fixing the infrared heating device and rotating an axial core body provided with a cylindrical (roll-shaped) uncured material layer made of a liquid material in the circumferential direction. The heat treatment temperature on the coating liquid surface is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower at which the curing reaction of liquid butadiene rubber, liquid isoprene rubber, liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, or liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber starts.

  Here, for the purpose of stabilizing physical properties of the elastic layer obtained by curing the liquid material layer, removing reaction residues and unreacted low molecular components in the elastic layer, the elastic layer after infrared heating is further subjected to heat treatment. Secondary curing may be performed. Thereafter, both ends of the elastic layer are cut so that the elastic layer has a required length. It is also preferable to remove in advance the starting end and the terminal end when forming the liquid material on the shaft core, which is likely to cause an abnormality when forming the elastic layer.

(Surface layer)
A surface layer may be further provided on the outer peripheral side of the elastic layer formed as described above from the viewpoints of wear resistance, developer triboelectric chargeability and releasability. Examples of the material for forming the surface layer include various polyamides, fluororesins, hydrogenated styrene-butylene resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, polyester resins, phenol resins, imide resins, and olefin resins. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Various additives are added to these materials as necessary.

  These materials constituting the surface layer are dispersed using a conventionally known dispersion apparatus using beads such as a sand mill, a paint shaker, a dyno mill, and a ball mill. The obtained dispersion for forming the surface layer is applied to the surface of the elastic layer by a spray coating method or a dipping method. The thickness of the surface layer is preferably 5 to 50 μm. 5 μm or more is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing the low molecular weight component from seeping out and contaminating the photosensitive drum, and 50 μm or less is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing the roller from becoming hard and causing fusion. More preferably, it is 10-30 micrometers.

  The elastic roller of the present invention is manufactured by the manufacturing method described above. The elastic roller manufactured by this manufacturing method is excellent in formability, low deflection, and low cost.

  The elastic roller of the present invention can be used as a developing roller. An example of a general process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus equipped with the developing roller of the present invention is shown as a schematic diagram in FIG. This will be described below with reference to FIG.

  This image forming apparatus includes four image forming units 10a to 10d for forming yellow, cyan, magenta, and black developer images, respectively, and is provided in a tandem manner. Although the specifications of the photoconductor 11, the charging device 12, the image exposure device 13, the developing device 14, the cleaning device 15, and the image transfer device 16 are slightly different depending on the characteristics of each color developer, these four in the basic configuration. The image forming units 10a to 10d are the same. Further, the photoconductor 11, the charging device 12, the developing device 14, and the cleaning device 15 are integrated to form a detachable process cartridge. The process cartridge according to the present invention includes a developing cartridge type including the developing device 14.

  The developing device 14 includes a developing container 6 that contains the one-component developer 5 and a developing roller 1 that is located in an opening extending in the longitudinal direction in the developing container 6 and that is opposed to the photosensitive drum 11. The electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 11 is developed and visualized. Further, a one-component developer 5 is supplied to the developing roller 1 and a developer supplying roller 7 that scrapes off the one-component developer 5 that is not used for development and is carried on the developing roller 1. A developing blade 8 that regulates the amount of the agent 5 and frictionally charges is provided.

  The surface of the photosensitive drum 11 is uniformly charged to a predetermined polarity and potential by the charging device 12, and image information is irradiated as a beam from the image exposure device 13 to the surface of the charged photosensitive drum 11, and an electrostatic latent image is formed. It is formed. Next, the one-component developer 5 is supplied onto the formed electrostatic latent image from the developing device 14 using the elastic roller of the present invention as the developing roller 1, and a developer image is formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11. As the photosensitive drum 11 rotates, the developer image is transferred to a transfer material 25 such as paper that is supplied in synchronization with the rotation when the developer image comes to a place facing the image transfer device 16.

  In FIG. 9, four image forming units 10 a to 10 d are formed in a linked manner so that predetermined color images are superimposed on one transfer material 25. Therefore, the transfer material 25 is synchronized with the image formation of each image forming unit, that is, the image formation is synchronized with the insertion of the transfer material 25. Therefore, the transfer roller 17 for transporting the transfer material 25 is sandwiched between the photosensitive drum 11 and the image transfer device 16 so that the drive roller 18, the tension roller 19, and the driven roller 20 of the transfer roller belt 17 are sandwiched between them. It is laid around. The transfer material 25 is conveyed to the transfer conveyance belt 17 in a form that is electrostatically adsorbed by the action of the adsorption roller 21. Reference numeral 22 denotes a supply roller for supplying the transfer material 25.

  The transfer material 25 on which the image has been formed is peeled off from the transfer conveyance belt 17 by the action of the peeling device 23 and sent to the fixing device 24. The developer image is fixed on the transfer material 25, and the printing is completed. On the other hand, the photosensitive drum 11 after the transfer of the developer image to the transfer material 25 is further rotated, the surface is cleaned by the cleaning device 15, and is neutralized by a neutralization device (not shown) if necessary. Thereafter, the photosensitive drum 11 is used for the next image formation. In FIG. 9, reference numerals 26 and 27 denote bias power sources for the image transfer device 16 and the suction roller 21, respectively.

  Here, the apparatus for transferring the developer images of the respective colors directly onto the tandem type transfer material has been described. However, any apparatus that uses the elastic roller of the present invention as the developing roller may be used. Specifically, the following devices are included.

-Monochrome monochrome image forming device;
An image forming apparatus that forms a color image by temporarily superimposing developer images of respective colors on a transfer roller or a transfer belt, and collectively transferring the image to a transfer member;
An image forming apparatus in which development units for each color are arranged on a rotor or arranged in parallel with a photosensitive drum.

  Further, instead of the process cartridge, a photosensitive drum, a charging device, a developing device, and the like may be directly incorporated in the image forming apparatus.

  The elastic roller of the present invention can be used not only as the developing roller described above, but also for applications such as a charging roller or a transfer roller that require electrical conductivity because the uniformity of the elastic layer is good. .

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, these do not limit this invention at all.

(Measurement of volume resistivity of elastic layer)
In measuring the volume resistivity of the elastic layer, the elastic roller is left to stand for 24 hours in an environment of room temperature 23 ° C. and humidity 50% in advance. The volume resistance of the elastic layer is measured as shown in FIG. 6 under the same environment. The measurement is performed while rotating the elastic roller by placing the elastic roller on the SUS drum 201 and rotating the SUS drum 201 at 24 rpm in a state where a load of 500 g is applied to the exposed portion of the shaft core of the elastic roller. A voltage V1 of 50 V is applied to the elastic roller, and the voltage V2 at that time is measured by a multimeter 202 arranged in parallel with the resistor R2. The volume resistance R1 [Ω] of the elastic layer was calculated from the applied voltage V1, the measurement voltage V2, and the resistance R2 by the following formula.

  R1 [Ω] = {(V1 / V2) −1} × R2

  Next, the elastic layer thickness t [cm] was measured based on the elastic layer thickness measurement method described in the following section (Measurement of Elastic Layer Thickness). Then, from the volume resistivity R1 [Ω] of the elastic layer and the thickness t [cm] of the elastic layer obtained by the above formula, the value obtained by calculation according to the following formula is the volume resistivity [Ω · cm] of the elastic layer. It was.

  Volume resistivity of elastic layer [Ω · cm] = R1 [Ω] / t [cm]

(Measurement of elastic layer thickness)
A sample that can be observed in a cross section is prepared by putting a sharp blade perpendicular to the side of the roller into the elastic layer to reach the axial center. As shown in FIG. 7, sharp blades were put into three locations that divide the rubber portion in the longitudinal direction of the roller into four, and three cross-section observation materials were cut out. Next, the thickness of these three elastic layers was measured using a video micro (product name: “VHX100”, manufactured by Keyence Corporation), and the arithmetic average value of the three data was used as the thickness of the elastic layer. .

(Runout: Measurement of uneven thickness of elastic layer)
As shown in FIG. 8, the shake causes the shaft core support member 204 mounted vertically on the reference surface plate 203 to grip the exposed portion of the shaft core 101 of the elastic roller. A non-contact position detector (product name: “LS-5000”), which shows a change in the distance between the elastic roller and the surface plate 203 when the elastic roller is rotated at 8 rpm with the gripping portion as a fulcrum, is arranged perpendicular to the shaft core 101. ", Manufactured by Keyence Corporation). The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance between the elastic roller and the surface plate 203 is obtained as a value. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance between the elastic roller and the surface plate 203 is obtained at a pitch of 1 cm in the axial direction of the elastic layer 103, and the maximum value among the difference values is the value of the deflection of the elastic layer 103. To do. In addition, the shake was evaluated as follows.

A: When elastic layer deflection is 25 μm or less B: When exceeding 25 μm and 30 μm or less C: When exceeding 30 μm and 40 μm or less D: When exceeding 40 μm

(Measurement of yield stress of liquid materials)
The yield stress measurement method for liquid rubber materials using a viscoelasticity measuring device is described below.

  As a viscoelasticity measuring apparatus, “Rheo Stress 600” (product name) manufactured by Haake was used, and the measurement was performed in an environment of room temperature 23 ° C. and humidity 50%.

  About 1 g of a mixture of mixture A and mixture B, which will be described later, was sampled and placed on the sample stage, the cone plate was gradually brought closer, and a measurement gap was set at a position of about 50 μm from the sample stage (cone plate: φ35 mm, tilt angle 1 °). At that time, the material pushed around was removed cleanly so that the measurement was not affected.

  The temperature of the plate base was set so that the material temperature would be 25 ° C., and the measurement was started after leaving the sample for 10 minutes.

  The stress applied to the sample is varied over 180 seconds starting from 0 Pa to 50000 Pa (frequency is 1 Hz), and changes in storage elastic modulus G ′, loss elastic modulus G ″, and phase difference tan δ at that time are 32. The point was measured. G ′ initially had a constant value in the linear viscoelastic region, and thereafter, the stress value at the point where G ′ and G ″ intersected was read and used as the yield stress.

  (Mass average molecular weight measurement method)

  The measuring method of the mass average molecular weight by GPC is described below.

  The mass average molecular weight (Mw) of the chromatogram by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is measured under the following conditions. The column was stabilized in a heat chamber at 40 ° C., and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent was passed through the column at this temperature at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. Measurement is performed by injecting 50 to 200 μl of a THF sample solution. In measuring the molecular weight of a sample, the molecular weight distribution of the sample is calculated from the relationship between the logarithmic value of a calibration curve prepared from several types of monodisperse polystyrene standard samples and the number of counts (retention time).

Examples of standard polystyrene samples for preparing a calibration curve include those manufactured by Tosoh Corporation or Pressure Chemical Co. Standard polystyrene samples made from The molecular weight is 6 × 10 ² , 2.1 × 10 ³ , 4 × 10 ³ , 1.75 × 10 ⁴ , 5.1 × 10 ⁴ , 1.1 × 10 ⁵ , 3.9 × 10 ⁵ , 8.6 It is suitable to use at least about 10 points of × 10 ⁵ , 2 × 10 ⁶ , 4.48 × 10 ⁶ .

  An RI (refractive index) detector is used as the detector.

  As the column, it is preferable to combine a plurality of commercially available polystyrene gel columns. For example, a combination of “shodex GPC KF-801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807” (trade name) manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd. (Commodity name).

(Measurement method of carbon black average primary particle size)
The average primary particle size of carbon black was measured using an ultra-high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope “S-4800” (product name) manufactured by Hitachi High-Technology Corporation. Each carbon black was dispersed in a toluene solvent, and a few drops of the solution were dropped on a microgrid with a supporting film, and waited for the toluene to volatilize. Next, the microgrid was set on a sample stage and placed in “S-4800” (product name). After vacuuming to high vacuum, carbon black was observed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) mode under the conditions of an electron beam acceleration voltage of 30 V, an emission current of 1 μA, and a magnification of 50000 times. The primary particle size was measured by 30 for each type of carbon black, and the arithmetic average was taken as the average primary particle size.

  About the liquid rubber used for the present Example and the comparative example, it synthesize | combined with the following method.

(Liquid butadiene rubber (liquid BR))
Purified and dehydrated butadiene was dissolved in an organic solvent, and a titanium-based catalyst was added as a polymerization catalyst for addition polymerization. Thereafter, a polymerization terminator was added, and the unreacted monomer and solvent were recovered by a method such as heating, reduced pressure, or steam distillation. In addition, liquid BR of each molecular weight was obtained by adjusting the concentration of butadiene, the polymerization temperature, and the polymerization time.

(Liquid isoprene rubber (liquid IR))
The purified and dehydrated isoprene was dissolved in an organic solvent and subjected to addition polymerization with a lithium catalyst. Thereafter, a polymerization terminator was added, and unreacted monomer and solvent were recovered by a method such as heating, reduced pressure, or steam distillation. In addition, liquid IR with each molecular weight was obtained by adjusting the charged concentration of isoprene, the polymerization temperature, and the polymerization time.

(Liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (liquid NBR))
It was synthesized based on a conventional method using butadiene and acrylonitrile. After mixing butadiene and acrylonitrile, deionized water and emulsifier were added. Next, emulsion polymerization was carried out by adding a polymerization initiator and a polymerization preparation agent. As the polymerization initiator, a redox catalyst combining an organic peroxide and a reducing agent was used, and mercaptan was used as the polymerization preparation agent. Thereafter, hydroquinone was added as a polymerization terminator to stop the polymerization reaction, and unreacted monomers were removed and recovered by methods such as heating, reduced pressure, and steam distillation. In addition, liquid NBR was obtained by adjusting the monomer concentration, polymerization temperature, and polymerization time.

(Liquid ethylene propylene diene copolymer rubber (liquid EPDM))
It was synthesized based on a conventional method using ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene. Ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene were mixed and dissolved in a solvent, and a homogeneous vanadium catalyst was added for polymerization. Next, after the catalyst was removed, unreacted monomers were removed and recovered by a method such as heating, reduced pressure, or steam distillation. In addition, liquid EPDM of each molecular weight was obtained by adjusting the monomer concentration, polymerization temperature, and polymerization time.

[Example 1]
(Preparation of liquid material)
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.00 mass%.

  The above material was mixed and degassed for 30 minutes using a planetary mixer to obtain a liquid butadiene rubber base material. This was designated as Mixture A. Furthermore, when the mixture A was 100% by mass, 1.0% by mass of sulfur as a vulcanizing agent and 0.8% by mass of a vulcanization accelerator were added and mixed to obtain a mixture B. The mixture A and the mixture B are respectively set in the raw material tank 1 and the raw material tank 2, and sent to a static mixer using a pressure pump, and the mixture A and the mixture B are mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 1 to form an elastic layer. A liquid material was prepared. The yield stress of this liquid material was 150 Pa.

(Preparation for creating elastic rollers)
A vertical ring coater having an annular coating head 38 of the form shown in FIG. 1 was used. In manufacturing the elastic roller, first, the position coordinates of the center of the annular coating head 40 were measured with reference to the position coordinates of the holding shaft 40 on the shaft core body. Hereinafter, in the measurement of all position coordinates, the origin of the coordinates is assumed to be the holding shaft 40 on the shaft core. First, the position coordinates (X and Y) of the holding shaft 40 on the shaft core were detected by the LED position detector 48, and the coordinates were determined as the origin. Next, the shaft core holding shaft 40 was fixed inside the annular coating head 38. Thereafter, the LED position detector 48 measures the distance between the holding shaft 40 on the shaft core and the pin 49 standing on the annular coating head 38 to calculate the position coordinates (X and Y) of the center of the annular coating head 38. did. Next, the position coordinates of the center of the annular coating head 38 were adjusted so that X1 = X2 and Y1 = Y2 in FIG. As a result, the center position coordinate of the holding shaft 40 on the shaft core and the center position coordinate of the annular coating head 38 can be matched in the horizontal direction.

  Next, the tilt correction of the shaft core lower holding shaft 39 with respect to the shaft core upper holding shaft 40 was performed.

  The center position coordinate of the shaft core lower holding shaft 39 is measured by the LED position detector 48, and the center position of the shaft core lower holding shaft 39 is aligned with the center position coordinate of the shaft core upper holding shaft 40 in the horizontal direction. The coordinates were adjusted. Thereby, the tilt correction of the shaft core upper holding shaft 40 and the shaft core lower holding shaft 39 can be performed.

(Create elastic roller)
The upper end of the shaft core lower holding shaft 39 was positioned above the annular coating head 38 through the annular coating head 38. In this state, the iron shaft core body 101 having a length of 280.0 mm and an outer diameter of φ6.0 mm set on the shaft core lower holding shaft 39 is lowered in the vertical direction by lowering the shaft core upper holding shaft 40. Grasped. Thereafter, when the shaft core body 101 gripped by the LM guide 34 is lowered, the LED position detector 48 causes the position coordinates (X of the two positions at a distance of 14.0 mm and 266.0 mm from the end of the shaft core body 101 to be set. And Y) were detected. Next, the position coordinates of the shaft core lower holding shaft 39 were adjusted so that the position coordinates of these two locations coincide in the horizontal direction. As a result, the tilt of the shaft core body 101 can be corrected.

  Thereafter, the shaft core body 101 was moved by raising the shaft core body holding shaft in the vertical direction at a speed of 60 mm / s. At that time, the annular coating head 38 was simultaneously moved in the horizontal direction by the previously determined running error of the coating apparatus (FIG. 5D). While correcting the position of the annular coating head 38, the liquid material is discharged at 5.04 ml / sec from an annular slit opened inside the annular coating head 38, and the liquid material is formed on the outer periphery of the shaft core body 101. A liquid material layer was formed in a cylindrical shape (roll shape). The shaft core body 101 was removed from the ring coater, and a roller having an uncured molded product layer (hereinafter, uncured roller) was created.

  This uncured roller is rotated at 60 rpm around the shaft core 101, and infrared light (output: 1000W) is applied to the surface of the uncured molded product layer using an infrared heating lamp “HYL25” (product name) manufactured by Hybek Co., Ltd. Was cured by irradiation for 4 minutes. The distance between the surface of the uncured molded product layer and the lamp during infrared irradiation was 60 mm, and the temperature of the surface of the uncured molded product layer was 170 ° C. Thereafter, secondary curing was performed at 170 ° C. for 1 hour in an electric furnace. This is to stabilize the physical properties of the elastic layer of the cured rubber and to remove reaction residues and unreacted low molecular components in the elastic layer of rubber. An elastic roller having an outer diameter of 12.0 mm, a layer thickness of 3.0 mm, and a length of the elastic layer in the longitudinal direction of 240.0 mm was obtained on the outer periphery of the shaft core 101.

  In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the result of the deflection of the elastic roller. The formability of the elastic roller with the largest runout was 25 μm. Thus, an elastic roller with good moldability and runout accuracy could be manufactured.

(Production roller development)
Polyurethane polyol prepolymer “Takelac TE5060” (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Takeda Chemical Co., Ltd.) 100 parts by mass Isocyanate “Coronate 2521” (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Co., Ltd.) 77 parts by mass Carbon black “MA100” (trade name, Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.) 24 parts by mass.

  MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) was added to the above compound and dispersed with a sand mill for 1 hour. After dispersion, MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) was further added so that the film thickness after coating and drying was 20 μm in the range of 20% by mass to 30% by mass to obtain a coating material for the surface layer.

  One of the prepared elastic rollers with the largest vibration was immersed in this paint, applied to the surface layer, and then naturally dried. Next, a heat treatment was performed at 140 ° C. for 60 minutes to cure the paint film and obtain a developing roller 1 having a surface layer formed thereon.

(Image evaluation)
The created developing roller 1 was left to stand for 24 hours in an environment of a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 50%, and then subjected to aging. Next, as a developing roller in an electrophotographic process cartridge (nominal life: 6000 sheets, A4 size, 5% printing rate, print cartridge: cyan) of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus (trade name: HP Color LaserJet 3800; manufactured by HP) Incorporated.

  Next, the electrophotographic process cartridge was incorporated in the image forming apparatus, and a durability test was performed in a continuous mode (21 sheets per minute output) under an environment of a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 50%. When the paper was passed, 3000 character images with a printing rate of 2% were continuously output. After that, a solid image, a halftone image with an image density of 0.6 (measured using a Macbeth reflection densitometer “RD918” (product name)), and a character image are output one by one, and density unevenness (roller pitch) is visually observed. And evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 3.

A: Good in all images B: Some density unevenness is confirmed in halftone image, but no problem in practical use C: Some density unevenness is confirmed in solid image and halftone image, but no problem in practical use D : Remarkable density unevenness is confirmed in the solid image and the halftone image. Or, a noticeable fog (a phenomenon in which toner is scattered on the non-printing portion) is confirmed in the character image.

[Example 2]
Liquid isoprene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 30000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 150 Pa.

  Moreover, the elastic roller was manufactured similarly to Example 1 using the said liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The elastic roller with good moldability and the largest deflection was 23 μm. Further, a developing roller 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 2 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 3]
Liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 13000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 150 Pa.

  Moreover, the elastic roller was manufactured similarly to Example 1 using the said liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The elastic roller with good moldability and the largest deflection was 24 μm. Further, a developing roller 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 3 was incorporated in an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 4]
Liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 40000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 150 Pa.

  Moreover, the elastic roller was manufactured similarly to Example 1 using the said liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The elastic roller with good moldability and the largest deflection was 23 μm. Further, a developing roller 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 4 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 5]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 150 Pa.

  The liquid material was discharged at 0.60 ml / sec from an annular slit opened inside the annular coating head, and the coated liquid material was cured in the same manner as in Example 1. Then, an elastic roller having a butadiene layer with a layer thickness of 0.5 mm on the outer periphery of the shaft core was obtained. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The formability of the elastic roller with the largest runout was 25 m. Further, a developing roller 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 5 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 6]
Liquid isoprene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 30000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 150 Pa.

From the annular slit opened inside the annular coating head, the liquid material is discharged at 13.44 ml / sec, and the discharged coated liquid material is cured in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the outer periphery of the shaft core body is cured. An elastic roller having an isoprene layer with a layer thickness of 6.0 mm was obtained. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The formability of the elastic roller with the largest runout was 27 μm.
Further, a developing roller 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 6 was incorporated in an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 7]
Liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 13000) 95% by mass
Carbon black (d) (trade name: “Raven860U”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Ltd.) 2.25% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 2.25% by mass
Silica (trade name: “AEROSIL 380”, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) 0.50% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 20 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 28 m. Further, a developing roller 7 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 7 was incorporated in an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 8]
Liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 40000) 80% by mass
Carbon black (c) (trade name: “Raven3600U”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 10.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 10.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 600 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 29 μm. Next, the same surface layer as that of Example 1 was applied to the elastic roller to obtain the charging roller 8. The prepared charging roller 8 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a charging roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 9]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (e) (trade name: “Raven22”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 200 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The elastic roller with good moldability and the largest deflection was 23 μm. Further, a developing roller 9 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 9 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 10]
Liquid isoprene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 30000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (f) (trade name: “SEAST TA”, manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd.) 7.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 100 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 26 μm. Further, a developing roller 10 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 10 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 11]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 7500) 80% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 6.66% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 13.34% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 40 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 29 μm. Further, a developing roller 11 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 11 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and 3000 images were output continuously in the same manner as in Example 1 and image evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 12]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 30000) 90% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 600 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 28 μm. Further, a developing roller 12 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 12 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 13]
Liquid isoprene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 6000) 80% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 6.66% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 13.34% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 40 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 29 μm. Further, a developing roller 13 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 13 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 14]
Liquid isoprene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 100000) 90% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 600 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 28 μm. Further, a developing roller 14 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 14 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and 3000 images were output continuously in the same manner as in Example 1 and image evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 15]
Liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 5000) 80% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 6.66% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 13.34% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 40 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 29 μm. Further, a developing roller 15 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 15 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 16]
Liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 20000) 90% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 500 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 27 μm. Further, a developing roller 16 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 16 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 17]
Liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 8000) 80% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 6.66% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 13.34% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 40 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the vibration of the elastic roller with the largest vibration. The deflection of the elastic roller was 29 μm. Further, a developing roller 17 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 17 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 18]
Liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 80000) 90% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 600 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 28 μm. Further, a developing roller 18 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 18 was incorporated in an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and 3000 images were output continuously in the same manner as in Example 1 and image evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 19]
Liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 13000) 80% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 3.33% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 16.67% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 60 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 29 μm. Further, a developing roller 19 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 19 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 20]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 44% by mass
Liquid isoprene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 30000) 44% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 150 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The elastic roller with good moldability and the largest deflection was 24 μm. Further, a developing roller 20 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 20 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 21]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 6000) 80% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 6.66% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 13.34% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 20 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 32 μm. Further, a developing roller 21 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 21 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 22]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 32000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 2.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 10.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 30 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 34 μm. Further, a developing roller 22 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 22 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 23]
Liquid isoprene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 5000) 80% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 6.66% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 13.34% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 20 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 35 μm. Further, a developing roller 23 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 23 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 24]
Liquid isoprene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 105000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 2.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 10.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 30 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 33 μm. Further, a developing roller 24 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 24 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 25]
Liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 4000) 80% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 6.66% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 13.34% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 20 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 32 μm. Further, a developing roller 25 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 25 was incorporated in an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 26]
Liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 21000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 2.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 10.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 30 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 36 μm. Further, the developing roller 26 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 26 was incorporated in an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 27]
Liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 7000) 80% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 6.66% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 13.34% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 20 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the vibration of the elastic roller with the largest vibration. The deflection of the elastic roller was 37 μm. Further, a developing roller 27 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 27 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 28]
Liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 81000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 2.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 10.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 30 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the vibration of the elastic roller with the largest vibration. The deflection of the elastic roller was 33 μm. Further, a developing roller 28 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 28 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and 3000 images were output continuously in the same manner as in Example 1 and image evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 29]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 30000) 97% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 1.50 mass%
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 1.50% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 20 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 35 μm. Further, a developing roller 29 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 29 was incorporated in an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 30]
Liquid isoprene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 6000) 75% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 8.33% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 16.67% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 20 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 34 μm. Further, a developing roller 30 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 30 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 1]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 150 Pa.

  A butadiene rubber material was discharged at 0.18 ml / sec from an annular slit opened inside the annular coating head. The discharged butadiene rubber material was cured in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an elastic roller having a butadiene layer having a layer thickness of 0.3 mm on the outer periphery of the shaft core. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the volume resistivity, elastic roller runout, and wear resistance evaluation of this elastic roller. The deflection of the elastic roller with the largest deflection was 29 μm.

  Further, a developing roller 31 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and the developed developing roller 31 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and image output was continuously performed as in Example 1. However, when 1000 images are output, fog (a phenomenon in which toner is scattered on the non-printing portion) has occurred on the paper. When the developing roller was taken out of the electrophotographic process cartridge and the surface was observed, the toner was fused, and the image output was interrupted at that time. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 2]
Liquid isoprene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 30000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.00 mass%.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 150 Pa.

  The isoprene rubber material was discharged at 14.93 ml / sec from the annular slit opened inside the annular coating head. The elastic roller is the same as in Example 1 except that the isoprene rubber material that has been spray-coated is cured in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an elastic roller having an isoprene layer with a layer thickness of 10.0 mm on the outer periphery of the shaft core. Manufactured. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The vibration of the elastic roller having the largest vibration was 43 μm, and the vibration of the other elastic rollers was larger than that of the example. Further, a developing roller 32 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 32 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 3]
Liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 13000) 95% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 0.71% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 4.29% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 15 Pa.

An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 using the above liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The volume resistivity was as large as 10 ⁷ Ω · cm, and the conductivity of the elastic layer was insufficient. The vibration of the elastic roller having the largest vibration was 56 μm, and the vibration of the other elastic rollers was larger than that of the example. Further, a developing roller 33 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 33 was incorporated in an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 4]
Liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 80000) 80% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 13.34% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 6.66% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 700 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The vibration of the elastic roller having the largest vibration was 65 μm, and the vibration of the other elastic rollers was larger than that of the example. Further, a developing roller 34 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 34 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and 3000 images were output continuously in the same manner as in Example 1 and image evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 5]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 95% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 750 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The vibration of the elastic roller having the largest vibration was 48 μm, and the vibration of the other elastic rollers was larger than that of the example. Further, a developing roller 35 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 35 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 6]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 88% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Ltd.) 12.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 10 Pa.

An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The volume resistivity was as large as 10 ⁸ Ω · cm, and the conductivity of the elastic layer was insufficient. The vibration of the elastic roller with the largest vibration was 46 μm, and the vibration of the other elastic rollers was larger than that of the example. Further, a developing roller 36 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 36 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 7]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 85% by mass
Carbon black (h) (trade name: “Raven5000UII”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.50% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 7.50% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 650 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The vibration of the elastic roller having the largest vibration was 43 μm, and the vibration of the other elastic rollers was larger than that of the example. Further, a developing roller 37 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 37 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 8]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 90% by mass
Carbon black (g) (trade name: “Raven500”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 2.00% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 8.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 10 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The vibration of the elastic roller having the largest vibration was 50 μm, and the vibration of the other elastic rollers was larger than that of the example. Further, a developing roller 38 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 38 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 9]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 90% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00% by mass
Carbon black (g) (trade name: “Raven 500”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.00 mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 650 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The vibration of the elastic roller having the largest vibration was 42 μm, and the vibration of the other elastic rollers was larger than that of the example. Further, a developing roller 39 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The developed developing roller 39 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 10]
Liquid butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 19000) 90% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 2.00% by mass
Carbon black (i) (trade name: “Arosperse 15”, manufactured by Degussa AG) 8.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 15 Pa.

  An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The vibration of the elastic roller having the largest vibration was 52 μm, and the vibration of the other elastic rollers was larger than that of the example. Further, a developing roller 40 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 40 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and after 3000 continuous images were output in the same manner as in Example 1, the image was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Example 11]
Liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (mass average molecular weight Mw = 13000) 95% by mass
Carbon black (a) (trade name: “Raven890”, manufactured by Colombian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 0.80% by mass
Carbon black (b) (trade name: “Raven410”, manufactured by Columbian Carbon Japan Co., Ltd.) 3.20% by mass
Silica (trade name: “AEROSIL 380”, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) 1.00% by mass.

  A liquid material for forming an elastic layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above materials were used. The yield stress of this liquid material was 15 Pa.

An elastic roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the liquid material. In this manner, ten elastic rollers were similarly produced. Table 3 shows the evaluation of the volume resistivity of the elastic roller and the deflection of the elastic roller. The volume resistivity was as large as 10 ⁷ Ω · cm, and the conductivity of the elastic layer was insufficient. The vibration of the elastic roller having the largest vibration was 55 μm, and the vibration of the other elastic rollers was larger than that of the example. Further, a developing roller 41 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The created developing roller 41 was incorporated into an electrophotographic process cartridge as a developing roller, and 3000 images were output continuously in the same manner as in Example 1 and image evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.

  Table 1 summarizes the types of carbon black used in the above Examples and Comparative Examples and their average primary particle sizes, Table 2 summarizes the conditions of the above Examples and Comparative Examples, and Table 2 shows the conditions. Table 3 shows the volume resistivity of the elastic roller, the deflection of the elastic roller, and the results of image evaluation.

  * At the time when 1000 images were output, fogging occurred on the paper (a phenomenon in which toner was scattered on the non-printing area). When the developing roller was taken out of the electrophotographic process cartridge and the surface was observed, the toner was fused, and the image output was interrupted at that time.

It is sectional drawing showing the outline of the ring coat machine of this embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the optical position detector used for this invention. It is a figure showing the ring coating head of this embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of an example of how to obtain | require the cyclic | annular coating head position coordinate with respect to the reference | standard of this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the elastic roller which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the elastic roller which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the elastic roller which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the elastic roller which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the elastic roller which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the elastic roller which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the elastic roller which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the volume resistance measuring apparatus of the elastic layer in this invention. It is a figure explaining the measurement position of the elastic layer in this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the shake measuring apparatus used for the shake measurement of this invention. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an outline of an image forming apparatus of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Developing roller 2 Conductive shaft core 3 Elastic layer 4 Conductive resin layer 5 Nonmagnetic one-component toner 6 Developing container 7 Toner supply roller 8 Developing blade 10a-d Image forming unit 11 Photosensitive drum 12 Charging device (charging roller)
13 Image exposure device (writing beam)
14 Developing Device 15 Cleaning Device 16 Image Transfer Device (Transfer Roller)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 17 Transfer conveyance belt 18 Drive roller 19 Tension roller 20 Driven roller 21 Adsorption roller 22 Supply roller 23 Separating device 24 Fixing device 25 Transfer material 26 Bias power supply (for image transfer device (transfer roller) 16)
27 Bias power supply (for suction roller 21)
31 stand 32 column 33 ball screw 34 LM guide 35 servo motor 36 pulley 37 bracket 38 coating head 39 shaft core lower holding shaft 40 shaft core upper holding shaft 41 supply port 42 piping 43 material supply valve 44 linear guide 45 annular coating Head fixing table 46 Annular coating head position correction XY stage 47 Axis core position correction XY stage 48-1 X direction position detector 48-2 Y direction position detector 49 Pin 50 Master shaft core 51 Annular slit 52 Upper part 53 Lower part 54 Material inlet 55 Material inlet 56 Material outlet 101 Shaft core 102 Cylindrical (roll-shaped) layer made of liquid material 201 SUS drum 202 Multimeter 203 Surface plate 204 Shaft core support member

Claims (7)

Forming a liquid material layer by discharging and applying a liquid material in which at least a liquid rubber and an inorganic filler are mixed on the outer periphery of the shaft core using a ring-shaped coating head; and heating and curing the liquid material layer to form the shaft A method of manufacturing an elastic roller having a step of forming an elastic layer on a core body,
The liquid rubber is at least one of liquid butadiene rubber, liquid isoprene rubber, liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, and liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber,
And the thickness of this elastic layer is 0.5 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less,
And this inorganic filler contains at least the following carbon black A and carbon black B in the ratio of the following C,
And the yield stress of this liquid material is 20 Pa or more and 600 Pa or less, The manufacturing method of the elastic roller characterized by the above-mentioned.
(Carbon black A) Carbon black having an average primary particle size of 10 nm to 40 nm (Carbon black B) Carbon black having an average primary particle size of 80 nm to 150 nm (C) When carbon black A is 100 parts by mass, carbon black B is 100 to 500 parts by mass, and carbon black A + carbon black B is 90% by mass or more of the total inorganic filler.   The method for producing an elastic roller according to claim 1, wherein the liquid rubber is a liquid butadiene rubber having a mass average molecular weight of 7000 to 30,000.   The method for producing an elastic roller according to claim 1, wherein the liquid rubber is a liquid isoprene rubber having a mass average molecular weight of 6000 to 100,000.   2. The method for producing an elastic roller according to claim 1, wherein the liquid rubber is a liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a mass average molecular weight of 5000 to 20000.   The method for producing an elastic roller according to claim 1, wherein the liquid rubber is a liquid ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber having a mass average molecular weight of 8000 to 80,000. 6. The elastic roller manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the elastic layer has a volume resistivity of 1.0 × 10 ³ Ω · cm to 5.0 × 10 ⁶ Ω · cm. .   The method for producing an elastic roller according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the inorganic filler is contained in the liquid material in an amount of 5% by mass to 20% by mass.

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