JP2009092355A - Emulsified fuel combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an emulsified fuel combustion apparatus with a novel structure capable of improving combustion efficiency of emulsified fuel. <P>SOLUTION: A combustion chamber 16 is partitioned by a partition member 30 having fire resistance in a jetting direction of the emulsified fuel by an injection nozzle 24. Two combustion spaces 36, 38 formed on both sides of the partition member 30 in the combustion chamber 16 are communicated with each other through a communication hole 32 piercing the partition member 30. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an emulsion fuel combustion apparatus for burning emulsion fuel.

  Conventionally, petroleum-based fluid fuels such as kerosene, light oil, and heavy oil have been adopted as fuels for diesel engines, boilers, incinerators, etc. for private power generation, agricultural machinery, and ships. However, when burning petroleum fluid fuels, there is a problem that dust, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, etc. are discharged into the atmosphere and the atmosphere is polluted.

  Therefore, in recent years, the generation amount of soot and nitrogen oxides is smaller than when only petroleum fluid fuel is burned. Therefore, emulsion fuel, which is a mixture of petroleum fluid fuel, water and surfactant, Employment is being made instead of system fluid fuel.

  Further, due to the recent rise in crude oil prices, it has been studied to reduce the ratio of petroleum fluid fuel in emulsion fuel, in other words, to increase the ratio of water to petroleum fluid fuel in emulsion fuel. However, when the ratio of water to the petroleum fluid fuel is increased in the emulsion fuel, there is a problem that the combustion stability of the emulsion fuel is lowered and the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel is lowered.

  Therefore, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-113887) proposes a burner including a nozzle for oil such as kerosene or heavy oil in addition to the nozzle for emulsion fuel. However, merely providing an oil nozzle in addition to the emulsion fuel nozzle only stabilizes the ignition of the emulsion fuel, and it is difficult to improve the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel.

  Patent Document 2 describes burning an emulsion fuel to which micropowder obtained by carbonizing an organic waste and finely pulverizing it to a particle size of 30 μm or less is added. However, in order to manufacture the emulsion fuel described in Patent Document 2, it is necessary to separately manufacture the micro powder as described above, and there is a problem that the work is troublesome.

JP 2007-113887 A JP 2007-119506 A

  Here, the present invention has been made in the background as described above, and the problem to be solved is an emulsion fuel combustion apparatus having a novel structure capable of enhancing the combustion efficiency of emulsion fuel. It is to provide.

  Hereinafter, the aspect of this invention made | formed in order to solve such a subject is described. In addition, the component employ | adopted in each aspect as described below is employable by arbitrary combinations as much as possible.

  The present invention, in an emulsion fuel combustion apparatus for burning the emulsion fuel injected from the injection nozzle in the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is partitioned in the injection direction of the emulsion fuel by the injection nozzle by a partition member having fire resistance, In the combustion chamber, two combustion spaces formed on both sides of the partition member are communicated with each other through a communication hole penetrating the partition member.

  In such an emulsion fuel combustion apparatus having a structure according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel. The reasons (1) and (2) shown below can be considered.

  (1) Since the partition member is arranged in front of the injection direction of the injection nozzle, the heat generated due to the combustion of the emulsion fuel is more easily generated in the combustion space on the injection nozzle side than the partition member. It is considered that this is because the injection nozzle is heated and the emulsion fuel is injected in a heated state, that is, in a state where the viscosity is lowered. That is, in a state where the viscosity is lowered, the fuel oil contained in the emulsion fuel can be atomized and sprayed. Further, the fuel oil is further atomized by scattering the surrounding fuel oil by the micro explosion of water contained in the emulsion fuel sprayed in the combustion chamber that has become high temperature. Thereby, the contact area of fuel oil and air becomes large. As a result, it is considered that local incomplete combustion can be suppressed and the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel can be increased.

  (2) The emulsion fuel fuel oil dispersed by micro-explosion of the water contained in the emulsion fuel collides with a partition member disposed in front of the injection direction of the injection nozzle, thereby making the particles finer. It is thought that this is caused by That is, the fuel oil is atomized to increase the contact area with the air. Thereby, local incomplete combustion can be suppressed. As a result, it is considered possible to improve the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel.

  In the present invention, the emulsion fuel refers to a fuel emulsified by mixing fuel oil, water and, if necessary, a surfactant, and may be an oil-in-water type or a water-in-oil droplet. It may be a mold.

  In this context, fuel oil is suitable for combustion, in addition to petroleum-based fluid fuels that can be obtained by refining petroleum such as kerosene, light oil, gasoline, and heavy oil, as well as animal and vegetable oils and mineral oils, as well as these waste oils. All oils. Further, as the fuel oil, only one of these may be used, or two or more may be mixed and used. In addition, it is desirable that there is only one type of fuel oil, which makes it easier to store and manage the fuel oil than when multiple types of fuel oil are used.

  As the surfactant, any of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a zwitterionic (amphoteric) surfactant, and a nonionic (nonionic) surfactant can be used. An appropriate surfactant is employed depending on whether it is an oil-in-water type or a water-in-oil type. In that case, only one type of surfactant may be used, or a plurality of types may be used in combination.

  In addition to tap water and industrial water, well water, river water, lake water, sea water, waste water, and the like can be used as water. At that time, only one type of water may be employed, or a plurality of types of water may be mixed and employed. If the fuel oil contains sulfur, calcium ions and magnesium ions should be added to the water so that calcium ions and magnesium ions can react chemically with sulfur and fix sulfur in the form of harmless sulfuric compounds. Therefore, generation of harmful sulfurous acid gas can be suppressed.

  In the present invention, in addition to the injection nozzle, it is desirable that an oil nozzle for injecting petroleum-based fluid fuel into the combustion chamber is arranged in parallel with the injection nozzle in the same injection direction as the injection nozzle. In this case, only the petroleum fluid fuel can be burned apart from the emulsion fuel. As a result, it is possible to ignite the emulsion fuel using the flame generated with the combustion of the petroleum fluid fuel. As a result, the emulsion fuel is easily ignited.

  The petroleum fluid fuel is obtained by refining petroleum, and is kerosene, light oil, gasoline, heavy oil, or the like. When the emulsion fuel is ignited and combustion of the emulsion fuel becomes stable, the combustion of the petroleum fluid fuel may be terminated. Further, it is possible to increase the thermal power by simultaneously performing the combustion of the emulsion fuel and the combustion of the petroleum fluid fuel. Furthermore, the injection direction of the oil nozzle and the injection direction of the injection nozzle do not have to be exactly the same, and one of them is slightly inclined with respect to the other, or the arrangement position is different in the front and rear in the injection direction. May be.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, it is desirable that the partition member is made of ceramics. In this case, it is possible to impart heat storage properties to the partition member. As a result, heat is more easily generated in the combustion space on the injection nozzle side than the partition member. As a result, it becomes easy to warm the injection nozzle, and it becomes easy to atomize the fuel oil contained in the emulsion fuel and to improve the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, a stepped portion is formed in the middle portion in the central axis direction on the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber to form a stepped cylindrical body, and one side in the axial direction of the stepped portion is a small diameter throttle portion. The other side in the axial direction of the stepped portion is an open portion with a large diameter, while the injection nozzle is positioned in the throttle portion and the partition member is positioned in the open portion. desirable. As a result, the volume of the combustion space on the injection nozzle side relative to the partition member can be reduced. As a result, it becomes easy to warm the injection nozzle, and it becomes easy to atomize the fuel oil contained in the emulsion fuel and to improve the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel.

  Therefore, when the configuration as described above is adopted, it is desirable that the outer diameter dimension in the direction orthogonal to the central axis of the partition member is larger than the inner diameter dimension of the throttle portion. Thereby, in the projection of the partition member in the axial direction, the opening on the outlet side of the nozzle surrounding portion is covered with the partition member, and heat is more easily generated in the combustion space on the injection nozzle side than the partition member. As a result, it becomes easy to warm the injection nozzle, and it becomes easy to atomize the fuel oil contained in the emulsion fuel and to improve the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel.

  Further, in the present invention, it is desirable that the thickness dimension of the partition member is constant. Thereby, since the thickness dimension of the partition member is partially different, it is possible to advantageously avoid problems such as the presence of a portion where heat easily escapes. Therefore, the range of the thickness dimension of the partition member is desirably 15 to 100 mm. If the lid is covered and the thickness of the partition member is smaller than 15 mm, the heat generated in the combustion space on the injection nozzle side of the partition member is likely to escape to the other combustion space through the partition member. is there. On the other hand, when the thickness dimension of the partition member is larger than 100 mm, it is difficult to avoid the weight of the partition member.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, it is desirable that the separation distance between the partition member and the injection nozzle in the facing direction is 300 to 450 mm. When the distance between the partition member and the injection port of the injection nozzle is shorter than 300 mm, the fuel oil contained in the emulsion fuel injected from the injection nozzle is used before the micro explosion of the water contained in the emulsion fuel. In addition, it may collide with the partition member, and the effect of promoting the refinement of the fuel oil contained in the emulsion fuel by the partition member may be insufficient. On the other hand, when the separation distance between the partition member and the injection port of the injection nozzle is longer than 450 mm, the fuel oil of the emulsion fuel scattered by the micro explosion of water contained in the emulsion fuel does not easily collide with the partition member. This is because the effect of promoting the refinement of the fuel oil contained in the emulsion fuel by the partition member may not be sufficiently exhibited.

  In the present invention, it is desirable that a plurality of communication holes are formed in the partition member. As a result, the fuel oil of the emulsion fuel dispersed and diffused by the micro-explosion of the water contained in the emulsion fuel passes through the communication hole to another combustion space, that is, the combustion space in which the injection nozzle is arranged with the partition member interposed therebetween. May reach the combustion space formed on the opposite side. Thereby, the time when the fuel oil of an emulsion fuel is warmed becomes long. As a result, the fuel oil of the emulsion fuel can easily exceed the ignition point, and the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel can be further improved.

  Furthermore, when the configuration as described above is employed, exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the emulsion fuel can be advantageously discharged. As a result, it is possible to further improve the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel.

  Moreover, when employ | adopting the above structures, it is desirable for the partition member to comprise the several communicating hole including the center communicating hole formed in the position which opposes in the injection direction of an injection nozzle. This makes it possible to smoothly discharge the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the emulsion fuel.

  Furthermore, when the plurality of communication holes are configured to include the central communication hole, the opening area of the central communication hole is larger than the opening area of the outer peripheral communication hole formed outside the central communication hole. Is desirable. This makes it possible to more smoothly discharge the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the emulsion fuel.

  In the present invention, a gap extending in the circumferential direction with a width of 50 mm or more is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the partition member and the inner peripheral surface of the combustion chamber at the arrangement position of the partition member in the combustion chamber. It is desirable.

  By forming a relatively large gap in the outer peripheral portion of the partition member in this manner, a stagnant portion is generated in the outer peripheral region of the combustion chamber outside the direct injection region of the injection nozzle, resulting in poor combustion there This problem is effectively reduced or avoided. By connecting both sides of the partition member at the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, the combustion flame in the region located on the injection nozzle side with the partition member interposed therebetween is efficiently circulated to the region located on the opposite side with the partition member interposed therebetween. Therefore, it is possible to promote combustion and thus further improve the combustion efficiency as a whole.

  More preferably, the inner diameter dimension of the combustion chamber is set to be smaller than the injection region of the emulsion fuel injected from the injection nozzle at the position where the partition member is disposed. Specifically, for example, when the injection angle of the injection nozzle (vertical angle in the longitudinal section in the injection region of the emulsion fuel injected conically) is 45 degrees, the outer diameter of the injection region is 2L (however, L Is expressed by a linear distance in the injection direction from the tip of the injection nozzle), it is desirable that the inner diameter dimension of the combustion chamber at the arrangement position of the partition member is set to 2L or less.

Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the outer diameter A of the partition member and the gap B formed on the outer peripheral side of the partition member are: Set according to the formula. By setting the dimensions as described above, the retention at the outer peripheral edge of the combustion chamber as described above is more effectively prevented, and the improvement of the combustion efficiency is promoted.
(1/3) D ≦ A ≦ (2/3) D
(1/6) D ≦ B ≦ (1/3) D

  Hereinafter, in order to clarify the present invention more specifically, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 schematically shows a burner 10 as an embodiment of an emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention. The burner 10 includes a burner body 12. In the present embodiment, the burner body 12 has a cylindrical shape having a circular cross section, but may have a frame shape having a polygonal cross section. Further, the opening on one end side in the axial direction of the burner body 12 is covered with a lid member 14. As a result, a combustion chamber 16 is formed in the burner body 12 with the other axial end open. As is clear from this, in the present embodiment, the exhaust port for the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 16 is constituted by the opening on the other axial end side of the burner body 12. Further, the burner body 12 constitutes a peripheral wall of the combustion chamber 16.

  Therefore, in the burner body 12 of the present embodiment, an annular plate-shaped stepped portion 18 is formed in the vicinity of one end portion in the axial direction, and one end side in the axial direction sandwiching the stepped portion 18 serves as a throttle portion. On the other hand, the other end side in the axial direction is a large-diameter portion 22 as an open portion with the step portion 18 interposed therebetween. In particular, in the present embodiment, the radial dimension of the small diameter part 20 is set to be twice or more the radial dimension of the large diameter part 22, and the small diameter part 20 and the large diameter part 22 are positioned on the same central axis. It has been. In addition, when the dimension is illustrated more specifically in the present embodiment, the inner diameter dimension of the small diameter portion 20 is 100 to 250 mm, while the inner diameter dimension of the large diameter portion 22 is 400 to 700 mm. Moreover, in this embodiment, the axial direction length of the burner main body 12 shall be 800-1400 mm.

  A main nozzle 24 serving as an injection nozzle for injecting emulsion fuel, which will be described later, is housed in the small diameter portion 20 of the burner body 12 having the above-described shape. Here, the main nozzle 24 of the present embodiment is configured by a conventionally known two-fluid nozzle that mixes and injects emulsion fuel and air in a mixing chamber formed near the tip, and is not illustrated. The main nozzle 24 is connected to an emulsion fuel supply pipe connected to an emulsion fuel storage tank in which emulsion fuel is stored, and an air pipe connected to the atmosphere. Moreover, as for the main nozzle 24 of this embodiment, it is desirable that the injection angle is set to 45 to 60 degrees. In the case where the injection angle of the main nozzle 24 is smaller than 45 degrees, it may be difficult to efficiently disperse the emulsion fuel in the combustion chamber 16. On the other hand, when the injection angle of the main nozzle 24 is larger than 60 degrees, the fuel oil of the injected emulsion fuel may collide with the small-diameter portion 20 before being scattered due to water vaporization and evaporation. The injection angle of the main nozzle 24 refers to a cone angle formed by the central axis of the injection port as a nozzle opening formed at the tip of the main nozzle 24. Specifically, a pair of spray nozzles formed at the tip of the main nozzle 24 are located farthest from the central axis of the main nozzle 24 and sandwich the central axis of the main nozzle 24. The cone angle formed by the central axis of each injection port. The main nozzle 24 is positioned in the small diameter portion 20 of the burner body 12 by fixing the base end side to the lid member 14.

  In the present embodiment, the tip of the main nozzle 24 is positioned in the small diameter portion 20 in a state where the main nozzle 24 is disposed in the small diameter portion 20 as described above. In other words, the main nozzle 24 is configured not to protrude into the large diameter portion 22 from the other axial end (stepped portion 18) of the small diameter portion 20.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the main nozzle 24 is accommodated and disposed in the small diameter portion 20 as described above, and the injection direction of the main nozzle 24 is substantially the same as the axial direction of the small diameter portion 20 and the burner body 12. To be matched.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the central axis of the main nozzle 24 may be located on the central axis of the burner body 12 in a state where the main nozzle 24 is accommodated in the small diameter portion 20 as described above. Alternatively, it may be displaced by a predetermined amount within the small-diameter portion 20, and in that case, it is possible to easily secure an arrangement space for a sub nozzle 26 described later. Incidentally, in the present embodiment, the central axis of the main nozzle 24 is at a position that is biased radially outward from the central axis of the burner body 12.

  In the present embodiment, in addition to the main nozzle 24, a sub nozzle 26 as an oil nozzle for injecting petroleum-based fluid fuel, which will be described later, is fixed to the lid member 14 on the base end side in the same manner as the main nozzle 24. In the state, it is accommodated in the small diameter portion 20 of the burner body 12. In particular, in the present embodiment, the portions located on the central axis at the projecting end portions where the injection ports of the sub nozzle 26 and the main nozzle 24 are formed are located at the same position in the axial direction of the small diameter portion 20. As a result, it is possible to advantageously realize ignition of the emulsion fuel injected from the main nozzle 24. The sub-nozzle 26 of the present embodiment is configured by a conventionally known two-fluid nozzle, similar to the main nozzle 24, and although not shown, petroleum-based fluid fuel is stored in the sub-nozzle 26. An oil supply pipe connected to the oil storage tank and an air supply pipe connected to the atmosphere are connected.

  Accordingly, the sub-nozzle 26 of the present embodiment is set within a range of 45 to 60 degrees. Further, the sub-nozzle 26 of the present embodiment is configured such that the injection direction substantially coincides with the axial direction of the burner body 12 in the same manner as the injection direction of the main nozzle 24. Furthermore, the sub-nozzle 26 of the present embodiment may have a central axis that is at the same position as the central axis of the burner body 12 as well as the central axis of the main nozzle 24, or may be eccentric. Incidentally, in the present embodiment, the central axis of the sub nozzle 26 is at a position deviated from the central axis of the burner body 12. In particular, in the present embodiment, the sub-nozzle 26 is at a position opposite to the main nozzle 24 across the central axis of the burner body 12.

  Further, an igniter 28 fixedly supported by the lid member 14 is positioned near the sub nozzle 26, and the igniter 28 ignites the petroleum-based fluid fuel injected from the sub nozzle 26. Yes.

  Furthermore, the partition member 30 is accommodated and arranged in the large diameter portion 22 of the burner body 12 while being supported by the large diameter portion 22. As shown in FIG. 2, the partition member 30 has a disk shape with a substantially constant thickness as a whole. Therefore, the partition member 30 of the present embodiment has a dimension in the thickness direction: L1 set in a range of 15 to 100 mm, and a dimension in a direction perpendicular to the axis (radial dimension): L2 in a range of 250 to 400 mm. Set in. Moreover, the partition member 30 is formed of a heat-resistant material, and in this embodiment, it is formed of ceramics. Thereby, the thermal storage property is provided to the partition member 30 of this embodiment. In addition, it is also desirable to employ a porous ceramic member having continuous pores as the partition member 30 in order to improve the heat storage property and the substantial surface area.

  In addition, the partition member 30 is formed with communication holes 32 penetrating in a substantially constant cross-sectional shape (circular cross section in the present embodiment) in the thickness direction. In particular, in the present embodiment, a plurality of communication holes 32 are formed. Is formed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the central communication hole 34 formed in the center of the partition member 30 has an opening area larger than that of the other communication holes 32 (outer peripheral communication holes 33). In the present embodiment, among the plurality of communication holes 32, the communication holes 32 (outer peripheral communication holes 33) other than the central communication hole 34 are positions that are substantially evenly distributed in the region on the outer peripheral side of the central communication hole 34. Is formed. The central communication hole 34 preferably has a diameter of 15 to 50 mm, and the communication holes 32 (outer peripheral communication holes 33) other than the central communication hole 34 preferably have a diameter of 10 to 20 mm. In other words, the diameter of the central communication hole 34 and the opening area are set so that the central axis of the main nozzle 24 is located in the central communication hole 34 in the projection in the central axis direction. Yes. As a result, it is possible to ensure a heat retaining effect while advantageously realizing emission of combustion exhaust gas. Further, the opening area of the central communication hole 34 is increased as the injection angle of the main nozzle 24 is increased. On the other hand, the communication holes 32 (outer peripheral communication holes 33) other than the central communication hole 34 are formed at positions deviating from the central axis of the main nozzle 24, and as the opening area of the central communication hole 34 increases. The opening area of the communication holes 32 (outer periphery communication holes 33) other than the central communication hole 34 is set to be small. Thereby, the ratio which the communication hole 32 accounts in the partition member 30 is made not to become large too much. Further, the communication holes 32 (outer peripheral communication holes 33) other than the central communication hole 34 are positioned within the injection angle of the main nozzle 24.

  The partition member 30 having such a shape is arranged in the large-diameter portion 22 of the burner body 12 so that the central axis direction thereof substantially coincides with the axial direction of the burner body 12, that is, the injection direction of the main nozzle 24. Contained. In other words, the partition member 30 is accommodated and disposed in the large-diameter portion 22 of the burner body 12 such that both surfaces in the thickness direction spread in a direction orthogonal to the injection direction of the main nozzle 24, and the partition member 30 is positioned opposite to the main nozzle 24. Thereby, the combustion chamber 16 is divided into two in the axial direction of the burner body 12, and two combustion spaces 36, 38 are formed on both sides of the partition member 30, and these two combustion spaces 36, 38 are divided into the partition members. The plurality of communication holes 32 provided in 30 communicate with each other.

  In the present embodiment, the partition member 30 is positioned on the same central axis with respect to the large diameter portion 22 of the burner body 12. Thus, a gap 39 having a substantially constant size is formed over the entire circumference between the outer peripheral surface of the partition member 30 and the inner peripheral surface of the large diameter portion 22. In the present embodiment, the size (B) of the gap 39 is set within a range of 100 to 260 mm. This makes it possible to efficiently discharge the combustion exhaust gas of the emulsion fuel between the two chambers partitioned by the partition member 30 while facilitating collision of the fuel oil of the emulsion fuel, which will be described later, with the partition member 30. Combustion efficiency can be improved by mutual transition of the combustion state.

  In addition, in the communication hole 32 of the partition member 30 to which the direct injection pressure from the main nozzle 24 is exerted, the gas flow from the upstream combustion space 38 to the downstream combustion space 36 is caused by the action of the injection pressure. Produced actively. By forming the gap 39 in a region where the direct injection pressure from the main nozzle 24 is exerted, a smooth transition of the combustion gas from the upstream combustion region to the downstream combustion region is realized, and the combustion chamber Overall, an efficient, uniform and stable combustion state can be realized. On the other hand, the gap 39 may be formed at a position outside the direct injection region of the main nozzle 24 on the outer peripheral side. As a result, the action of the direct injection pressure from the main nozzle 24 is avoided in the gap 39, and the pressure on the outer peripheral portion is reduced in the upstream combustion space 38. As a result, the downstream side depends on the combustion state. It is also possible to partially recirculate the combustion gas from the combustion space 36 to the upstream combustion space 38. The combustion gas recirculation can further improve the combustion efficiency and energy conversion efficiency.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, in the state in which the partition member 30 is accommodated in the large diameter portion 22 in this way, the outer peripheral surface of the partition member 30 is the inner diameter of the small diameter portion 20 in the axial projection of the burner body 12. It can be positioned radially outward from the peripheral surface. In other words, the opening of the small diameter portion 20 is covered with the partition member 30 in the axial projection of the burner body 12.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the central axis at one surface in the thickness direction of the partition member 30 (the surface on the one end side in the axial direction) and the tip of the main nozzle 24, that is, at the end where the injection nozzle in the main nozzle 24 is formed. The separation distance L3 from the part located on the line is set to 300 to 450 mm. In particular, in this embodiment, the separation distance between one surface in the thickness direction of the partition member 30 and the other opening end in the axial direction of the small diameter portion 20 is the tip of the main nozzle 24, that is, the injection port in the main nozzle 24. The partition member 30 is accommodated in the large-diameter portion 22 so as to be at least twice the separation distance between the portion located on the central axis at the end portion and the other opening end in the axial direction of the small-diameter portion 20. ing.

  The partition member 30 is attached to the large-diameter portion 22 via an appropriate attachment member, so that the partition member 30 is directly or indirectly supported with respect to the large-diameter portion 22 and is inside the large-diameter portion 22. It is housed in a fixed position. Specifically, for example, a plurality of support members are provided across the radially facing surfaces of the partition member 30 and the large-diameter portion 22, and the large-diameter portion is provided at a plurality of locations on the circumference of the partition member 30. It is also possible to fix to 22. Alternatively, it is also possible to provide one or a plurality of support members extending from the small diameter portion 20 provided with the nozzles toward the large diameter portion so that the partition member 30 is fixedly supported to the small diameter portion 20. is there. Of course, in the partition member 30, a mounting portion that partially protrudes on the outer periphery side is integrally formed, and the partition member is fixedly positioned with respect to the large-diameter portion 22 in the mounting portion. Is possible.

  The burner 10 having the above-described structure first ignites the petroleum fluid fuel injected from the sub nozzle 26 by the igniter 28. In this regard, the petroleum fluid fuel is not particularly limited as long as it can be obtained by refining petroleum such as kerosene, light oil, gasoline, and heavy oil, but from the viewpoint of being inexpensive, Heavy oil is preferably employed.

  Next, the emulsion fuel injected from the main nozzle 24 is ignited using a flame generated with the combustion of the petroleum fluid fuel. Thereby, the flame 40 based on combustion of an emulsion fuel generate | occur | produces and the burner 10 will be in a use condition. The emulsion fuel is a mixture of fuel oil such as kerosene, light oil, gasoline, and heavy oil, water such as tap water, and a surfactant. Incidentally, in this embodiment, heavy oil, water, and a surfactant are mixed.

  Therefore, the emulsion fuel may be supplied in a state where it is constantly stirred in the emulsion fuel storage tank, or the previously stirred one is supplied as it is without stirring. May be. Note that any of various conventionally known stirring means can be used as the stirring means for the emulsion fuel. Moreover, if the combustion of the emulsion fuel is stabilized, the combustion of the petroleum fluid fuel may be stopped.

  In the burner 10 having the structure as described above, the emulsion fuel can be burned efficiently. This is considered based on the following reasons.

  That is, the partition member 30 accommodated and disposed in the combustion chamber 16 makes it easy for heat to be generated in the combustion space 38 on the main nozzle 24 side, and warms the emulsion fuel injected from the main nozzle 24 and thus the main nozzle 24. Will be. Thereby, the emulsion fuel can be injected in a low viscosity state. In other words, the fuel oil (heavy oil in this embodiment) contained in the emulsion fuel can be injected in the atomized state.

  Further, in the injected emulsion fuel, water particles having a boiling point lower than that of the fuel oil are vaporized and evaporated. Thereby, the fuel oil surrounding the water particles is scattered, and the fuel oil becomes particles with a finer diameter. As a result, the fuel oil particles have a large area in contact with oxygen per volume, and local incomplete combustion is reduced, so that combustion efficiency is increased.

  Furthermore, the fuel oil particles that are diffused when the water particles are vaporized / evaporated collide with the partition member 30 to be further atomized. This further increases the area where the fuel oil particles come into contact with oxygen. As a result, local incomplete combustion is further reduced and the combustion efficiency is further increased.

  In this embodiment, the partition member 30 is made of ceramic, and heat storage is imparted to the partition member 30, so that the combustion space 38 closer to the main nozzle 24 than the partition member 30 is heated. Is easier to beat.

  In particular, in this embodiment, since the thickness dimension of the partition member 30 is 15 to 100 mm, the heat retention effect of the combustion space 38 by the partition member 30 is effectively obtained while avoiding the weight of the partition member 30. It can be done.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the opening of the small diameter portion 20 is covered with the partition member 30 in the axial projection of the burner body 12, so that the combustion space 38 on the main nozzle 24 side by the partition member 30 is covered. The heat retention effect can be effectively obtained, and the fuel oil particles scattered when the water particles of the emulsion fuel injected from the main nozzle 24 are vaporized and evaporated can collide with the partition member 30 to be further refined.

  In particular, in the present embodiment, the gap 39 formed between the outer peripheral surface of the partition member 30 and the inner peripheral surface of the large diameter portion 22 of the burner body 12 is 100 to 260 mm. The heat retaining effect of the combustion space 38 on the side of the main nozzle 24 can be obtained more effectively, and the fuel oil particles scattered when the water particles of the emulsion fuel injected from the main nozzle 24 are vaporized and evaporated are separated by the partition member 30. It is possible to advantageously realize further miniaturization by collision.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the separation distance between the partition member 30 and the main nozzle 24 is set to 300 to 450 mm, the fuel scattered when the water particles of the emulsion fuel injected from the main nozzle 24 are vaporized and evaporated. Further refinement of the oil particles by colliding with the partition member 30 can be realized more advantageously.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, the injection angle of the main nozzle 24 is set to 60 degrees, and the distance from the tip of the main nozzle 24 to the other opening end in the axial direction of the small diameter portion 20 is the thickness of the partition member 30. Since the distance from one surface in the vertical direction to the other opening end in the axial direction of the small-diameter portion 20 is set to be half or less, the volume of the combustion space 38 on the main nozzle 24 side is increased while emulsion fuel is injected over a wide range. By reducing the size, it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel.

  Further, in the present embodiment, since the plurality of communication holes 32 are formed in the partition member 30, the fuel oil particles scattered or diffused when the water particles of the emulsion fuel are vaporized and evaporated are separated from the partition member 30. It is possible to reach the combustion space 36 on the other axial end side, that is, the combustion space 36 on the opposite side to the main nozzle 24 side. That is, it is possible to lengthen the flight time of the fuel oil particles scattered or diffused by the vaporized / evaporated water particles. This increases the time during which the fuel oil particles are heated. As a result, the fuel oil particles easily exceed the ignition temperature, and the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel can be further improved.

  In particular, in this embodiment, since the partition member 30 has a heat storage property, the temperature in the vicinity of the partition member 30 is more likely to rise than other regions. As a result, the fuel oil particles are further heated. As a result, the fuel oil particles are more likely to exceed the ignition temperature, and the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel can be further improved.

  Incidentally, the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 in the burner 10 of this embodiment was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. There, the length of the burner body 12 is 1300 mm. Moreover, the internal diameter dimension of the large diameter part 22 is 500 mm. The emulsion fuel is obtained by sufficiently stirring and mixing A heavy oil, water (industrial water or tap water) and an emulsifier (nonionic surfactant) with mechanical stirring. There, the heavy oil A is 50% by weight, the water is 49% by weight, and the emulsifier is 1% by weight. The supply amount of the emulsion fuel is 30 L / hour. Furthermore, the partition member 30 was disposed so that one surface in the thickness direction was at a position of 400 mm from the tip of the main nozzle 24. Furthermore, the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 has a distance of 200 mm from the tip of the main nozzle 24 (measurement position 1), a position of 300 mm (measurement position 2), a position of 400 mm (measurement position 3), and 500 mm. (Measurement position 4), 600 mm position (measurement position 5), and 700 mm position (measurement position 6). That is, the temperature measurement position of the combustion chamber 16 is set at three positions on the main nozzle 24 side with respect to the partition member 30 and at three positions on the exhaust port side with respect to the partition member 30. The outer diameter of the partition member 30 is 280 mm, the inner diameter of the central communication hole 34 is 40 mm, and the inner diameter of the outer peripheral communication hole 33 is 15 mm. For comparison, measurement was also performed when the partition member 30 was not disposed in the combustion chamber 16. The results are also shown in Table 1. Furthermore, the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 was also measured in the same manner with respect to the burner in which the partition members 42, 44, and 46 that can be employed in the present invention shown in FIGS.

  Therefore, the partition member 42 shown in FIG. 3 is formed in the center portion thereof so as to penetrate through the inner communication holes 48 having a circular cross section arranged in three vertical rows and three horizontal rows. The middle inner communication hole 48 has a larger diameter than the other inner communication holes 48. Furthermore, four outer communication holes 50 extending in the circumferential direction over a predetermined length are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction outside the central portion where the nine inner communication holes 48 are formed. ing. Incidentally, the inner diameter of the inner inner communication hole 48 is 40 mm, the inner diameter of the remaining inner communication hole 48 is 15 mm, and the width dimension in the radial direction of the outer communication hole 50 is 15 mm. Yes.

  In addition, the partition member 44 shown in FIG. 4 has a central communication hole 52 having a circular cross section formed in the central portion thereof, and an outer communication hole having a circular cross section outside the central communication hole 52. Twelve 54 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, in the central communication hole 52, three stainless steel flat plates 56 are assembled so as to be arranged at equal intervals in one radial direction. Incidentally, the width dimension of the flat plate 56 (the horizontal dimension in FIG. 4) is 200 mm, the thickness dimension of the flat plate 56 is 4 mm, and the inner diameter dimension of the central communication hole 52 is 150 mm. The inner diameter of the outer communication hole 54 is 20 mm.

  Further, the partition member 46 shown in FIG. 5 has a central communication hole 58 having a circular cross section formed in the central portion thereof, and an outer communication extending radially in the outer peripheral side of the central communication hole 58. Eight holes 60 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, four of the eight outer communication holes 60 have larger circumferential dimensions (width direction dimensions) than the other four outer communication holes 60. The other four outer communication holes 60 are alternately arranged. Incidentally, the inner diameter dimension of the central communication hole 58 is 40 mm, the dimension in the radial direction of the partition member 46 in each outer communication hole 60 is 120 mm, and the width dimension of the outer communication hole 60 (of the partition member 46). The dimensions in the direction perpendicular to the radial direction are 15 mm and 10 mm.

  In addition, in the partition members 42, 44, and 46 shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the thickness dimension, the radial dimension, the forming material, and the like are the same as those of the partition member 30 of the present embodiment.

  As apparent from the results shown in Table 1, the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 in which the partition member 30 of the present embodiment and the partition members 42, 44, and 46 shown in FIGS. , 42, 44, 46 were confirmed to be higher than the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 in which no.

  Further, it was confirmed that the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 was higher near the partition members 30, 42, 44, and 46. This is considered due to the fact that the partition members 30, 42, 44, and 46 have heat storage properties.

  Furthermore, the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 in which the partition member 30 of this embodiment is disposed is higher than the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 in which the partition members 42, 44, and 46 shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 are disposed. Was confirmed. This is because many communication holes 32 are formed in the partition member 30 of the present embodiment, and the ratio of the opening area of the communication holes 32 to the entire end surface in the thickness direction of the partition member 30 of the present embodiment is as shown in FIG. This is considered to be because the ratio of the opening area of the communication holes 48, 50, 52, 54, 58, 60 to the entire end surface in the thickness direction of the partition members 42, 44, 46 shown in FIG. .

  Furthermore, the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 in which the partition member 44 shown in FIG. 4 is arranged is equal to the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 in which the partition member 30 of this embodiment is arranged, as shown in FIGS. It was confirmed that the temperature was lower than the temperature of the combustion chamber 16 in which the partition members 42 and 46 were disposed. This is considered due to the fact that the partition member 44 shown in FIG. 4 includes a flat plate 56 made of stainless steel.

  As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was explained in full detail, this is an illustration to the last, Comprising: This invention is not limited at all by the specific description in this Embodiment.

  For example, in the above embodiment, the main nozzle 24 and the sub nozzle 26 do not need to be two-fluid nozzles.

  In the embodiment, there may be two or more main nozzles 24 and sub nozzles 26, respectively.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the sub nozzle 26 is not always necessary. In this case, for example, a heater wire is wound around the small-diameter portion 20 of the burner body 12, and the inside of the small-diameter portion 20 is heated using the heat of the heater wire, and then injected from the main nozzle 24 using an igniter. The emulsion fuel may be ignited.

  Furthermore, in the embodiment, a plurality of partition members 30 may be arranged in the combustion chamber 16.

  Further, the shape and size of the partition member, and further, the shape, size, number, formation position and the like of the communication hole are not limited to the above-described embodiment and the modes shown in FIGS.

  Furthermore, oil sand, bitumen, or heavy oil such as petroleum distillation residue or asphalt can be employed as the fuel oil for the emulsion fuel.

  In addition, in the above-described embodiment, a specific example in which the present invention is applied to a burner has been shown. However, the present invention can be applied to a diesel engine, a boiler incinerator, and the like in addition to a burner. Applicable.

  In addition, although not listed one by one, the present invention can be carried out in a mode to which various changes, modifications, improvements and the like are added based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. It goes without saying that all are included in the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Schematic for demonstrating the burner as one Embodiment of this invention. The front view which shows the partition member employ | adopted as the burner. The front view which shows the partition member employable in this invention. The front view which shows another aspect of the partition member employable in this invention. The front view which shows another aspect of the partition member employable in this invention.

Explanation of symbols

10: burner, 16: combustion chamber, 24: main nozzle, 30: partition member, 32: communication hole, 36: combustion space, 38: combustion space

Claims (10)

In an emulsion fuel combustion apparatus for burning emulsion fuel injected from an injection nozzle in a combustion chamber,
The combustion chamber is partitioned by a fire-resistant partition member in the injection direction of the emulsion fuel by the injection nozzle, and two combustion spaces formed on both sides of the partition member in the combustion chamber. The emulsion fuel combustion apparatus is characterized in that they communicate with each other through a communication hole formed through the partition member.   2. The emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein in addition to the injection nozzle, an oil nozzle for injecting petroleum fluid fuel into the combustion chamber is arranged in parallel with the injection nozzle in the same injection direction as the injection nozzle. Combustion device.   The emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the partition member is made of ceramics.   In the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber, a stepped portion is formed in an intermediate portion in the central axis direction to form a stepped cylindrical body, and one side in the axial direction of the stepped portion is a small diameter throttle portion, 2. The axially other side of the stepped portion is a large-diameter open portion, while the injection nozzle is positioned in the throttle portion, and the partition member is positioned in the open portion. 4. The emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 3.   The emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 4, wherein an outer diameter of the partition member is larger than an inner diameter of the throttle portion.   The emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a thickness dimension of the partition member is constant.   The emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a separation distance in a facing direction between the partition member and the injection nozzle is 300 to 450 mm.   The emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a plurality of the communication holes are formed in the partition member.   A central communication hole is formed at a position facing the injection direction of the injection nozzle in the partition member, and an outer peripheral communication hole is formed around the central communication hole, and an opening area of the central communication hole is The emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the emulsion fuel combustion apparatus is larger than an opening area of the outer peripheral communication hole.   A gap extending in the circumferential direction with a width dimension of 50 mm or more is formed between an outer peripheral surface of the partition member and an inner peripheral surface of the combustion chamber at an arrangement position of the partition member in the combustion chamber. The emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to any one of 1 to 9.

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