JP2009072790A - Friction stir welding apparatus and tool for friction stir welding - Google Patents
Friction stir welding apparatus and tool for friction stir welding Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、摩擦撹拌接合装置およびこの装置のための接合ツールに関し、特に、一般構造用鋼材、建築用構造用鋼材および自動車用鋼板などの鉄鋼材料からなる被接合物を接合するために好適に実施することができる摩擦撹拌接合装置および摩擦撹拌接合用ツールに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a friction stir welding apparatus and a joining tool for the apparatus, and particularly suitable for joining workpieces made of steel materials such as general structural steel materials, structural structural steel materials, and automotive steel plates. The present invention relates to a friction stir welding apparatus and a friction stir welding tool that can be implemented.
鉄系金属材料の摩擦撹拌接合に関する典型的な従来技術は、特許文献１に記載されている。この従来技術においては、耐熱性合金からなる基材の中心軸線上に、被接合物と接触するピン部が一体的に形成される接合ツールにおいて、前記ピン部を含む外周部分を、窒化ケイ素（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）系のセラミックからなる皮膜によって覆うことによって、高温域における硬度の低下を抑制し、これにより鉄鋼材料である被接合物との摩擦に対する強度の低下を抑制することが提案されている。 A typical prior art relating to friction stir welding of ferrous metal materials is described in Patent Document 1. In this prior art, in a joining tool in which a pin portion that comes into contact with an object to be joined is integrally formed on the central axis of a base material made of a heat resistant alloy, an outer peripheral portion including the pin portion is made of silicon nitride ( By covering with a film made of a Si 3 N 4 ) -based ceramic, it is proposed to suppress a decrease in hardness in a high temperature range, thereby suppressing a decrease in strength against friction with a workpiece that is a steel material. Yes.
このような従来技術では、被接合物として、ＪＩＳ規格でＳＳ４００として規定される鉄鋼材料を対象とし、また接合ツールの基材は、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、ＣｏおよびＷの少なくとも１種を主成分とする耐熱性合金からなる。 In such a conventional technique, a steel material specified as SS400 in the JIS standard is targeted as an object to be joined, and the base material of the joining tool is mainly composed of at least one of Fe, Ni, Co, and W. Made of heat resistant alloy.
他の従来技術は、特許文献２，３に記載されている。これらの従来技術では、被接合材の接合部近傍にＮ２、Ｈｅ、Ａｒなどの不活性ガスを吹き付けて、酸化物の生成を抑制し、接合不良を改善することが提案されている。 Other conventional techniques are described in Patent Documents 2 and 3. In these prior arts, it has been proposed that an inert gas such as N 2 , He, Ar, etc. is sprayed in the vicinity of the bonded portion of the material to be bonded to suppress the formation of oxides and improve bonding defects.
さらに他の従来技術は、特許文献４に記載されている。この従来技術では、接合ツールの基材の表面にダイヤモンドからなる皮膜を形成して、アルミニウム合金、マグネシウム合金および銅合金などからなる被接合材の成分が接合ツールに溶着し、あるいは合金化することを防止して、接合ツールの長寿命化を図ることが提案されている。 Still another prior art is described in Patent Document 4. In this prior art, a film made of diamond is formed on the surface of the base material of the joining tool, and the components of the material to be joined made of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, etc. are welded or alloyed to the joining tool. It has been proposed to extend the life of the welding tool by preventing the above.
前記特許文献１に記載された方法においては、アルミニウム合金などに比べて融点の高い鉄鋼材料を対象として摩擦撹拌によって接合するため、窒化ケイ素などによって皮膜が形成された接合ツールが用いられている。このような接合ツールは、被接合物との摩擦による発熱によって、接合ツールを構成する材料の化学的な分解および構成元素の被接合物への拡散が生じ、接合ツールのショルダ部およびピン部などの被接合物に接触して撹拌駆動力を発生させる部位が著しく摩耗する。 In the method described in Patent Document 1, since a steel material having a melting point higher than that of an aluminum alloy or the like is used as a target for joining by friction stirring, a joining tool having a film formed of silicon nitride or the like is used. In such a welding tool, heat generated by friction with the workpieces causes chemical decomposition of the materials constituting the welding tool and diffusion of constituent elements into the workpieces, such as the shoulder portion and the pin portion of the welding tool. The part that generates a stirring driving force in contact with the object to be bonded is significantly worn.
また、前記接合ツールの基材として使用される、超硬合金であるたとえばタングステンカーバイトの１０００℃における標準生成エネルギは、−１０ｋｃａｌ／ｇ・原子と比較的大きいため、高温環境下では分解が生じ易く、熱的に不安定である。さらに、鋼中へのタングステンの固溶を生じ易い。これらの現象によって生じる接合ツールの摩耗が摩擦撹拌領域の形成を損なうため、接合強度の低下を招き、僅かな回数の使用によって高価な接合ツールの寿命が尽きるため、経済性に劣るという問題がある。 In addition, the standard generated energy at 1000 ° C. of tungsten carbide, for example, a cemented carbide used as a base material for the joining tool is relatively large at −10 kcal / g · atom, so that decomposition occurs in a high temperature environment. Easy and thermally unstable. Furthermore, it is easy to produce the solid solution of tungsten in steel. Since the wear of the welding tool caused by these phenomena impairs the formation of the friction stir zone, the strength of the welding tool is lowered, and the life of the expensive welding tool is exhausted after being used a few times. .
さらに、鉄鋼材料の摩擦撹拌接合では、接合ツールの回転速度は２５０〜１５００ｒｐｍに設定することが多く、１５００ｒｐｍ以上に高い回転速度にすると摩擦発熱量が不可避的に増加する。このため、被接合物が早期に加熱され、接合時間の短縮および接合強度の向上が図れる一方、接合ツールの摩耗も加速される。よって、高価な接合ツールの寿命を考慮すると、回転速度を大きくするには限界があり、したがって、接合時間の短縮および接合強度の向上が制限されるという問題がある。 Further, in friction stir welding of steel materials, the rotation speed of the welding tool is often set to 250 to 1500 rpm, and the frictional heat generation inevitably increases when the rotation speed is higher than 1500 rpm. For this reason, the object to be joined is heated at an early stage, the joining time can be shortened and the joining strength can be improved, and the wear of the joining tool is accelerated. Therefore, in consideration of the lifetime of an expensive joining tool, there is a limit in increasing the rotation speed, and therefore there is a problem that shortening of joining time and improvement of joining strength are limited.
また、前述の特許文献２および特許文献３において開示されている技術においては、接合不良を改善するために、被接合材の接合部近傍に不活性ガスを吹き付けて酸化物の生成を抑制することが提案されているが、被接合材が鉄鋼材料である場合にあっては、前述の特許文献１の場合と同様の問題がある。 Further, in the techniques disclosed in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 described above, in order to improve bonding failure, an inert gas is blown near the bonded portion of the material to be bonded to suppress generation of oxide. However, when the material to be joined is a steel material, there is a problem similar to the case of Patent Document 1 described above.
さらに、特許文献４に記載の従来技術においては、接合ツールの基材の表面にダイヤモンドからなる皮膜を形成することによって、被接合材の成分の接合ツールへの溶着および合金化することを防止して、接合ツールの長寿命化を図ることが提案されている。しかしながら、この技術においても、被接合材が鉄鋼材料である場合は、皮膜の構成元素である炭素が鉄鋼材料と化学反応してしまい、上述した特許文献２および３の各従来技術と同様の問題がある。 Furthermore, in the prior art described in Patent Document 4, a film made of diamond is formed on the surface of the base material of the joining tool, thereby preventing welding and alloying of the components of the material to be joined to the joining tool. Therefore, it has been proposed to extend the life of the welding tool. However, even in this technique, when the material to be joined is a steel material, carbon, which is a constituent element of the film, chemically reacts with the steel material, and the same problems as in the conventional techniques of Patent Documents 2 and 3 described above. There is.
本発明は、上述した従来技術の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、特に鉄鋼材料の摩擦撹拌接合に用いる接合ツールの耐久性を飛躍的に向上させて、接合ツールの高速回転による被接合物の接合時間の短縮が図られると共に、被接合物の接合部の強度低下も防止することができる摩擦撹拌接合装置および摩擦撹拌接合用ツールを提供することを目的とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art. In particular, the durability of a welding tool used for friction stir welding of steel materials has been dramatically improved, and the coating by high-speed rotation of the welding tool has been achieved. It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction stir welding apparatus and a friction stir welding tool capable of shortening the joining time of a joined object and preventing a decrease in strength of a joined part of an object to be joined.
上述した技術的課題を解決するために、本発明に係る摩擦撹拌接合装置は、被接合物の接合部に、接合ツールを回転させながら押圧し、摩擦熱によって軟化した部分へ前記接合ツールの少なくとも一部を没入させて、この軟化した部分を撹拌しながら被接合物の接合部を固相接合するための摩擦撹拌接合装置であって、
前記接合ツールが、基材と、この基材の表面の少なくとも被接合物に接触する領域に形成された窒化アルミニウム皮膜とからなり、
前記接合ツールの前記基材が、
窒化ホウ素：０．３〜１０重量％、
窒化クロムおよび／または炭化クロム：０．５〜８重量％、
窒化チタン：０．１〜２重量％、
残部：窒化ケイ素および不可避的成分、
を含んでなることを特徴とするものである。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、上記基材が、さらに窒化アルミニウムを０．２〜３０重量％含んでなる。
In order to solve the technical problem described above, a friction stir welding apparatus according to the present invention is configured to press at least a portion of the welding tool to a portion softened by frictional heat by pressing the welding tool while rotating the welding tool to a bonding portion of the objects to be bonded. A friction stir welding apparatus for solid-phase joining a joint portion of an object to be joined while immersing a part and stirring the softened portion,
The joining tool is composed of a base material and an aluminum nitride film formed in a region in contact with at least an object to be joined on the surface of the base material,
The substrate of the joining tool is
Boron nitride: 0.3 to 10% by weight,
Chromium nitride and / or chromium carbide: 0.5 to 8% by weight,
Titanium nitride: 0.1 to 2% by weight,
Balance: silicon nitride and inevitable components,
It is characterized by comprising.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate further comprises 0.2 to 30% by weight of aluminum nitride.
また、本発明に係る摩擦撹拌接合装置は、前記接合ツールが没入する接合部に向けて不活性ガスを供給する不活性ガス供給手段を含む。 In addition, the friction stir welding apparatus according to the present invention includes an inert gas supply unit that supplies an inert gas toward a bonding portion in which the bonding tool is immersed.
さらに本発明は、上記摩擦撹拌接合装置の、フリクションスポット接合法への使用を包含する。 Furthermore, the present invention includes the use of the friction stir welding apparatus described above for the friction spot joining method.
また、本発明に係る摩擦撹拌接合用ツールは、被接合物の接合部に、回転させながら押圧し、摩擦熱によって軟化した部分へ前記接合ツールの少なくとも一部を没入させて、この軟化した部分を撹拌しながら被接合物の接合部を固相接合するための摩擦撹拌接合用ツールであって、
前記接合ツールが、基材と、この基材の表面の少なくとも被接合物に接触する領域に形成された窒化アルミニウム皮膜とからなり、
前記接合ツールの前記基材が、
窒化ホウ素：０．３〜１０重量％、
窒化クロムおよび／または炭化クロム：０．５〜８重量％、
窒化チタン：０．１〜２重量％、
残部：窒化ケイ素および不可避的成分、
を含んでなることを特徴とするものである。
また、上記本発明の接合ツールの好ましい態様においては、上記基材が、さらに窒化アルミニウムを０．２〜３０重量％含んでなる。
Further, the friction stir welding tool according to the present invention is configured to press the rotating portion of the joint to be joined while rotating, so that at least a part of the joining tool is immersed in a portion softened by frictional heat, and the softened portion. Friction stir welding tool for solid-phase joining the joint of the object to be joined while stirring,
The joining tool is composed of a base material and an aluminum nitride film formed in a region in contact with at least an object to be joined on the surface of the base material,
The substrate of the joining tool is
Boron nitride: 0.3 to 10% by weight,
Chromium nitride and / or chromium carbide: 0.5 to 8% by weight,
Titanium nitride: 0.1 to 2% by weight,
Balance: silicon nitride and inevitable components,
It is characterized by comprising.
Moreover, in the preferable aspect of the said joining tool of this invention, the said base material contains 0.2-30 weight% of aluminum nitride further.
さらに、本発明の接合ツールの好ましい態様においては、前記窒化アルミニウム皮膜が、化学的蒸着法、物理的蒸着法および溶射法のいずれか１つもしくはこれらの組み合わせによって形成されてなる。
本発明の接合ツールの他の好ましい態様においては、前記窒化アルミニウム皮膜の形成に際して、基材の表面が粗面化されてなり、さらに、窒化アルミニウム皮膜の形成に際して、ＨＩＰ処理が施される態様も含む。
Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the joining tool of the present invention, the aluminum nitride film is formed by any one of a chemical vapor deposition method, a physical vapor deposition method and a thermal spraying method, or a combination thereof.
In another preferable aspect of the joining tool of the present invention, there is also an aspect in which the surface of the base material is roughened when the aluminum nitride film is formed, and further, HIP treatment is performed when forming the aluminum nitride film. Including.
本発明は、鉄鋼材料の接合に特に好適である。この被接合物の接合部には、上述した本発明の接合ツールを回転させながら被接合物の接合部に押し付けて、摩擦熱によって軟化した部分へ没入させ、この軟化した部分を撹拌して、被接合物の接合部が固相接合される。
なお、本実施の形態において鉄鋼材料とは、鋼材とも呼ばれ、組成からは、鋳鉄、炭素鋼および合金鋼などに分類され、用途からは、鋳物用銑鉄、圧延鋼材、鋳鋼、鍛鋼などに分類される鉄鋼製品をいう。本発明は、このような鉄鋼材料に比べて融点の低いアルミニウム合金を被接合物２として排除するものではなく、本実施の形態の摩擦撹拌接合装置１によって摩擦撹拌接合が可能である。
The present invention is particularly suitable for joining steel materials. In the joined portion of the object to be joined, while pressing the joining tool of the present invention described above, it is pressed against the joined portion of the object to be joined, and is immersed in the softened portion by frictional heat, and the softened portion is stirred. The joint of the object to be joined is solid-phase joined.
In this embodiment, the steel material is also referred to as a steel material, and is classified into cast iron, carbon steel, alloy steel, and the like from the composition, and from use, classified into pig iron for casting, rolled steel, cast steel, forged steel, and the like. It refers to steel products. In the present invention, an aluminum alloy having a melting point lower than that of the steel material is not excluded as the workpiece 2, and the friction stir welding can be performed by the friction stir welding apparatus 1 of the present embodiment.
本発明によれば、接合ツールの基材が耐熱衝撃性にすぐれ、さらにこの基材の所定の表面に窒化アルミニウムからなる皮膜が形成されているので、接合ツールの熱衝撃による劣化や摩耗を防止して耐久性を向上し、接合ツールの飛躍的長寿命化を図ることができるというすぐれた効果を奏する。
また接合ツールの皮膜の摩耗に対する耐性が向上されるので、接合ツールの回転速度を大きくして、接合作業の効率を向上することができる。さらに接合ツールの高速回転によって被接合物との摩擦発熱量を増加させることができるので、被接合物の撹拌領域を拡大し、被接合物の接合部の接合強度を向上することができる。さらにまた、接合ツールの表面に窒化アルミニウムからなる皮膜が形成されることによって、接合強度の低下を招く有害なツール構成元素の接合部への侵入を防止することができるので、接合品質を向上させることができる点においてもすぐれている。
According to the present invention, since the base material of the joining tool is excellent in thermal shock resistance, and a coating made of aluminum nitride is formed on a predetermined surface of the base material, deterioration and wear due to thermal shock of the joining tool are prevented. As a result, the durability can be improved and the life of the joining tool can be greatly extended.
In addition, since the resistance against the abrasion of the film of the joining tool is improved, the rotation speed of the joining tool can be increased to improve the efficiency of the joining operation. Furthermore, since the amount of heat generated by friction with the workpiece can be increased by the high-speed rotation of the welding tool, the stirring area of the workpiece can be expanded, and the bonding strength of the bonded portion of the workpiece can be improved. Furthermore, by forming a film made of aluminum nitride on the surface of the bonding tool, it is possible to prevent the entry of harmful tool constituent elements that cause a decrease in bonding strength into the bonded portion, thereby improving the bonding quality. It is also excellent in that it can be done.
また、接合ツールの皮膜は、少なくとも被接合物に接触する領域に形成され、被接合物との親和力の低い窒化アルミニウムからなるので、被接合物と接合ツールとの間の化学反応による摩耗を防止し、接合ツールの長寿命化を図ることができる。 In addition, the coating of the welding tool is formed at least in the area that contacts the workpiece and is made of aluminum nitride with a low affinity for the workpiece, thus preventing wear due to a chemical reaction between the workpiece and the welding tool. In addition, the life of the joining tool can be extended.
さらに、本発明の接合ツールの基材は、基材自体が耐熱衝撃性にすぐれているので、上記窒化アルミニウム皮膜との組み合わせによって、過酷な使用条件下における接合ツールの耐久性を予想外に向上させることができる。
また、前記接合部は、好ましくは、不活性ガス供給手段から供給される不活性ガスによって大気と遮断され、これにより、皮膜の酸化による接合ツールの劣化、損傷および剥離を効果的に防止することができる。
Furthermore, since the base material of the joining tool of the present invention is excellent in thermal shock resistance, the durability of the joining tool under severe use conditions is unexpectedly improved by combining with the above aluminum nitride film. Can be made.
Further, the joining portion is preferably shielded from the atmosphere by an inert gas supplied from an inert gas supply means, thereby effectively preventing deterioration, damage and peeling of the joining tool due to oxidation of the film. Can do.
さらに、接合ツールが耐熱衝撃性にすぐれるとともにその表面が窒化アルミニウムからなる皮膜によって覆われるので、前記接合ツールの被接合物に対する化学反応による熱衝撃による劣化や摩耗が防止される。このため、接合ツールの回転速度を大きくして被接合物の接合時間を短縮し、接合作業の効率を向上することができる。さらに、接合ツールの高速回転が可能となることによって、被接合物との接触による摩擦熱発生量が増加し、被接合物の撹拌領域が拡大されるので、被接合物間の接合強度が向上される。また皮膜が窒化アルミニウムからなることによって、接合ツールの摩耗が防止されるので、接合ツールを構成する元素の被接合物中への拡散による固溶を防止し、被接合物の接合部の強度低下を防止することができる。 Furthermore, since the bonding tool has excellent thermal shock resistance and the surface thereof is covered with a film made of aluminum nitride, deterioration and wear due to a thermal shock due to a chemical reaction of the bonding tool with respect to an object to be bonded can be prevented. For this reason, it is possible to increase the rotational speed of the joining tool, shorten the joining time of the objects to be joined, and improve the efficiency of the joining work. Furthermore, by enabling high-speed rotation of the welding tool, the amount of frictional heat generated by contact with the workpiece is increased, and the agitation area of the workpiece is expanded, so that the bonding strength between the workpieces is improved. Is done. Also, since the coating is made of aluminum nitride, wear of the welding tool is prevented, so that solid solution due to diffusion of elements constituting the welding tool into the workpiece is prevented, and the strength of the bonded portion of the workpiece is reduced. Can be prevented.
また、本発明の好ましい態様においては、前記接合部を不活性ガスによって大気と遮断することによって、皮膜の酸化による接合ツールの劣化、損傷および剥離などを防ぐことができる。 Moreover, in the preferable aspect of this invention, deterioration, damage, peeling, etc. of the joining tool by the oxidation of a film | membrane can be prevented by interrupting | blocking the said junction part with air | atmosphere by inert gas.
摩擦撹拌接合装置
図１は本発明の実施の一形態の摩擦撹拌接合装置１を示す正面図であり、図２は接合ツール４のピン部４８が被接合物２に没入した状態を示す一部の拡大断面図である。摩擦撹拌接合装置１は、鉄鋼材料からなる被接合物２の接合部３に、接合ツール４を回転させながら押し付けて、摩擦熱によって軟化した部分へ没入させ、この軟化した部分を撹拌して、被接合物２の接合部３を固相接合する装置本体５と、前記接合ツール４に向けて不活性ガスを供給する不活性ガス供給手段６とを含む。
Friction stir welding apparatus FIG. 1 is a front view showing a friction stir welding apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partial view showing a state in which a pin portion 48 of a welding tool 4 is immersed in a workpiece 2. FIG. The friction stir welding apparatus 1 presses the joining tool 4 while rotating the joining tool 4 against the joining portion 3 of the workpiece 2 made of a steel material, immerses the softened portion by frictional heat, and stirs the softened portion. The apparatus main body 5 which solid-phase-bonds the junction part 3 of the to-be-joined object 2 and the inert gas supply means 6 which supplies an inert gas toward the said joining tool 4 are included.
前記装置本体５は、軸線Ｌ１に沿って接合ツール４を移動させて被接合物２の接合部３をスポット接合するため、たとえば多関節ロボット７のロボットアーム８の手首９に設けられる。前記被接合物２は、自動車の車体および鉄道車両の構体などであって、相互に接合されるべき２枚の鋼板２ａ，２ｂからなる。 The apparatus main body 5 is provided, for example, on the wrist 9 of the robot arm 8 of the multi-joint robot 7 in order to spot-join the joining portion 3 of the workpiece 2 by moving the joining tool 4 along the axis L1. The to-be-joined object 2 is a body of an automobile, a structure of a railway vehicle, or the like, and includes two steel plates 2a and 2b to be joined to each other.
このような被接合物２を本実施の形態の摩擦撹拌接合装置１によって摩擦撹拌接合（Friction Stir Welding ：略称ＦＳＷ）して、スポット接合する場合について説明する。 A case will be described in which such a workpiece 2 is spot-welded by friction stir welding (abbreviated as FSW) by the friction stir welding apparatus 1 of the present embodiment.
前記装置本体５は、前記多関節ロボット７の手首９が複数のボルトなどによって着脱可能に設けられる取付体１１と、一側部に前記取付体１１が固定される基体１２と、基体１２に収容される昇降駆動源１３と、基体１２に収容される回転駆動源１４と、基体１２に前記軸線Ｌ１に沿って昇降可能に設けられる昇降体１５と、昇降体１５の下端部に突出して設けられるツール保持体１６と、ツール保持体１６の下端部から突出する撹拌ロッド１７と、撹拌ロッド１７に着脱可能に設けられる前記接合ツール４と、基体１２の前記一側部に固定される上端部から基体１２の下方に配置される下端部にわたって略Ｌ字状に屈曲した屈曲アーム１９と、屈曲アーム１９の下端部に設けられる受け台２０と、受け台２０に設けられ、接合ツール４の下方で被接合物２を支持する棒状の支持具２１と、前記多関節ロボット７、昇降駆動源１３、回転駆動源１４および不活性ガス供給手段６の動作を制御するロボットコントローラ２２とを含む。 The apparatus body 5 is housed in a base body 12 on which a wrist 9 of the articulated robot 7 is detachably provided by a plurality of bolts, a base body 12 on which the mounting body 11 is fixed on one side, and a base body 12. The raising / lowering drive source 13, the rotational drive source 14 accommodated in the base body 12, the raising / lowering body 15 provided on the base body 12 so as to be movable up and down along the axis L <b> 1, and the lower end portion of the raising / lowering body 15. From the tool holder 16, the stirring rod 17 protruding from the lower end of the tool holder 16, the joining tool 4 detachably provided on the stirring rod 17, and the upper end fixed to the one side of the base 12 A bent arm 19 bent in a substantially L shape over a lower end portion disposed below the base body 12, a cradle 20 provided at the lower end portion of the bent arm 19, and provided on the cradle 20, below the joining tool 4 In comprising a support 21 of the rod-like supporting the object to be joined 2, the articulated robot 7, lift driving source 13, and a robot controller 22 for controlling the operation of the rotary driving source 14 and inert gas supply means 6.
前記昇降駆動源１３は、サーボモータと、このサーボモータの回転力を昇降体１５に前記軸線Ｌ１の沿う上方および下方への直線移動力として伝達する昇降用動力伝達手段とによって構成される。前記昇降用動力伝達手段は、ボールねじ機構などによって実現される。また、前記回転駆動源１４は、サーボモータと、このサーボモータの回転力を撹拌ロッド１７の前記軸線Ｌ１まわりの回転として伝達する回転用動力伝達手段とによって構成される。前記回転用動力伝達手段は、タイミングベルトおよびこのタイミングベルトが巻き掛けられる複数のプーリなどによって実現される。 The elevating drive source 13 is constituted by a servo motor and elevating power transmission means for transmitting the rotational force of the servo motor to the elevating body 15 as an upward and downward linear moving force along the axis L1. The lifting power transmission means is realized by a ball screw mechanism or the like. The rotational drive source 14 includes a servo motor and a rotational power transmission means for transmitting the rotational force of the servo motor as the rotation of the stirring rod 17 around the axis L1. The rotational power transmission means is realized by a timing belt and a plurality of pulleys around which the timing belt is wound.
前記ロボットコントローラ２２は、パーソナルコンピュータおよびティーチングペンダントなどの入力装置から入力された指令に応答して、予め設定された動作プログラムを実行し、前記多関節ロボット７、昇降駆動源１３、回転駆動源１４および不活性ガス供給手段６を所定の動作条件に従って制御し、支持具２１上に供給された被接合物２をスポット接合するように構成される。 The robot controller 22 executes a preset operation program in response to a command input from an input device such as a personal computer or a teaching pendant, and the articulated robot 7, the lift drive source 13, the rotation drive source 14. The inert gas supply means 6 is controlled in accordance with predetermined operating conditions, and the workpiece 2 supplied on the support 21 is spot-bonded.
前記所定の動作条件は、たとえば接合ツール４の回転速度、接合部３への没入量、没入時間、押し付け力、ならびに不活性ガス供給手段６による不活性ガスの供給開始および供給停止などである。このようなロボットコントローラ２２もまた、コンピュータによって実現され、前記動作プログラムが記憶された記憶装置、主制御装置および出力装置などを含む。 The predetermined operating conditions include, for example, the rotational speed of the welding tool 4, the amount of immersion in the joint 3, the immersion time, the pressing force, and the start and stop of supply of inert gas by the inert gas supply means 6. Such a robot controller 22 is also realized by a computer, and includes a storage device in which the operation program is stored, a main control device, an output device, and the like.
前記不活性ガス供給手段６は、不活性ガスであるたとえばＡｒガスが充填された圧力容器および圧力・流量調整ユニットなどによって実現され、圧力容器の容器弁から吐出される前記不活性ガスを、前記ロボットコントローラ２２からの制御信号によって所定の流量および二次圧力で流出することができる不活性ガス供給源２７と、ツール保持体１６の下端部に気密に装着され、撹拌ロッド１７の前記ツール保持体１６から下方へ突出する部分および接合ツール４を外囲する略円筒状のカバー体２８と、このカバー体２８に接続されるニップル２９と、ニップル２９に不活性ガス供給源２７から吐出される不活性ガスを導くガス誘導管３０と、ツール保持体１６およびカバー体２８間に介在される円筒状のシール部材３１とを有する。 The inert gas supply means 6 is realized by a pressure vessel filled with, for example, Ar gas, which is an inert gas, and a pressure / flow rate adjusting unit, and the inert gas discharged from the vessel valve of the pressure vessel An inert gas supply source 27 that can flow out at a predetermined flow rate and a secondary pressure by a control signal from the robot controller 22, and the tool holder of the stirring rod 17 are hermetically attached to the lower end of the tool holder 16. 16 and a substantially cylindrical cover body 28 surrounding the joining tool 4, a nipple 29 connected to the cover body 28, and a nipple 29 discharged from an inert gas supply source 27. It has a gas guide pipe 30 for guiding the active gas, and a cylindrical seal member 31 interposed between the tool holder 16 and the cover body 28.
前記カバー体２８は、直円筒状の胴部３２と、胴部３２の軸線方向一端部に連なり、胴部３２から離反するにつれて直径が減少する円錐台状の案内部３３とを有する。胴部３２の軸線方向他端部は、ツール保持体１６の下端部を外囲するように装着され、複数のボルトなどによって前記シール部材３１とともに前記ツール保持体１６の下端部に着脱可能に取り付けられる。 The cover body 28 includes a cylindrical body 32 having a right cylindrical shape, and a guide portion 33 having a truncated cone shape that is connected to one end of the body 32 in the axial direction and decreases in diameter as the distance from the body 32 increases. The other end portion in the axial direction of the body portion 32 is mounted so as to surround the lower end portion of the tool holding body 16 and is detachably attached to the lower end portion of the tool holding body 16 together with the seal member 31 with a plurality of bolts or the like. It is done.
このようなカバー体２８は、たとえば高温の溶融金属の飛沫の付着などによる損傷を防止するため、アルミニウム合金からなってもよく、また交換が容易で軽量なエンジニアリングプラスチックなどの汎用合成樹脂からなってもよく、さらに接合ツール４などの高速回転に伴なう振動に対する疲労による破損を防止するため、繊維強化プラスチック（略称ＦＲＰ）からなってもよい。 Such a cover body 28 may be made of an aluminum alloy, for example, to prevent damage due to adhesion of high-temperature molten metal droplets, or made of general-purpose synthetic resin such as engineering plastic that is easy to replace and lightweight. Furthermore, in order to prevent damage due to fatigue due to vibration associated with high-speed rotation of the joining tool 4 or the like, it may be made of fiber reinforced plastic (abbreviated as FRP).
前記案内部３３の被接合物２に対向する端面３４は、前記胴部３２の軸線に垂直な仮想一平面に平行である。また被接合物２は、棒状の支持具２１に支持された状態で、支持具２１の軸線に垂直な仮想一平面に平行に配置される。この支持具２１の軸線は前記接合ツール４の軸線Ｌ２に垂直である。 An end surface 34 of the guide portion 33 that faces the workpiece 2 is parallel to a virtual plane that is perpendicular to the axis of the body portion 32. In addition, the workpiece 2 is arranged in parallel to a virtual plane perpendicular to the axis of the support 21 while being supported by the rod-shaped support 21. The axis of the support 21 is perpendicular to the axis L2 of the joining tool 4.
このような状態で、前記案内部３３の端面３４は、被接合物２の上面に対して僅かな間隔ΔＬをあけて離間している。この間隔ΔＬは、１〜３ｍｍに選ばれる。前記胴部３２の軸線は、前記接合ツール４の軸線Ｌ２と共通な一直線上に存在する。 In such a state, the end surface 34 of the guide portion 33 is separated from the upper surface of the workpiece 2 with a slight space ΔL. This interval ΔL is selected to be 1 to 3 mm. The axis of the trunk portion 32 exists on a straight line common to the axis L2 of the welding tool 4.
前記ツール保持体１６の下端面１６ａと被接合物２の上面２ｃ（すなわち上方の鋼板２ａの上面）との間には、前記カバー体２８によって環状の空間Ｓが形成され、この空間Ｓには前記ニップル２９から不活性ガスをたとえば２５リットル／分で供給して、大気圧よりも僅かに高い圧力に保ち、大気の浸入が阻止された不活性ガス雰囲気とし、接合ツール４によって被接合物２の接合部３を摩擦撹拌接合が行なわれる。 An annular space S is formed by the cover body 28 between the lower end surface 16a of the tool holder 16 and the upper surface 2c of the workpiece 2 (that is, the upper surface of the upper steel plate 2a). An inert gas is supplied from the nipple 29 at a rate of, for example, 25 liters / minute to maintain a pressure slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure, and an inert gas atmosphere in which intrusion of air is prevented is performed. Friction stir welding is performed on the joint 3.
このとき、空間Ｓ内にニップル２９から供給された不活性ガスは、胴部３２よりも流路断面積が減少する案内部３３に導かれて、カバー体２８と被接合物２と間の前記間隔ΔＬの隙間から微小な流量で漏洩し、これによってカバー体２８内の空間Ｓ、特に接合ツール４の周囲は不活性ガスによって常に充たされた状態に保たれるので、図４に関連して後述するように、基材５１の表面が皮膜５０によって覆われた接合ツール４を回転させながら被接合物２に押し付け、接合ツール４と被接合物２との間で発生した摩擦熱によって接合部３が軟化し、この軟化した部分を撹拌して接合部３が固相接合されるが、接合部３は不活性ガスによって大気と遮断されているので、前記皮膜５０の酸化接合ツール４の劣化、損傷および剥離などを防ぐことができる。 At this time, the inert gas supplied from the nipple 29 into the space S is guided to the guide portion 33 whose flow passage cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the body portion 32, and the gap between the cover body 28 and the article 2 to be joined is introduced. Leakage from the gap of the interval ΔL with a minute flow rate, and as a result, the space S in the cover body 28, especially the periphery of the welding tool 4, is always kept filled with the inert gas. As will be described later, the bonding tool 4 whose surface of the base material 51 is covered with the film 50 is pressed against the workpiece 2 while rotating, and is bonded by frictional heat generated between the welding tool 4 and the workpiece 2. The portion 3 is softened, and the softened portion is agitated to solid-phase join the joint 3. However, since the joint 3 is shielded from the atmosphere by an inert gas, Prevent deterioration, damage and peeling It can be.
本実施の形態では、前記ニップル２９をカバー体２８の胴部３２の軸線方向のほぼ中央部の１個所に軸線Ｌ１に向けて設ける構成を例示したが、本発明の実施の他の形態では、前記ニップル２９を胴部３２に軸線Ｌ２に向けて周方向に等間隔をあけて複数箇所、たとえば２〜３箇所に設けるようにしてもよく、１〜３箇所に撹拌ロッド１７と胴部３２との間に向けて傾斜して設けるようにしてもよく、さらに１〜３箇所に直接、接合部３または接合ツール４に向けて不活性ガスが噴射されるように設けるようにしてもよい。 In the present embodiment, the configuration in which the nipple 29 is provided in the central portion of the axial direction of the body portion 32 of the cover body 28 toward the axis L1 is illustrated, but in another embodiment of the present invention, The nipple 29 may be provided at a plurality of locations, for example, 2 to 3 locations at equal intervals in the circumferential direction toward the axis L2 on the barrel portion 32. The stirring rod 17 and the barrel portion 32 are provided at 1 to 3 locations. It may be provided so as to incline toward each other, and may be provided so that an inert gas is jetted directly toward the bonding portion 3 or the bonding tool 4 at one to three positions.
また、本発明の実施のさらに他の形態では、前記ニップル２９に代えてノズルを用いるようにしてもよい。前記ノズルを用いることによって、不活性ガスの供給方向に指向性を持たせ、摩擦撹拌が開始される直前にノズルから接合部３に向けて噴射し、短時間で接合ツール４の周囲の空間を不活性ガス雰囲気とし、高温部と大気との接触を阻止するようにしてもよい。 In still another embodiment of the present invention, a nozzle may be used instead of the nipple 29. By using the nozzle, the supply direction of the inert gas has directivity, and the nozzle is jetted from the nozzle toward the joint 3 immediately before the friction stirring is started. An inert gas atmosphere may be used to prevent contact between the high temperature part and the atmosphere.
図３は接合ツール４の撹拌ロッド１７への取り付け構造を示す斜視図であり、図３（１）は接合ツール４を撹拌ロッド１７から分離した状態を示し、図３（２）は接合ツール４が撹拌ロッド１７に取り付けられた状態を示す。撹拌ロッド１７は、円柱状に形成され、その下端部４０には外ねじ４１が刻設された嵌合部４２が形成される。嵌合部４２には、接合ツール４が部分的に嵌合する嵌合凹所４３が形成される。また嵌合部４２には、前記外ねじ４１に螺合する内ねじ４４が刻設された固定具４５が螺着される。 FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a structure for attaching the welding tool 4 to the stirring rod 17, FIG. 3 (1) shows a state where the welding tool 4 is separated from the stirring rod 17, and FIG. Shows a state of being attached to the stirring rod 17. The stirring rod 17 is formed in a columnar shape, and a fitting portion 42 in which an external screw 41 is engraved is formed at a lower end portion 40 thereof. The fitting portion 42 is formed with a fitting recess 43 into which the joining tool 4 is partially fitted. The fitting portion 42 is screwed with a fixture 45 in which an inner screw 44 that is screwed into the outer screw 41 is engraved.
前記外ねじ４１および内ねじ４４は、撹拌ロッド１７の回転方向とは逆方向に固定具４５が回転することによって締め付けられるように形成され、接合ツール４が被接合物２から回転方向とは逆方向の反力を受けて、この反力によって固定具４５が接合中に緩むことがないように構成されている。また、嵌合凹所４３は、撹拌ロッド１７の軸線Ｌ２に同軸に形成され、この軸線Ｌ２に垂直な断面形状が正方形とされ、嵌合凹所４３に嵌合した接合ツール４のとも回りを防止している。 The outer screw 41 and the inner screw 44 are formed so as to be tightened by rotating the fixing tool 45 in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the stirring rod 17, and the bonding tool 4 is reverse to the rotation direction from the workpiece 2. The fixing tool 45 is configured not to loosen during joining by receiving the reaction force in the direction. Further, the fitting recess 43 is formed coaxially with the axis L2 of the stirring rod 17, the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axis L2 is a square, and the joint tool 4 fitted into the fitting recess 43 also rotates around. It is preventing.
接合ツール４は、装着部４６と、ショルダ部４７と、ピン部４８とを有する。ショルダ部４７は、装着部４６に連なり、ピン部４８はショルダ部４７に連なって一体的に形成される。ショルダ部４７とピン部４８とは、円柱状または円錐状に形成され、ショルダ部４７よりもピン部４８の直径が小さく形成される。これらのショルダ部４７およびピン部４８は、本実施の形態では同軸に形成されるが、本発明の実施の他の形態ではピン部４８がショルダ部４７に対して偏心した軸線上に形成されてもよい。 The joining tool 4 includes a mounting portion 46, a shoulder portion 47, and a pin portion 48. The shoulder portion 47 is continuous with the mounting portion 46, and the pin portion 48 is continuously formed with the shoulder portion 47. The shoulder portion 47 and the pin portion 48 are formed in a columnar shape or a conical shape, and the diameter of the pin portion 48 is smaller than that of the shoulder portion 47. The shoulder portion 47 and the pin portion 48 are formed coaxially in the present embodiment, but in another embodiment of the present invention, the pin portion 48 is formed on an axis that is eccentric with respect to the shoulder portion 47. Also good.
装着部４６は、撹拌ロッド１７の嵌合凹所４３に緩やかに嵌合可能に形成される。装着部４６の形状は、嵌合凹所４３が略直方体状の空間に対応させて略直方体形状に形成され、軸線Ｌ２に垂直な断面形状が正方形とされる。これらのショルダ部４７およびピン部４８の直径および軸線方向の寸法は、被接合材の材質、接合条件、接合強度および接合跡の形状などを考慮して、最適な値に予め決定される。たとえばショルダ部４７の直径は１０ｍｍに設定され、ピン部４８の直径は４ｍｍに設定される。 The mounting portion 46 is formed so that it can be gently fitted into the fitting recess 43 of the stirring rod 17. As for the shape of the mounting portion 46, the fitting recess 43 is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape corresponding to the substantially rectangular parallelepiped space, and the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axis L2 is a square. The diameter and axial dimension of the shoulder part 47 and the pin part 48 are determined in advance in consideration of the material of the material to be joined, the joining conditions, the joining strength, the shape of the joining mark, and the like. For example, the diameter of the shoulder portion 47 is set to 10 mm, and the diameter of the pin portion 48 is set to 4 mm.
装着部４６が嵌合凹所４３に緩やかに嵌合した状態では、図３（２）に示されるように、ショルダ部４７は、部分的に撹拌ロッド１７から突出し、またピン部４８はショルダ部４７から突出している。
固定具４５は、撹拌ロッド１７の先端部４０に着脱可能に形成される。固定具４５には、貫通孔４９が形成され、この貫通孔４９から接合ツール４のショルダ部４７の一部とピン部４８とが突出し、装着部４６の前記ショルダ部４７の周囲の四隅が固定具４５によって押えられ、接合ツール４が撹拌ロッド１７の下端部４０に装着される。
In a state in which the mounting portion 46 is loosely fitted in the fitting recess 43, as shown in FIG. 3 (2), the shoulder portion 47 partially projects from the stirring rod 17, and the pin portion 48 is the shoulder portion. 47 protrudes.
The fixture 45 is detachably formed on the tip 40 of the stirring rod 17. A through hole 49 is formed in the fixture 45, and a part of the shoulder portion 47 of the welding tool 4 and the pin portion 48 protrude from the through hole 49, and the four corners around the shoulder portion 47 of the mounting portion 46 are fixed. The joining tool 4 is attached to the lower end portion 40 of the stirring rod 17 by being pressed by the tool 45.
接合ツール４を撹拌ロッド１７に装着した状態では、装着部４６および嵌合凹所４３が直方体形状に形成されるので、接合ツール４が接合時に被接合物２から回転方向とは逆方向に大きな反力を受けても、接合ツール４が撹拌ロッド１７の軸線Ｌ２まわりに角変位することが阻止される。また、接合ツール４は固定具４５によって撹拌ロッド１７の下端部４０に保持されるので、撹拌ロッド１７から固定具４５を螺退させて分離することによって、接合ツール４が損耗した場合に、新しい接合ツール４に交換することができる。
このような接合ツール４は、後述する窒化ケイ素（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）を主成分とする材料からなり、焼結することによって装着部４６、ショルダ部４７およびピン部４８が一体に形成され、これらの表面には後述するように皮膜５０が形成される。前記撹拌ロッド１７および固定具４５は、たとえばＳＫＤ−６１などの工具鋼によって形成される。
In the state in which the welding tool 4 is mounted on the stirring rod 17, the mounting portion 46 and the fitting recess 43 are formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, so that the bonding tool 4 is large in the direction opposite to the rotation direction from the workpiece 2 during bonding. Even if the reaction force is received, the joining tool 4 is prevented from being angularly displaced around the axis L2 of the stirring rod 17. In addition, since the joining tool 4 is held by the lower end portion 40 of the stirring rod 17 by the fixing tool 45, when the joining tool 4 is worn out by screwing the fixing tool 45 away from the stirring rod 17, the new tool 45 is renewed. The welding tool 4 can be exchanged.
Such a joining tool 4 is made of a material mainly composed of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), which will be described later, and the mounting portion 46, the shoulder portion 47, and the pin portion 48 are integrally formed by sintering. As described later, a film 50 is formed on the surface. The stirring rod 17 and the fixture 45 are made of tool steel such as SKD-61, for example.
摩擦撹拌接合用ツール
図４は接合ツール４の一部の拡大断面図である。前記接合ツール４の少なくとも被接合物２に接触する領域であるショルダ部４７およびピン部４８を含む全表面には、被接合物２に対して耐摩耗性の高い材料である窒化アルミニウム（ＡｌＮ）からなる皮膜５０が形成される。このような皮膜５０が形成される基材５１は、後述する窒化ケイ素を主成分とする硬質材料からなり、その表面に前記皮膜５０が化学的蒸着法（Chemical Vapor Deposition、略称ＣＶＤ）、物理的蒸着法（Physical Vapor Deposition、略称ＰＶＤ）および溶射法を用いて形成することができる。前記皮膜５０の厚さΔＴは、たとえば、通常、３０μｍ〜１００μｍの範囲が好ましい。
Friction stir welding tool FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the welding tool 4. Aluminum nitride (AlN), which is a material having high wear resistance with respect to the workpiece 2, is formed on the entire surface including the shoulder portion 47 and the pin portion 48 which are at least the regions that contact the workpiece 2 of the welding tool 4. A film 50 made of is formed. The base material 51 on which such a film 50 is formed is made of a hard material whose main component is silicon nitride, which will be described later. The film 50 is formed on the surface of the base material 51 by chemical vapor deposition (abbreviated as CVD), physical It can be formed using a vapor deposition method (Physical Vapor Deposition, abbreviated as PVD) and a thermal spraying method. For example, the thickness ΔT of the film 50 is usually preferably in the range of 30 μm to 100 μm.
本発明の接合ツールは、基材が、窒化ホウ素：０．３〜１０重量％、窒化クロムおよび／または炭化クロム：０．５〜８重量％、窒化チタン：０．１〜２重量％、残部：窒化ケイ素および不可避的成分によって構成される。
さらに、本発明においては、上記基材がさらに窒化アルミニウムを０．２〜３０重量％含んでいてもよい。
窒化ホウ素（ＢＮ）は、耐熱衝撃性を向上させる成分として存在し、その含有量が０．３重量％未満ではその効果が乏しく、一方、１０重量％を超えると、逆に基材の強度が低下する傾向が生じ、耐熱衝撃性の向上に寄与しなくなる。窒化ホウ素のさらに好ましい含有量は０．４〜７．０重量％であり、最も好ましくは、０．５〜４．０重量％である。
窒化クロム（ＣｒＮ）および／または炭化クロム（ＣｒＣ）も耐熱衝撃性を向上させるために有効な成分であり、
０．５〜８重量％の範囲で存在し、好ましくは０．７〜６．０重量％であり、最も好ましくは、１．０〜４．０重量％である。含有量が０．５重量％未満では、その効果が乏しく、一方、８重量％を超えると、焼結性に悪影響が生じ、熱衝撃に対する割れの発生をもたらすため、この範囲に限定することが肝要である。窒化クロム（ＣｒＮ）と炭化クロム（ＣｒＣ）はそれぞれ単独で含有することもでき、併用的に含有することもできる。
これらの成分の存在によって、耐熱衝撃性が飛躍的に向上する理由は必ずしも明かではないが、窒化クロム（ＣｒＮ）および／または炭化クロム（ＣｒＣ）の含有によって焼結後の組織中に微孔（２０〜４０μｍ程度）が形成され、この微孔の存在によって熱衝撃に対する抵抗性が増大すると考えられる。また、表面にも微孔が形成されるため、窒化アルミニウム皮膜層との密着性が向上する効果も生じていると推測される。
窒化チタン（ＴｉＮ）は、焼結性を促進する効果がある。特に、本発明者の知見によれば、上記の窒化ホウ素、窒化クロムおよび／または炭化クロムが含有されていると基材の強度が低下する傾向が見られるが、窒化チタンが存在することによって、このような強度低下を防止することができる。窒化チタンの含有量の範囲は、０．１〜２重量％であり、好ましくは０．２〜１．８重量％であり、最も好ましくは、０．３〜１．５重量％である。含有量が０．１重量％未満では、その効果が乏しく、一方、２重量％を超えると、その効果は飽和するため、経済性の観点からこの範囲に制限されることが好ましい。
In the bonding tool of the present invention, the base material is boron nitride: 0.3 to 10% by weight, chromium nitride and / or chromium carbide: 0.5 to 8% by weight, titanium nitride: 0.1 to 2% by weight, and the balance : Consists of silicon nitride and inevitable components.
In the present invention, the base material may further contain 0.2 to 30% by weight of aluminum nitride.
Boron nitride (BN) is present as a component that improves thermal shock resistance, and its effect is poor when its content is less than 0.3% by weight, whereas when it exceeds 10% by weight, the strength of the substrate is conversely increased. It tends to decrease and does not contribute to the improvement of thermal shock resistance. The more preferable content of boron nitride is 0.4 to 7.0% by weight, and most preferably 0.5 to 4.0% by weight.
Chromium nitride (CrN) and / or chromium carbide (CrC) are also effective components for improving thermal shock resistance,
It exists in the range of 0.5-8 weight%, Preferably it is 0.7-6.0 weight%, Most preferably, it is 1.0-4.0 weight%. If the content is less than 0.5% by weight, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 8% by weight, the sinterability is adversely affected and cracking occurs due to thermal shock. It is essential. Chromium nitride (CrN) and chromium carbide (CrC) can be contained alone or in combination.
The reason why the thermal shock resistance is remarkably improved by the presence of these components is not necessarily clear, but the inclusion of chromium nitride (CrN) and / or chromium carbide (CrC) causes micropores ( It is considered that the resistance to thermal shock is increased by the presence of the micropores. Moreover, since micropores are also formed on the surface, it is presumed that the effect of improving the adhesion with the aluminum nitride film layer is also produced.
Titanium nitride (TiN) has the effect of promoting sinterability. In particular, according to the knowledge of the present inventor, when the boron nitride, chromium nitride and / or chromium carbide is contained, the strength of the base material tends to decrease, but by the presence of titanium nitride, Such a decrease in strength can be prevented. The content range of titanium nitride is 0.1 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 1.8% by weight, and most preferably 0.3 to 1.5% by weight. When the content is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect is poor. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 2% by weight, the effect is saturated, so that it is preferably limited to this range from the viewpoint of economy.
本発明の好ましい態様においては、窒化アルミニウム（ＡｌＮ）を０．２〜３０重量％の範囲で含有させることができる。窒化アルミニウムの存在は、基材に被覆する窒化アルミニウム皮膜層との密着性を向上させる上で好ましい。また、焼結性を促進し、熱伝導性を向上させる上でも好ましい。含有量の範囲は、０．２〜３０重量％であり、好ましくは０．３〜２０重量％であり、最も好ましくは、０．５〜１５重量％である。含有量が０．２重量％未満では、その効果が乏しく、一方、３０重量％を超えてもその効果は飽和するため、経済性の観点からこの範囲に制限されることが好ましい。
本発明の接合ツールを構成する基材において、残部は、窒化ケイ素（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）および不可避的成分によって構成される。この場合の不可避的成分としては、イットリア、アルミナなどであり、これらの成分は、通常、不可避的に窒化ケイ素原料に含まれていることが多い。
なお、本発明においては、上記各成分の含有量は、成形ならびに焼結後の基材の構成成分として認められる化学種の含有量を意味する。
In the preferable aspect of this invention, aluminum nitride (AlN) can be contained in 0.2-30 weight%. The presence of aluminum nitride is preferable for improving the adhesion with the aluminum nitride film layer coated on the substrate. Moreover, it is preferable also in terms of promoting sinterability and improving thermal conductivity. The range of the content is 0.2 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 20% by weight, and most preferably 0.5 to 15% by weight. If the content is less than 0.2% by weight, the effect is poor. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 30% by weight, the effect is saturated. Therefore, it is preferably limited to this range from the viewpoint of economy.
In the base material constituting the joining tool of the present invention, the balance is composed of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and inevitable components. Inevitable components in this case include yttria and alumina, and these components are usually inevitably contained in the silicon nitride raw material in many cases.
In the present invention, the content of each of the above components means the content of chemical species recognized as a constituent component of the base material after molding and sintering.
本発明の接合ツールの基材は、粉末成形や樹脂を用いる射出成形などの公知の方法によって所望形状に成形して製造することができる。
具体的には、次のような成形工程に従って、製造することができる。
例えば、ペレット状にした窒化ケイ素（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）原料を射出成型機で加熱溶融し、圧力を加えて金型に注入する。次いで一定時間冷却した後、金型から取り出す。なお、窒化ケイ素（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）原料とは、窒化ケイ素（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）粉末と熱可塑性高分子材料、油脂類等とを加熱混合し、ペレット状にしたものである。
The base material of the joining tool of the present invention can be manufactured by molding into a desired shape by a known method such as powder molding or injection molding using a resin.
Specifically, it can be produced according to the following molding process.
For example, pelletized silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) raw material is heated and melted with an injection molding machine, and pressure is applied to the mold. Then, after cooling for a certain time, it is removed from the mold. The silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) raw material is obtained by heating and mixing silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) powder, a thermoplastic polymer material, oils and fats, and the like into a pellet form.
上記基材の表面に被覆する窒化アルミニウムは、熱伝導率１７０〜１８０Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ、熱膨張係数５×１０−６／℃、モース硬さ９の材料であり、被接合物２として用いる鉄鋼材料に対して高温度であっても化学反応がなく、あるいは極めて少ない材料として採用することができる。
次に、接合ツール４の表面に前記皮膜５０を形成するための手法について述べる。
図５は皮膜５０を有する接合ツール４を形成する方法を説明するためのフローチャートである。
図６は表面に皮膜５０が一体的に形成された接合ツール４を作製するまでの各工程を模式的に示す図であり、図６（１）は皮膜５０を形成する基材５１を示し、図６（２）は基材５１に予備皮膜５０ａを形成した状態を示し、図６（３）は予備皮膜５０ａを基材５１に加熱処理によって一体化した状態を示し、図６（４）は予備皮膜５０ａを基材５１に一体化して接合ツール４が完成した状態を示す。
まず、ステップｓ１で、図６（１）に示されるように、窒化ケイ素からなる接合ツール４の基材５１を準備し、ステップｓ２で、この基材５１のピン部４８およびショルダ部４７の表面に、図６（２）に示されるように、アルミニウム系材料からなる予備皮膜５０ａを形成する。アルミニウム系材料としては、純アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金を用いるようにしてもよい。
The aluminum nitride coated on the surface of the base material is a material having a thermal conductivity of 170 to 180 W / m · k, a thermal expansion coefficient of 5 × 10 −6 / ° C., and a Mohs hardness of 9, and is used as the workpiece 2 Even if the temperature of the material is high, there is no chemical reaction or the material can be adopted as a very small amount.
Next, a method for forming the film 50 on the surface of the joining tool 4 will be described.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining a method of forming the joining tool 4 having the film 50.
FIG. 6 is a view schematically showing each process until the bonding tool 4 in which the film 50 is integrally formed on the surface, and FIG. 6 (1) shows the base material 51 on which the film 50 is formed, 6 (2) shows a state in which the preliminary film 50a is formed on the base material 51, FIG. 6 (3) shows a state in which the preliminary film 50a is integrated with the base material 51 by heat treatment, and FIG. The state in which the preliminary | backup film | membrane 50a is integrated with the base material 51 and the joining tool 4 was completed is shown.
First, in step s1, as shown in FIG. 6 (1), the base material 51 of the bonding tool 4 made of silicon nitride is prepared, and in step s2, the surface of the pin portion 48 and the shoulder portion 47 of the base material 51 is prepared. Then, as shown in FIG. 6 (2), a preliminary film 50a made of an aluminum-based material is formed. As the aluminum-based material, pure aluminum or aluminum alloy may be used.
予備皮膜５０ａを形成する方法としては、前記アルミニウム系材料の粉末を接合ツール４に塗布してもよく、あるいはアルミニウム箔を被せてもよく、さらにアルミニウム系材料に対して接合ツール４を回転させながら圧入することによって接合ツール４の表面に予備皮膜を形成するようにしてもよい。
こうして、ステップｓ３で窒化ケイ素（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）からなる基材５１の表面に予備皮膜５０ａを形成してプレコート処理が完了すると、ステップｓ４で前記プレコートした基材５１を、常圧または加圧された窒素雰囲気中で加熱処理し、図６（３）に示されるように、窒化アルミニウム（ＡｌＮ）から成る皮膜５０を形成するとともに、皮膜５０と基材５１とを拡散によって一体化させ、ステップｓ４で図６（４）に示されるように、基材５１に皮膜５０が一体化した接合ツール４が完成する。
なお、上記工程においては、基材と皮膜の密着性を向上させるために、窒化アルミニウム皮膜の形成に際して、基材の表面を粗面化したり、窒化アルミニウム皮膜の形成に際してＨＩＰ処理を施すこともできる。
As a method of forming the preliminary film 50a, the powder of the aluminum-based material may be applied to the bonding tool 4, or may be covered with an aluminum foil, and the bonding tool 4 is rotated with respect to the aluminum-based material. A preliminary coating may be formed on the surface of the joining tool 4 by press-fitting.
In this way, when the preliminary coating 50a is formed on the surface of the base material 51 made of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) in step s3 and the pre-coating process is completed, the pre-coated base material 51 is pressurized to normal pressure or pressure in step s4. Heat treatment in the nitrogen atmosphere thus formed, and as shown in FIG. 6 (3), a film 50 made of aluminum nitride (AlN) is formed, and the film 50 and the substrate 51 are integrated by diffusion, As shown in FIG. 6 (4) in s4, the joining tool 4 in which the film 50 is integrated with the base material 51 is completed.
In the above step, in order to improve the adhesion between the base material and the film, the surface of the base material can be roughened when the aluminum nitride film is formed, or the HIP treatment can be performed when the aluminum nitride film is formed. .
実施例
酸化イットリウム（Ｙ２Ｏ３）、Ａｌ２Ｏ３等の成分を配合してある市販の窒化ケイ素（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）粉末に、窒化ホウ素（ＢＮ）を２．０重量％、窒化クロム（ＣｒＮ）を１．５重量％、窒化アルミニウム（ＡｌＮ）を０．５重量％、窒化チタン（ＴｉＮ）を０．３重量％混合し、窒化ケイ素粉末と同様の水を加えて、窒化ケイ素製のボールミルで混合、分散した後、脱水して乾燥させた。
次いで、この混合物に、熱可塑性高分子材料および油脂類を加えて、押し出し成型機にて加熱混練してペレットを得た。
得られたペレット状の混合材料を射出成型機にて成形し、形成品中に含まれる熱可塑性高分子材料等を加熱分解した後、窒素雰囲気下で加圧焼成した。
Example Commercial silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) powder containing components such as yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), Al 2 O 3 , 2.0% by weight of boron nitride (BN), chromium nitride (CrN) 1.5 wt%, aluminum nitride (AlN) 0.5 wt%, titanium nitride (TiN) 0.3 wt% are mixed, and water similar to silicon nitride powder is added to make silicon nitride. After being mixed and dispersed by a ball mill, it was dehydrated and dried.
Next, a thermoplastic polymer material and fats and oils were added to this mixture, and the mixture was heated and kneaded with an extrusion molding machine to obtain pellets.
The obtained pellet-shaped mixed material was molded by an injection molding machine, and the thermoplastic polymer material and the like contained in the formed product were thermally decomposed, followed by pressure firing in a nitrogen atmosphere.
図７における分析部位は皮膜が形成されていない接合ツールによって２枚の鋼板を摩擦撹拌によってスポット接合したときの接合部の接合状態を示す光学顕微鏡写真であり、図中のマッピング結果の写真は、ツールのピンによって形成された上記分析部位のマッピング結果を示す。
図８は本発明の接合ツールによって２枚の鋼板を摩擦撹拌によってスポット接合したときの接合部の接合状態を示す光学顕微鏡写真であり、下方のマッピング結果は、図７と同様、分析部位について接合ツールの元素を電子線マイクロアナライザー（Electron Probe Micro Analyzer、略称ＥＰＭＡ）によって分析した結果であり、上記領域についてのＥＰＭＡ分析によるケイ素のマッピング結果を示す。これらの結果から、スケールの違いはあるものの、皮膜のないツールではＳｉの混入が認められるが、本発明によるツールによれば、接合部にＳｉの混入が実質的に認められないことが分かる。
The analysis site in FIG. 7 is an optical micrograph showing the joining state of the joint when two steel plates are spot-joined by friction stirring with a joining tool in which no film is formed, and the photograph of the mapping result in the figure is The mapping result of the said analysis site | part formed with the pin of the tool is shown.
FIG. 8 is an optical micrograph showing the joining state of the joint when two steel plates are spot-joined by friction stirring with the joining tool of the present invention, and the lower mapping result is the same as in FIG. It is the result of having analyzed the element of the tool with the electron beam microanalyzer (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer, abbreviation EPMA), and shows the mapping result of the silicon by EPMA analysis about the said area | region. From these results, it can be seen that although there is a difference in scale, mixing of Si is recognized in the tool without a film, but according to the tool of the present invention, mixing of Si is not substantially recognized in the joint.
図９は熱処理後の接合ツール４の基材５１と皮膜５０との界面付近の断面の測定範囲の態様を示す図であり、図１０は基材５１と皮膜５０との界面のアルミニウム（Ａｌ）に関するＥＰＭＡによる線分析結果を示すグラフであり、図１１は接合ツール４の基材５１と皮膜５０との界面近傍におけるＡｌとＳｉのＥＰＭＡによる線分析の結果である。図１０および図１１において、縦軸は測定強度を示し、横軸は試料の測定範囲Ｗの距離Ｄを示す。 FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an aspect of a measurement range of a cross section in the vicinity of the interface between the base material 51 and the film 50 of the bonding tool 4 after the heat treatment, and FIG. 10 shows aluminum (Al) at the interface between the base material 51 and the film 50. 11 is a graph showing the results of line analysis by EPMA, and FIG. 11 shows the results of line analysis by EPMA of Al and Si in the vicinity of the interface between the base material 51 and the coating 50 of the joining tool 4. 10 and 11, the vertical axis indicates the measurement intensity, and the horizontal axis indicates the distance D of the measurement range W of the sample.
図１０および図１１から明らかなように、界面近傍のアルミニウム（Ａｌ）およびケイ素（Ｓｉ）の組成が傾斜しており、アルミニウム（Ａｌ）と窒素（Ｓｉ）とが相互に原子拡散し、界面を挟んで基材５１と皮膜５０とが一体化されていることが確認された。 As is apparent from FIGS. 10 and 11, the composition of aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) in the vicinity of the interface is inclined, and aluminum (Al) and nitrogen (Si) are atomically diffused to each other, and the interface is It was confirmed that the base material 51 and the film 50 were integrated with each other.
図１２は皮膜５０のＸ線回折結果を示すグラフである。同図において、縦軸はＸ線回折強度（任意単位）であり、横軸は回折角（２θ）であり、窒化アルミニウム（ＡｌＮ）の回折強度が強く現われた複数のピークによって、皮膜５０の主成分が窒化アルミニウム（ＡｌＮ）によって構成されていることが確認された。 FIG. 12 is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction result of the film 50. In the figure, the vertical axis represents the X-ray diffraction intensity (arbitrary unit), the horizontal axis represents the diffraction angle (2θ), and a plurality of peaks in which the diffraction intensity of aluminum nitride (AlN) appears strongly, It was confirmed that the component was composed of aluminum nitride (AlN).
図１３は被接合物２に皮膜５０を形成した接合ツール４を用いて摩擦撹拌接合したときの接合時間と引張せん断強度との関係を示すグラフである。
接合ツール４の回転速度を２５００ｒｐｍおよび３５００ｒｐｍの高速回転で接合時間を１．０秒〜２．５秒に変化させて摩擦撹拌スポット接合した被接合物２を試験片として作製した。回転速度２５００ｒｐｍで接合して試験片は、約４５００Ｎ〜約４７００Ｎの引張せん断荷重を、また回転速度３５００ｒｐｍで接合した試験片は、約４７００Ｎ〜約５１５０Ｎの引張せん断荷重を付与したとき、破断した。
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the bonding time and the tensile shear strength when the friction stir welding is performed using the bonding tool 4 in which the film 50 is formed on the workpiece 2.
An object 2 to be bonded, which was subjected to friction stir spot welding with the rotation speed of the welding tool 4 changed at a high speed of 2500 rpm and 3500 rpm and the joining time from 1.0 second to 2.5 seconds, was produced as a test piece. The test piece joined at a rotational speed of 2500 rpm was broken when a tensile shear load of about 4500 N to about 4700 N was applied, and the test piece joined at a rotational speed of 3500 rpm was applied with a tensile shear load of about 4700 N to about 5150 N.
接合ツール４には窒化アルミニウム（ＡｌＮ）の皮膜５０が形成されるので、接合ツール４の回転速度を２５００ｒｐｍ〜３５００ｒｐｍの高速にすることができ、このような接合ツール４の高速化によって、被接合物２の引張せん断強度も向上されることが確認された。 Since the aluminum nitride (AlN) film 50 is formed on the bonding tool 4, the rotation speed of the bonding tool 4 can be increased to 2500 rpm to 3500 rpm. It was confirmed that the tensile shear strength of the product 2 was also improved.
図１４は摩擦撹拌接合の打点数とピン部４８の直径の減少量と関係を示すグラフである。同図において、皮膜５０を形成しない接合ツール４の直径の減少量を符合「◆」で示し、窒化チタン製皮膜５０を形成した接合ツール４の直径の減少量を符号「黒四角」で示し、アルミナ製皮膜５０を形成した接合ツール４の直径の減少量を符合「△」で示し、窒化アルミニウム製皮膜５０を形成した接合ツール４の直径の減少量を符合「○」で示す。 FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of striking points in friction stir welding and the amount of decrease in the diameter of the pin portion 48. In the drawing, the amount of decrease in the diameter of the bonding tool 4 not forming the coating 50 is indicated by the symbol “♦”, and the amount of decrease in the diameter of the bonding tool 4 forming the titanium nitride coating 50 is indicated by the symbol “black square”. The amount of decrease in the diameter of the bonding tool 4 on which the alumina film 50 is formed is indicated by a symbol “Δ”, and the amount of decrease in the diameter of the bonding tool 4 on which the aluminum nitride film 50 is formed is indicated by a symbol “◯”.
同図から明らかなように、窒化アルミニウム（ＡｌＮ）からなる皮膜５０を形成した接合ツール４は、皮膜５０を形成しないもの、窒化チタン（ＴｉＮ）からなる皮膜５０を形成したもの、およびアルミナからなる皮膜５０を形成したものに比べて、ピン部４８の摩耗は少なくとも打点数０〜３５００まではピン部４８の急激な摩耗は生じないことが確認された。 As can be seen from the figure, the bonding tool 4 in which the film 50 made of aluminum nitride (AlN) is formed is one that does not form the film 50, one that has the film 50 made of titanium nitride (TiN), and alumina. It was confirmed that the wear of the pin portion 48 does not cause abrupt wear of the pin portion 48 at least until the number of hit points is 0 to 3500, as compared with the case where the film 50 is formed.
このように接合ツール４に窒化アルミニウム（ＡｌＮ）からなる皮膜５０を形成することによって、耐摩耗性が向上し、接合ツール４の回転の高速化を図り、接合ツール４の構成元素の接合部への侵入を防止するとともに高い接合強度を得ることができる。また、スポット接合を繰返す場合には、接合ツール４は、接合時に高温となり、次の接合部３へ移動するときに低温となる状態を繰り返し、接合ツール４の温度変化が大きい。上述したように本実施の形態の接合ツール４は、耐熱衝撃性を有するので、急激な温度変化に耐えることができ、複数の接合部３へのスポット接合を繰返しても、接合ツール４として必要な強度を維持することができる。 By forming the coating 50 made of aluminum nitride (AlN) on the joining tool 4 in this way, the wear resistance is improved, the speed of rotation of the joining tool 4 is increased, and the constituent elements of the joining tool 4 are joined. Can be prevented and high bonding strength can be obtained. When the spot welding is repeated, the joining tool 4 is repeatedly heated to a high temperature at the time of joining and becomes a low temperature when moving to the next joining portion 3, and the temperature change of the joining tool 4 is large. As described above, the bonding tool 4 of the present embodiment has a thermal shock resistance, and therefore can withstand rapid temperature changes, and is necessary as the bonding tool 4 even when spot bonding to a plurality of bonding portions 3 is repeated. High strength can be maintained.
また、摩擦撹拌接合に当たって、ピン部４８を接合部３に充分に没入させて高速で回転させることが可能であるので、接合部３の摩擦撹拌領域を大きくし接合強度を高めることができる。 Further, in the friction stir welding, the pin portion 48 can be sufficiently immersed in the joint portion 3 and rotated at a high speed, so that the friction stir zone of the joint portion 3 can be enlarged and the joining strength can be increased.
図１５は、本発明の実施の他の形態である接合ツール１０４を示す斜視図である。接合ツール１０４は、前述の実施形態の接合ツール４と同様のショルダ部４７およびピン部４８を有し、装着部４６の形状が異なる。したがってショルダ部４７およびピン部４８については、重複を避けて説明は省略し、同一の参照符号を付す。 FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a welding tool 104 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The joining tool 104 has a shoulder portion 47 and a pin portion 48 similar to the joining tool 4 of the above-described embodiment, and the shape of the mounting portion 46 is different. Therefore, the shoulder portion 47 and the pin portion 48 are omitted from the description to avoid duplication, and are given the same reference numerals.
本実施の形態の接合ツール１０４において、装着部４６は、板状に形成され、軸線Ｌ２に垂直な断面形状が略小判状に形成される。このような装着部４６が嵌合する嵌合凹所４３は、装着部４６に緩やかに嵌合させることができるように、断面形状が装着部４６の形状に相似の略小判状の空間に形成される。これによって装着部４６が嵌合凹所３２に嵌合された状態で、接合ツール１０４が撹拌ロッド１７に対して軸線Ｌ２まわりに角変位することを阻止することができる。また固定具４５が装着部４６の軸線方向一方側端面に当接させて、装着部４６の軸線方向両端面が固定具４５と撹拌ロッド１７とによって挟持されることによって、接合ツール１０４の軸線方向の変位を阻止し、図１に示す第１の実施形態の接合ツール４と同様の効果を得ることができる。装着部４６は、断面形状がショルダ部４７の断面形状より大きく、固定具４５による撹拌ロッド１７への接合ツール１０４の押付け力が充分に大きければ、その断面形状は、円形形状に形成されてもよい。押付け力が充分に大きいことによって、接合ツール１０４が被接合物２に接触したときに生じる回転反力に抗することでき、軸線Ｌ２まわりの滑りを防いで接合ツール１０４を撹拌ロッド１７とともに一体に回転させることができる。 In the welding tool 104 of the present embodiment, the mounting portion 46 is formed in a plate shape, and a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axis L2 is formed in a substantially oval shape. The fitting recess 43 into which the mounting portion 46 is fitted is formed in a substantially oval space whose cross-sectional shape is similar to the shape of the mounting portion 46 so that the mounting recess 46 can be gently fitted. Is done. As a result, it is possible to prevent the joining tool 104 from being angularly displaced about the axis L <b> 2 with respect to the stirring rod 17 in a state where the mounting portion 46 is fitted in the fitting recess 32. Further, the fixing tool 45 is brought into contact with one end face in the axial direction of the mounting portion 46, and both end faces in the axial direction of the mounting portion 46 are sandwiched between the fixing tool 45 and the stirring rod 17, whereby the axial direction of the joining tool 104 is obtained. The same effect as that of the welding tool 4 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained. If the mounting portion 46 has a cross-sectional shape larger than that of the shoulder portion 47 and the pressing force of the joining tool 104 against the stirring rod 17 by the fixture 45 is sufficiently large, the cross-sectional shape may be formed in a circular shape. Good. Since the pressing force is sufficiently large, it is possible to resist the rotational reaction force generated when the welding tool 104 contacts the workpiece 2, and prevents the sliding around the axis L <b> 2, so that the welding tool 104 is integrated with the stirring rod 17. Can be rotated.
また固定具４５による撹拌ロッド１７への接合ツール１０４の押付け力が小さい場合であっても、装着部４６の軸線Ｌ２に垂直な断面形状を、たとえば多角形および楕円形などの軸線Ｌ２が通る中心から外周部までの距離が周方向に変化するような形状に形成すればよい。また後述する図１７〜図２１に示すように、固定具４５に凹凸を形成してもよい。このようにすることによって、接合ツール１０４が被接合物２に接触したときに生じる回転反力に抗することでき、撹拌ロッド１７に対する接合ツール１０４の滑りを防いで、接合ツール１０４を撹拌ロッド１７とともに一体に回転させることができる。 Further, even when the pressing force of the joining tool 104 against the stirring rod 17 by the fixing tool 45 is small, the center through which the axis L2 such as a polygon and an ellipse passes through a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axis L2 of the mounting portion 46. What is necessary is just to form in the shape where the distance from an outer peripheral part changes to the circumferential direction. Further, as shown in FIGS. 17 to 21 described later, irregularities may be formed on the fixture 45. By doing so, it is possible to resist the rotational reaction force that occurs when the welding tool 104 comes into contact with the workpiece 2 and prevents the welding tool 104 from slipping with respect to the stirring rod 17. And can be rotated together.
図１６は、本発明の実施のさらに他の形態である接合ツール２０４を示す斜視図である。接合ツール２０４は、装着部４６の両側に軸線Ｌ２と同軸に各複数のショルダ部４７Ａ，４７Ｂ；４８Ａ，４８Ｂが連なって一体的に形成される。詳述すると、接合ツール２０４は、装着部４６の軸線方向一側面から第１ショルダ部４７Ａが突出し、軸線方向他側面から第２ショルダ部４７Ｂが突出する。また第１ショルダ部４７Ａの端面から第１ピン部４８Ａが突出し、第２ショルダ部４７Ｂの端面から第２ピン部４８Ｂが突出する。各ショルダ部４７Ａ，４７Ｂおよび各ピン部４８Ａ，４８Ｂの形状については、前述の接合ツール４と同様であるので、説明は省略する。 FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing a welding tool 204 which is still another embodiment of the present invention. The joining tool 204 is integrally formed on both sides of the mounting portion 46 by connecting a plurality of shoulder portions 47A, 47B; 48A, 48B coaxially with the axis L2. Specifically, in the joining tool 204, the first shoulder portion 47A protrudes from one side surface in the axial direction of the mounting portion 46, and the second shoulder portion 47B protrudes from the other side surface in the axial direction. Further, the first pin portion 48A protrudes from the end surface of the first shoulder portion 47A, and the second pin portion 48B protrudes from the end surface of the second shoulder portion 47B. Since the shape of each shoulder part 47A, 47B and each pin part 48A, 48B is the same as that of the above-mentioned joining tool 4, description is abbreviate | omitted.
第３実施形態の撹拌ロッド１７の嵌合凹所３２は、装着部４６が緩やかに嵌合する形状に形成される。装着部４６が嵌合凹所３２に嵌合し、第１ショルダ部４７Ａおよび第１ピン部４８Ａが撹拌ロッド１７から突出した状態で、第２ショルダ部４７Ｂおよび第２ピン部４８Ｂが嵌合凹所３２に収容されるように形成される。すなわち嵌合凹所３２は、装着部４６が嵌合する嵌合領域と、２つのうち一方のショルダ部４７およびピン部４８を収容する収容領域とを含んで形成される。 The fitting recess 32 of the stirring rod 17 of the third embodiment is formed in a shape in which the mounting portion 46 fits gently. With the mounting portion 46 fitted into the fitting recess 32 and the first shoulder portion 47A and the first pin portion 48A protruding from the stirring rod 17, the second shoulder portion 47B and the second pin portion 48B are fitted into the fitting recess. It is formed so as to be accommodated in the place 32. That is, the fitting recess 32 is formed including a fitting region in which the mounting portion 46 is fitted, and an accommodation region in which one of the shoulder portion 47 and the pin portion 48 is accommodated.
収容領域は、嵌合領域よりも、断面形状が小さく形成されることによって、嵌合凹所３２に接合ツール２０４が嵌合された状態で、嵌合した部分が装着部４６の端面に当接する。この状態で、装着部４６の両端面が、固定具４５と撹拌ロッド１７とによって挟持される。これによって接合ツール２０４は、撹拌ロッド１７に対して固定され、前述の実施形態と同様の効果を得ることができる。 The accommodation area is formed to have a smaller cross-sectional shape than the fitting area, so that the fitted portion comes into contact with the end surface of the mounting portion 46 in a state where the joining tool 204 is fitted in the fitting recess 32. . In this state, both end surfaces of the mounting portion 46 are sandwiched between the fixture 45 and the stirring rod 17. As a result, the joining tool 204 is fixed to the stirring rod 17 and the same effect as in the above-described embodiment can be obtained.
さらに第１ショルダ部４７Ａおよび第１ピン部４８Ａのいずれかが磨耗すると、接合ツール２０４を反転して撹拌ロッド１７に再装着して用いることができる。再装着した状態では、装着部４６が嵌合凹所３２に嵌合し、第２ショルダ部４７Ｂおよび第２ピン部４８Ｂが撹拌ロッド１７から突出し、第１ショルダ部４７Ａおよび第１ピン部４８Ａが嵌合凹所３２に収容される。このように、本実施の形態では１つの接合ツール２０４によって、片側にのみピン部およびショルダ部を有する接合ツールに比べて、摩耗時のツール交換作業を簡素化し、メンテナンス性を向上することができる。 Further, when any one of the first shoulder portion 47A and the first pin portion 48A is worn, the joining tool 204 can be reversed and attached to the stirring rod 17 for use. In the remounted state, the mounting portion 46 is fitted into the fitting recess 32, the second shoulder portion 47B and the second pin portion 48B protrude from the stirring rod 17, and the first shoulder portion 47A and the first pin portion 48A are It is accommodated in the fitting recess 32. As described above, in this embodiment, the tool replacement operation at the time of wear can be simplified and the maintainability can be improved by one joining tool 204 as compared with the joining tool having the pin part and the shoulder part only on one side. .
前述した実施の各形態の接合ツールは、難接合部材である鉄鋼材料のスポット接合に好適に用いることができるが、難接合部材以外、たとえばアルミニウム材料およびアルミニウム合金材料などの接合にも適用することができる。またスポット接合以外にも用いてもよい。 The joining tool of each embodiment described above can be suitably used for spot joining of steel materials that are difficult-to-join members, but can also be applied to joining other than difficult-to-join members such as aluminum materials and aluminum alloy materials. Can do. Moreover, you may use other than spot joining.
また嵌合部３２と装着部２４との形状は発明の例示にすぎず、撹拌ロッド１７または固定具４５に接合ツールが装着可能な構造が、撹拌ロッド１７または固定具４５のいずれかと、接合ツール２２とに形成されていればよい。たとえば接合ツール４に嵌合凹所が形成され、撹拌ロッド１７または固定具４５に嵌合凹所に嵌合する嵌合部が形成されてもよい。また本実施の形態では、固定具４５を用いて接合ツールを撹拌ロッド１７に固定する構成について説明したが、固定具４５を用いずに、撹拌ロッド１７に接合ツールが直接固定されてもよい。たとえば接合ツールにねじ山が形成されてもよい。また接合装置５１の構成は、適宜変更可能であり、多関節ロボットによって搬送されなくてもよい。また接合装置５１に撹拌ロッド１７が固定される構成であってもよい。 Further, the shapes of the fitting portion 32 and the mounting portion 24 are merely examples of the invention, and the structure that allows the joining tool to be attached to the stirring rod 17 or the fixture 45 is combined with either the stirring rod 17 or the fixture 45 and the joining tool. 22 may be formed. For example, a fitting recess may be formed in the welding tool 4, and a fitting portion that fits in the fitting recess may be formed in the stirring rod 17 or the fixture 45. In the present embodiment, the configuration in which the joining tool is fixed to the stirring rod 17 using the fixing tool 45 has been described. However, the joining tool may be directly fixed to the stirring rod 17 without using the fixing tool 45. For example, a thread may be formed in the joining tool. Moreover, the structure of the joining apparatus 51 can be changed suitably, and does not need to be conveyed by the articulated robot. Moreover, the structure by which the stirring rod 17 is fixed to the joining apparatus 51 may be sufficient.
１ 摩擦撹拌接合装置
２ 被接合物
２ａ，２ｂ 鋼板
３ 接合部
４ 接合ツール
５ 装置本体
６ 不活性ガス供給手段
７ 多関節ロボット
８ ロボットアーム
１１ 取付体
１２ 基体
１３ 昇降駆動源
１４ 回転駆動源
１５ 昇降体
１６ ツール保持体
１７，６２１，８２１ 撹拌ロッド
１９ 屈曲アーム
２０ 受け台
２１ 支持具
２２ ロボットコントローラ
２７ 不活性ガス供給源
２８ カバー体
２９ ニップル
３０ ガス誘導管
Ｌ１，Ｌ２ 軸線
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Friction stir welding apparatus 2 To-be-joined object 2a, 2b Steel plate 3 Joining part 4 Joining tool 5 Apparatus main body 6 Inert gas supply means 7 Articulated robot 8 Robot arm 11 Attachment body 12 Base 13 Lift drive source 14 Rotation drive source 15 Lift Body 16 Tool holder 17,621,821 Stir rod 19 Bending arm 20 Base 21 Supporting tool 22 Robot controller 27 Inert gas supply source 28 Cover body 29 Nipple 30 Gas guide pipe L1, L2 Axis line
Claims (9)
前記接合ツールが、基材と、この基材の表面の少なくとも被接合物に接触する領域に形成された窒化アルミニウム皮膜とからなり、
前記接合ツールの前記基材が、
窒化ホウ素：０．３〜１０重量％、
窒化クロムおよび／または炭化クロム：０．５〜８重量％、
窒化チタン：０．１〜２重量％、
残部：窒化ケイ素および不可避的成分、
を含んでなることを特徴とする、摩擦撹拌接合装置。 Rotating and pressing the welding tool to the joint of the object to be joined, immersing at least a part of the welding tool into the softened part by frictional heat, and stirring the softened part A friction stir welding apparatus for solid phase joining,
The joining tool is composed of a base material and an aluminum nitride film formed in a region in contact with at least an object to be joined on the surface of the base material,
The substrate of the joining tool is
Boron nitride: 0.3 to 10% by weight,
Chromium nitride and / or chromium carbide: 0.5 to 8% by weight,
Titanium nitride: 0.1 to 2% by weight,
Balance: silicon nitride and inevitable components,
A friction stir welding apparatus comprising:
前記接合ツールが、基材と、この基材の表面の少なくとも被接合物に接触する領域に形成された窒化アルミニウム皮膜とからなり、
前記接合ツールの前記基材が、
窒化ホウ素：０．３〜１０重量％、
窒化クロムおよび／または炭化クロム：０．５〜８重量％、
窒化チタン：０．１〜２重量％、
残部：窒化ケイ素および不可避的成分、
を含んでなることを特徴とする、摩擦撹拌接合用ツール。 Rotating and pressing into the joint part of the object to be joined, immersing at least part of the joining tool into the part softened by frictional heat, and solidifying the joint part of the object to be joined while stirring the softened part A friction stir welding tool for
The joining tool is composed of a base material and an aluminum nitride film formed in a region in contact with at least an object to be joined on the surface of the base material,
The substrate of the joining tool is
Boron nitride: 0.3 to 10% by weight,
Chromium nitride and / or chromium carbide: 0.5 to 8% by weight,
Titanium nitride: 0.1 to 2% by weight,
Balance: silicon nitride and inevitable components,
A friction stir welding tool characterized by comprising:
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| JP2007241271A JP4919910B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2007-09-18 | Friction stir welding apparatus and friction stir welding tool |
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| JP2011098842A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2011-05-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Sintered compact and method for manufacturing the same, and rotating tool |
| WO2011074530A1 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Coated rotary tool |
| JP2013039601A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-28 | Osaka Univ | Method and device for processing metallic material |
| WO2014024474A1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-13 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Welding tool used for double-acting type friction stir welding or double-acting type friction stir spot welding, and welding device using same |
| DE102019131904A1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-24 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Balancing disc and friction weld body |
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| JP2011098842A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2011-05-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Sintered compact and method for manufacturing the same, and rotating tool |
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| CN104507631A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2015-04-08 | 川崎重工业株式会社 | Welding tool used for double-acting type friction stir welding or double-acting type friction stir spot welding, and welding device using same |
| DE102019131904A1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-24 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Balancing disc and friction weld body |
| DE102019131904B4 (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2023-01-19 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Process for balancing rotors of electrical machines, friction weld body and balancing disc for use in such a process |
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