JP2009070567A - Electrical connector and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrical connector capable of ensuring strength against a force in the vertical direction while achieving height reduction. <P>SOLUTION: A shield 300 has a bending part 305 which is bent inward so as to form an approximately U-shaped cross section at the end part thereof, and which is extended along the direction in which a plurality of terminals 101 are disposed. An insulating housing 200 is disposed inside a region surrounded by the internal surfaces 305a<SB>1</SB>, 305c<SB>1</SB>and 305b<SB>1</SB>of this bending part 305 so as to come into close contact with the internal surface. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrical connector for connecting a board and a cable.

  Generally, in order to connect a board | substrate and a cable, an electrical connector is provided in the board | substrate side, and the electrical connector engaged with this electrical connector is provided in the cable side. The electrical connector on the board side has a plurality of terminals arranged at a predetermined interval, and the electrical connector on the cable side has a plurality of terminals fitted to each of the plurality of terminals. When the electrical connector on the board side and the electrical connector on the cable side are engaged, each of the plurality of terminals provided on the board side is fitted with the corresponding terminal provided on the cable side, thereby The cable is electrically connected.

  Such an electrical connector includes an insulating housing that holds a plurality of terminals arranged at a predetermined interval along a certain direction, and a shield that supports the insulating housing. The insulating housing has a shape extending in the above direction in order to hold a plurality of terminals arranged along the above direction. The shield has a shape that covers the outer peripheral surface of the insulating housing along the direction in order to support the insulating housing.

Since the electrical connector according to the related art having the above configuration has a shape extending along the direction in which the plurality of terminals are arranged, it is necessary to ensure the strength to withstand the force in the vertical direction.
In order to ensure the strength to withstand the force in the vertical direction, a method of increasing the thickness of the insulating housing or shield can be considered. However, such a technique inhibits the reduction in height required at the same time in general electrical connectors.
As another method, after forming a shield whose ends are bent along the direction in which a plurality of terminals are arranged, a method of attaching an insulating housing to the shield is conceivable. In the electrical connector using this technique, a gap is inevitably generated in the contact portion between the bent portion formed at the end of the shield and the insulating housing. In an electrical connector with such a gap, the applied vertical force is not strictly applied to both the shield and the insulating housing, but only to the shield covering the outer peripheral surface of the insulating housing. concentrate. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure sufficient strength to withstand the force in the vertical direction.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrical connector capable of ensuring strength against a force in the vertical direction while realizing a low profile.

  In order to increase the strength of the electrical connector, the inventor has an inner surface in contact with the insulative housing so that the end of the shield that supports the insulative housing forms a substantially U-shaped cross section on the inside. A bent portion is provided, and at least in a region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion, a liquid insulating material for forming an insulating housing is disposed so as to be in close contact with the inner surface and cured. Then, it has been found that both can be formed integrally without creating a gap between the insulating housing and the bent portion, and the present invention has been achieved.

  An electrical connector according to one aspect of the present invention includes an insulative housing that holds a plurality of terminals arranged at a predetermined interval, and extends along a direction in which the plurality of terminals are arranged, and has an inner surface. A shield that contacts the housing and supports the housing, and the shield is bent inward so as to form a substantially U-shaped cross section at the end, and the direction in which the plurality of terminals are arranged The insulating housing is disposed at least inside the region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion and is in close contact with the inner surface.

  A method of manufacturing an electrical connector according to one aspect of the present invention is a method of manufacturing an electrical connector in which an insulating housing that holds a plurality of terminals arranged at predetermined intervals is supported by a shield, Providing a shield extending along a direction in which the plurality of terminals are arranged and having an inner surface abutting against the insulating housing; and forming a substantially U-shaped cross section at an end of the shield The step of extending the bent portion bent inwardly along the direction in which the plurality of terminals are arranged, and at least inside the region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion, Applying an insulating liquid material to the shield; and curing the liquid material to integrally form the shield and the insulating housing; Including the.

  According to the present invention, the end of the shield that supports the insulating housing by contacting the inner surface with the insulating housing is provided with a bent portion that is bent inward so as to form a substantially U-shaped cross section. The insulating housing is arranged at least inside the region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion so as to be in close contact with the inner surface. Therefore, it is possible to provide an electrical connector capable of ensuring strength against vertical force while realizing a low profile.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected in common with respect to the same component shown in an accompanying drawing.
In the embodiment described below, the present invention is applied to an electrical connector provided on the board side, which is electrically connected by engaging with the electrical connector provided on the cable side. explain.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an electrical connector according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the front left upper side. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the electrical connector according to the embodiment of the present invention as seen from above the rear left hand. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the electrical connector shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 with the top and bottom surfaces reversed.
FIG. 4A is a view showing the upper surface of the electrical connector according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4B is a view showing the front surface of the electrical connector according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG.4 (c) is a figure which shows the bottom face of the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. FIG.4 (d) is a figure which shows the side surface of the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
Fig.5 (a) is a figure which shows the cross section along the AA line of Fig.4 (a). FIG.5 (b) is a figure which shows the cross section along the BB line of Fig.4 (a). FIG.5 (c) is a figure which shows the cross section along CC line of Fig.4 (a).

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the electrical connector according to the present embodiment mainly supports a plurality of terminals 100, an insulating housing 200 that holds the plurality of terminals, and the insulating housing 200. And a shield 300.
The plurality of terminals 100 are arranged at a predetermined interval. The insulating housing 200 has a plate shape extending along the direction in which the plurality of terminals 100 are arranged, and is made of an insulating material such as resin. The shield 300 continuously covers the top surface (one surface) of the insulating housing 200 along the direction in which the plurality of terminals 100 are arranged, and the bottom surface (the other side) of the insulating housing 200 along this direction. The inner surface is brought into contact with the insulative housing 200 so that the insulative housing 200 is surrounded.

Focusing on the plurality of terminals 100, each of the plurality of terminals 100 is formed in a plate shape using a conductive material, for example, as shown in FIG. Further, each of the plurality of terminals 100 includes, for example, a contact portion 100a having a U-shaped cross section and a convex as an engaging portion used for attaching to the insulating housing 200, as shown in FIG. Part 100b and a mounting part 100c connected to a predetermined circuit on the substrate.
The contact portion 100a abuts against the upper and lower surfaces (not shown) of the corresponding terminals of the mating electrical connector inserted from the right side of the drawing in FIG. 5B (that is, for example, the lower side of the drawing in FIG. 1). Electrically connected to this terminal.
The convex portions 100b of the terminals are press-fitted into the concave portions 200a as the engaging portions as shown in FIG. 5B formed on the bottom surface of the insulating housing 200. Fixed and held.

Next, a specific configuration of the shield 300 will be further described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the shield 300 used in the electrical connector according to the embodiment of the present invention as seen from a certain direction. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the shield 300 used in the electrical connector according to the embodiment of the present invention as seen from another direction.
FIG. 8A is a view showing the upper surface of the shield 300 used in the electrical connector according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8B is a view showing the front surface of the shield 300 used in the electrical connector according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG.8 (c) is a figure which shows the bottom face of the shield 300 used for the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. FIG.8 (d) is a figure which shows the side surface of the shield 300 used for the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

  The shield 300 includes a region 301 that continuously covers the upper surface (one surface) of the insulating housing 200 along the direction in which the plurality of terminals 100 are arranged, and the lower surface (the other side) of the insulating housing 200 along the direction. And a region 302 that covers the surface so as to be continuously exposed. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the region 301 covers the entire upper surface of the insulating housing 200 and supports the insulating housing 200. Thus, when the area | region 301 is supporting the insulating housing 200, the inner surface 301a of the area | region 301 as shown in FIG.7 and FIG.8 (c) contact | abuts on the upper surface of the insulating housing 200, for example. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the region 302 covers the lower surface of the insulating housing 200 so as to continuously expose the lower surface of the insulating housing 200 along the direction in which the plurality of terminals 100 are arranged. To support. When the region 302 supports the insulating housing 200 as described above, the inner surface 302a of the region 302 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 8B, for example, abuts the lower surface of the insulating housing 200. By configuring the shield 300 as described above, the plurality of terminals 100 can be attached to the exposed portion of the lower surface of the insulating housing 200 after the shield 300 and the insulating housing 200 are integrally formed.

  A contact portion 303 is formed on the upper surface of the shield 300 to engage with a shield (not shown) of the counterpart electrical connector and to make the shield 300 and the shield of the counterpart electrical connector have the same potential (ground). ing.

  In addition, on the upper surface of the shield 300, for example, through holes 304 (in the present embodiment, six through holes as an example) are formed. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the insulating housing 200 is disposed in the through hole 304, thereby increasing the coupling force between the shield 300 and the housing 200.

Further, a bent portion 305 is formed on the upper surface of the shield 300, for example. The bent portion 305 is formed by bending the end portion of the upper surface of the shield 300 inward so as to form a substantially U-shaped cross section, and extends along the direction in which the plurality of terminals 101 are arranged. . Referring to FIGS. 5 (b) and 5 (c) in which the cross-sectional shape of the bent portion 305 is shown, the bent portion 305 mainly includes two plate-like portions 305a and 305b, a curved portion 305c, including. The two plate-like portions 305a and 305b extend in parallel with the inner surfaces 305a ₁ and 305b ₁ facing each other. The curved portion 305c is curved so as to continuously connect the two plate-like portions 305a and 305b. The inner surface 305c ₁ of the curved portion 305c is continuously connected to the inner surface 305a ₁ of the plate-like portion 305a and the inner surface 305b _{1 of the} plate-like portion 305b. The two plate-like portions 305 a and 305 b and the curved portion 305 c are all extended along the direction in which the plurality of terminals 101 are arranged.
When a force in the vertical direction (for example, the vertical direction in FIG. 5) acts on the upper surface of the shield 300, in addition to the upper surface, the two plate-like portions 305a and 305b and the curved portion 305c of the bent portion 305 are all It will resist the force in the vertical direction.

Further, at least the inside of the region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion 305, that is, the region surrounded by the inner surface 305a ₁ of the plate-like portion 305a, the inner surface 305c ₁ of the curved portion 305c, and the inner surface 305b _{1 of the} plate-like portion 305b. Insulating housing 200 is disposed inside the housing so as to be in close contact with these inner surfaces. The insulating housing 200 is not only in close contact with the inner surface of the bent portion 305 but also the outer surface of the bent portion 305 (that is, the outer surface 305a ₂ of the plate-like portion 305a, the outer surface 305c ₂ of the curved portion 305c, and the plate-like portion 305b. The outer surface 305b ₂ and the end surface 305d) of the plate-like portion 305a can be partially or entirely adhered. In the example shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the insulative housing 200 includes the entire outer surface 305a ₂ and end surface 305d of the plate-like portion 305a of the bent portion 305, and a portion of the outer surface 305c ₂ of the curved portion 305c. And are closely attached.

In order to make the insulating housing 200 tightly contact with the bent portion 305 in this way, the insulating housing 200 is further disposed inside the region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion 305, and further, the bent portion 305. After the liquid material constituting the insulating housing 200 is applied to the shield 300 so as to at least partially cover the end surface and the outer surface, the liquid material is cured, thereby the shield 300 and the insulating housing 200. Are integrally formed. Thereby, the bending part 305 and the insulating housing 200 are assembled | attached mutually, without a clearance gap producing both.
Although not shown, a through hole, a concave portion and / or a convex portion are formed in the bent portion 305, and the insulating housing 200 is disposed inside the through hole, so that the concave portion and / or the convex portion are formed. Since the contact area between the bent portion 305 and the insulative housing 200 is increased by engaging with the portion, the coupling force between the two can be further increased.

  Note that the insulating housing 200 inevitably has a shape extending in the direction in which the plurality of terminals 101 are arranged in order to perform the function of holding the plurality of terminals 101 arranged at predetermined intervals. Vulnerability such as bending when subjected to vertical force. Therefore, if the bent portion 305 is extended along the direction in which the plurality of terminals 101 are arranged, the insulating housing that receives the force in the vertical direction is prevented from being bent in this way. In view of such a point of view, in the present embodiment, as the best mode, the bent portion 305 is extended along the direction in which the plurality of terminals 101 are arranged. However, the present invention is not limited to such a form, and includes a form in which the bent portion 305 is provided on the shield along an arbitrary direction.

  In the present embodiment, as the best mode, the bent portion 305 is configured by bending the end portion of the shield 300 inward. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a substantially U-shaped cross-sectional shape. A configuration in which a bent portion (or a part thereof) having the above is separately formed and then the bent portion (or a part thereof) thus formed is attached to the shield 300 by welding or the like is also included.

Returning to FIGS. 6 to 8, a cut-and-raised portion 306 is formed on the lower surface of the shield 300, for example. The cut-and-raised part 306 is formed by bending the end of the lower surface of the shield 300 inward. The cut-and-raised part 306 intersects the insulating housing 200. Further, a through hole 306a is formed on the surface of the cut-and-raised portion 306 (a concave portion, a convex portion, or the like can be formed instead of the through hole).
As apparent from the comparison between FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the cut-and-raised portion 306 is surrounded (covered) by the insulative housing 200 over substantially the entire outer peripheral surface thereof. That is, the insulating housing 200 is in close contact with substantially the entire outer peripheral surface of the cut and raised portion 306. Thereby, the coupling force between the lower surface of the shield 300 and the insulating housing is enhanced. Furthermore, since the through-hole 306a is formed in the cut and raised portion 306, the contact area between the cut and raised portion 306 and the insulating housing 200 is increased, so that the coupling force between both is further increased.
There is no limitation on the place where such a raised portion 306 is provided, but the shield 300 is provided at the portion of the shield 300 having the lowest coupling force with the insulating housing 200, that is, at the end of the shield 300 as in this embodiment. Is preferred.
The method for integrally forming the cut-and-raised portion 306 and the insulating housing 200 is the same as the case where the bent portion 305 and the insulating housing 200 are formed integrally.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 9, a notch 307 is formed at the end of the shield 300 (for example, the end of the lower surface). As shown in FIG. 10, the notch 307 is engaged with the insulating housing 200 in a state where substantially the entire cross section is surrounded by the insulating housing 200. This also increases the coupling force between the shield 300 and the insulating housing 200. The notch 307 is also preferably provided at the portion of the shield 300 having the lowest coupling force with the insulating housing 200, that is, at the end of the shield 300 as in this embodiment.

Next, a method for manufacturing the electrical connector having the above configuration will be briefly described.
First, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, a shield 300 including a through hole 304, a bent portion 305, a cut-and-raised portion 306, a notch 307, etc. is pressed against a plate-like material having conductivity. It is formed by a known process such as a bending process or a punching process.
The shield 300 formed as described above is disposed inside a predetermined mold formed to form the insulating housing 200 as shown in FIGS.
Thereafter, a resin of a curable liquid material is inserted into the mold. The liquid material inserted in this manner is disposed inside the region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion 305 and is in close contact with the inner surface, and is in close contact with substantially the entire outer peripheral surface of the cut and raised portion 306. The cross section of the notch 307 is also surrounded by the liquid material. In this manner, a liquid material resin is applied to the shield 300.

Next, the resin inserted into the mold as described above is cured. Thereby, the insulating housing 200 and the shield 300 which are integrally formed are obtained. Thereafter, the concave portion 100b of the terminal 100 is exposed to the concave portion 200a provided in the exposed portion of the lower surface of the insulating housing 200 without being covered by the shield 300 (see, for example, FIG. 3). The plurality of terminals 100 are attached to the insulating housing 200 by being press-fitted as shown in FIG.
Thereby, the electrical connector as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is formed.
In the insulating housing 200, the plurality of terminals 100 are preferably attached in the vicinity of the bent portion 305 of the shield 300 as shown in FIG. In other words, the insulating housing 200 has a recess (engagement portion) 200 a that engages with the protrusions (engagement portions) 100 b of the plurality of terminals 100 and fixes the plurality of terminals, in the vicinity of the bent portion 305. Have. As described above, the plurality of terminals 101 are supported by the bent portion 305 in the insulating housing 200, so that the plurality of terminals 101 are in the vicinity of the region having the greatest strength against the force in the vertical direction, that is, the bent portion 305. It is attached in the vicinity of the area surrounded by the inner surface. Thus, the plurality of terminals 100 arranged extending in the horizontal direction (that is, the depth direction in FIG. 5B) have strength against the force in the vertical direction (that is, the vertical direction in FIG. 5B) acting on them. Can be secured.

As described above, according to the present invention, the inner surface is abutted against the insulating housing and is bent inward so as to form a substantially U-shaped cross section at the end of the shield that supports the insulating housing. An insulative housing is disposed at least inside a region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion so as to be in close contact with the inner surface. Specifically, the insulating material in a liquid state that constitutes the insulating housing is applied to the shield so as to be disposed inside the region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion, and is then cured by bending. The shield and the insulating housing are integrally formed without generating a gap between the portion and the insulating housing.
As a result, there is no gap between the bent portion and the insulating housing, so that the vertical force acting on the electrical connector does not concentrate on only the bent portion and acts on both the bent portion and the insulating housing. Act on. Thereby, a bending part and an insulating housing can cooperate, and the intensity | strength with respect to the force of a perpendicular direction can be ensured. Furthermore, the shield and the insulating housing are not formed separately, but are combined with each other, so that the shield and the insulating housing are arranged inside the area surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion provided on the shield, and further if necessary. Then, the shield and the insulating housing are integrally formed by applying a liquid insulating material to the shield and curing it so as to be in close contact with at least a part of the outer surface of the bent portion. Therefore, it is possible to promote a reduction in the height of the electrical connector.
Furthermore, a cut-and-raised portion bent inward so as to intersect the insulating housing is provided at the end of the shield that supports the insulating housing by contacting the inner surface with the insulating housing. The housing adheres to substantially the entire outer peripheral surface of the cut and raised portion. Thereby, the coupling force between the shield and the insulating housing is enhanced. Such a coupling force contributes, at least in part, to increasing the strength of the electrical connector against the vertical force.
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an electrical connector capable of ensuring strength against vertical force while realizing a reduction in height.

It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention seeing from a front left hand upper direction. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention seeing from back left upper direction. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the electrical connector shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 with the top and bottom surfaces reversed. (A) It is a figure which shows the upper surface of the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (B) It is a figure which shows the front surface of the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (C) It is a figure which shows the bottom face of the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (D) It is a figure which shows the side surface of the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (A) It is a figure which shows the cross section along the AA line of Fig.4 (a). (B) It is a figure which shows the cross section along the BB line of Fig.4 (a). (C) It is a figure which shows the cross section along CC line of Fig.4 (a). It is a perspective view which shows the shield used for the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention seeing from a certain direction. It is a perspective view which shows the shield used for the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention seeing from another direction. (A) It is a figure which shows the upper surface of the shield used for the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (B) It is a figure which shows the front surface of the shield used for the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (C) It is a figure which shows the bottom face of the shield used for the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (D) It is a figure which shows the side surface of the shield used for the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which expands and shows a part of shield used for the electrical connector which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which expands and shows a part of electric connector concerning one embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

100 terminal 100a contact part 100b convex part (engagement part)
100c Mounting part 200 Insulating housing 200a Recess (engagement part)
300 Shield 301, 302 Region 301a Inner surface of region 301 302a Inner surface of region 302 303 Contact portion 304 Through hole 305 Bending portion 305a, 305b Plate-like portion of bending portion 305c Bending portion of bending portion 305a ₁ , 305b ₁ , 305c ₁ Bending portion Inner surface 305a ₂ , 305b ₂ , 305c ₂ outer surface of the bent portion 305d end surface of the bent portion 306 cut and raised portion 306a through hole 307 notch

Claims (11)

An insulating housing for holding a plurality of terminals arranged at predetermined intervals;
A shield that extends along a direction in which the plurality of terminals are arranged and supports the housing by contacting an inner surface thereof with the housing;
Comprising
The shield has a bent portion that is bent inwardly so as to form a substantially U-shaped cross section at an end portion and extends along a direction in which the plurality of terminals are arranged;
The insulating housing is disposed at least inside a region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion and is in close contact with the inner surface;
An electrical connector characterized by that.   The electrical connector according to claim 1, wherein the insulating housing is in close contact with at least a part of an outer surface of the bent portion.   The electrical connector according to claim 1, wherein the insulating housing has an engaging portion that engages with the plurality of terminals to fix the plurality of terminals in the vicinity of the bent portion of the shield. .   The electrical connector according to claim 1, wherein the bent portion has a through hole, and the insulating housing is disposed inside the through hole.   5. The electrical connector according to claim 1, wherein the bent portion has a concave portion or a convex portion, and the insulating housing is engaged with the concave portion or the convex portion.   The insulating housing is formed by being hardened after being applied to the shield in a liquid state so as to be disposed at least in a region surrounded by an inner surface of the bent portion. The electrical connector according to claim 5. The shield continuously covers one surface of the insulating housing along the direction in which the plurality of terminals are arranged, and continuously exposes the other surface of the insulating housing along the direction. An area covering the other surface so as to allow
The insulating housing has an engaging portion that engages with the plurality of terminals and fixes the plurality of terminals along the direction in a portion exposed by the shield on the other surface. The electrical connector according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The shield has a cut-and-raised portion bent inward so as to intersect the insulating housing at an end portion;
The electrical connector according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the insulating housing is in close contact with substantially the entire outer peripheral surface of the cut and raised portion. The shield has a cut-and-raised portion bent inward so as to intersect the insulating housing at an end of a region covering the other surface;
The electrical connector according to claim 7, wherein the insulating housing is in close contact with substantially the entire outer peripheral surface of the cut and raised portion.   The insulating housing is formed by being hardened after being applied in a liquid state to the shield so as to surround substantially the entire outer peripheral surface of the cut-and-raised portion. Electrical connector as described in. A method of manufacturing an electrical connector in which an insulating housing holding a plurality of terminals arranged at predetermined intervals is supported by a shield,
Providing a shield extending along a direction in which the plurality of terminals are arranged and having an inner surface abutting against the insulating housing;
Extending a bent portion that is bent inward so as to form a substantially U-shaped cross section at an end of the shield along a direction in which the plurality of terminals are disposed;
Applying an insulating liquid material to the shield so as to be disposed at least inside a region surrounded by the inner surface of the bent portion;
Curing the liquid material to integrally form the shield and the insulating housing;
A method comprising the steps of:

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