JP2009051953A - Utilization method for waste food oil - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an effective utilization method for a waste food oil generated in a large amount. <P>SOLUTION: After the waste food oil is gasified by a thermal decomposition tank, it is passed through a catalytic cracking tank filled with an alumino-silicate-based catalyst to obtain a fuel oil corresponding to gasoline, kerosine/light oil and heavy oil A. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for using waste food oil, and more particularly, to a method for producing a fuel oil in the form of petroleum fractions, typically gasoline, kerosene oil, and heavy fuel oil A from waste food oil.

  In recent years, global warming due to carbon dioxide gas generated with the use of fossil fuels has become a problem on a global scale, and a solution for this is strongly desired. As one of such solutions, gasoline / light oil substitutes using corn as a raw material have been developed and are being used worldwide. Most of the usage is mixed with fossil fuels such as gasoline only 1.5% and used as fuel oil for automobiles, etc., but this has soared the prices of raw materials such as corn. Yes. Corn is used as a staple food in many countries such as South America, Africa, and South Asia, and its use as an alternative fuel has the major negative effect of deteriorating the food situation on a global scale in terms of both price and supply. Has brought.

  On the other hand, dietary oil is widely used for cooking deep-fried foods such as tempura, and the amount of used waste dietary oil is enormous. Many of them are used as a waste for decomposition treatment such as activated sludge treatment, but various studies have been made on reuse. As one of them, it is also known that waste food oil is centrifuged and only the oil content is used as fuel. However, if the oil content separated and obtained from waste food oil is used directly as automobile fuel, engine clogging will occur. In reality, it is used as a fuel by adding a small amount to light oil or heavy oil.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an effective utilization method of waste food oil that is generated in large quantities. In particular, an oil fraction fuel oil having properties that can be used as automobile fuel from waste food oil is efficiently used. It is in providing the method of manufacturing automatically.

  According to the present invention, waste food oil is heated to gasify in a pyrolysis tank, and the gas is brought into contact with an aluminosilicate catalyst in the catalytic cracking tank. A method for producing oil.

In the present invention, it is preferable to add waste engine oil to waste food oil.
Further, in the present invention, the gas generated by pyrolysis in the pyrolysis tank is brought into contact with the aluminosilicate catalyst, and then brought into contact with the cracking activated aluminosilicate catalyst and then contacted with the shape selective aluminosilicate catalyst. Is preferred.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a high-yield petroleum oil fuel that can be used as an automobile fuel from waste food oil that is generated in large quantities. It is extremely expensive.

  The waste food oil used in the present invention may be any suitable one as long as it is a used cooking oil for cooking at lunch centers, restaurants, restaurants, and even at home and the like, regardless of the type of raw material source, etc. . Examples of raw material sources include sesame oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, etc., usually waste food oil derived from various raw vegetable oils or mixtures thereof In the present invention.

  Remove waste food oil from the waste food oil if necessary, and then put it in the pyrolysis tank. The pyrolysis tank is usually provided with a stirrer, and waste food oil is gasified with pyrolysis while heating and stirring. The heating temperature is preferably 200 to 400 ° C, particularly preferably 250 to 350 ° C. Heat gradually from around normal temperature, remove moisture that may be present in the oil at a temperature lower than 150 ° C., for example, 70 to 140 ° C., and further raise the temperature to gasify the waste food oil with thermal decomposition. It is desirable. In addition, if necessary, a pyrolysis aid such as silica, alumina, natural zeolite, etc. can be added to the pyrolysis tank.

  The gas component thus gasified and exits the pyrolysis tank is then transferred to the catalytic cracking tank and brought into contact with the aluminosilicate catalyst. The catalytic cracking tank is filled with an aluminosilicate-based catalyst. Normally, gas kept at a high temperature from the thermal cracking tank is sequentially introduced from the lower part of the catalytic cracking tank and brought into contact with the catalyst. The gaseous product thus produced is taken out of the system, cooled through a heat exchanger and liquefied to obtain fuel oil.

  As the aluminosilicate catalyst, zeolite containing silica and alumina as constituent components is preferably used. Particularly preferred zeolites are β zeolite and ZSM type zeolite. As the ZSM type zeolite, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-38, ZSM-48 and the like can be used, and ZSM-5 is particularly preferable. These aluminosilicate-based catalysts are usually preferably used at least partly in a hydrogen type (acid type), and it is preferable to add a platinum group metal or the like if necessary.

  Thus, it is possible to obtain a petroleum fraction-like fuel oil corresponding to gasoline, kerosene oil, and / or heavy fuel oil A with a high yield. However, in the present invention, the characteristics of the fuel oil obtained can be adjusted by selecting the catalyst to be used. Is possible. In other words, aluminosilicate-based catalysts range from active (acid-based) to low (low acid type or acid point ratio) and high selectivity (shape selectivity). By selecting and combining them, for example, the gasoline content in the product can be increased, or the kerosene oil content or the A heavy oil content can be increased. This means that the product can be adjusted according to the demand trend of the fuel oil and the user's demand, which is a great practical advantage. In particular, fossil fuel has properties such as carbon number, distillation distribution, and specific gravity of the product by making the catalyst layer into two or more stages and arranging the cracking activated aluminosilicate catalyst first with the shape selective catalyst in the latter stage. A product very close to typical gasoline, kerosene, and heavy oil A can be obtained.

  As described above, the cracking activated aluminosilicate catalyst has many acid active sites (preferably 50% or more is in the acid form). Examples of the cracking activated aluminosilicate catalyst include cracking activated beta zeolite. The shape-selective aluminosilicate catalyst has few decomposition active sites, and ZSM-5 containing a platinum group metal is particularly preferably used.

  In the present invention, only waste food oil can be subjected to thermal decomposition, but it is preferable to use waste engine oil in combination. The amount of waste engine oil added is preferably 5 to 20% by weight, more preferably 10 to 15% by weight. By using waste engine oil in combination, a product suitable for automobile fuel oil can be obtained. This is probably because the olefinic long-chain hydrocarbon, which is a component in engine oil, chemically interacts with the component during the thermal decomposition of waste food oil.

  The gas component thus gasified and exits the pyrolysis tank is then transferred to the catalytic cracking tank and brought into contact with the aluminosilicate catalyst. The catalytic cracking tank is filled with an aluminosilicate-based catalyst. Normally, gas kept at a high temperature from the thermal cracking tank is sequentially introduced from the lower part of the catalytic cracking tank and brought into contact with the catalyst. The gaseous product thus produced is taken out of the system, cooled through a heat exchanger and liquefied to obtain fuel oil.

  As the aluminosilicate catalyst, zeolite containing silica and alumina as constituent components is preferably used. Particularly preferred zeolites are β zeolite and ZSM type zeolite. As the ZSM type zeolite, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-38, ZSM-48 and the like can be used, and ZSM-5 is particularly preferable. These aluminosilicate-based catalysts are usually preferably used at least partly in a hydrogen type (acid type), and it is preferable to add a platinum group metal or the like if necessary.

  Thus, although the fuel oil mainly composed of gasoline and kerosene oil can be obtained in a high yield, the characteristics of the fuel oil obtained by selecting the catalyst to be used can be adjusted in the present invention. In other words, aluminosilicate-based catalysts range from active (acid-based) to low (low acid type or acid point ratio) and high selectivity (shape selectivity). By selecting and combining them, for example, the gasoline content in the product can be increased, or the kerosene oil content or the A heavy oil content can be increased. This means that the product can be adjusted according to the demand trend of the fuel oil and the user's demand, which is a great practical advantage. In particular, fossil fuel has properties such as carbon number, distillation distribution, and specific gravity of the product by making the catalyst layer into two or more stages and arranging the cracking activated aluminosilicate catalyst first with the shape selective catalyst in the latter stage. A product very close to typical gasoline and kerosene can be obtained.

  As described above, the cracking activated aluminosilicate catalyst has many acid active sites (preferably 50% or more is in the acid form). Examples of the cracking activated aluminosilicate catalyst include cracking activated beta zeolite. The shape-selective aluminosilicate catalyst has few decomposition active sites, and ZSM-5 containing a platinum group metal is particularly preferably used.

The method of the present invention is particularly effective when palm oil is used as the material to be treated, but vegetable oils such as sesame oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, corn oil and the like can also be used. Moreover, it is also preferable to mix a small amount (for example, 1 to 10% by weight) of waste engine oil into the material to be treated represented by palm oil.
The following examples illustrate the invention.

  In a cylindrical pyrolysis tank with an inner volume of about 51 equipped with a stirring blade, 700g of spent cooking oil from the school feeding center is put, and the temperature is first raised from room temperature to 80 ° C, until most of the water has evaporated at that stage. The temperature is further increased by 5 ° C., and the temperature is increased to 140 ° C. After confirming that generation of water vapor is not observed at all, the temperature is increased by 20 ° C. and the temperature is increased to about 330 ° C. Maintained. Meanwhile, gasification of waste food oil progressed, and the gas emitted from the top of the pyrolysis tank was led to the catalytic cracking tank. The catalytic cracking tank is a cylindrical body having an internal volume of about 1.51, and is filled with about 500 g of beta zeolite.

The gas from the top of the catalytic cracking tank was cooled through a heat exchanger and liquefied to obtain the product. The total liquid yield was about 80%.
The product is equivalent to kerosene in the petroleum fraction. The distillation property test results are shown in Table 1.

In Example 1, about 10% by weight of waste engine oil was added to waste food oil, and the same experiment was conducted. However, the catalyst layer of the catalytic cracking tank was filled with ZSM-5 zeolite.
As a result, the gasoline equivalent was doubled.

Claims (3)

  Production of petroleum distillate fuel oil from waste food oil, characterized in that waste food oil is heated to gasify in a pyrolysis tank and the gas is brought into contact with an aluminosilicate catalyst in the catalytic cracking tank. Method.   The method according to claim 1, wherein waste engine oil is added to waste food oil and supplied to the pyrolysis tank.   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the contact of the gas with the aluminosilicate catalyst is carried out by contacting with the shape-selective aluminosilicate catalyst after contacting with the cracking activated aluminosilicate catalyst.