JP2009022846A - Asbestos treatment method - Google Patents
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- JP2009022846A JP2009022846A JP2007186729A JP2007186729A JP2009022846A JP 2009022846 A JP2009022846 A JP 2009022846A JP 2007186729 A JP2007186729 A JP 2007186729A JP 2007186729 A JP2007186729 A JP 2007186729A JP 2009022846 A JP2009022846 A JP 2009022846A
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- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910052620 chrysotile Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000019693 Lung disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、アスベスト処理方法に関し、特に、アスベスト特有の性状を無くして最終的には溶解してしまうアスベストの無害化処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an asbestos treatment method, and more particularly to a detoxification treatment method for asbestos that loses the properties unique to asbestos and eventually dissolves.
近年、古い建築物の解体やリフォームがされつつあり、人体に悪影響を及ぼすアスベストを、大量に処理しなくてはならない状況が生じている。アスベストの無害化処理はいくつかの技術が知られているが、現実に広く導入されているものは、溶融方法である。 In recent years, old buildings are being demolished and renovated, and a situation has arisen in which a large amount of asbestos that adversely affects the human body has to be processed. Several techniques are known for the detoxification treatment of asbestos, but what is widely introduced in practice is a melting method.
溶融方法は、アスベストを１５００℃以上の高温で溶融し、本来の針状形状からガラス状に変質させる技術である。これにより、無害化が可能となり、埋設なども可能となっている。 The melting method is a technique in which asbestos is melted at a high temperature of 1500 ° C. or more, and the original acicular shape is changed to glass. As a result, detoxification is possible, and embedding is also possible.
また、酸処理して、アスベストほど超安定でない物質に変質させる方法も知られている。 In addition, a method is known in which acid treatment is performed to change the material into a material that is not as superstable as asbestos.
しかしながら、従来の技術では以下の問題点があった。
すなわち、溶融法は、炉の原理自体は簡単であるが、アスベストは飛散性が問題となるので、固形化して炉に投入したり、飛散防止の補助施設を増設したりする必要がある。この結果、導入コストが高くなり、処理量が排出量に追いついていないのが現状である。
However, the conventional technique has the following problems.
That is, in the melting method, the principle of the furnace itself is simple, but asbestos has a problem of scattering, so it is necessary to solidify it and put it into the furnace or to add auxiliary facilities for preventing scattering. As a result, the introduction cost is high, and the current situation is that the processing amount does not catch up with the discharge amount.
また、酸で処理する方法は、処理前とほぼ同様の繊維状物質が残存し、これが、人体に与える影響は必ずしも医学的に十分解明されていないのが実情で、処理としては不十分であるという問題点があった。 In addition, in the method of treating with an acid, the same fibrous material as before the treatment remains, and the fact that the effect on the human body has not been sufficiently elucidated medically is insufficient, and the treatment is insufficient. There was a problem.
本発明は上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、安価に導入でき、十分に無害化可能なアスベスト処理方法を提供することを目的とする。 This invention is made | formed in view of the above, Comprising: It aims at providing the asbestos processing method which can be introduce | transduced cheaply and can fully be detoxified.
上記の目的を達成するために、請求項１に記載のアスベスト処理方法は、アスベストを所定温度以上で所定濃度以上の酸に所定時間以上浸漬し、次いで溶液を除去し、その後残っている繊維状物質を所定濃度のアルカリに浸漬し、当該繊維状物質を溶解することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the asbestos treatment method according to claim 1, the asbestos treatment method comprises immersing asbestos in an acid having a predetermined concentration or higher at a predetermined temperature or higher for a predetermined time, then removing the solution, and then remaining fibrous The material is immersed in a predetermined concentration of alkali to dissolve the fibrous material.
また、請求項２に記載のアスベスト処理方法は、アスベストを酸に浸漬してＭｇを溶出させ、次いで、溶液を除去した後、得られた繊維状物質をアルカリに浸漬してＳｉを溶出させて当該繊維状物質を溶解することを特徴とする。 In the asbestos treatment method according to claim 2, the asbestos is immersed in an acid to elute Mg, and after removing the solution, the obtained fibrous substance is immersed in an alkali to elute Si. The fibrous substance is dissolved.
また、請求項３に記載のアスベスト処理方法は、請求項１または２に記載のアスベスト処理方法において、アスベストを酸に浸漬するにあたり、アスベスト中のＭｇを８３ｗｔ％以上溶出させることを特徴とする。 The asbestos treatment method according to claim 3 is characterized in that in the asbestos treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, when the asbestos is immersed in an acid, 83 wt% or more of Mg in the asbestos is eluted.
また、請求項４に記載のアスベスト処理方法は、請求項３に記載のアスベスト処理方法において、酸が、１００℃以下で濃度が５Ｍ以下の塩酸であることを特徴とする。なお、適宜圧力容器を用いることができる。 The asbestos treatment method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in the asbestos treatment method according to claim 3, the acid is hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 5 M or less at 100 ° C. or less. A pressure vessel can be used as appropriate.
また、請求項５に記載のアスベスト処理方法は、請求項１〜４のいずれか一つに記載のアスベスト処理方法において、アルカリ濃度が１Ｍ以下の水酸化ナトリウムであることを特徴とする。 An asbestos treatment method according to claim 5 is the asbestos treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the alkali concentration is sodium hydroxide having a concentration of 1M or less.
なお、酸やアルカリのＭは、ｍｏｌ／リットルを表す。 In addition, M of acid or alkali represents mol / liter.
本発明によれば、投入エネルギーの多い溶融方法によらず、科学的な反応により処理するため、安価に導入でき、十分に無害化可能なアスベスト処理方法を提供することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an asbestos treatment method that can be introduced at low cost and can be made sufficiently harmless because it is treated by a scientific reaction regardless of a melting method with a large input energy.
以下、本発明を図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
クリソタイル（Ｍｇ６Ｓｉ４Ｏ１０（ＯＨ）８）は、アスベストのうち、過去に最も多く使用され（使用率９５％）、廃棄物として大量に排出される。本発明ではクリソタイルを無害化する方法について説明する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
Chrysotile (Mg 6 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 ) is the most frequently used asbestos in the past (usage rate 95%) and is discharged in large quantities as waste. In the present invention, a method for detoxifying chrysotile will be described.
発明の理解のため、ここでは、実験の経緯も含めて説明する。
まず、純正試料（クリソタイル：和光純薬工業株式会社製 化学用）を用いて酸処理とアルカリ処理を検討した。
In order to understand the invention, here, it will be described including the background of the experiment.
First, acid treatment and alkali treatment were examined using a genuine sample (Chrysotile: for chemicals manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
具体的には、以下のとおりである。
（Ａ）酸処理：試料と種々の濃度の塩酸水溶液をオートクレーブに入れ、１００℃または１３０℃で十分な時間加熱処理をした。
（Ｂ）アルカリ処理：試料と種々の濃度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液をオートクレーブに入れ、１３０℃で十分な時間加熱した。
（Ｃ）酸処理→アルカリ処理：酸処理を十分おこなった後の試料を種々の濃度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてアルカリ処理した。
Specifically, it is as follows.
(A) Acid treatment: Samples and aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions having various concentrations were placed in an autoclave and heat-treated at 100 ° C or 130 ° C for a sufficient time.
(B) Alkali treatment: A sample and various concentrations of aqueous sodium hydroxide were placed in an autoclave and heated at 130 ° C. for a sufficient time.
(C) Acid treatment → alkali treatment: The sample after sufficient acid treatment was alkali treated with various concentrations of aqueous sodium hydroxide.
各処理が終わったとき、酸処理である場合も、アルカリ処理である場合も繊維状固形物が残存していた。一方、酸処理→アルカリ処理の場合は、減容し固形物が残っていた。そこで、アスベストを無害化するため、処理後のそれぞれの性状を調べ最適化を図ることとした。図１は、処理前後のＸＲＤ測定結果を示した図である。なお、線源にはＣｕ−Ｋα線を用い、測定条件は、管電圧３０ｋＶ、管電流１５ｍＡとし２θを５〜７０°の範囲で測定した。 When each treatment was completed, the fibrous solid remained in both the acid treatment and the alkali treatment. On the other hand, in the case of acid treatment → alkali treatment, the volume was reduced and solid matter remained. Therefore, in order to make asbestos harmless, it was decided to optimize each of the properties after treatment. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing XRD measurement results before and after processing. Cu-Kα ray was used as the radiation source, and the measurement conditions were a tube voltage of 30 kV and a tube current of 15 mA, and 2θ was measured in the range of 5 to 70 °.
図１から明らかなように、クリソタイルは、酸処理をすると結晶構造が崩れアモルファスになることが分かった。すなわち、クリソタイルでなくなっていることが確認できた。アルカリ処理の場合は、処理後も依然としてクリソタイルであることが確認できた。一方、酸処理→アルカリ処理の場合の減容して残った残渣は、クリソタイルとは異なる別の結晶であることが確認できた。 As is clear from FIG. 1, it was found that chrysotile was converted to an amorphous state due to the collapse of the crystal structure upon acid treatment. That is, it was confirmed that it was no longer chrysotile. In the case of alkali treatment, it was confirmed that it was still chrysotile after the treatment. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the residue remaining after volume reduction in the case of acid treatment → alkali treatment was another crystal different from chrysotile.
酸処理後およびアルカリ処理前後の繊維状固形物をＳＥＭにより表面状態を観察した。図２は、クリソタイルを酸処理またはアルカリ処理する前後の２０００倍のＳＥＭ像である。図から明らかなように、結合は見られるものの、依然として繊維質であることが確認できた。 The surface state of the fibrous solid after acid treatment and before and after alkali treatment was observed by SEM. FIG. 2 is a 2000 times SEM image of the chrysotile before and after acid treatment or alkali treatment. As is apparent from the figure, it was confirmed that the fiber was still fibrous although bonding was observed.
また、酸処理→アルカリ処理後の残渣についてもＳＥＭにより表面状態を観察した。図３は、酸処理→アルカリ処理した後の残渣の表面写真である。図から明らかなように、固形残渣は、明らかに繊維状ではなくなり、別の結晶となっていることが確認できた。 The surface state of the residue after acid treatment → alkali treatment was also observed by SEM. FIG. 3 is a surface photograph of the residue after acid treatment → alkali treatment. As is clear from the figure, it was confirmed that the solid residue was clearly not in the form of fibers but formed as another crystal.
アスベスト由来の肺疾患は、主として針状微細繊維結晶に由来するものであるため、本願発明者は、酸処理→アルカリ処理を詳細に検討することとした。 Since the asbestos-derived lung disease is mainly derived from acicular fine fiber crystals, the present inventor decided to examine acid treatment → alkali treatment in detail.
クリソタイルはアルカリ処理により変化しないので、まず、酸処理→アルカリ処理における前段の塩酸処理について、クリソタイルの残存という観点から、塩酸濃度と温度と処理時間を変化させて検討することとした。クリソタイルが残存しているか否かはＸＲＤにより判定した。また、酸処理により、水溶液中へ主としてＭｇが溶出することが別途実験で判明していたため、Ｍｇの溶出量も測定した。この測定も、ＩＣＰ測定によった（セイコー電子工業製：ＳＰＳ−１２００Ａ，ＲＦパワー＝１．３１ｋＷ，測光高さ＝１２．９ｍｍ）。結果を表１に示す。 Since chrysotile does not change due to alkali treatment, first, the hydrochloric acid treatment in the previous stage in acid treatment → alkali treatment was examined by changing the hydrochloric acid concentration, temperature and treatment time from the viewpoint of remaining chrysotile. Whether or not chrysotile remained was determined by XRD. In addition, since it was proved in a separate experiment that Mg was mainly eluted into the aqueous solution by acid treatment, the amount of Mg eluted was also measured. This measurement was also based on ICP measurement (manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo: SPS-1200A, RF power = 1.31 kW, photometric height = 12.9 mm). The results are shown in Table 1.
表から明らかなように、Ｍｇの溶出量が８３ｗｔ％を超えると残存繊維はクリソタイルでなくなることが分かった。なお、試験番号Ｚ６の結果はこれと反するが、試験番号Ｚ３に比して塩酸濃度が低いことから、いまだ塩酸と反応していない繊維部分が残っていると考えられる。 As is clear from the table, it was found that when the elution amount of Mg exceeds 83 wt%, the remaining fibers are not chrysotile. In addition, although the result of test number Z6 is contrary to this, since the hydrochloric acid density | concentration is low compared with test number Z3, it is thought that the fiber part which has not yet reacted with hydrochloric acid remains.
また、反応に際しては圧力容器を用いたが、１００℃以下の加熱であれば必ずしも圧力容器が必要でなくなる。更に、圧力容器を用いる場合は導入コストが著しく高くなり、加熱のエネルギーが増大してしまう。このほか、工業用の圧力容器は、定期的な検査が必要であり効率性に劣ってしまう。 Moreover, although the pressure vessel was used in the reaction, the pressure vessel is not necessarily required if heating is performed at 100 ° C. or lower. Further, when a pressure vessel is used, the introduction cost is remarkably increased, and heating energy is increased. In addition, industrial pressure vessels require periodic inspection and are inefficient.
以上を総合的に判断すると、前段の塩酸処理は、１００℃以下５Ｍで２４時間以上浸漬させる方法が好ましいといえる。なお、場合によっては、適宜攪拌するなどし、処理を、低温化、低濃度化、短時間化することも可能である。 If the above is judged comprehensively, it can be said that the hydrochloric acid treatment in the former stage is preferably a method of immersing at 100 ° C. or less and 5 M for 24 hours or more. In some cases, the treatment can be performed at a low temperature, a low concentration, and a short time by appropriately stirring.
次に、試験番号Ｚ５で得られた繊維状物質を、酸処理→アルカリ処理における後段のアルカリ処理に関して、分解減容という観点から、水酸化ナトリウム濃度と反応温度と反応時間を変化させて検討することとした。また、アルカリ処理により、水溶液中へ主としてＳｉが溶出することが別途実験で判明していたため、Ｓｉの溶出量も測定した。この測定も、ＩＣＰ測定によった。結果を表２に示す。 Next, the fibrous material obtained in test number Z5 is examined by changing the sodium hydroxide concentration, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time from the viewpoint of decomposition and volume reduction, regarding the subsequent alkali treatment in the acid treatment → alkali treatment. It was decided. In addition, since it was proved in a separate experiment that Si was mainly eluted into the aqueous solution by the alkali treatment, the amount of Si eluted was also measured. This measurement was also based on ICP measurement. The results are shown in Table 2.
表から明らかなように、アルカリ処理に関しては、加熱しなくとも減容効率が高く、常温で処理可能であることが確認できた。なお、ここでは示さないが、加熱すると、水熱反応により新たな結晶が析出してきた。繊維状物質を溶解するには、反応時間にもよるが、常温であれば１Ｍで２４時間で十分であるといえる。なお、残渣は、図３に示したとおりであり、アスベストではない。 As is clear from the table, it was confirmed that the alkali treatment was high in volume reduction efficiency without being heated and could be treated at room temperature. Although not shown here, when heated, new crystals were precipitated by a hydrothermal reaction. Although it depends on the reaction time to dissolve the fibrous substance, it can be said that 24 hours at 1M is sufficient at room temperature. The residue is as shown in FIG. 3 and is not asbestos.
以上の実施例から、アスベスト試料を処理する際には、はじめに１００℃程度の５Ｍ塩酸に２４時間浸漬し、残った繊維状物質を室温で１Ｍの水酸化ナトリウム溶液に２４時間浸漬することにより、無害化できることが確認できた。 From the above examples, when treating the asbestos sample, first, it was immersed in 5M hydrochloric acid at about 100 ° C. for 24 hours, and the remaining fibrous material was immersed in 1M sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature for 24 hours. It was confirmed that it can be rendered harmless.
なお、本発明者は、実際に廃アスベストを用いて処理してみたところ、溶液に浸漬する前に１ｃｍ以下の塊状ないし粉状に粉砕すれば、ほぼ同様の条件で無害化できることを確認できた。なお、廃アスベストは、コンクリートやはぎ取り剤などが付着しているため、アルカリ濃度は１Ｍより低くても無害化できる場合があることを確認した。 In addition, when this inventor actually processed using waste asbestos, if it grind | pulverized to lump or powdery of 1 cm or less before being immersed in a solution, it has confirmed that it could be detoxified on substantially the same conditions. . In addition, it was confirmed that waste asbestos may be rendered harmless even if the alkali concentration is lower than 1M because concrete, a stripping agent, or the like adheres to the waste asbestos.
本発明によれば、ボード様の非飛散性アスベストのみならず、吹きつけなどによる飛散性アスベストを処理することも可能である。 According to the present invention, not only board-like non-scattering asbestos but also scattering asbestos by spraying or the like can be processed.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010147208A1 (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2010-12-23 | 国立大学法人宇都宮大学 | Standard treatment sheet and method for determining treatment method for detoxification of asbestos-containing material |
| JP2014054621A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-03-27 | Kitasato Institute | Asbestos detoxification method |
| KR101786310B1 (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2017-10-17 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | Detoxification method of chrysotile using alkaline solution |
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| KR101322223B1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-10-28 | 대한민국 | Detoxification method of asbestos using waste acid |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010147208A1 (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2010-12-23 | 国立大学法人宇都宮大学 | Standard treatment sheet and method for determining treatment method for detoxification of asbestos-containing material |
| JP4880800B2 (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2012-02-22 | 国立大学法人宇都宮大学 | Standard processing sheet and method for determining processing method for detoxifying asbestos-containing material |
| JP2014054621A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-03-27 | Kitasato Institute | Asbestos detoxification method |
| KR101786310B1 (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2017-10-17 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | Detoxification method of chrysotile using alkaline solution |
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