JP2009013021A - Efflorescence occurrence-inhibitory and instantly demoldable concrete block and method for predicting efflorescence occurrence - Google Patents
Efflorescence occurrence-inhibitory and instantly demoldable concrete block and method for predicting efflorescence occurrence Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 title abstract 5
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 title abstract 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 admixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282376 Panthera tigris Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011210 fiber-reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、即時脱型方法により成形したコンクリートブロックにおける白華の発生を抑えたコンクリートブロック及び白華の発生の予測方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a concrete block that suppresses the occurrence of white flower in a concrete block formed by an immediate demolding method and a method for predicting the occurrence of white flower.
加圧振動による方法で成形される即時脱型コンクリート製品は、成形直後に型枠から脱型できるため、自動化された製造ラインで効率よく生産されている。単位水量の極めて少ない超硬練り配合とすることで、脱型直後の塑性変形を抑止した即時脱型コンクリート製品を製造することができるが、一般のコンクリート組成物に比べて空隙量が多くなる。そのため、即時脱型コンクリート製品の内部では、練混ぜ水の一部や外部から浸透する雨水に起因する水分が移動し易く、可溶性の白華成分も水分の移動と共にコンクリート表面に移動するため、即時脱型コンクリート製品は一般に白華が発生し易い。 Immediately demolding concrete products molded by the method using pressurized vibration can be demolded immediately after molding, and thus are efficiently produced in an automated production line. By using an ultra-hard kneading blend with an extremely small amount of unit water, an immediate demolding concrete product that suppresses plastic deformation immediately after demolding can be produced, but the amount of voids is larger than that of a general concrete composition. For this reason, in the immediate demolding concrete product, moisture caused by some of the mixed water and rainwater penetrating from the outside easily moves, and the soluble white flower component also moves to the concrete surface as the moisture moves. Demolded concrete products generally tend to generate white flower.
白華とは、コンクリート中に含まれるＮａ２ＳＯ４、Ｋ２ＳＯ４、Ｃａ(ＯＨ)２等の可溶性成分が、水分の移動によりコンクリート表面に移動し、水分の蒸発や空気中の炭酸ガスとの反応により、白色物質を生成することである。即時脱型製品等の空隙の大きい製品の場合、水分の移動が容易であり、白華が発生しやすくなる。また、低温環境下では、Ｃａ(ＯＨ)２の溶解度が大きいこと、セメントの水和が遅くなりＣａ(ＯＨ)２が長く供給されることなどの理由により、白華が発生しやすくなる。 Hakuhana means that soluble components such as Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , and Ca (OH) 2 contained in concrete move to the concrete surface due to the movement of moisture, evaporating moisture and carbon dioxide in the air. To produce a white substance. In the case of a product having a large gap such as an immediate demolding product, the movement of moisture is easy and white flower is likely to occur. In a low-temperature environment, white flower tends to be generated due to the high solubility of Ca (OH) 2 , slow hydration of cement, and long supply of Ca (OH) 2 .
また、近年需要が伸びている顔料で着色された化粧ブロックは、特に白華が目立ち易く、外観を大きく損なう可能性が高くなっている。 In addition, makeup blocks colored with pigments, which have been increasing in demand in recent years, are particularly prominent in white flower and have a high possibility of greatly deteriorating the appearance.
即時脱型コンクリート製品における白華の発生を抑制する方法として、一般に市販されている白華低減（抑制）剤を使用する方法が挙げられるが、効果は充分とはいえず、冬季及び梅雨などの環境下では白華が発生する場合がある。 As a method for suppressing the occurrence of white flower in immediate demolding concrete products, there is a method using a commercially available white flower reducing (suppressing) agent, but the effect is not sufficient, such as in winter and rainy season White flowers may occur in the environment.
また、白華の発生を抑制する方法として、二酸化炭酸処理を行う方法（特許文献１、特許文献２）や超音波を照射する方法（特許文献３）が提案されているが、これらの方法はいずれも設備投資を必要とし、製造ラインに組み入れると生産コストが上昇し、また生産工程が増えるため生産性が低下する要因となる。
本発明は、白華の発生を抑制することができる即時脱型コンクリートブロックを提供することを目的とする。また、本発明は、即時脱型ブロックにおける白華の発生の可能性を簡易的且つ短期間で予測する方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of this invention is to provide the immediate demolding concrete block which can suppress generation | occurrence | production of white flower. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for predicting the possibility of white bloom in an immediate demolding block in a simple and short period of time.
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意検討した結果、即時脱型コンクリートブロックにおける白華の発生と、溶出カルシウムイオン積算値及びブロック充填率とが深く関係していることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that the occurrence of white flower in the immediate demolding concrete block is closely related to the integrated value of eluted calcium ions and the block filling rate. The invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明は、セメント、混和材、骨材、可塑剤、白華低減剤及び水を含むコンクリートを硬化させた即時脱型コンクリートブロックであって、溶出カルシウムイオン積算値が０．０００２７mmol／cm2以下であり、且つブロック充填率が８６％以上である即時脱型コンクリートブロックに関する。 That is, the present invention is an immediate demolding concrete block in which concrete containing cement, an admixture, an aggregate, a plasticizer, a whiteness reducing agent and water is hardened, and an integrated value of eluted calcium ions is 0.00027 mmol / cm. The present invention relates to an immediate demolding concrete block that is 2 or less and has a block filling rate of 86% or more.
また、本発明は、即時脱型コンクリートブロックから蒸発する水の量を測定する工程と、即時脱型コンクリートブロックから溶出するカルシウムイオン量を測定し、溶出カルシウムイオン積算値が０．０００２７mmol／cm2を超えているか否かを確認する工程と、即時脱型コンクリートブロックのブロック充填率を測定し、ブロック充填率が８６％を超えているか否かを確認する工程と、を含む即時脱型コンクリートブロックにおける白華の発生を予測する方法に関する。 The present invention also includes a step of measuring the amount of water that evaporates from the immediate demolding concrete block, and the amount of calcium ions eluted from the immediate demolding concrete block, and the elution calcium ion integrated value is 0.00027 mmol / cm 2. An immediate demolding concrete block comprising: a step of confirming whether or not the amount exceeds 10%, and a step of measuring the block filling rate of the immediate demolding concrete block and confirming whether or not the block filling rate exceeds 86%. The present invention relates to a method for predicting the occurrence of white flower.
本発明により、白華の発生を抑えた即時脱型コンクリートブロックの製造が可能になるとともに、白華の発生の可能性を、簡易的且つ短期間で判定することが可能となる。よって、即時脱型コンクリートブロックの製造工程において、白華の発生を防止する新たな工程が不要となり、生産性を向上できるという効果を奏する。 According to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture an immediate demolding concrete block in which the generation of white flower is suppressed, and it is possible to easily determine the possibility of white flower generation in a short period of time. Therefore, in the manufacturing process of the immediate demolding concrete block, there is no need for a new process for preventing the generation of white flower, and the productivity can be improved.
本発明において、コンクリートブロックはセメント、混和材、骨材、可塑剤、白華低減剤及び水を含む。また、本明細書で使用する用語は、コンクリートの技術分野で一般的に使用されている用語の意味、例えば、ＪＩＳ Ａ０２０３「コンクリート用語」に定義されている意味で使用される。 In the present invention, the concrete block includes cement, an admixture, an aggregate, a plasticizer, a whiteness reducing agent, and water. Further, the terms used in the present specification are used in the meaning of terms generally used in the technical field of concrete, for example, as defined in JIS A0203 “Concrete terms”.
セメントは、例えば、ＪＩＳＲ５２１０「ポルトランドセメント」、混合セメントとしてのＪＩＳＲ５２１１「高炉セメント」及びＪＩＳＲ５２１３「フライアッシュセメント」などが挙げられる。 Examples of the cement include JISR5210 “Portland cement”, JISR5211 “blast furnace cement” and JISR5213 “fly ash cement” as mixed cement.
また、混和材は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、タンカル、フライアッシュなどが挙げられる。その他必要に応じて添加される混和材として、減水剤、ＡＥ減水剤、高性能ＡＥ減水剤、凝結・硬化調節剤、防錆剤、収縮低減剤、水和熱低減剤、可塑性剤、白華低減剤などが挙げられる。
なお、可塑剤は、特に限定されるものではないが、ポリサッカライド及びポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル含むことが好ましい。また、白華低減剤は、特に限定されるものではないが、脂肪酸イオン界面活性剤を含むことが好ましい。
In addition, the admixture is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tankal and fly ash. Other admixtures added as necessary include water reducing agents, AE water reducing agents, high performance AE water reducing agents, setting / curing modifiers, rust preventives, shrinkage reducing agents, heat of hydration reducing agents, plasticizers, white flower Examples include a reducing agent.
In addition, although a plasticizer is not specifically limited, It is preferable that a polysaccharide and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether are included. Further, the white flower reducing agent is not particularly limited, but preferably contains a fatty acid ion surfactant.
骨材は、細骨材及び粗骨材のいずれも使用することができる。細骨材は、砂、砕砂、銅スラグ、高炉スラグ細骨材などが挙げられるが、銅スラグを含むことが好ましい。また、粗骨材は、砕石、高炉スラグ粗骨材などが挙げられる。 As the aggregate, either a fine aggregate or a coarse aggregate can be used. Examples of the fine aggregate include sand, crushed sand, copper slag, blast furnace slag fine aggregate, and the like, but preferably contains copper slag. Examples of the coarse aggregate include crushed stone and blast furnace slag coarse aggregate.
本発明において、即時脱型コンクリートブロックは、一般の文献などに記載されている方法によって製造することができる。
また、原料は、一般的なコンクリートミキサを使用することで混練することが可能である。
In the present invention, the immediate demolding concrete block can be produced by a method described in general literature.
The raw materials can be kneaded by using a general concrete mixer.
ブロック充填率は、コンクリートブロックの配合により決定される。ブロック充填率を８６％以上とするためには、セメント１００重量部に対して、混和材の含有量を、２９重量部以上とすることが必要であり、５０重量部以上とすることが好ましく、７０重量部以上とすることがより好ましい。
また、コンクリートブロックの水セメント比を、０．３０〜０．５５とすることが必要であり、０．３３〜０．５０とすることが好ましく、０．３８〜０．４９とすることがより好ましい。
また、コンクリートの水粉体比を、０．２５〜０．４０とすることが必要であり、０．２７〜０．３５とすることが好ましく、０．２９〜０．３１とすることがより好ましい。
また、コンクリートブロックは、可塑性剤及び白華低減剤を含むことが好ましい。
The block filling rate is determined by the blending of the concrete block. In order to make the block filling rate 86% or more, the content of the admixture needs to be 29 parts by weight or more, preferably 50 parts by weight or more, with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement. More preferably, it is 70 parts by weight or more.
Further, the water cement ratio of the concrete block needs to be 0.30 to 0.55, preferably 0.33 to 0.50, and more preferably 0.38 to 0.49. preferable.
Moreover, it is necessary to make the water powder ratio of concrete into 0.25-0.40, it is preferable to set it as 0.27-0.35, and it is more preferable to set it as 0.29-0.31. preferable.
Moreover, it is preferable that a concrete block contains a plasticizer and a white flower reducing agent.
本発明において、即時脱型コンクリートブロック製品の溶出カルシウムイオン積算値Ｃは、次式のとおり、カルシウムイオン溶出量Ａと逸散水量Ｂとの積で表される。 In this invention, the elution calcium ion integrated value C of an immediate demolding concrete block product is represented by the product of the calcium ion elution amount A and the escape water amount B as the following formula.
溶出カルシウムイオン積算値Ｃ（mmol／cm2）＝カルシウムイオン溶出量Ａ（mmol／Ｌ・cm2）×逸散水量Ｂ（Ｌ） Elution calcium ion integrated value C (mmol / cm 2 ) = Calcium ion elution amount A (mmol / L · cm 2 ) × Dispersed water amount B (L)
カルシウムイオン溶出量Ａの測定には、「涌井一、井上寛美、“即時脱型方法による繊維補強コンクリートの曲げ特性”コンクリート工学年次論文報告集 Vol.9-1、pp471-474(1987)」等に記載されている即時脱型方法を用いて成形し、必要に応じて蒸気養生したコンクリートブロックを使用した。コンクリートブロックから意匠を施した面を残すように、乾式カッターを用いて、３cm×１９cm×１０cmに切断したものを試験体とした。試験体を成形してから１日経過後、２０℃、１．５Ｌのイオン交換水に５時間浸漬し、浸漬液の一部を採取してイオンメータ（（株）堀場製作所製 Ｆ−２３）を用いてカルシウムイオン濃度を測定した。このカルシウムイオン濃度をブロックの表面積で除した値を、カルシウムイオン溶出量Ａとした。なお、表面積の算出にあたり、ブロックの化粧・意匠用テクスチャーや微細な凹凸は無視した。 For the measurement of calcium ion elution amount A, “Ichi Sakurai, Hiromi Inoue,“ Bending Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Immediate Demolding ”, Annual Report of Concrete Engineering Vol.9-1, pp471-474 (1987)” A concrete block molded using the immediate demolding method described in the above, and steam-cured as necessary was used. A specimen was cut from a concrete block into 3 cm × 19 cm × 10 cm using a dry cutter so as to leave a design-treated surface. One day after molding the test specimen, the specimen was immersed in 1.5 L of ion exchange water for 5 hours at 20 ° C., and a part of the immersion liquid was collected to obtain an ion meter (F-23, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.). Used to measure the calcium ion concentration. A value obtained by dividing the calcium ion concentration by the surface area of the block was defined as calcium ion elution amount A. In addition, in the calculation of the surface area, the texture for the makeup / design of the block and the fine irregularities were ignored.
逸散水量Ｂの測定には、上記のカルシウムイオン溶出量の測定用の試験体と同様の方法で作製した試験体を使用した。混練り後のコンクリートをブロック型枠に投入した時点から３日経過後、図１に示すように、試験体の意匠を施したブロック表面を下面にし（図１イ）、４つの側面を全て遮水性の樹脂等でシールし（図１ロ）、上面からの水分の蒸発逸散を防止するため、蓋付きプラスチックケースの底面を切り取って作製した箱（以下、「上面非蒸発シール箱」という）を取り付けた（図１ハ）。次いで、この試験体を、２０℃の水道水に１時間浸漬し（図１ニ）、この時点の試験体と上面非蒸発シール箱の質量（Ｍ1）を計量し（図１ホ）、続いて恒温恒湿器内で温度５℃、相対湿度３０％、風速０．５ｍ／ｓの条件下で、ブロック表面が下面となるように静置して乾燥し（図１ヘ）、２４時間後に試験体と上面非蒸発シール箱の質量（Ｍ2）を計量した（図１ト）。Ｍ2とＭ1の質量差分の水量を上面非蒸発シール箱の蓋を開けて供給し、サンプルに吸水させた（図１チ）。この乾燥及び吸水操作を繰返した後の蒸発水の総量を、逸散水量とした。好ましくは５回以上、より好ましくは７回以上、乾燥及び吸水操作を繰り返す。本操作を５回繰り返すことで、ブロック充填率に対する溶出水量の差が確認され、７回行うことでその差が明確になるからである。
なお、本明細書において、この乾燥及び吸水操作を合計７回行った逸散水量の値に基づいて、溶出カルシウム積算値を論じている。
For the measurement of the amount of escape water B, a test specimen prepared by the same method as the test specimen for measuring the calcium ion elution amount was used. After 3 days from the time when the concrete after mixing is put into the block form, as shown in FIG. 1, the block surface with the design of the test body is made the lower surface (FIG. 1A), and all four sides are water-impervious. In order to prevent the evaporation of moisture from the top surface (Fig. 1B), a box made by cutting off the bottom of the plastic case with a lid (hereinafter referred to as the “top non-evaporating seal box”) Attached (FIG. 1C). Next, the test specimen was immersed in tap water at 20 ° C. for 1 hour (FIG. 1D), and the mass (M 1 ) of the test specimen and the top non-evaporating sealed box at this time were weighed (FIG. 1E). In a thermo-hygrostat, the block surface is left to stand on the lower surface under conditions of a temperature of 5 ° C., a relative humidity of 30%, and a wind speed of 0.5 m / s (FIG. 1F), and 24 hours later The mass (M 2 ) of the test specimen and the top non-evaporating sealed box was weighed (FIG. 1G). The amount of water of the mass difference between M 2 and M 1 was supplied by opening the top non-evaporating seal box lid, and the sample was allowed to absorb water (FIG. 1 h). The total amount of evaporated water after repeating this drying and water absorption operation was defined as the amount of lost water. Preferably, the drying and water absorption operations are repeated 5 times or more, more preferably 7 times or more. This is because by repeating this operation 5 times, the difference in the amount of elution water with respect to the block filling rate is confirmed, and by performing this operation 7 times, the difference becomes clear.
In addition, in this specification, the elution calcium integrated value is discussed based on the value of the amount of scattered water which performed this drying and water absorption operation 7 times in total.
下記に示すように、ブロック充填率Ｈは、成形直後の即時脱型コンクリートブロックの質量Ｄと容積Ｅから算出されるブロックの密度Ｆと、得られた即時脱型コンクリートブロックを成形するために用いたコンクリートの単位容積質量Ｇとの比で表される。 As shown below, the block filling rate H is used for molding the immediately-demolded concrete block obtained from the mass D and the volume E of the immediately-demolded concrete block immediately after molding, and the density F of the block. It is expressed as a ratio to the unit volume mass G of the concrete.
ブロックの密度Ｆ（ｇ／cm3）＝ブロックの質量Ｄ（ｇ）／ブロックの容積Ｅ（cm3）
ブロック充填率Ｈ（％）＝ブロックの密度Ｆ（ｇ／cm3）／コンクリートの単位容積質量Ｇ（ｇ／cm3）×１００
Block density F (g / cm 3 ) = Block mass D (g) / Block volume E (cm 3 )
Block filling rate H (%) = Block density F (g / cm 3 ) / Concrete unit volume mass G (g / cm 3 ) × 100
また、白華の発生量は、逸散水量を測定する試験操作において、ブロック表面に発生した白華の量で表され、目視観察により、ブロック表面全体に白華が発生した場合を×、部分的に白華が発生した場合を△、白華が発生しない場合を○とした。 In addition, the amount of white flower generated is represented by the amount of white flower generated on the block surface in the test operation for measuring the amount of scattered water. In the case where white flower was generated, Δ was given, and the case where white flower was not generated was given ○.
本発明において、即時脱型コンクリートブロックの白華の発生を抑制するためには、溶出カルシウムイオン積算値が０．０００２７mmol／cm2以下であり、且つブロック充填率が８６％以上であることが必要であり、溶出カルシウムイオン積算値が０．００２０mmol／cm2以下であり、且つブロック充填率が８８％以上であることが好ましく、溶出カルシウムイオン積算値が０．０００１０mmol／cm2以下であり、且つブロック充填率が９０％以上であることがより好ましい。 In the present invention, in order to suppress the occurrence of white flower in the immediate demolding concrete block, it is necessary that the integrated value of eluted calcium ions is 0.00027 mmol / cm 2 or less and the block filling rate is 86% or more. And the eluted calcium ion integrated value is preferably 0.0020 mmol / cm 2 or less, and the block filling rate is preferably 88% or more, and the eluted calcium ion integrated value is 0.00010 mmol / cm 2 or less, and The block filling rate is more preferably 90% or more.
溶出カルシウムイオン積算値Ａは、そのコンクリートブロック中に含まれる白華を生じさせる重要な成分である溶解性のカルシウム量が相対的に多いか少ないか、また部分的に溶出したカルシウムの移動度の指標となり得ると考えられる。一方、ブロック充填率Ｈは、ブロックの空隙量が多いか少ないか、また溶出した白華成分のブロック表面への移動のし易さの指標となりえると考えられる。溶出カルシウムイオン積算値が、０．０００２７mmol／cm2を超え、さらには０．００１０mmol／cm2を超えると、白華の多量発生の原因になるため好ましくない。一方、即時脱型コンクリートブロックのブロック充填率が８６％未満、さらには８２％未満であると、白華が多量に発生しやすくなると考えられるため、好ましくない。 The dissolved calcium ion integrated value A is a relatively large or small amount of soluble calcium, which is an important component for producing white flower contained in the concrete block, and the mobility of partially eluted calcium. It can be an indicator. On the other hand, the block filling rate H is considered to be an indicator of whether the amount of voids in the block is large or small, and the ease of movement of the eluted white flower component to the block surface. When the eluted calcium ion integrated value exceeds 0.00027 mmol / cm 2 , and further exceeds 0.0010 mmol / cm 2 , it is not preferable because a large amount of white flower is generated. On the other hand, when the block filling rate of the immediate demolding concrete block is less than 86%, further less than 82%, it is considered that a large amount of white flower is likely to be generated, which is not preferable.
以下、実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、これらの説明は例示であり、本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are given and this invention is demonstrated concretely, these description is an illustration and does not limit the scope of the present invention.
使用した即時脱型コンクリートブロックは、普通ポルトランドセメント、骨材、水、混和材、ポリサッカライド及びポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェノールを含有する可塑剤（商品名 ルブリリス１００（ＢＡＳＦ社製））、脂肪酸イオン界面活性剤を含有する白華低減剤（商品名 ルブリリス６４０（ＢＡＳＦ社製））を含む。これらの材料を２分間モルタルミキサで練り混ぜた後、即時脱型ブロック成形機（タイガーマシン製作所製）を用いて成形した。成形後、温度３０℃、相対湿度１００％で１時間保持し、７．５℃／ｈの昇温速度で４時間かけて６０℃に昇温し、温度６０℃、相対湿度１００％で１時間保持し、７．５℃／ｈの降温速度で２時間かけて４５℃に降温する条件で、コンクリートブロックを養生した。その後、温度２０℃、相対湿度６０％の条件で、コンクリートブロックを試験開始まで保管した。 The immediate demolding concrete block used is a plasticizer (trade name Lubrilli 100 (manufactured by BASF)) containing normal Portland cement, aggregate, water, admixture, polysaccharide and polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, fatty acid ion surfactant Containing a white flower reducing agent (trade name Lubrillis 640 (manufactured by BASF)). These materials were kneaded with a mortar mixer for 2 minutes and then molded using an immediate demolding block molding machine (manufactured by Tiger Machine Seisakusho). After molding, hold at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a relative humidity of 100% for 1 hour, raise the temperature to 60 ° C. over 4 hours at a heating rate of 7.5 ° C./h, and at a temperature of 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 100% for 1 hour. The concrete block was cured under the condition that the temperature was decreased to 45 ° C. over 2 hours at a temperature decrease rate of 7.5 ° C./h. Thereafter, the concrete block was stored until the start of the test under the conditions of a temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60%.
実施例１〜３及び比較例１〜４について、配合割合を表１に示す。実施例１、２、比較例１、２では、普通ポルトランドセメントを使用し、水セメント比０．３６〜０．４９の配合で、混和材としてタンカルを使用して即時脱型コンクリートブロックを得た。
実施例１及び実施例２は、ブロック充填率８６％を満たす対策をとり、その結果実施例１は８９．５％、実施例２は９３．２％であった。一方、比較例１は８５．６％、比較例２は８５．９％であった。
実施例３では、普通ポルトランドセメントを使用し、水セメント比０．４９の配合割合で、混和材としてフライアッシュを使用して、ブロック充填率８６％を満たす対策をとり、即時脱型コンクリートブロックを得た。ブロック充填率は８７．９％であった。
比較例３では、普通ポルトランドセメントを使用し、水セメント比０．３７の配合割合で、混和材としてシラスを使用して、即時脱型コンクリートブロックを得た。ブロック充填率は８３．０％であった。
比較例４では、普通ポルトランドセメントを使用し、水セメント比０．３３の配合割合で混和材を使用せず、即時脱型コンクリートブロックを得た。ブロック充填率は８１．７％であった。
Table 1 shows the blending ratios of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4. In Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, ordinary Portland cement was used, and a water cement ratio of 0.36 to 0.49 was used to obtain an immediate demolding concrete block using Tankar as an admixture. .
Examples 1 and 2 took measures to satisfy the block filling rate of 86%. As a result, Example 1 was 89.5% and Example 2 was 93.2%. On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 was 85.6%, and Comparative Example 2 was 85.9%.
In Example 3, normal Portland cement was used, a mixture ratio of water cement ratio of 0.49, fly ash was used as an admixture, and measures were taken to satisfy a block filling rate of 86%. Obtained. The block filling rate was 87.9%.
In Comparative Example 3, ordinary Portland cement was used, and immediately demolded concrete block was obtained using Shirasu as an admixture at a mixing ratio of water cement ratio of 0.37. The block filling rate was 83.0%.
In Comparative Example 4, ordinary Portland cement was used, and an immediate demolding concrete block was obtained without using an admixture at a mixing ratio of a water cement ratio of 0.33. The block filling rate was 81.7%.
実施例１〜３及び比較例１〜４について、前記の測定装置を用いて、溶出カルシウムイオン積算量及び逸散水量を求めた。本実施例において、逸散水量は７回乾燥及び吸水を繰り返した値を使用した。 About Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, the elution calcium ion integration amount and the amount of escape water were calculated | required using the said measuring apparatus. In this example, the amount of escape water used was a value obtained by repeating drying and water absorption seven times.
実施例１〜３及び比較例１〜４について、ブロック充填率、カルシウムイオン溶出量、逸散水量、溶出カルシウムイオン積算値及び白華の発生状態を、表２に示す。実施例１及び比較例２の対比から、カルシウムイオン溶出量の低域が白華発生を抑制することがわかる。 Table 2 shows the block filling rate, the calcium ion elution amount, the escape water amount, the elution calcium ion integrated value, and the white flower generation state for Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4. From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the low region of the calcium ion elution amount suppresses the generation of white flower.
すなわち、即時脱型コンクリートにおける白華の発生を抑制する指標として、溶出カルシウムイオン積算値とブロック充填率とが挙げられ、溶出カルシウムイオン積算値が、０．０００２７mmol／cm2以下であることが必要であり、０．０００２０mmol／cm2以下であることが好ましく、０．０００１０mmol／cm2以下であることがより好ましい。また、ブロック充填率が、８６％以上であることが必要であり、８８％以上であることが好ましく、９０％以上であることがより好ましい。そして、これらの指標と白華の発生状況とが対応することから、これらの指標を求めることは、製造される即時脱型コンクリートブロックにおける白華の発生の可能性を判断する方法として有用であり、並びに簡易的且つ短時間で求めることができる。 That is, as an index for suppressing the occurrence of white flower in immediate demolding concrete, the eluted calcium ion integrated value and the block filling rate can be mentioned, and the eluted calcium ion integrated value needs to be 0.00027 mmol / cm 2 or less. , and the is preferably 0.00020mmol / cm 2 or less, and more preferably 0.00010mmol / cm 2 or less. The block filling rate needs to be 86% or more, preferably 88% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. And since these indicators correspond to the occurrence of white flower, obtaining these indicators is useful as a method for judging the possibility of white flower occurrence in the immediate demolding concrete block to be manufactured. In addition, it can be obtained simply and in a short time.
Claims (8)
即時脱型コンクリートブロックから溶出するカルシウムイオン量を測定し、溶出カルシウムイオン積算値が０．０００２７ｍｍｏｌ／ｃｍ２を超えているか否かを確認する工程と、
即時脱型コンクリートブロックのブロック充填率を測定し、ブロック充填率が８６％を超えているか否かを確認する工程と、を含む
即時脱型コンクリートブロックにおける白華の発生を予測する方法。 Measuring the amount of water evaporating from the immediate demolding concrete block;
A step of measuring the amount of calcium ions eluted from the immediate demolding concrete block and confirming whether or not the integrated value of dissolved calcium ions exceeds 0.00027 mmol / cm 2 ;
Measuring the block filling rate of the immediate demolding concrete block and confirming whether the block filling rate exceeds 86%, or a method for predicting the occurrence of white flower in the immediate demolding concrete block.
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