JP2009000530A - Insole for footwear - Google Patents

Insole for footwear Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2009000530A
JP2009000530A JP2008161843A JP2008161843A JP2009000530A JP 2009000530 A JP2009000530 A JP 2009000530A JP 2008161843 A JP2008161843 A JP 2008161843A JP 2008161843 A JP2008161843 A JP 2008161843A JP 2009000530 A JP2009000530 A JP 2009000530A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
footwear
insole
air
chamber
air discharge
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JP2008161843A
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Japanese (ja)
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Jae Myong Lee
ジェミョン イ
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Individual
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/02Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined wedge-like or resilient
    • A43B17/03Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined wedge-like or resilient filled with a gas, e.g. air
    • A43B17/035Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined wedge-like or resilient filled with a gas, e.g. air provided with a pump or valve
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/06Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
    • A43B7/08Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures
    • A43B7/082Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures the air being expelled to the outside
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/12Soles with several layers of different materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18Resilient soles
    • A43B13/20Pneumatic soles filled with a compressible fluid, e.g. air, gas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/08Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined ventilated

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an insole for footwear which can quickly discharge odors or moisture arising from inside the footwear. <P>SOLUTION: This insole for footwear is provided with upper and lower boards 2 to which a plastic film is adhered by high-frequency gluing, a chamber formed between the upper and lower boards containing a buffer compression member to be located in the back when worn, an air introducing means 6 connected with the chamber and located in the front to be capable of introducing the inside footwear air into the chamber, and an air discharging means 8 connected with the chamber to be capable of discharging the introduced air out. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は履物用中敷き(in−sole)に関するものであって、さらに詳しくは独立した商品として構成される中敷きに履物内部の悪臭及び湿気などを除去することができる排出手段を設け、さまざまな履物に結合、使用するようにして、履物内部の衛生性の向上及び快適な着用感を提供して究極的には足の健康を図ることができるようにした履物用中敷きに関する。   The present invention relates to an insole for footwear, and more particularly, an insole configured as an independent product is provided with a discharging means capable of removing malodor and moisture inside the footwear, and various footwear. The present invention relates to an insole for footwear that can improve the hygiene of the inside of the footwear and provide a comfortable wearing feeling, and ultimately can improve the health of the foot.

通常、履物内部には空気が円滑に循環せず、汗などの分泌物による細菌繁殖及び悪臭発生の主要原因となっている。   Normally, air does not circulate smoothly inside the footwear, which is a major cause of bacterial growth and odor generation due to secretions such as sweat.

かかる問題点を改善するため、履物の中底(mid−sole)に通気手段を有するさまざまな履物が案出され、かつ使用されているが、前記中底の上には中敷きが配置されて履物を着用かつ使用することになるため、足からの汗などの分泌物による悪臭、湿気などを中底で作動する通気手段によって履物外部に円滑に排出させず、中底は履物の製造の時に履物に固定されて売り出されるので、他の履物を着用しようとする場合は使用が不可能なことなど多くの問題点があった。   In order to remedy such problems, various footwear having ventilation means on the mid-sole of the footwear has been devised and used, and an insole is disposed on the insole. Since the odor and moisture due to secretions such as sweat from the feet will not be discharged smoothly by the ventilation means that operates on the insole, the insole will be worn during footwear production. There are many problems, such as being impossible to use when trying to wear other footwear.

具体的には、これまでに履物の底部に、歩行時にかかる体重圧により空気を排出することが可能な空気圧送体を設け、この空気圧送体から排出された空気を靴内部に循環させることにより、靴内の通気性を向上させる履物用中敷きが提案されている(特許文献1)。また、靴内に挿入し、歩行時の動作に連動して、靴内の空気を循環させることができる装置が提案されている(特許文献2)。しかしながら、依然として靴内における細菌の繁殖及び悪臭の発生に関する問題点は十分に改善されていない。   Specifically, by providing a pneumatic feeder at the bottom of the footwear that can discharge air by weight pressure applied during walking, and circulating the air discharged from the pneumatic feeder inside the shoe. An insole for footwear that improves the breathability in shoes has been proposed (Patent Document 1). In addition, a device that can be inserted into a shoe and circulate the air in the shoe in conjunction with an action during walking has been proposed (Patent Document 2). However, the problems related to bacterial growth and the generation of malodor in shoes are still not sufficiently improved.

特開平9−65905号公報JP-A-9-65905 特開2004−275201号公報JP 2004-275201 A

そこで、本発明は上記のような従来の履物用通気手段が有する諸般の問題点を解消できるように新たな履物用中敷きを提供しようとするものであって、 特に履物とは別個の独立化した商品として売り出すことができることから、さまざまな履物に適用することができ、履物内部から発生した悪臭及び湿気などを迅速に履物外部に排出することができるようにした履物用中敷きを提供することを解決課題とする。   Therefore, the present invention is to provide a new insole for footwear so as to solve the various problems of the conventional ventilation means for footwear as described above. Since it can be sold as a product, it can be applied to various footwear, and it solves the problem of providing an insole for footwear that can quickly discharge malodors and moisture generated from inside the footwear to the outside of the footwear. Let it be an issue.

前記課題を解決するために、本発明はさまざまな履物(5)に入れて使用することができる履物用中敷き(1)において、前記中敷き(1)は合成樹脂製フィルムを高周波接着して固定させた上下板材(2、3)と、前記上下板材(2、3)の間に形成され、履物の着用時に後側に位置される緩衝圧縮部材(13)が入ったチャンバー(4)と、前記チャンバー(4)と連通され、履物の着用時に前側に位置されて履物内部の空気をチャンバー(4)に流入することができる空気流入手段(6)と、前記チャンバー(4)と連通され、流入された空気を外部に排出することができる空気排出手段(8)とを備えたことを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an insole (1) for footwear that can be used in various footwear (5), wherein the insole (1) fixes a synthetic resin film by high frequency bonding. A chamber (4) containing a buffer compression member (13) formed between the upper and lower plate members (2, 3) and the upper and lower plate members (2, 3) and positioned on the rear side when the footwear is worn; An air inflow means (6) that is in communication with the chamber (4) and is located on the front side when the footwear is worn and that allows air inside the footwear to flow into the chamber (4), and in communication with the chamber (4) And air discharge means (8) capable of discharging the generated air to the outside.

本発明で提供する履物用中敷き1は独立化した商品として製作することができることから、さまざまな履物5に入れて履物5内部から発生する悪臭及び湿気などを迅速に外部に排出させることができ、これにより履物5の着用の時の着用感を向上させ、足の健康にも大変役立つことができるなど、その期待される効果が多大な発明である。   Since the insole 1 for footwear provided in the present invention can be produced as an independent product, it can be quickly put into various footwear 5 to quickly discharge malodors and moisture generated from the inside of the footwear 5 to the outside. As a result, the expected effect is greatly invented, such as improving the feeling of wear when the footwear 5 is worn, and being very useful for foot health.

図1は本発明で提供する履物用中敷き1を示す斜視図で、図2、3は本発明の中敷き1を構成する上下板材2、3を抜粋した平面図などを示したものであって、これら図面とともに本発明を詳細に説明する。   FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an insole 1 for footwear provided by the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 show plan views and the like extracted from upper and lower plate members 2 and 3 constituting the insole 1 of the present invention. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to these drawings.

本発明の中敷き1は、上下板材からなる合成樹脂製フィルム(PVCフィルムなど)の板材2、3の間には、歩行の時発生する踏み力によってチャンバー4を圧縮して履物5の内部の空気を流入することができるようにした空気流入手段6と、履物5の内部の空気を流入する時に異物及びほこりなどを濾すためのフィルター部材7と、流入された空気を履物5の外部に排出するための空気排出手段8と、排出の時に発生する騒音を遮断するための騒音遮断部材9とをそれぞれ設けて、上下板材2、3を金型内部に取り付けた後、高周波接着などの方法で一体化した中敷き1を提供することを特徴とする。   The insole 1 according to the present invention has a chamber 4 compressed between the plate materials 2 and 3 of a synthetic resin film (PVC film or the like) made of upper and lower plate materials, and the air inside the footwear 5 is compressed by a stepping force generated during walking. Air inflow means 6 that can flow in, a filter member 7 for filtering out foreign matters and dust when the air inside the footwear 5 flows in, and the inflowing air is discharged to the outside of the footwear 5 Air discharge means 8 for noise and a noise blocking member 9 for blocking noise generated at the time of discharge are provided, and the upper and lower plate members 2 and 3 are attached to the inside of the mold, and then integrated by a method such as high frequency bonding. The present invention is characterized by providing an insole 1 that has been converted into an insole.

このために前記板材2、3はEVAフィルム、PVCフィルムのような合成樹脂製フィルムで図2、3のように裁断する。   For this purpose, the plate members 2 and 3 are cut with a synthetic resin film such as an EVA film or a PVC film as shown in FIGS.

上部板材2は履物5の号数に応じてその寸法をさまざまに構成するようにし、 板材2の上面部、つまり、使用者の足が接する部分には繊維材などが圧着固定された合成樹脂製フィルムを使用することが 好ましい。   The upper plate 2 is made of various sizes according to the number of the footwear 5, and the upper surface of the plate 2, that is, the portion where the user's foot is in contact is made of a synthetic resin in which a fiber material is fixed by pressure. It is preferable to use a film.

また板材2の前側と後側にはそれぞれ貫通孔10、11を形成して下部板材3に設けられるフィルター部材7の中で、1次フィルター12及びチャンバー4が上下板材2を高周波接着する時、露出できるようにする。   Further, in the filter member 7 provided in the lower plate 3 by forming through holes 10 and 11 on the front side and the rear side of the plate 2 respectively, when the primary filter 12 and the chamber 4 adhere the upper and lower plates 2 at high frequency, Allow exposure.

前記下部板材3には前述したように、歩行の時発生する踏み力によってチャンバー4を圧縮して履物5の内部の空気を流入することができるようにした空気流入手段6と、履物5の内部空気を流入する時、異物及びほこりなどを濾すためのフィルター部材7と、流入された空気を履物5の外部に排出するための空気排出手段8と、排出の時発生する騒音を遮断するための騒音遮断部材9とをそれぞれ設けるが、前記チャンバー4の内部にはポリウレタンフォームなどからなる緩衝圧縮部材13が入れられ、前記チャンバー4と、1、2次フィルター12、14は下部板材3の前側から後側へ相互連通するように空気流入管15で連結される。   As described above, the lower plate member 3 includes an air inflow means 6 that allows the air inside the footwear 5 to flow in by compressing the chamber 4 by the stepping force generated during walking, and the inside of the footwear 5. A filter member 7 for filtering out foreign matter and dust when air flows in, an air discharge means 8 for discharging the flowed-in air to the outside of the footwear 5, and a noise for blocking noise generated at the time of discharge A noise blocking member 9 is provided, and a buffer compression member 13 made of polyurethane foam or the like is placed inside the chamber 4, and the chamber 4 and the first and second filters 12 and 14 are disposed from the front side of the lower plate 3. The air inflow pipe 15 is connected so as to communicate with the rear side.

前記1次フィルター12は履物5の内部の空気を流入する時 、大きい異物を濾し、2次フィルター14は1次フィルター12で濾されない微細なほこりや異物を濾すことになる。   When the primary filter 12 flows in the air inside the footwear 5, large foreign matters are filtered, and the secondary filter 14 filters fine dust and foreign matters that are not filtered by the primary filter 12.

前記空気流入管15の後端、つまりチャンバー4と連通される入り口には一方向のみの空気が流入されることができるチェック弁16が設けられ、履物5の内部の空気がチャンバー4の上に流入できるようにし、前記チャンバー4の一側には空気排出手段8及び騒音遮断部材9が連通される空気排出管17の上に設けられる。   A check valve 16 is provided at the rear end of the air inflow pipe 15, that is, the entrance communicating with the chamber 4, so that air in only one direction can be introduced, and the air inside the footwear 5 is placed on the chamber 4. An air discharge means 8 and a noise blocking member 9 are provided on one side of the chamber 4 on an air discharge pipe 17 in communication with each other.

つまり、前記空気排出管17の入り口には一方向のみの空気が排出されるチェック弁18が設けられ、チャンバー4の上に流入された履物5の内部の空気が履物5の外部に排出できるようにし、空気排出管17の中途には排出される空気により発生され得る騒音が遮断できるように騒音遮断部材9が設けられる。   That is, a check valve 18 is provided at the entrance of the air discharge pipe 17 to discharge air in only one direction so that the air inside the footwear 5 flowing into the chamber 4 can be discharged to the outside of the footwear 5. In the middle of the air discharge pipe 17, a noise blocking member 9 is provided so as to block noise that can be generated by the discharged air.

前記空気排出管17の端部は履物5外部と連通されるように甲皮の上端部に位置させることが好ましく、図8のように、軍靴、長靴のような丈が長い履物5に本発明の中敷き1を使用する場合には、別途に備えられる補助空気排出管17aを前記空気排出管17に連結して使用するようにする。   The end of the air discharge pipe 17 is preferably positioned at the upper end of the upper so as to communicate with the outside of the footwear 5, and the present invention is applied to a footwear 5 having a long length such as a military boot or boots as shown in FIG. When using the insole 1, an auxiliary air discharge pipe 17 a provided separately is connected to the air discharge pipe 17 for use.

前記のように構成される本発明の中敷き1は、さまざまな履物5に結合して履物5の内部で発生する悪臭及び湿気などを迅速に外部に排出させ、履物5の内部を清潔に保持させることによって、足の健康に大変役立つことができ、このような作用などを以下でより詳しく説明する。   The insole 1 of the present invention configured as described above is coupled to various footwear 5 to quickly discharge malodors and moisture generated inside the footwear 5 to the outside, and keep the inside of the footwear 5 clean. This can be very useful for foot health and will be described in more detail below.

中敷き1を履物5の内部に結合させた後、履物5を着用して歩行したら、 歩行者の足が地面に接する時発生する踏み力がチャンバー4の内部の緩衝圧力部材13を圧縮し、足を地面から離したら、圧縮されていた緩衝圧力部材13がその自体の復元力により、元に復元される作動を繰り返すが、緩衝圧力部材13の圧縮の時には、空気排出手段8を構成する空気排出管17上のチェック弁18が開放されながらチャンバー4内部の空気が空気排出管17の騒音遮断部材9を経て履物5の外部に排出され、緩衝圧力部材13の復元の時には、空気流入手段6を構成する空気流入管15のチェック弁16が開放され、履物5内部の前側の(悪臭及び湿気を含む)空気をフィルター部材7を構成する1次フィルター12及び2次フィルター14を順次経てチャンバー4の内部に流入させることになる。   After the insole 1 is coupled to the inside of the footwear 5, when walking with the footwear 5, the stepping force generated when the pedestrian's foot touches the ground compresses the buffer pressure member 13 inside the chamber 4, When the buffering pressure member 13 is compressed, the compressed buffering pressure member 13 is repeatedly restored to its original state by its own restoring force. While the check valve 18 on the pipe 17 is opened, the air inside the chamber 4 is discharged to the outside of the footwear 5 through the noise blocking member 9 of the air discharge pipe 17, and when the buffer pressure member 13 is restored, the air inflow means 6 is turned on. The check valve 16 of the air inflow pipe 15 is opened, and the air inside the footwear 5 (including bad odor and moisture) is sequentially passed through the primary filter 12 and the secondary filter 14 constituting the filter member 7. Thus, it flows into the chamber 4.

前記1次フィルター12は履物5内部にある各種の異物及びほこりの 中、大きい粒子を先に濾し、2次フィルター14は1次フィルター12で濾されない微細なほこりなどを濾して、チェック弁16がほこりなどによって故障することを防止するようにする。   The primary filter 12 filters large particles in the various foreign matters and dust in the footwear 5 first, the secondary filter 14 filters fine dust that is not filtered by the primary filter 12, and the check valve 16 Try to prevent it from being damaged by dust.

このように空気流入手段6を介してチャンバー4の内部に流入された空気は、前述のようにチャンバー4内の緩衝圧力部材13の圧縮の時に空気排出手段8を介して外部に排出され、これにより履物5の内部の前側で汗などの分泌物による悪臭及び湿気などを迅速に外部に排出させ、履物5の着用の時に快適な着用感が保持できる。   Thus, the air that has flowed into the chamber 4 through the air inflow means 6 is discharged to the outside through the air discharge means 8 when the buffer pressure member 13 in the chamber 4 is compressed as described above. Thus, malodors and moisture due to secretions such as sweat are quickly discharged to the outside on the front side of the footwear 5, and a comfortable wearing feeling can be maintained when the footwear 5 is worn.

さらに前記履物5が軍靴や長靴のように丈が長い場合は、前記空気排出手段8を構成する空気排出管17の端部に補助空気排出管17aを連結して、履物5の上端部に配管させてから使用すればよい。   Furthermore, when the footwear 5 is long like a military boot or boots, an auxiliary air discharge pipe 17a is connected to the end of the air discharge pipe 17 constituting the air discharge means 8, and a pipe is connected to the upper end of the footwear 5. Use it after letting it go.

一方、本発明は、本発明の属する技術の分野における通常の知識を有する者にとって、本発明の技術的思想を外れない範囲内で、いろんな置換変形及び変更が可能なものであって、勿論、前述の図面と構成の説明上に示した実施例に限るものではない。   On the other hand, the present invention is capable of various substitutional changes and modifications within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention for those who have ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the above description of the drawings and configuration.

は本発明で提供する履物用中敷きの好ましい一実施例を示した斜視図。FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a preferred embodiment of an insole for footwear provided by the present invention. は本発明で提供する履物用中敷きを構成する上部板材を示した平面構成図。FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an upper plate material constituting an insole for footwear provided in the present invention. は本発明で提供する履物用中敷きを構成する下部板材を示した平面構成図。FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a lower plate constituting the insole for footwear provided in the present invention. は本発明で提供する履物用中敷きの正面構成図。FIG. 3 is a front view of an insole for footwear provided by the present invention. は本発明で提供する履物用中敷きの上下板材を分解した斜視図。FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the upper and lower plate materials of the insole for footwear provided in the present invention. は本発明で提供する履物用中敷きに補助空気排出管を使用する場合を示した斜視図。FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a case where an auxiliary air discharge pipe is used for an insole for footwear provided in the present invention. は本発明で提供する履物用中敷きの一使用状態を示した断面図。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing one use state of an insole for footwear provided by the present invention. は本発明で提供する履物用中敷きの他の使用状態を示した断面図。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another use state of an insole for footwear provided in the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 中敷き
2、3 (上下)板材
4 チャンバー
5 履物
6 空気流入手段
7 フィルター部材
8 空気排出手段
9 騒音遮断部材
10、11 貫通孔
12 1次フィルター
13 緩衝圧縮部材
14 2次フィルター
15 空気流入管
16 チェック弁
17 空気排出管
17a 補助空気排出管
18 チェック弁



















1 Insole 2, 3 (Upper and lower) plate material 4 Chamber
5 Footwear 6 Air inflow means 7 Filter member 8 Air discharge means 9 Noise blocking members 10, 11 Through hole 12 Primary filter
13 Buffer compression member
14 Secondary filter
15 Air inflow pipe 16 Check valve 17 Air exhaust pipe 17a Auxiliary air exhaust pipe 18 Check valve



















Claims (3)

さまざまな履物(5)に入れて使用することができる履物用中敷き(1)において、
前記中敷き(1)は合成樹脂製フィルムを高周波接着して固定させた上下板材(2、3)と、
前記上下板材(2、3)の間に形成され、履物の着用の時、後側に位置される緩衝圧縮部材(13)が入ったチャンバー(4)と、
前記チャンバー(4)と連通され、履物の着用の時に前側に位置されて履物内部の空気をチャンバー(4)に流入することができる空気流入手段(6)と、
前記チャンバー(4)と連通され、流入された空気を外部に排出することができる空気排出手段(8)とを備えたことを特徴とする履物用中敷き。
In the insole (1) for footwear that can be used in various footwear (5),
The insole (1) is an upper and lower plate material (2, 3) to which a synthetic resin film is fixed by high-frequency adhesion;
A chamber (4) formed between the upper and lower plate members (2, 3) and containing a buffer compression member (13) located on the rear side when the footwear is worn;
An air inflow means (6) that communicates with the chamber (4) and that is positioned on the front side when the footwear is worn and that allows air inside the footwear to flow into the chamber (4);
An insole for footwear, comprising air discharge means (8) communicated with the chamber (4) and capable of discharging the introduced air to the outside.
前記空気流入手段(6)はチャンバー(4)から中敷き(1)の前側へ配管される空気流入管(15)と、
前記空気流入管(15)に設けられる1、2次フィルター(12、14)と、チェック弁(16)とからなり、
前記空気排出手段(8)はチャンバー(4)から履物(5)の外側へ配管される空気排出管(17)と、
前記空気排出管(17)に設けられる騒音遮断部材(9)と、チェック弁(18)とからなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の履物用中敷き。
The air inflow means (6) includes an air inflow pipe (15) piped from the chamber (4) to the front side of the insole (1),
The air inflow pipe (15) comprises a primary and secondary filter (12, 14) and a check valve (16).
The air discharge means (8) includes an air discharge pipe (17) piped from the chamber (4) to the outside of the footwear (5),
The insole for footwear according to claim 1, comprising a noise blocking member (9) provided in the air discharge pipe (17) and a check valve (18).
前記空気排出管(17)には補助空気排出管(17a)を連結して丈が長い履物(5)に使用するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項2記載の履物用中敷き。
The insole for footwear according to claim 2, wherein an auxiliary air discharge pipe (17a) is connected to the air discharge pipe (17) for use in footwear (5) having a long length.
JP2008161843A 2007-06-25 2008-06-20 Insole for footwear Pending JP2009000530A (en)

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