JP2008546980A - Improved energy storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are systems and methods that improve energy use efficiency. In particular, the disclosed system can improve the efficiency of use of renewable energy through selective storage and selective extraction of thermal energy forms. Thermal energy is generated by collecting thermal energy from the sun or by converting electrical energy from a windmill. This energy is then stored in an underground ground loop device or fluid in a tank filled with fluid, which fluid is connected to the borehole ground loop. The thermal energy is then used to drive the heat pump, producing hot water.

Description

      The present invention relates to the technical field of energy efficiency, and more particularly to a system and method for improving the efficiency of energy use.

      In February 2003, the British government published an energy white paper, which appealed for the need to improve energy efficiency. In summary, the goal of significantly reducing carbon emissions states that at least 50% of the reduction is possible only by improving energy efficiency. This is the core of the UK government's energy policy. Suppressing demand for the electricity supply network directly leads to a reduction in carbon emissions.

      Another problem is the problem of fuel depletion. Millions of homes in the UK will not be able to adequately heat their homes. Some heating systems are inefficient and expensive to operate, and there is a great need for alternative energy efficient and inexpensive means.

      Energy from sunlight is the most widely available energy source and is the most promising. Solar panels are mainly used for power generation, but solar panels for water heating (water heating) are also known. A solar panel for water heating is used as a hot water source.

      The disadvantage of this water heating solar panel is that it cannot always provide enough heat to provide a hot water source for the home. At night and on cloudy days, sufficient heat energy cannot be supplied, and a general household water heater must be relied upon. Therefore, there is a need to improve household energy efficiency under appropriate conditions.

      The need for a more efficient use of energy lies in the use of heat pumps in the recent view. A heat pump is a heat exchanger that transfers heat from one place to another, and efficiently exchanges high and low temperatures. A refrigerator is one of heat pumps, and heat is taken out from a food storage area (inside) and released to the outside through a discharger located behind the refrigerator.

      Another use of heat pumps is to take advantage of various sustainable energy benefits. For example, utilizing the heat from the atmosphere, underground, or even water heated by sunlight or the earth. In order to transfer thermal energy from one place to another, a little power is needed, but the energy transferred by heat is several times the energy generated by electricity. This heat transfer provides a way to improve conventional home and commercial water heater systems. Assuming that 30% of the 1997 CO2 emissions were used to heat the building, the CO2 emissions could be significantly reduced by adopting more efficient methods.

      Under the above conditions, where the heat source from which energy is drawn is not always at the optimal operating temperature, the heat pump does not always operate at optimal efficiency. In addition, weather conditions and seasons are also related to some degree to the efficiency of the heat pump.

      An object of the present invention is to provide a system that utilizes energy more efficiently.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, an energy storage system is provided, the system comprising:
(A) energy extraction means for extracting energy from an energy source;
(B) energy storage means for removably storing the extracted energy;
(C) energy output means for discharging energy from the energy storage means while controlling the energy;
(D) energy transfer means for transferring energy between the energy extraction means, energy storage means and energy output means;
(E) Energy transfer control means for controlling energy transfer among the energy extraction means, energy storage means, and energy output means.

      Preferably, the energy transfer control means operates to optimize the energy flowing in the energy output means.

      Preferably, the energy storage system further comprises (F) a heat pump disposed between the energy storage means and the energy output means.

      Preferably, the energy transfer means comprises a conduit connecting a plurality of components of the system.

      Preferably, the conduit is hollow and contains a fluid, which stores heat energy and transfers it by flowing through the conduit.

      As an option, the fluid is a glycol.

      In another form, the fluid is water.

      Preferably, the energy extraction means includes a solar heating panel, and the solar heating panel receives energy from the sun and provides this thermal energy to the fluid in the solar heating panel.

      Preferably, the energy extraction means further includes a temperature sensor.

      As another form, the energy extraction means has a hose filled with fluid, and the hose extracts thermal energy from the surroundings.

      As another form, the energy extraction means has a hose disposed in a tank containing a fluid, and the hose extracts thermal energy from the fluid.

      Preferably, the energy extraction means comprises a heating element disposed in or in the tank and providing thermal energy to the fluid.

Preferably, the energy extraction means comprises a power generating windmill that provides electrical energy to the heating element.
Preferably, the energy storage means has a ground loop.

      Preferably, the ground loop is inserted into the bore hole.

      In another form, the energy storage means has a tank containing a fluid.

      Preferably, the energy transfer control means has a valve, and the valve is arranged in the system to control the flow of fluid in the system.

      Preferably, the energy transfer control means includes control means, and the control means controls the valve in accordance with a temperature signal from a temperature sensor.

      Preferably, the energy output means has a hot water tank, and the hot water tank receives and stores a fluid.

      Preferably, the hot water tank has output means, and the output means selectively allows fluid to flow into the system or to an external system.

      As an option, the external system comprises a hot water system.

      In another form, the external system has a heating system.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hot water tank used as energy output means in the energy storage system of the first aspect, the hot water tank comprising:
(A) the first storage;
(B) a second storage;
(C) means for flowing fluid from at least one of the energy extraction means and the energy storage means to one of the storages.

      Preferably, the hot water tank has a circulation hole.

      As another configuration, the hot water tank does not have a circulation hole.

      Preferably, the first storage and the second storage store different amounts of fluid.

      Preferably, the first storage and the second storage store fluids having different temperatures.

      Preferably, the first store and the second store receive fluid at different flow rates.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system employing the energy storage system of the first aspect to store and distribute energy, the system comprising:
(A) measuring the temperature in the energy extraction means;
(B) The step of transferring energy from the energy extraction means to either the energy storage means or the energy output means, or the energy stored in the energy extraction means is held according to the temperature in the energy extraction means. Steps.

      Preferably, the energy travels in the form of thermal energy within the system.

      Preferably, the thermal energy is stored in the form of a fluid flowing in conduits connecting system components.

      Preferably, the system further comprises (c) changing the movement of the fluid in the system in response to the temperature of the fluid in the energy extraction means reaching a threshold value.

      Preferably, the system further comprises (d) changing the movement of the fluid in the system in response to the temperature of the energy extraction means reaching a threshold value.

      Preferably, the steps (c) and (d) of changing the fluid flow are performed depending on whether the temperature of the fluid or the temperature of the energy extraction means exceeds a predetermined time threshold.

      Preferably, the system further comprises (e) transferring energy from the energy extraction means to the energy storage means in response to a temperature in the energy extraction means exceeding a first threshold temperature. .

      Preferably, the system further comprises the step of (f) transferring energy from the energy extraction means to the energy output means in response to the temperature in the energy extraction means exceeding a second threshold temperature. The second threshold temperature is higher than the first threshold temperature.

      Preferably, the system further comprises: (g) transferring energy from the energy extraction means to the energy output means in response to a temperature in the energy extraction means exceeding a second threshold temperature. The second threshold temperature is lower than the first threshold temperature.

      Preferably, the system further comprises (h) holding energy in the energy extraction means in response to the temperature of the solar heating panel not exceeding a first threshold temperature.

      Preferably, the step (h) further includes a step of flowing energy from the energy storage means to a heat pump.

      According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer program is provided, and the computer program has program instructions that constitute energy transfer control means when installed in a computer.

      According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a computer program is provided, and the computer program executes a program instruction for executing the method according to any of the third aspects when the computer program is installed in the computer. Have.

      Preferably, the computer program is realized on a recording medium or read-only memory stored in a computer memory and executed by an electric carrier signal.

      FIG. 1 shows an energy storage system 1 of the present invention.

      The energy storage system 1 has a control module 2. This control module 2 controls the storage and transfer of thermal energy between the components of the energy storage system 1.

      The energy storage system 1 further has a solar panel 3 for water heating. This solar panel 3 has a tube 4 containing water to be heated. The tube 4 is arranged in the solar panel 3 in a serpentine form, increasing the length and surface area of the tube 4 and heating the water. Solar energy enters the solar panel 3. The solar panel 3 has a black plate 5 in thermal contact with the tube 4. The black plate 5 is irradiated with solar energy and heated, and this heat is transferred to the water in the tube 4.

      By comprising in this way, the heating of the water in the solar panel 3 is performed with the thermal energy collected from sunlight. The sunlight heats the solar panel 3, and as a result, heat energy is transferred from the black plate 5 to water. This heated water is discharged by a pump, and the heat energy is replaced by the heat energy received from the sun that reheats the solar panel 3. As the water circulates, heat energy is transferred from the solar panel 3 to another part.

      The energy storage system 1 includes a ground loop 6. This ground loop 6 is a bore hole 7 in which a hose package 8 having an appropriate length is inserted. The hose package 8 extends to the bottom of the bore hole 7 from which the hose package 8 returns to the ground. If desired, a longer hose hose package 8 can be achieved by placing a coiled hose, a serpentine hose, a helical hose in the shallow bore hole 7. The bore hole 7 extends from the ground surface to a depth of 60 to 100 m. This functions as a thermal energy storage device. That is, as described above, the internal water is heated and pumped into the ground loop 6 in the basement. The ground loop 6 has a ground loop input port 9 and a ground loop output port 10 formed at both ends of the hose package 8.

      The energy storage system 1 has a heat pump 11. The heat pump 11 has a heat pump input port 12 and a heat pump output port 13. The heat pump input port 12 and the heat pump output port 13 receive hot water from the solar panel 3 or hot water from the bore hole 7. Connected to the hose system 14. The hose system 14 connects the ground loop 6 in the bore hole 7 and the solar panel 3. A heat pump input hose 15 and a heat pump output hose 16 of the heat pump 11 are connected to the hose system 14. The water (hot water) that stores this thermal energy circulates between the components of the energy storage system 1.

      A heat exchange mechanism is provided by the heat pump 11. Thereby, the house where the energy storage system 1 is arranged benefits from the thermal energy collected by the water of the energy storage system 1. The water in the energy storage system 1 is warmed by the solar thermal energy of the solar panel 3 or by the thermal energy transferred to the fluid in the bore hole 7 or the thermal energy held by the bore hole 7.

      This heat exchange system is known. A warm medium is used to heat the refrigerant in the heat pump 11, and this refrigerant evaporates. When the heat pump 11 compresses the refrigerant, the temperature of the refrigerant rises. This temperature rise is used to heat the water and the heated water is transferred to the hot water tank 17 or returned to the bore hole 7. As the water is heated, the refrigerant condenses and is pumped back and reheated with incoming water, thus completing the thermal cycle. As an example, the heat pump 11 may generate three heat units for each single unit that provides power to the heat pump.

      A first solenoid valve 18 and a second solenoid valve 19 control the flow of water in the energy storage system 1 to control whether water enters the bore hole 7 or the hot water tank 17. The solar controller 20 provided in the energy storage system 1 controls the operation of the solenoid valves 18 and 19 according to the temperature of the solar panel 3 measured by the temperature sensor 21. A plurality of predetermined conditions, ie a plurality of threshold temperatures, are set, from which the solar controller 20 determines the optimal water flow and optimizes energy efficiency.

      The hot water tank 17 is similar to a conventional hot water tank in a home. The water is heated and stored in the hot water tank 17 for use. Hot water tank 17 receives hot water from heat pump 11 and solar panel 3, which depends on the position of solenoid valves 18, 19 and is stored in first and second reservoirs, respectively.

      A plurality of safety devices (not shown) are incorporated in accordance with security rules and laws. A pressure relief valve (activates when the pressure exceeds 1.5 bar) prevents the generation of excessive pressure in the hose system. In addition, a temperature release valve (released at temperatures above 100 ° C.) prevents the system from heating and prevents excess temperature water supplied through the home pumping system.

      The operation mode of the apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

      The values described below are not to be construed as limiting in a mere example of the invention.

      The temperature of the water heating solar panel is constantly monitored with a temperature sensor (step 22). The water temperature in the solar panel can also be determined directly from the temperature of the solar panel.

      In step 23, when the temperature of the solar panel 3 is 16 ° C. or lower, for example, when the solar panel generates water of 8 ° C. or lower, the temperature of the water stored in the ground loop 6 is not increased. The system does nothing (step 24).

      In step 23, if the temperature of the water exceeds 16 ° C., but the second threshold value (eg, 48 ° C. or lower (step 25)), the solar panel 3 generates hot water of a maximum of 30 ° C. (step 26). Hot water is pumped directly into the ground loop 6 (step 27).

      The water temperature must be kept above a threshold, for example, for 30 seconds before any action is taken.

      If the water temperature exceeds 48 ° C in step 25, warm water of 42 ° C or higher is generated (step 28). This hot water is directly pumped to the hot water tank (step 29).

      Meanwhile, if the domestic demand for the hot water tank requires hot water that is higher than the temperature that the solar panel 3 can directly supply (step 30), the water from the ground loop 6 is pushed out to the heat pump (step 31). The heat pump generates hot water at a higher temperature and pumps it to the hot water tank as long as demand continues (step 32).

      Any means (preferably depending on the sustainable heat source) can be used to extract energy from the surroundings. The thermal energy can be stored by any means.

      FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention. A rotary turbine (a wind turbine for power generation) 34 is employed instead of the water heating solar panel 3 of FIG. The rotary turbine 34 is used to heat the fluid 35 in the tank 36 by means of three 1 kW throw type heating elements 37, 38, 39. The temperature of the fluid 35 in the tank is measured by a thermostat 40.

      The size of the tank 36 is ideally adapted to the desired output of the heating element. As an example, the tank 36 is 2,000 liters (2 kL / kW) per kilowatt output of the heating elements 37, 38, 39.

      The fluid 35 in the tank 36 is heated in stages. For example, power is applied only to the first heating element 37 when the rotary turbine 34 is driven by low wind. As the wind speed increases, the remaining heating elements 38, 39 are driven according to the electrical energy supplied by the rotary turbine 34. A layered temperature distribution prevention pump 41 is attached to the tank 36 to redisperse the energy (water temperature) in the tank 36 to prevent the temperature distribution of the hot water from becoming layered. This maximizes the use of energy in the tank 36.

      A tank hose 42 is disposed in a meandering manner in the tank 36 and is used to extract thermal energy from the tank 36. Fluid (e.g., glycol) in tank hose 42 is circulated by circulation pump 43 to transfer thermal energy from tank 36 (generated and stored by means of fluid 35) to other parts of energy storage system 33. .

      Glycol has a low freezing point (prevention of freezing in winter) and a high boiling point (because it works well at high temperature), good thermal conductivity (good heat exchange with the surroundings), good specific heat (large Heat energy can be stored). Other fluids with similar characteristics can also be used.

      The energy storage system 33 has ground loops 44 and 45. The ground loops 44 and 45 are formed with bore holes 46 and 47. In the bore holes 46 and 47, hose packages 48 and 49 having appropriate lengths are inserted. The ground loops 44, 45 function as thermal energy storage devices and are filled with glycol. The energy storage system 33 includes a heat pump 50. The heat pump 50 receives heated glycol from the tank hose 42 or the bore holes 46, 47. As described above, the heat energy provided by the heat pump 50 causes the heat pump 50 to provide hot water for an external system (for example, underfloor heating).

      A hose couples the heat pump 50, the bore holes 46, 47, and the tank 36 to transfer thermal energy between system components by glycol means. Three motorized valves 51, 52, 53 (and bypass valve 54) determine the flow of thermal energy and are controlled by the control module 55. The control module 55 receives the temperature information via the thermostat 40 and determines how the thermal energy is cycled through the system.

      In one embodiment of the invention, the control module 55 monitors the temperature of the fluid 35 in the tank 36, determines the most efficient control using available thermal energy, and provides hot water to the external system.

      When the temperature of the fluid 35 in the tank 36 is, for example, 10 ° C. or less, the heat pump 50 operates normally, extracts heat energy from the fluid in the ground loops 44 and 45, and generates hot water by a heat exchange mechanism.

      When the temperature of the fluid 35 in the tank 36 is between 10 ° C. and 20 ° C., for example, the heat pump 50 can use the thermal energy of the fluid 35 in the tank 36 via glycol circulating in the tank hose 42. Generate warm water. In the case of 20 ° C. or higher, heat energy from the tank is transferred to the ground loops 44 and 45.

      The energy storage system 33 can operate without the ground loops 44, 45. An energy storage system 33 that does not include these can operate without using the fluid 35 in the tank 36 as a means for storing thermal energy. Thus, the heat pump 50 is connected only to the tank hose 42 and can generate hot water for the external system.

      Another alternative to the ground loop in the bore hole has a buried hose, such as a hose buried in the house garden, in which the energy storage system is placed. This hose is usually buried at a depth of about 1 m. The hose has two ends that function as an input port and an output port. Water is stored in the hose and circulates. Water is heated using solar energy stored in the ground. In this case, this kind of ground loop replaces the solar panel.

      The present invention provides systems and methods that use thermal energy more efficiently as a sustainable energy source. In one embodiment of the present invention, the system of the present invention heats the water in the solar panel 3 and transfers the warm water to the warm water tank. If the hot water is below the threshold, the heated water is pumped into the ground loop. If necessary, water from the ground loop is pumped by a heat pump to generate heat and is transferred to a hot water tank.

      The above description relates to one embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can consider various modifications of the present invention, all of which are included in the technical scope of the present invention. The The numbers in parentheses described after the constituent elements of the claims correspond to the part numbers in the drawings, are attached for easy understanding of the invention, and are used for limiting the invention. Must not. In addition, the part numbers in the description and the claims are not necessarily the same even with the same number. This is for the reason described above.

1 is a block diagram of an energy storage system according to one embodiment of the present invention. The flowchart figure showing the operation mode of the energy storage system of this invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Energy storage system 2 Control module 3 Water heating solar panel 4 Tube 5 Black plate 6 Ground loop 7 Bore hole 8 Hose package 9 Ground loop input port 10 Ground loop output port 11 Heat pump 12 Heat pump input port 13 Heat pump output port 14 Hose system 15 Heat pump input hose 16 Heat pump output hose 17 Hot water tank 18 First solenoid valve 19 Second solenoid valve 20 Solar controller 21 Temperature sensor 22 Measure the temperature of the water heating solar panel 23 T> Is it 16 ° C?
24 Do nothing 25 T> 48 ℃?
26 T <= 30 ° C producing water 27 Pumping to ground loop 28 t> 42 ° C producing water 29 Pumping to water / warm water tank 30 Do you need hot water?
31 Flowing from the ground loop to the heat pump 32 Flowing the generated hot water to the hot water tank 33 Energy storage system 34 Rotary turbine 35 Fluid 36 Tank 37 First heating element 38 Second heating element 39 Third heating element 40 Thermostat 41 Layer temperature Distribution prevention pump 42 Tank hose 43 Circulation pump 44 First ground loop 45 Second ground loop 46 First bore hole 47 Second bore hole 48 First hose package 49 Second hose package 50 Heat pump 51 First Electric valve 52 Second electric valve 53 Third electric valve 54 Bypass valve 55 Control module

Claims (42)

(A) energy extraction means for extracting energy from an energy source;
(B) energy storage means for removably storing the extracted energy;
(C) energy output means for discharging energy from the energy storage means while controlling the energy;
(D) energy transfer means for transferring energy between the energy extraction means, energy storage means and energy output means;
(E) An energy storage system comprising energy transfer control means for controlling energy transfer among the energy extraction means, energy storage means, and energy output means. 2. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the energy transfer control means operates to optimize energy flowing in the energy output means. (F) The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 and 2, further comprising a heat pump disposed between the energy storage means and the energy output means. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the energy transfer means has a conduit connecting a plurality of components of the system. The conduit is hollow and contains a fluid;
5. The energy storage system of claim 4, wherein the fluid stores thermal energy and is transferred by flowing through the conduit. 6. The energy storage system of claim 5, wherein the fluid is glycol. The energy storage system according to claim 5, wherein the fluid is water. The energy extraction means has a solar heating panel,
The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the solar heating panel receives energy from the sun and applies the thermal energy to a fluid in the solar heating panel. The energy extraction means has a hose filled with fluid;
The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the hose extracts heat energy from the surroundings. The energy extraction means has a hose disposed in a tank containing a fluid,
The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the hose extracts thermal energy from a fluid. 11. The energy storage system according to claim 10, wherein the energy extraction means comprises a heating element disposed in or in the tank and providing thermal energy to the fluid. 12. The energy storage system according to claim 11, wherein the energy extraction means comprises a power generating windmill that provides electrical energy to the heating element. The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the energy extraction unit includes a temperature sensor. The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage means has a ground loop. The energy storage system of claim 14, wherein the ground loop is inserted into a bore hole. The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage means includes a tank containing a fluid. The energy transfer control means has a valve,
The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the valve is disposed in the system to control the flow of fluid in the system. The energy transfer control means has control means,
The energy storage system according to claim 17, wherein the control unit controls the valve in accordance with a temperature signal from a temperature sensor. The energy output means has a hot water tank,
The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the hot water tank receives and stores a fluid. The hot water tank has output means,
20. The energy storage system of claim 19, wherein the output means selectively allows fluid to flow into the system or to an external system. The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the external system includes a hot water system. 21. An energy storage system according to any of claims 1-20, wherein the external system comprises a heating system. In the hot water tank used as an energy output means in the energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 22,
(A) the first storage;
(B) a second storage;
(C) A hot water tank comprising: fluid flowing from at least one of the energy extraction means and the energy storage means to any one of the storages. The hot water tank according to claim 23, wherein the hot water tank has a circulation hole. The hot water tank according to claim 23, wherein the hot water tank has no circulation hole. The hot water tank according to any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the first storage and the second storage store different amounts of fluid. 27. The hot water tank according to claim 23, wherein the first storage and the second storage store fluids having different temperatures. The hot water tank according to any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the first storage and the second storage receive fluid at different flow rates. A system for storing and distributing energy employing an energy storage system according to any of claims 1-22.
(A) measuring the temperature in the energy extraction means;
(B) The step of transferring energy from the energy extraction means to either the energy storage means or the energy output means, or the energy stored in the energy extraction means is held according to the temperature in the energy extraction means. And an energy storage / distribution system. 30. The energy storage / distribution system of claim 29, wherein the energy travels in the form of thermal energy within the system. 30. The energy storage / distribution system of claim 29, wherein the thermal energy is stored in the form of a fluid flowing in conduits connecting system components. (C) further comprising changing the movement of the fluid in the system in response to the temperature of the fluid in the energy extraction means reaching a threshold value. An energy storage / distribution system according to any of the above. 32. The method of any of claims 29-31, further comprising: (d) changing the movement of fluid in the system in response to a temperature of the energy extraction means reaching a threshold value. An energy storage / distribution system according to claim 1. The steps (c) and (d) of changing the flow of the fluid are performed depending on whether the temperature of the fluid or the temperature of the energy extracting means exceeds a predetermined time threshold. 34. An energy storage / distribution system according to any of claims 32-33. (E) The method further comprises the step of transferring energy from the energy extraction means to the energy storage means in response to the temperature in the energy extraction means exceeding a first threshold temperature. 29. An energy storage / distribution system according to any of 29-34. (F) further comprising transferring energy from the energy extraction means to the energy output means in response to the temperature in the energy extraction means exceeding a second threshold temperature;
36. The energy storage / distribution system according to any of claims 29-35, wherein the second threshold temperature is higher than the first threshold temperature. (G) further comprising transferring energy from the energy extraction means to the energy output means in response to the temperature in the energy extraction means exceeding a second threshold temperature;
36. The energy storage / distribution system according to any of claims 29-35, wherein the second threshold temperature is lower than the first threshold temperature. (H) The method further comprises holding energy in the energy extraction means in response to the temperature of the solar heating panel not exceeding a first threshold temperature. An energy storage / distribution system according to any of the above. 39. The energy storage / distribution system according to claim 29, wherein the step (h) further includes a step of flowing energy from the energy storage means to a heat pump. A computer program comprising a program instruction that constitutes the energy transfer control means according to any one of claims 1 to 22 when mounted on a computer. 40. A computer program comprising program instructions that, when mounted on a computer, perform the method of any of claims 29-39. 42. The computer program according to claim 41, wherein the computer program is implemented on a recording medium or a read-only memory stored in a computer memory and executed by an electric carrier signal.

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