JP2008538520A - ヒト以外の動物の非侵襲的生理学的モニタシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
ヒト以外の動物の非侵襲的生理学的モニタシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図1A
Description
本発明のモニタ用衣服は、好ましくは、1つ又は2つ以上のサイズセンサを有する。ただし、本発明の或る特定の実施形態は、サイズセンサが設けられないモニタ用衣服を含む。種々の技術を利用した有用なサイズセンサが知られており、かかるセンサとしては、磁力計、圧電ひずみ計、磁気又は容量ひずみ計、体の表面のところの電気インピーダンス及び(又は)活動、干渉計を含む光学技術、圧力を利用したプレチスモグラフィ、超音波測定法等が挙げられる。これについては、例えば、1994年10月11日に発行された米国特許第5,373,793号明細書を参照されたい。
本明細書において詳細に説明するモニタ用衣服は、サル、イヌ及びウマのモニタに関する。しかしながら、本発明は、広範な哺乳動物種に容易に適用でき、かかる哺乳類としては、例えば、マウス、ラット、ウサギ、フェレット、モルモット、特定用途向けに育てられたブタ(ユカタン及びゲッチンゲンミニブタの種を含む)、通常のブタ、ネコ、霊長類、ヒツジ、ウシ及び他の家畜等が挙げられる。適合させるには、衣服を種のサイズに合わせて誂え、衣服をぴったりと保持し、ひとりでに外れるのを阻止する取り付け及び装着器具を用意し、センサデータを較正して種の生理学を反映させる。取り付け及び装着器具は、当該技術分野で知られた構造体、例えば引き具、首輪、端綱等を改造したものであるのが良い。小型の動物の場合、より感度の高いセンサが有利である(IPセンサについて説明したように)。陸に住む脊椎動物及び非哺乳動物種は一般に、種のメンバーがモニタ用衣服を着用でき、特に、有用な生理学的パラメータを表わす体の壁の動きを生じさせれば、モニタできる。
実施例1
図3A及び図3Bは、図3Cのモニタ用衣服で得られたサルからのモニタリングデータの処理を示しており、このモニタ用衣服は、図2A〜図2Eに記載された実施形態であるモニタ用衣服と実質的に類似した特徴を有している。図3Cのモニタ用衣服は、米国特許出願6,551,252号明細書に詳細に記載されている電気回路及び構成を更に有している。なお、この米国特許を参照により引用し、全ての目的に関し、その記載内容全体を本明細書の一部とする。
図4A及び図4Bは、図4Cのモニタ用衣服で得られたビーグルからのモニタリングデータの処理を示しており、このモニタ用衣服は、図3Cに示すサルに装着されるようになったモニタ用衣服と実質的に類似した特徴を有している。図4Aは、一回呼吸量(Vt)、ECG、心拍数(HR)及び加速度計(ACC)データ及び呼吸洞性不整脈(RSA)の指数を含む処理済みデータの5分間を示している。無拘束状態の動物の呼吸信号及びECG信号の組み合わせを測定することにより、「純粋な」ECGの期間、即ち、呼吸サイクルにより影響を受けなかった期間の明確な識別及び評価を行なうことができる。ECG信号の調時成分の分析のためのこれら安定した期間(例えば、Q−T間隔)の利用により、現在可能な精度よりも高い精度が研究者に与えられる。
ヒト以外の霊長類に属する動物(NHP)の連続モニタにより、かかる動物が興奮し又はストレスを経験している時期を示す行動及び活動パターンの識別が可能になる。例えば、かかるパターンは、かつて環境中で他の動物と共に良く育っていた動物が、結果的に研究用コロニーから外されることになる場合のある有害な行動を示し始めていることを指示できる。この不適当な行動は、「ステレオタイプ」行動と広く呼ばれており、繰り返し動作から脅迫観念的行動、極端な場合には、深刻な自傷行為まで様々である。ステレオタイプの行動を示す動物は、研究にとって効果的ではなく、一般に、利用可能な動物のコホートから除外される。さらに、かかる動物が環境及び刺激の変化に積極的に応答しない場合、かかる動物を将来の研究のためにそれ以上使うことはできない。
Claims (28)
- ヒト以外の動物種のメンバーとしての動物をモニタする装置であって、
前記動物により着用されるべきモニタ用衣服を有し、前記モニタ用衣服は、前記動物のサイズ及び行動に適合するよう構成されていて、前記動物が通常の活動を行なうことができるようにし、
前記衣服に組み込まれていて、前記動物の生理学的機能を検出する1つ又は2つ以上のセンサを有し、
前記動物に取り付けられて運搬されるように適合すると共に構成されていて、前記センサを起動させ、有線外部接続手段を用いないで前記センサから生理学的データを取り出す携帯型データユニットを有する、装置。 - 前記動物種は、陸に住む両生類、陸に住む爬虫類、及びヒト以外の陸に住む哺乳類から成る群から選択され、前記ヒト以外の陸に住む哺乳類は、霊長類、サル、チンパンジー、オランウータン、齧歯類、ラット、マウス、モルモット、食肉類、イヌ、飼いネコ、野生ネコ、ウシ、ウマ、ゾウ、野生ブタ、一般のブタ及び特定用途向けに育てられたミニブタを含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記モニタ用衣服は、前記モニタ用衣服を個々の動物に合わせて調節する1つ又は2つ以上の取り付け及び(又は)装着器具を更に有する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記取り付け器具は、ジッパ、ベルクロ(Velcro)部分、ドローストリング、ボタンを含み、前記装着器具は、1つ又は2つ以上のゴムひも部分を含む、請求項2記載の装置。
- 前記モニタ用衣服は、前記動物の胴体の周りに装着されるよう構成されたストラップを更に有する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記モニタ用衣服は、前記動物の胴体の周りにスカートのように装着されるような寸法形状の主要部分と、前記衣服が前記動物により着用されると、前記動物の少なくとも1本の肢を受け入れると共に包囲して前記動物に対する前記衣類の動きを制限するようにする1つ又は2つ以上の開口部分とを更に有する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記衣服が前記動物により着用されると、前記動物の前肢の両方を受け入れる2つの開口部分を更に有する、請求項6記載の装置。
- 前記モニタ用衣服の前記主要部分を前記動物の前記胴体の周りに固定する1つ又は2つ以上の取り付け及び(又は)装着器具を更に有する、請求項6記載の装置。
- 前記モニタ用衣服は、前記携帯型データユニットを前記動物に取り付けて又は運び又は前記動物によって運ばせて前記動物がモニタ中、自律的に通常の活動を行なうことができるようにする少なくとも1つのポケットを更に有する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記携帯型データユニットは、更に、取り出したセンサデータを一時的にストレージすると共に(或いは)取り出したセンサデータをワイヤレスで送信する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記センサは、胸郭のサイズ及び(又は)腹部のサイズを含む前記動物の部分のサイズに応答する1つ又は2つ以上のセンサを含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記サイズセンサのうちの少なくとも1つは、誘導性プレチスモグラフィ技術を利用している、請求項11記載の装置。
- 前記センサは、姿勢及び(又は)活動に敏感な加速度計を含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記センサは、心電図電極、温度センサ、血液酸素レベルセンサ、脳の電気的活動用電極、筋肉の電気的活動用電極又は眼筋の電気的活動用電極のうちの1つ又は2つ以上を含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- ヒト以外の動物をモニタする装置であって、
前記動物により着用されるべきモニタ用衣服を有し、前記モニタ用衣服は、前記動物のサイズ及び行動に適合するよう構成されていて、前記動物が通常の活動を行なうことができるようにし、
前記衣服に組み込まれていて、前記動物の生理学的機能を検出する1つ又は2つ以上のセンサを有し、
前記動物に取り付けられて運搬されるように適合すると共に構成されていて、前記センサを起動させ、有線外部接続手段を用いないで前記センサから生理学的データを取り出す携帯型データユニットを有し、
前記携帯型データユニットにデータ転送可能に作動的に結合されていて、前記取り出した生理学的データを表示するコンピュータシステムを有する、装置。 - 前記操作的結合手段は、前記携帯型データユニットにより書き込まれて前記コンピュータシステムにより読み取られるコンピュータによる読み取り可能な媒体及び(又は)ワイヤレス通信連係を含む、請求項15記載の装置。
- 前記表示される生理学的データは、呼吸機能の指標及び(又は)心臓機能の指標及び(又は)姿勢及び(又は)活動の指標を含む、請求項15記載の装置。
- ヒト以外の動物に存在する選択された生理学的及び(又は)行動的パターンを求める方法であって、
前記ヒト以外の動物に請求項1記載のモニタ用衣服を装着するステップと、
前記ヒト以外の動物によって着用されたときに前記モニタ用衣服から心臓データ、呼吸データ又は活動データのうちの1つ又は2つ以上を取り出すステップと、
前記取り出したデータを評価して前記選択された生理学的及び(又は)行動的パターンがヒト以外の動物に存在している確度を評価するステップとを有する、方法。 - 前記選択された生理学的及び(又は)行動的パターンは、心臓活動のパターンを含み、前記心臓活動パターンは、中枢性無呼吸の期間と同時に生じる取り出された心臓データから求められ、前記中枢性無呼吸期間は、取り出した呼吸データにより指示される、請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記求めた心臓活動パターンは、基線心拍数及び(又は)ECG信号の1つ又は2つ以上の調時成分を含む、請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記選択された生理学的及び(又は)行動的パターンは、不快な情動性状態を含み、前記不快な情動性状態は、特定の生理学的機能と関連して生じる行動の異常なパターンにより指示される、請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記ヒトではない動物は、通常昼間に活動状態にあり、前記異常な活動パターンは、暗闇期間中に生じる長時間にわたる活動を含む、請求項21記載の方法。
- 前記異常な活動パターンは、ステレオタイプの活動及び(又は)姿勢の1つ又は2つ以上のパターンの周期的繰り返しを含み、各繰り返しは、前記特定の生理学的機能と関連している、請求項21記載の方法。
- 不快な情動状態を明白に示している前記ヒト以外の動物に新たな物理的及び(又は)社会的環境を与えるステップを更に有する、請求項21記載の方法。
- 前記異常な活動パターンの大きさ及び(又は)頻度及び(又は)持続時間から不快さの度合いを評価するステップを更に有する、請求項21記載の方法。
- 前記ヒト以外の動物の生理学的安息期間を検出するステップを更に有し、前記生理学的安息期間は、前記取り出した生理学的データの時間的ばらつきの減少と同時に生じる身体的活動の平均レベルの減少により指示される、請求項21記載の方法。
- 前記ヒト以外の動物は、通常昼間に活動状態にあり、生理学的安息を表わす前記パターンは、暗闇期間中に生じる、請求項26記載の方法。
- 前記ヒト以外の動物の相対的生理学的安息期間を求めるステップを更に有する、請求項26記載の方法。
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KR102592050B1 (ko) * | 2018-02-28 | 2023-10-23 | 티엠에스비엠이 주식회사 | 소동물용 휴대용 심전도 전극 및 심전도 측정 시스템 |
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US20060258914A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
AU2006236306A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
WO2006113804A2 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
EP1871223A4 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
CA2604969C (en) | 2013-06-04 |
CA2604969A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
WO2006113804A3 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
EP1871223A2 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
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