JP2008536732A - Windshield and car using it - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to improve anti-fogging properties and visibility as compared with the prior art at a low cost.
A windshield 101 used for a window of a boarding room of a moving object (automobile 100), one area 101a functioning as a main viewing area for a passenger, and another area 101b adjacent to this area including. The antifogging performance in other regions is superior to the antifogging performance in one region. Moreover, it is preferable that the other region has an anti-fogging function on the surface of the windshield in the boarding room. Moreover, it is preferable that the main visual recognition area is the designated defrost range A or C prescribed | regulated by Japanese Industrial Standard (JISD4501).
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a windshield and an automobile using the same, and more particularly to a windshield having better anti-fogging properties and visibility than the conventional one and an automobile using the same.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various attempts have been made in automotive windshields to prevent the occurrence of poor visibility due to condensation. For example, a defroster that clears the cloudiness due to condensation by blowing heated air on the windshield, electrothermal glass with a plurality of exothermic thin wires built into the intermediate film (see Patent Documents 1 and 2), and film formation on the inner surface of the windshield A hydrophilic anti-fogging film (see Patent Document 3). In addition, the anti-fogging film as used in the field of this invention is a film which does not generate fog at all but makes it difficult to fog. For example, an anti-fogging film that delays the occurrence of fogging corresponds to this.

JP 2004-268770 A JP 2000-128588 A Japanese Patent No. 3150133

However, long-time use of the defroster raises the temperature inside the vehicle more than necessary, and use of the electrothermal glass has various problems such as consuming a large amount of power and deteriorating the fuel consumption of the automobile. For this reason, it is not suitable for the automobile development in consideration of recent environmental problems. Therefore, attempts have been made to prevent fogging by forming an antifogging film on the entire inside surface of the windshield.
There are a water film method for forming a hydrophilic film, a water repellent method for forming a hydrophobic film, a water absorption method for imparting water absorption ability with a porous film, and the like as methods for reducing the fogging of the windshield with an antifogging film. However, any of the above-described known methods has a problem when used for an automobile windshield.
The water film method causes some distortion in the visual field even if the water film is formed uniformly. For this reason, when used for automobiles, the distortion must be suppressed to such an extent that it does not hinder the field of view for the driver. At the same time, there is a problem that the function of the waste water treatment must be provided because the moisture that has become the water film falls down through the windshield.
The water-repellent method is suitable for dropping water droplets, such as rain, because the contact angle is high. However, in order to remove minute water droplets such as cloudy, it is necessary to apply a film having a function different from the conventional water repellent technology.
In the water absorption method, when the water absorption capacity of the water absorption film is exceeded, a water film (cloudiness) is generated on the surface of the water absorption film. The water film generated on the surface of the water absorption film cannot be easily dried by a defroster or the like. This is because the water film generated on the surface of the water absorption film has fine water droplets and a large amount of water is present in the vicinity of the water absorption film. As a result, there is a problem that once it occurs, it is likely to remain obstructed for a long time.
That is, if an anti-fogging function is added to the windshield for automobiles, particularly the passenger's main viewing area, the known anti-fogging film may interfere with the driver's view due to its characteristics, performance and usage conditions. There is. Therefore, in addition to the conventional technology, a means for solving these new problems must be further provided, which increases technical difficulty.
In addition, the antifogging film itself increases the haze value of the windshield and causes a new problem of reducing visibility.
In addition, the antifogging film formed on the inner surface of the windshield in this manner is generally expensive. Therefore, if the film is formed in a large area like a windshield of an automobile, it becomes a factor that increases the manufacturing cost of the automobile.

  The present invention solves these problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a windshield excellent in anti-fogging property and visibility as compared with the conventional one, and an automobile using the same, at a low cost.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a windshield used for a window in a passenger compartment of a moving body, and the windshield includes a region functioning as a main viewing area for a passenger, and this region. The windshield is characterized in that the antifogging performance in the other area is superior to the antifogging performance in the one area. One embodiment of the present invention includes the following configuration. That is, in the other area, an anti-fogging function is provided on the surface of the windshield on the boarding room side.

  Moreover, this invention is a windshield used for the window of the boarding room of a moving body, Comprising: This windshield contains at least three or more area | regions by front view. These areas include a first area that functions as a main viewing area for the passenger, and second and third areas that are adjacent to the first area on both the left and right sides of the first area. Including. The second and third regions provide a windshield characterized in that an anti-fogging function is provided on the surface of the windshield on the side of the passenger compartment.

  One embodiment of the present invention includes the following configuration. In other words, the second and third regions are connected by a band-like region extending along the upper edge and / or the lower edge of the windshield in a front view. Further, this belt-like region has an anti-fogging function on the surface of the windshield on the side of the boarding room. The main visual recognition area is either the designated defrost range C defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS D4501) or the designated defrost range C defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS D4501). In addition, the main visual recognition range is a range that is offset to the inner circumference side by a predetermined distance from the designated defrost range A defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS D4501). The antifogging function is realized by an antifogging film or an antifogging film. Further, a plurality of types of antifogging films or a plurality of types of antifogging films are used for the same windshield. Further, at least one of the antifogging films is a water absorbent resin film. Further, a water repellent film is further provided on a part or all of the outer surface of the passenger compartment.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides an automobile comprising any one of the above-described windshields and a defroster for blowing heated air against a main visual recognition area on the side of the passenger compartment of the windshield.

  The present invention includes an area that functions as a main visual recognition area for a passenger and another area adjacent to the area, and the antifogging performance in the other area is superior to the antifogging performance in the one area. ing. Thus, an antifogging film having a larger area than necessary is not required, and a windshield and an automobile using the same can be provided at a low cost. In addition, with such a windshield, only the main viewing area may be made of electrothermal glass, and there is no need to spread heating lines around the entire windshield. For this reason, power consumption is suppressed, which greatly contributes to energy saving.

  Further, when a defroster is used in combination with such a windshield, only a small amount of warm air is required as long as the fogging only in the main viewing area can be eliminated. Therefore, the problem that the in-vehicle temperature rises more than necessary can be solved. Even if the anti-fogging film or film is damaged or discolored or peeled off by ultraviolet rays, the influence on the visibility in the main viewing area is small. This is because these films and films do not exist in the main viewing area, and the driver's view is not extremely disturbed. Further, it is apparent that the present invention is suitable for a so-called panoramic windshield. A panoramic window is a windshield with both sides extending beyond the position of the existing front pillar to the rear of the vehicle, or a windshield with a shape that integrates the windshield and roof glass. It is.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Fig.1 (a)-(c) is a top view which shows one Embodiment of this invention. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the windshield 101 for an automobile includes a region 101a that is a designated defrost range A defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS D4501) and a region 101b other than the region 101b when viewed from the front. Has been. Anti-fogging treatment is applied to the inner surface of the windshield 101. Since the area where the anti-fogging treatment is performed may affect the visibility of the windshield 101, the area 101b excluding the area 101a is preferably used. In many vehicle models, the designated defrost range A is expected to fall within a range of about 250 to 350 mm from the upper side of the windshield, 80 to 170 mm from the side, and 120 to 280 mm from the lower side.

  Therefore, an anti-fogging film is formed only in the area (that is, the area 101b) excluding the area 101a on the inner surface of the windshield 101, or a film containing an anti-fogging resin (hereinafter referred to as an anti-fogging resin film). ) Is affixed. In order to eliminate the fogging that occurs in the region 101a, a defroster that is installed so that the hot air hits almost only in this region is used, or only the region 101a is made into an electrothermal glass that is processed to include a heating element. be able to. As a result, the problems of the prior art such as a rise in the interior temperature and a large amount of energy consumption can be solved.

  Further, an antifogging film or the like is not provided in the region 101a that greatly affects the visibility. For this reason, even if the antifogging film or the like in the area 101b is damaged, or discoloration or peeling occurs due to ultraviolet rays, the influence on the main viewing area is small, and the driver's view is extremely disturbed. There is no. In addition to the above configuration, a water repellent film may be provided on all or at least a part of the vehicle outer surface of the windshield 101.

  On the other hand, the area 101a does not necessarily match the designated defrost range A that is a standard for the defroster. For example, as shown in FIG. 1B, a new area may be set at a position offset inward by a predetermined distance from each side of the designated defrost range A. FIG. 1B shows an example in which the distance A from the left side, the distance B from the bottom side, the distance C from the left edge, and the distance D from the top side are offset. The specific distances A to D are determined based on a computer simulation test using a computer or a test subject using a test vehicle or the like. Further, when the type of automobile is a bus, a truck, or the like, as shown in FIG. 1C, the designated defrost range C defined in the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS D4501) is defined as a region 101d, and only this region is an anti-fogging film. Etc. may be omitted.

  Here, a specific method of the antifogging process will be described. A chemical solution obtained by dissolving a solid content having an antifogging function in a solvent is prepared. This liquid is applied to the glass plate, and the solvent is evaporated and dried to form an antifogging film on the surface of the glass plate. In addition, the antifogging resin film formed on the resin film in which the antifogging film | membrane was transparent or colored may be prepared, and this antifogging resin film may be affixed on a glass plate.

  The antifogging film may be either a water-absorbing resin film or a hydrophilic film. The water-absorbent resin film absorbs moisture in the air and moisture adsorbed on the film surface to inhibit water droplet formation on the film surface and exerts an antifogging function, and the hydrophilic film adheres to the film surface The contact angle of the water is reduced to about 10 ° or less to form a water film that inhibits the formation of water droplets and exhibits an antifogging function. At this time, the water adsorbed on the surface of the hydrophilic film becomes a film. For this reason, when the thickness of the water film increases, the field of view is distorted. For this reason, it is preferable that the anti-fogging film for maintaining excellent visibility is a water-absorbing resin film that does not produce a water film. As a water-absorbing resin film, for example, there is a method in which polyacrylic acid ester and epoxy are dissolved in alcohol, and this is applied to the glass surface and heated and dried.

  Further, the method of forming this antifogging film is not limited to a specific method, and known coating methods such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spin coating method, a nozzle flow coating method, a brush coating method, and a combination thereof. Any method can be selected. Since the area where the antifogging film is formed is a part of the inside surface of the windshield, the area where the antifogging film is not formed is masked with a masking tape during the antifogging process, or the entire surface of the glass is antifogged. Thereafter, the film may be removed by polishing portions other than the coating range. In particular, the method is not limited to the above method.

Further, this antifogging film may have an underlayer such as SiO _{2 in} order to increase durability. The underlayer can also be formed by applying by wet coating using a sol-gel method. The antifogging film can also be formed by dry coating using a sputtering method or a CVD method. The antifogging film and the antifogging resin film are preferably completely transparent from the viewpoint of visibility. However, it may be colored to such an extent that visibility is not impaired. Furthermore, in the case where the antifogging resin is stuck to the film, an adhesive can also be used to adhere and fix the film to the glass. The kind of adhesive is not particularly limited. However, it is preferably completely transparent from the viewpoint of visibility.

Next, an embodiment of an automobile using the windshield according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a part of an automobile using the windshield of FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III ′ of FIG. As shown in these drawings, the automobile 100 is composed of various interior materials and structural materials. That is, around the driver's seat of the automobile 100, a windshield 101, a dashboard 102, an instrument panel 103, and a defroster (the body is not shown, and a nozzle for blowing hot air is installed in the area 104). A steering wheel 105, a mirror base 106, a rearview mirror 107, a roof 108, a cowl 109, an engine hood 110, a cowl louver 111, a defroster body 112, and the like.

  Here, the steering wheel 101 is installed between a driver's seat (not shown) and the instrument panel 103, and is used by the driver when driving the automobile. Various instruments (not shown) are mounted on the instrument panel 103 at positions where the driver can see them, and are formed integrally with the resin dashboard 102. Further, in the vicinity of the upper edge of the windshield 101, a room mirror 107 is attached via a mirror base 106 fixed to the roof 107 (FIG. 3). Further, the lower edge of the windshield 101 is bonded and fixed to the cowl 109, and a cowl louver 111 is attached so as to cover the cowl 109 in order to prevent rainwater from entering.

  The windshield 101 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is the same as that shown in FIG. The anti-fogging function is imparted to the region 101b of the inner side surface of the vehicle by an anti-fogging film or an anti-fogging film to add an anti-fogging function. On the other hand, in the area 101a, the glass surface is exposed as it is, and the anti-fogging function as given to the area 101b is not given. In addition, a nozzle for blowing warm air from the defroster body 112 is provided in either the dashboard 102 in the vicinity of the lower side of the windshield 101 or the broken line area 104 shown on the outside of the instrument panel 103. .

  For example, the number and shape of nozzles in the region 104 can be selected as appropriate. For example, a plurality of nozzles may be installed, or one large nozzle may be installed in the center when the windshield 101 is viewed from the front. In any case, when it is attempted to eliminate the fog generated on the windshield 101 only by the defroster, it is necessary to apply hot air to the entire area of the windshield 101. This is not preferable from the viewpoint of saving energy and managing the temperature inside the vehicle. The size of the defroster and the installation position should be considered so that the hot air is mainly applied to the region 101b not provided with the anti-fogging function.

  In addition, the area | region which does not provide an anti-fogging film | membrane or an anti-fogging film does not need to be exactly the designated defrost range A (area | region 101a of FIG. 1), and may be a larger area | region including this designated defrost range A. For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, a region 201a where no antifogging film or the like is provided may be extended to the lower edge of the windshield 201. That is, by using the windshield 201 that is provided with an antifogging film or the like only in the region 201b along the left and right front pillars (not shown) or the roof (not shown), and is not provided with the antifogging film or the like in the remaining region 201a. Also good. Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, a windshield 301 in which an antifogging film or the like is provided only in a region 301b along the left and right front pillars (not shown) and no antifogging film or the like is provided in the remaining region 301a. May be used.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4C, a windshield 401 in which an antifogging film or the like is provided only in a region 401b along the left and right front pillars (not shown) and no antifogging film or the like is provided in the remaining region 401a. May be used. However, in this case, the antifogging film is not provided in a range offset by a predetermined distance inside the designated defrost range A. By doing so, the main visual recognition area becomes a range narrower than the designated defrost range A, but as shown in FIG. 4C, the sides near the center of the left and right anti-fogging films are parallel to each other. It becomes possible. Such an anti-fogging film has a merit that it can be easily formed by coating in the direction of arrow E when it is formed by coating.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4 (d), instead of the designated defrost range A, the area 501a that is the designated defrost range C defined in the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS D4501) is set as the main visual recognition area, and the remaining area 501b. A windshield 501 provided with an antifogging film or the like may be used. Such a windshield is particularly suitable for buses, trucks and the like. It should be noted that such an anti-fogging film may be formed in the direction of arrow F when it is formed by coating, which is advantageous in that it can be easily formed.

  In the above description, a configuration in which a single performance antifogging film or antifogging film is provided in addition to the main visual recognition area and these are not provided in the remaining areas has been described. However, an antifogging film having a plurality of types of antifogging performance may be used in appropriate combination. For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, an antifogging film or the like is not provided in the area 601 but an antifogging film having a weak antifogging performance is provided in an area 601b adjacent to the area 601a. Furthermore, the windshield 601 may be configured using an antifogging film having stronger antifogging performance than the region 601b in the region 601c. Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, an antifogging film or the like is not provided in the region 701a, and an antifogging film having weak antifogging performance is provided in the region 701b adjacent to the region 701a. Further, the windshield 701 may be configured using an antifogging film having stronger antifogging performance than that of the region 701b in the region 701c. By gradually changing the antifogging performance, it is possible to prevent the boundary portion between the visual recognition area and the area provided with the antifogging film or the like from being noticeable due to the fogging even if the fogging occurs in the visual recognition area. Note that, as is apparent from FIG. 5B, the windshield 701 has an advantage that each anti-fogging film can be applied along the direction of the arrow G and is easy to make.

  FIGS. 6A and 6C are a front view and the like showing an embodiment of a panoramic shape suitable for a minivan type automobile. As shown in FIG. 5A, the windshield 801 is mainly configured by a region 801a which is a visual field region and a region 801b provided with a dark ceramic layer at the periphery thereof. The entire shape of the windshield 801 has a divergent shape from the upper side to the lower side in a front view, and a region called an overhang is formed on the lower side. Specifically, the length of the line segment on the glass surface connecting the center of the glass surface connecting the joints between the left and right sides and the lower side and the center of the lower side is defined as the lower side overhang OH. .

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 4B, a line segment on the glass surface connecting the joints between the left and right sides of the windshield and the lower side (corresponding to an arc) and the shortest line segment connecting these joints. The length of the line segment connecting each center with (corresponding to a string) is defined as the arc depth D. Further, the minimum value of the radius of curvature of the arc near the side is defined as the sleeve portion minimum R. Then, in the panoramic shape, the value of arc depth D [mm] × lower side overhang OH [mm] is 60000 to 180000 (preferably 10000 to 160000), and the sleeve bending minimum R [mm] is 100 to 1000. Is defined as a shape that satisfies

  In the panoramic-shaped windshield defined in this way, the antifogging film has a straight line passing through a point 810 that is a joint between the upper side and the side side when the windshield 801 is viewed from the front, and the right and left It is provided in a region 812 located at both ends (a region that is hatched with an upper right gradient in the figure). The remaining area 811 is preferably not provided with an antifogging film, or even if provided with an antifogging film, a film having a lower antifogging performance than that in the area 812 is preferably provided. FIG. 2C shows an example of a windshield in which the lower side overhang OH is made larger than before, and this is also included in the present invention. Further, the panoramic shape is determined according to the type of automobile (sedan, wagon, minivan, etc.), shape, size, etc., so it is clear that the panoramic shape is not limited to the above example. For example, the present invention includes a windshield having a panoramic shape in which the upper side of the windshield extends to all or a part of the position of an existing automobile roof.

  The present invention described above is suitable when it is desired to eliminate the possibility of deterioration of visibility due to distortion, discoloration, peeling, or the like from the main viewing area. Further, it is apparent that the present invention can be applied not only to windshields for automobiles but also to window glass used in moving bodies such as railway vehicles, ships or airplanes, buildings and the like. The windshield may be made of a resin plate such as polycarbonate instead of the glass plate. Furthermore, the automobile according to the present invention includes various forms such as a sedan, a wagon, a minivan, an RV, a bus, a truck, and a motorcycle.

(A), (b), (c) It is a front view which shows one Embodiment of the windshield which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows a part of motor vehicle using the windshield of FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III ′ of FIG. 2. (A), (b), (c), (d) It is a front view which shows other embodiment of the windshield which concerns on this invention. (A), (b) It is a front view which shows other embodiment of the windshield which concerns on this invention. (A) Front view which shows one Embodiment of panoramic shape, (b) VIb-VIb 'sectional view, (c) Front view which shows other forms of panoramic shape.

Claims (11)

  A windshield used for a window of a boarding room of a moving body, wherein the windshield includes one area functioning as a principal viewing area for a passenger and another area adjacent to the area. The windshield characterized in that the anti-fogging performance in the region is superior to the anti-fogging performance in the one region.   2. The windshield according to claim 1, wherein the other area is provided with an anti-fogging function on a surface of the windshield on the side of a passenger compartment.   A windshield used for a window in a passenger compartment of a moving body, wherein the windshield includes at least three or more areas in front view, and these areas function as a primary viewing area for a passenger. And a second region and a third region located adjacent to the first region on each of the left and right sides of the first region, and the second and third regions are provided on the windshield. A windshield characterized by having an anti-fogging function on the side of the passenger compartment.   The second and third regions are connected by a belt-like region extending along the upper edge and / or the lower edge of the windshield in a front view, and the belt-like region is inside the passenger compartment of the windshield. The windshield according to claim 3, which has an anti-fogging function on its surface.   The primary viewing area is either a designated defrost range C defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS D4501) or a designated defrost range C defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS D4501). The windshield according to claim 1.   The said main visual recognition area is the range offset by the predetermined distance from the designation | designated defrost range A prescribed | regulated to Japanese Industrial Standard (JISD4501), The inner side is a range as described in any one of Claims 1-4 Windshield.   The windshield according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the antifogging function is exhibited by including an antifogging film or an antifogging film.   The windshield according to claim 7, comprising a plurality of types of antifogging films or a plurality of types of antifogging films.   The windshield according to claim 8, wherein the antifogging film consists essentially of a water absorbent resin film.   The windshield as described in any one of Claims 1-9 which further contains a water-repellent film in part or all of the outer surface of the said passenger compartment.   An automobile comprising: the windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 10; and a defroster for blowing heated air against a main visual recognition area on the side of the passenger compartment of the windshield.

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