JP2008534746A - Solid additive composition and method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The additive composition includes (A) an additive containing a nitrogen-containing detergent, a fatty acid-based friction modifier or a mixture thereof, and (B) a solid organic matrix material, the additive composition comprising about A solid that melts in the range of 25 ° C to about 200 ° C. A method for enhancing the performance of a functional fluid, particularly a vehicle fuel composition or power transmission fluid powered by an internal combustion engine, comprises adding a performance enhancing amount of an additive composition to the functional fluid. Is included.

Description

(Background of the Invention)
(1. Field of the Invention)
The present invention relates to a solid additive composition comprising an additive and a solid matrix material. The present invention further relates to a method for enhancing the performance of a functional fluid, the method comprising adding the solid additive composition to a functional fluid (eg, a fuel composition or a power transmission fluid). .

(2. Explanation of related technology)
In order to enhance the performance of the functional fluid, it is desirable to introduce additional or further additives into the functional fluid in a convenient manner (eg, as a solid additive composition). Performance enhancements include: a) maintaining performance under severe operating conditions, b) further improvement of performance under normal operating conditions, c) extending performance beyond the normal life of the fluid, d) Performance recovery, e) may be a combination of these.

  Jakob et al. Discloses a solid fuel additive in US Pat.

  Schuttenberg et al., In US Pat. Nos. 6,057,028 and 5,037,397, disclose solid forms of additives and methods of forming them.

Martin et al., In U.S. Patent Nos. 6,099,036, and 5,459,, disclose a fuel filter or container for releasing an additive into a fuel.
US Pat. No. 6,312,480 US Pat. No. 4,515,740 US Pat. No. 4,639,255 US Pat. No. 6,238,554 US Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0195380 US Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0026291

(Summary of the Invention)
The object of the present invention is to enhance the performance of functional fluids in an effective and convenient manner.

  A further object of the present invention is to enhance the performance of hydrocarbon fuel compositions.

  A further object of the present invention is to enhance the performance of the power transmission fluid.

  Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description that follows, and in part will be apparent from the detailed description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized by the instruments and combinations set forth in the appended claims.

  The present invention provides a solid additive composition in a functional fluid and, in one embodiment, preferably in a form that allows convenient and effective enhancement of the performance of a hydrocarbon fuel composition or power transmission fluid. provide.

In order to achieve the above object according to the present invention, as described and claimed herein, the additive composition comprises:
(A) Additives, antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, wear reducing agents, viscosity index improvers, antifoaming agents, combustion modifiers, friction modifiers, extreme pressure (EP) agents, wear reduction Agent, viscosity index improver, antifoaming agent, mist formation inhibitor, cloud point depressant, pour point depressant, mineral or synthetic oil, anti-knock agent, lead scavenger, dye, cetane improver, rust inhibitor, bacteria Growth inhibitor, gum inhibitor, fluidizer, metal deactivator, antiemulsifier, anti-icing agent, lubricity additive, friction modifier, viscosity modifier, fluidity improver, low temperature modifier, static Anti-static agent, valve-seat recession agent, intake valve deposit control additive, combustion chamber deposit control additive, fuel injector deposit control additive, fuel-borne catalyst (fuel-borne catalyst) For example, Na, K Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, Va, Zi, Be, Pt, Pa, Ce, Cr, Al, Th, Se, Bi, Cd, Te, Th, Sn, Ba, B, La, Ta, An additive containing a fuel additive or a lubricant additive selected from the group consisting of Ti, W, Zn, Ga, Pb, Ag, Au, Os, Ir), and combinations thereof in the fuel And (B) at least one solid organic matrix material, the additive composition is a solid that melts in the range of about 25 ° C. to about 200 ° C., and component (A) and component (B ) Is present in the additive composition at from about 5% to about 95%.

More specific embodiments are:
(A) an additive,
(1) a nitrogen-containing detergent comprising (a) a reaction between a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxy-containing aromatic compound, an aldehyde and an amine having at least one primary or secondary amino group A Mannich detergent prepared; (b) a polynitrile prepared by reacting an alkoxylated alcohol or alkoxylated alkylphenol with acrylonitrile to form a nitrile, and the nitrile is hydrogenated to form a polyetheramine. Ether amine; (c) alkoxylation reaction product of reaction product of C6-36 aliphatic carboxylic acid or aromatic carboxylic acid with polyethylene polyamine; (d) C6-36 aliphatic amine or aromatic amine Or (e) at least one component selected from a mixture thereof Containing, nitrogen-containing detergent;
(2) (a) a polyalkoxylated fatty amine; (b) an oxazoline derived from a fatty acid; and (c) a friction modifier derived from a fatty acid containing a mixture thereof; or (3) a mixture thereof. And (B) an additive composition containing at least one solid organic matrix material, the additive composition being a solid that melts in the range of about 25 ° C to about 200 ° C. And each of component (A) and component (B) is present in the additive composition in a range from about 5% to about 95% by weight of the additive composition.

  In another embodiment, a method for enhancing the performance of a functional fluid includes adding to the functional fluid an amount of an additive composition that enhances performance.

(Detailed description of the invention)
The present invention includes an additive composition, the additive composition comprising (A) an additive comprising (1) (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxy-containing aromatic compound, an aldehyde, and at least one A Mannich detergent prepared from the reaction with an amine having a number of primary or secondary amino groups; (b) reaction of an alkoxylated alcohol or alkoxylated alkylphenol with acrylonitrile to form a nitrile; A polyetheramine prepared by hydrogenating the nitrile to form a polyetheramine; (c) an alkoxylation reaction product of a reaction product of a fatty carboxylic acid, a naphthenic acid and a polyethylene polyamine And (d) nitrogen-containing detergents containing these mixtures; (2) (a) polyalkoxylation (B) an oxazoline derived from a fatty acid; and (c) a friction modifier derived from a fatty acid containing a mixture thereof; or (3) an additive containing a mixture thereof; and (B ) Containing at least one solid organic matrix material, the additive composition being a solid that melts in the range of about 25 ° C. to about 200 ° C., and each of component (A) and component (B) is About 5% to about 95% of the additive composition is present in the additive composition.

  The additive (A) of the present invention contains (A) (1) a nitrogen-containing detergent, (A) (2) a friction modifier derived from fatty acids, or (A) (3) a mixture thereof. Additive (A) can be a mixture containing two or more detergents, two or more friction modifiers, one or more detergents and one or more friction modifiers, or a combination thereof.

(Nitrogen-containing detergent)
The nitrogen-containing detergent of the present invention comprises (A) (1) (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxy-containing aromatic compound, an aldehyde, and an amine having at least one primary amino group or secondary amino group It can be a Mannich detergent obtained from the reaction with A hydrocarbyl group is a monovalent group that is predominantly hydrocarbon in nature throughout the application, and this group may have heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen in the hydrocarbon backbone, or Defined as a monovalent group that may have a heteroatom attached to this backbone as another atom (eg, a halogen atom) or in a group such as a hydroxy group. The hydrocarbyl substituent of the Mannich detergent can be derived from a polyolefin. The polyolefin _may be a polymer of an alkene or mixtures of these C 2 _{-C 10.} The hydrocarbyl substituent can have a number average molecular weight of about 200 to about 5,000; about 300 to about 3,000; about 400 to about 2,500; or about 900 to about 1,500. The hydrocarbyl substituent is derived from polyisobutylene or from polyisobutylene having a terminal double bond isomer content or vinylidene content greater than about 50%, greater than about 60%, or greater than about 70%. Can be done. Hydroxy-containing aromatic compounds can have one or more hydroxy groups, 0 to 1 or more C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl groups, or mixtures thereof, including, for example, phenol, catechol, and o-cresol. . Aldehydes can have 1 to 6 carbon atoms and include reactive forms of formaldehyde such as formalin and paraformaldehyde. The amine can be a monoamine, a polyamine, or a mixture thereof. The monoamine can be a primary monoamine, a secondary monoamine, an alkanolamine, or a mixture thereof. The monoamine can be, for example, butylamine, dimethylamine, or ethanolamine. The polyamine can be an alkylene diamine or a substituted derivative thereof (eg, ethylene diamine, polyethylene polyamine (eg, diethylene triamine), alkanolamine (eg, 2- (2-aminoethylamino) ethanol)), or a mixture thereof. The preparation of Mannich detergents is known to those skilled in the art, and an exemplary preparation procedure is described in US Pat. No. 5,876,468.

The nitrogen-containing detergent of the present invention comprises (A) (1) (b) an alkoxylated alcohol or alkoxylated alkylphenol and acrylonitrile to form a nitrile, and the nitrile is hydrogenated to form a polyetheramine. It can be a polyetheramine prepared by The alcohol can be an aliphatic alcohol, an aromatic alcohol, or a mixture thereof. The aliphatic alcohol can have a branched carbon chain, a straight carbon chain, or a mixture thereof. The aliphatic alcohol can have from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms, or from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms. The aliphatic alcohol can be a mixture of about two or more alcohols, where each alcohol has a different number of carbon atoms. The alkyl substituent of the alkyl alcohol can have from about 1 to about 30, from about 2 to about 24, or from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms. The alkoxylated alcohol or alkoxylated alkylphenol is prepared by reacting the alcohol or alkylphenol with one unit of alcohol or one or more units of alkylene oxide per unit of alkylphenol, generally under basified catalytic conditions. obtain. The alkylene oxide may be a single alkylene oxide or a mixture of about two or more alkylene oxides having different carbon numbers. The mixture of alkylene oxides may be reacted in combination with alcohol or alkylphenol or continuously. The alkylene oxide can have about 2 to about 18, about 2 to about 10, about 2 to about 4, or about 3 to about 4 carbon atoms. The alkylene oxide can be ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or mixtures thereof. The number of moles of alkylene oxide reacted with alcohol or alkylphenol per mole can be from about 1 to about 50, from about 10 to about 35, or from about 18 to about 27. The alkoxylated alcohol or alkoxylated alkylphenol can then be reacted with acrylonitrile to form a nitrile, which can then be reacted with a hydrogenating reagent to form a polyetheramine. . The polyetheramine may be represented by the formula RO (R ¹ O) _x CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ , where R represents an alcohol or alkylphenol hydrocarbon group, and R ¹ represents an alkylene oxide And x represents the number of moles of alkylene oxide that reacts with one mole of alcohol or alkylphenol. A process for preparing the polyetheramines (A) (1) (b) of the present invention from alcohols or alkylphenols is described in US Pat. No. 5,094,667.

  The nitrogen-containing detergent of the present invention can be an alkoxylation reaction product of the reaction product of (A) (1) (c) fatty carboxylic acid, naphthenic acid, and polyethylene polyamine. The fatty carboxylic acid can be linear, branched, or a mixture thereof. The fatty carboxylic acid can be saturated, unsaturated, or a mixture thereof. The fatty carboxylic acid can have from about 4 to about 22, from about 6 to about 22, or from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms. In an embodiment of the invention, the fatty carboxylic acid is oleic acid or stearic acid. Naphthenic acid is a mixture of saturated carboxylic acids of molecular weight of about 180 to about 350, which can be derived from petroleum and generally contain cyclic groups. Polyethylene polyamines can contain from about 3 to about 10, from about 3 to about 8, or from about 3 to about 6 nitrogen atoms and include, for example, diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine. The reaction product of fatty acids, naphthenic acids and polyethylene polyamines can be alkoxylated with alkylene oxides. The alkylene oxide can have about 2 to about 10, about 2 to about 8, or about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and mixtures thereof. Is mentioned. The molar ratio of fatty acid to naphthenic acid can be about 0.1 to 1: 0.1 to 1, respectively. The amount of polyethylene polyamine used is generally sufficient to react with all the carboxyl groups of fatty acids and naphthenic acids, or slightly in excess. In one embodiment of the invention, naphthenic acid reacts with oleic acid and triethylenetetramine at about 220 to about 260 ° C. to form an intermediate, which intermediate with ethylene oxide, about 160 to about React further at 180 ° C. Here, the weight ratio of these reactants is about 1: 1.2: 0.7: 0.2, respectively.

  In an embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen-containing detergent and additive (A) is (A) (1) (a) Mannich detergent, (A) (1) (b) polyetheramine, or mixtures thereof. is there.

(Friction modifier derived from fatty acid)
The friction modifier derived from fatty acids of the present invention can be (A) (2) (a) a polyalkoxylated fatty amine. Polyalkoxylated fatty amines are commercially available and generally the fatty carboxylic acid is reacted with ammonia to form an amide, which is then reduced to a primary fatty amine with a hydrogenating reagent. Can be prepared. The hydrocarbon group of the fatty amine can be linear, branched, or a mixture thereof. The hydrocarbon group of the fatty amine can be saturated, unsaturated, or a mixture thereof. The hydrocarbon group of the fatty amine can have from about 4 to about 22, from about 6 to about 22, or from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms. The fatty amines are generally alkylene oxide (e.g., C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide) and, further react in the ratio of 1 mole of 2 or more moles of alkylene oxide per fatty amine, polyalkoxylated fatty Form an amine. The molar ratio of alkylene oxide to fatty amine can be about 2-50: 1, about 2-20: 1, about 2-10: 1; or about 2-4: 1. In an embodiment of the invention, the polyalkoxylated fatty amine is a diethoxylated tallow amine or a diethoxylated oleylamine.

  The friction modifier derived from fatty acids of the present invention can be (A) (2) (b) an oxazoline derived from fatty acids. This oxazoline is a fatty carboxylic acid and 2-aminoethanol or a derivative thereof having a primary amino group on the β-position carbon relative to the carbon having a hydroxy group (eg, trishydroxymethyl-aminomethane (THAM)) ). The fatty carboxylic acid can be an acid as described above in paragraph [0017] of the International Publication Pamphlet of this application with respect to partial components (A) (1) (c). In one embodiment of the invention, the oxazoline is the reaction product of stearic acid and 2-aminoethanol. In another embodiment of the invention, the oxazoline is the reaction product of isostearic acid and THAM. In a further embodiment of the invention, the molar ratio of fatty acid to 2-aminoethanol or derivative thereof is 0.5-4: 1, 1-3: 1, 1.4-2.6: 1, 2: 1, Or 1: 1. Oxazolines can be prepared by reacting fatty acids with aminoethanol or its derivatives at a high temperature of about 90 to about 200 ° C. while removing water from the reaction system.

  In an embodiment of the invention, the friction modifier and additive (A) derived from a fatty acid is derived from (A) (2) (a) a polyalkoxylated fatty amine, (A) (2) (b) a fatty acid. Oxazoline, or (A) (2) (c) mixtures thereof.

(Solid organic matrix material)
The solid organic matrix material (B) of the present invention can be any material that, when combined with additive (A), produces or results in an additive composition that is solid. Component (B) is (1) hydrocarbon; (2) alcohol; (3) organic acid, derivative of organic acid, or mixture thereof; (4) (B) Other than (1) to (B) (3) Or an organic compound comprising only atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; or (5) a mixture thereof. Component (B) is about 25 ° C or higher, about 50 ° C or higher, about 60 ° C or higher, about 25 ° C to about 200 ° C, about 25 ° C to about 100 ° C, about 50 ° C to about 200 ° C, or It may have a melting point in the range of about 50 to about 100 ° C. The hydrocarbon (B) (1) can be natural, synthesized, or a mixture thereof. Natural hydrocarbons can include petroleum waxes, including paraffins or mixtures of paraffins, where the paraffins have a sufficiently high molecular weight of about 254 or greater so that they are solid. (Eg, C ₁₈ H ₃₈ paraffin, C ₃₆ H ₇₄ paraffin, or C ₂₄ H ₅₀ paraffin). Synthetic hydrocarbons can include polyethylene, hydrocarbons obtained from the Fischer-Tropsch process, or mixtures thereof (eg, linear low density polyethylene or Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon wax). The alcohol (B) (2) can be linear, branched, or a mixture thereof. Linear alcohols that are solids generally have a molecular weight of 214 or greater, such as C ₁₄ H ₂₉ OH alcohol, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ OH alcohol, or C ₁₈ H ₃₇ OH alcohol. Component (B) (3) may contain an organic acid, a derivative of an organic acid, or a mixture thereof. The organic acid can contain a straight chain carboxylic acid, a branched chain carboxylic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid, or a mixture thereof. Linear carboxylic acids that are solids generally have about 10 or more carbon atoms, such as decanoic acid and dodecanoic acid. Aromatic acids can include, for example, benzoic acid and naphthoic acid. Derivatives of organic acids can include esters of carboxylic acids, which can include natural esters, synthetic esters, or mixtures thereof. Natural esters can include esters from animal sources (eg, beeswax), esters from plant sources (eg, carnauba wax), or mixtures thereof. Synthetic esters can include aromatic carboxylic acid esters or fatty carboxylic acid esters of polyols. The fatty acid can be straight chain, branched chain, or a mixture thereof. The fatty acid can have from about 8 to about 22, from about 10 to about 22, or from about 12 to about 20 carbon atoms. The fatty acid can be saturated, unsaturated, or a mixture thereof. Polyols can have 2 or more hydroxy groups, or 3 or more hydroxy groups, such as glycerol and sorbitol. Synthetic esters can include, for example, sorbitan tristearate, glyceryl tristearate, and glyceryl tribenzoate. In one embodiment of the invention component (B) (3) is a synthesis derived from a linear fatty carboxylic acid, aromatic carboxylic acid, natural ester, polyol and a linear fatty carboxylic acid or aromatic carboxylic acid. It may contain esters, or mixtures thereof. Component (B) (4) can contain organic compounds such as those mentioned above, including poly (ethylene glycol), ethylcellulose, or mixtures thereof. The poly (ethylene glycol) can have a number average molecular weight of about 400 or more, about 600 or more, or about 900 or more.

(Additive composition)
The additive composition of the present invention may contain component (A) and component (B) as described above, wherein the additive composition is a solid. The additive composition comprises about 25 ° C. or higher, about 50 ° C. or higher, about 60 ° C. or higher, about 25 ° C. to about 200 ° C., about 25 to about 100 ° C., about 50 to about 200 ° C., Or it may be a solid that melts in the range of about 50 to about 100 ° C. The weight percent ratio of component (A) to component (B) in the additive composition is about 5-95: 95-5, about 15-85: 85-15, or about 25-75: 75-, respectively. 25. Component (A) and component (B) may each be present in the additive composition from about 5 to about 95%, from about 15 to about 85%, or from about 25 to about 75% by weight. .

  The additive composition containing additive (A), solid organic matrix material (B), and other optional ingredients can be any process or product that yields a solid additive composition or a homogeneous solid additive composition Can be prepared in a procedure. The additive composition can generally be prepared by combining these components and mixing the combination at ambient or elevated temperatures. Combining these components can be done by bringing all of these components together at the beginning of the preparation process, or by adding one or more components to one or more components simultaneously or sequentially. Can be made. Mixing can be any mixing means or mixing device (eg, a mixer such as a stirrer, agitator or dispersator); a grinding mill such as a ball mill, rod mill or tube mill; an acoustic device; Blending systems that use in-line dynamic (moving) or stationary (non-moving) mixing elements to stir or mix; or a combination thereof). In one embodiment of the invention where component (B) or any other optional component is a low melting solid that generally dissolves at about 100 ° C. or less, the additive composition combines these components. By applying sufficient heat to melt the solid components, mixing these components with a mixing means or mixing device (e.g., a mixer), and cooling the mixture to form a solid additive composition, Can be prepared. In another embodiment of the invention where component (B) or any other component is a high melting solid that generally melts above about 100 ° C., the additive composition comprises the components They can be prepared by combining and mixing these ingredients with a mixing means or mixing device (eg, a grinding mill) to form a solid additive composition. This solid mixture can be further processed by compression into pellet, tablet, or pill form by using any of the methods known in the art for producing pellets from powder. . This can be done by using a die that is compressed (eg, used to make KBr pellets to record the infrared spectrum of a solid), or an automated form of this process (eg, converting powder into tablets) By the use of a pelletizing machine). This solid can also be processed into granular form by any of the readily available techniques known to those skilled in granulation.

  The additive (A) of the present invention may be a gel. The gel may contain component (A) (1), component (A) (2) or a mixture thereof dissolved or dispersed in the gel composition. The gel composition may contain one or more additives in the form of an additive gel, which slowly adds the additive components to a functional fluid (eg, a lubricant or fuel composition). And release. The one or more additives containing the gel composition may be selected from detergents, dispersants, acids, bases, overbased detergents and combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the invention, the gel composition comprises a metal-containing detergent (eg, overbased sulfonate), a dispersant (eg, polyisobutenyl succinimide), extreme pressure agent and antiwear agent. (E.g. zinc dithiophosphate), antioxidants (e.g. hindered phenols and derivatives thereof), auxiliary friction modifiers (e.g. fatty acid based imidazolines), corrosion inhibitors and rust inhibitors (e.g. polyisobub) Tenyl succinic acid), viscosity modifiers (eg, nitrogen-containing esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers), auxiliary nitrogen-containing detergents (eg, hydrocarbon-substituted amines derived from polyisobutylene), seal swelling agents (Eg, sulfolane), antifoaming agents (eg, silicone oil), metal deactivators (eg, tolyltriazole), Combustion improvers Each time (e.g., octane improvers and cetane improvers) may further contain additional fuel additive or lubricant additive. Gel compositions, their preparation and their use are described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0014614. The components of additive (A) (including (A) (1), (A) (2), or (A) (3)) can be added before, during or after the preparation of this gel composition. It can be dissolved or dispersed in a gel composition to form a gel.

  The additive composition of the present invention is prepared in additive form for convenient use in a given application (eg, post-sales treatment of this functional fluid to enhance the performance of the functional fluid) or Can be manufactured. The additive composition can be manufactured as an uncoated additive unit or can be manufactured as a coated additive unit. The coating can be non-toxic; includes hydrocarbon media (oils of lubricating viscosity (eg, natural and / or synthetic lubricating oils or basestocks), or hydrocarbon fuels (eg, gasoline fuel or diesel fuel). And may have a melting point of about 50 ° C or higher, about 60 ° C or higher, about 65 ° C or higher, or about 75 ° C or higher. This coating contains one or more of the solid organic matrix material of component (B) described above in paragraph [0022] of the international publication pamphlet of the present application, or a packaging material (eg, an aluminum foil packaging material). obtain. This additive unit may be prepared or manufactured by procedures known in the art, such as by adding a semi-solid additive composition to a solid phase, for example, through a pellet mill or extruder and adding Forming a unit additive composition, or processing an additive composition in a molten or liquid state into a molded article of added size or an additive unit can be prepared. In one embodiment of the present invention, the additive composition containing component (A) and component (B) can be produced as an additive unit in an additive device. The manufacture of the additive composition as an additive unit in the additive device can be made by processing the molten or liquid additive composition into an additive-sized additive device (eg, a cylindrical container), which is further Enables insertion or injection into a functional fluid after manufacture.

  The additive composition of the present invention may further contain (C) at least one additional additive as required. The further additive (C) may contain one or more of the further fuel additives or lubricant additives described in paragraph [0025] of the international pamphlet of the present application that the gel composition may further contain. .

(Method to enhance the performance of functional fluid)
In one embodiment of the present invention, a method of enhancing the performance of a functional fluid adds a performance-enhancing amount of a solid additive composition to the functional fluid, as described throughout this application. Process. Performance enhancement may include, for example, maintaining fluid performance using an additive amount that maintains cleanliness, eg, improving fluid performance using a purified additive amount, eg, one or more auxiliary The addition amount can be used to extend the life of the fluid, for example, one or more fixing addition amounts can be used to restore functional fluid performance, or a combination thereof. The method of the present invention, using a concentrated solid form additive composition to enhance the performance of a functional fluid, is effective, convenient and safe. Solid additive compositions manufactured in additive units that are coated and / or in an additive device simplify the processing of functional fluids, including sealed fluids such as gear oils and transmission fluids Without the need for metering or handling of solvents or diluents and eliminating or minimizing contact with additives. The solid additive composition may be manufactured in additive units to deliver 1 ppm to 100,000 ppm, 1 ppm to 10,000 ppm, or 10 ppm to 1,000 ppm additive to the functional fluid on a weight basis. In one embodiment of the method of the present invention, the functional fluid is a functional fluid for a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, including a spark ignition engine or a compression ignition engine, and in other embodiments. Is a functional fluid for a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, including motor oil, fuel composition, power transmission fluid, gear oil, and hydraulic fluid. In a further embodiment of the method involving a functional fluid in a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, the functional fluid comprises a large amount of hydrocarbon fuel (including gasoline fuel or diesel fuel) and a small amount of solid additive composition. This functional fluid is a power transmission fluid containing a large amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and a small amount of solid additive composition. In a further embodiment of the method of enhancing the performance of a functional fluid, the solid additive composition dissolves rapidly in the functional fluid within about 1 minute to about 1 hour, or from about 1 hour to about 1 hour. Gradually dissolves in this functional fluid for longer than one month

  The following examples illustrate the advantages of the present invention.

(Maintaining fuel system cleanliness)
About 7 g polyetheramine and about 14 g linear C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ alcohol are combined, the combination is melted and mixed, and the melted mixture is solidified in a syringe cylinder modified to have an open end To prepare a solid additive composition. The polyether amine, a C ₁₃ alcohol, and butylene oxide, respectively reacted at about 1:20 molar ratio, and the polyalkoxylated alcohol is reacted with acrylonitrile to form a nitrile, the nitrile Prepare by catalytic hydrogenation to form polyetheramine. The fuel additive "stick" is injected from the modified syringe into a partially filled vehicle 20 gallon gasoline tank powered by a spark ignition engine and the tank is completely filled. It can be seen that the gasoline in this tank contains about 100 ppm polyetheramine by weight. This has been shown to be an effective level to keep the intake valve clean.

(Recovering power transmission performance)
About 2.4 g of diethoxylated tallow amine friction modifier and about 12.6 g of oxazoline friction modifier and about 15 g of paraffin wax are combined, the combination is melted and mixed, and the molten mixture is added to the open end. A solid additive composition is prepared by solidifying in a syringe modified to have. The oxazoline is prepared by reacting isostearic acid and trishydroxymethylaminomethane in a molar ratio of about 2: 1, respectively, while removing the reaction water. The modified lubricant additive “stick” in the syringe is divided into approximately 2.5 g pellets. The pellet is inserted into a life-for-life automatic transmission with the performance problem of “noise”. After dissolution of the pellet, this “noise” disappears and satisfactory transmission performance is restored.

  Each of the references referred to in the Detailed Description section is hereby incorporated by reference. For purposes of describing and claiming the present invention, all quantities used in this application are qualified by the word “about” unless explicitly stated otherwise or in the examples. Understood. All chemical treatments or contents throughout this application are understood to be active with respect to the present invention, even if a solvent or diluent may be present, unless indicated otherwise.

Claims (10)

An additive composition comprising:
(A) Additives, which are antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, wear reducing agents, viscosity index improvers, antifoaming agents, combustion modifiers, friction modifiers, extreme pressure (EP) Agent, wear reducing agent, viscosity index improver, antifoam agent, mist formation inhibitor, cloud point depressant, pour point depressant, mineral or synthetic oil, anti-knock agent, lead scavenger, dye, cetane number improver, Rust preventive, Bacterial growth inhibitor, Gum deterrent, Fluidizer, Metal deactivator, Demulsifier, Deicer, Lubricant additive, Friction modifier, Viscosity modifier, Fluidity improver, Low temperature Modifier, antistatic agent, valve seat receding agent, intake valve deposit control additive, combustion chamber deposit control additive, fuel injector deposit control additive, fuel-carrying catalyst (eg, Na, K, Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, Va, Zi, Be, Pt, Pa, Ce, Cr, A , Th, Se, Bi, Cd, Te, Th, Sn, Ba, B, La, Ta, Ti, W, Zn, Ga, Pb, Ag, Au, Os, Ir), and combinations thereof An additive containing in the fuel a fuel additive or lubricant additive selected from the group consisting of: and (B) at least one solid organic matrix material;
And the additive composition is a solid that melts in the range of about 25 ° C. to about 200 ° C., and each of component (A) and component (B) is about 5 in the additive composition. An additive composition present in a weight percent to about 95%. An additive composition comprising:
(A) an additive, the additive comprising:
(1) a nitrogen-containing detergent, wherein the nitrogen-containing detergent is (a) a Mannich detergent comprising a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxy-containing aromatic compound, an aldehyde, and at least one primary amino acid. A Mannich detergent prepared from reaction with an amine having a group or a secondary amino group; (b) a polyetheramine, which forms a nitrile by reaction of an alkoxylated alcohol or alkoxylated alkylphenol with acrylonitrile. A polyetheramine prepared by hydrogenating the nitrile to form a polyetheramine; (c) a reaction product of a C6-36 aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid with a polyethylene polyamine; An alkoxylation reaction product; (d) a C6-36 aliphatic amine Containing at least one component is selected from an aromatic amine or, (e) mixtures thereof, nitrogen-containing detergents;
(2) a friction modifier derived from a fatty acid, comprising (a) a polyalkoxylated fatty amine; (b) an oxazoline derived from a fatty acid; and (c) a mixture thereof. Friction modifiers; or (3) mixtures thereof,
And (B) at least one solid organic matrix material,
And the additive composition is a solid that melts in the range of about 25 ° C. to about 200 ° C., and each of component (A) and component (B) is about 5 in the additive composition. An additive composition present in a weight percent to about 95%.   (C) further containing at least one additional additive, and further, component (A) is a gel and the additive composition dissolves rapidly in the functional fluid, gradually dissolving The additive composition of claim 1, wherein said additive composition dissolves in said additive composition at a rate selected from the group consisting of: moderately soluble, and combinations thereof.   Component (A) and Component (B) are produced as uncoated or coated additive units, and the coating is non-toxic and soluble in a hydrocarbon medium, and about The additive composition according to claim 1, which melts at 50 ° C or higher.   Component (A) is (A) (2) (a), (A) (2) (b), or (A) (2) (c), and Component (B) is (1) carbonized (2) alcohol; (3) an organic acid, a derivative of an organic acid, or a mixture thereof; (4) (B) an organic compound other than (1) to (B) (3), which is carbon, hydrogen The additive composition according to claim 2, comprising an organic compound comprising only atoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen; or (5) a mixture thereof.   Component (A) contains (1) an ethoxylated amine derived from tallow amine and ethylene oxide, (2) isostearic acid / tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, or mixtures thereof, and (B) comprises Fischer Contains a C80 wax derived from the Tropsch process, and the weight ratio of component (A): component (B) is 70:30, and component (A) (1): component (A) (2) The additive composition according to claim 8, wherein the weight ratio is 8:50.   Hydroxyethylated amino acid derived from reaction of component (A) with (1) oleylamine, (2) polyethyleneamine, a mixture of naphthenic acid and oleic acid, and reaction of the resulting product with ethylene oxide Ethylamide, (3) polyether derived from the reaction of C1-C36-alkyl epoxide with C1-C36-alkylpropylamine, (4) alkyl derived from polyisobutylenephenol, formaldehyde and dimethylamine Containing amines, (5) poly [oxy (methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], α- (3-aminopropyl) -ω-hydroxy-, C12-15 alkyl ethers, or mixtures thereof, and (B ) Is (1) trans-stilbene, 2) cholesterol; (3) oleylamide, Or a mixture thereof and the weight ratio of component (A): component (B) is 10:90 and the weight ratio of (A) (1) :( A) (2) is 1: The additive composition according to claim 6, which is 1. A method of enhancing the performance of a functional fluid, the method comprising adding to the functional fluid an amount of an additive composition that enhances performance, the additive composition comprising (A ) Additives, which are antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, wear reducing agents, viscosity index improvers, antifoaming agents, combustion modifiers, friction modifiers, extreme pressure (EP) agents, Wear reducing agent, viscosity index improver, antifoaming agent, mist formation inhibitor, cloud point depressant, pour point depressant, mineral or synthetic oil, anti-knock agent, lead scavenger, pigment, cetane number improver, rust prevention Agent, Bacterial growth inhibitor, Gum inhibitor, Fluidizer, Metal deactivator, Demulsifier, Deicer, Lubricant additive, Friction modifier, Viscosity modifier, Fluidity improver, Low temperature modifier Agent, antistatic agent, valve seat receding agent, intake valve deposit control additive, combustion chamber deposit control additive, fuel injector depot Jit control additive, fuel-carrying catalyst (eg, Na, K, Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, Va, Zi, Be, Pt, Pa, Ce, Cr, Al, Th, Se, Bi , Cd, Te, Th, Sn, Ba, B, La, Ta, Ti, W, Zn, Ga, Pb, Ag, Au, Os, and Ir), and combinations thereof. An additive containing a fuel additive or lubricant composition in the fuel; and (B) at least one solid organic matrix material;
The additive composition is a solid that melts in the range of about 25 ° C. to about 200 ° C., and each of component (A) and component (B) is from about 5% to about 5% by weight in the additive composition. Method present at 95%.   The method of claim 1, wherein the functional fluid comprises a motor oil, a fuel composition, a power transmission fluid, a gear oil, and a hydraulic fluid.   The method of claim 1, wherein the functional fluid is a fuel composition containing a large amount of hydrocarbon fuel and a small amount of the additive composition.