JP2008307439A - Method for disposing of low-pressure sodium lamp and its disposer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for disposing of a low-pressure sodium lamp and a disposer therefor which can safely and efficiently treat the low-pressure sodium lamp in a room etc. without any fear of environmental pollution. <P>SOLUTION: The disposer 1 for the low-pressure sodium lamp used includes a crushing device H crushing the low-pressure sodium lamp R and an immersing device B (B1) immersing crushed pieces in a state of sinking them. The immersing process is performed by sinking a mesh container M housing the crushed pieces of the low-pressure sodium lamp in the water vessel B1 and thereafter they are taken from the water vessel B1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a disposal method and a disposal apparatus for a low-pressure sodium lamp.

  In recent years, waste separation processing has been promoted. Disposal of discharge lamps is one of the difficult ones. Waste lamps (lighting tubes) include those containing mercury, argon, neon, halogens, etc., but these are difficult to treat uniformly. Under these circumstances, the applicant of the present application has applied for several patents for processing methods of waste lamps (Patent Documents 1, 2, etc.). However, among low-pressure lamps, in particular, low-pressure sodium lamps with metallic sodium sealed inside the arc tube (motorway / tunnel, fog and smoke, low-visibility road guidance lights, and lighting in cold places such as refrigerated warehouses) When it is crushed and discarded in a disposal site, it reacts with water such as rainwater to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen, and the hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the air and spontaneously ignites. And dangerous. For example, when metallic sodium is placed in a water tank, it reacts with water even at -98 ° C. to generate hydrogen. At room temperature, the sodium melts due to the reaction heat, turns into a silver ball, runs around the surface of the water, becomes sodium hydroxide and dissolves in water. Hydrogen is ignited spontaneously when the water temperature is 40 ° C or higher, or when movement is hindered and fixed in one place.

The reaction formula of sodium (Na) and water (H ₂ O) is represented by (formula 1), and the reaction formula of hydrogen (H ₂ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) is represented by (formula 2). It is. That is, sodium (2Na) and water (2H ₂ O) react to produce sodium hydroxide (2NaOH) and hydrogen (H ₂ ). Then, hydrogen (2H ₂ ) produced by the reaction of sodium (2Na) and water (2H ₂ O) reacts with oxygen (O ₂ ) in the air to produce water (2H ₂ O), and this hydrogen When (2H ₂ ) reacts with oxygen in the air (O ₂ ), it spontaneously ignites and is dangerous.

For this reason, in the instruction manual for the low-pressure sodium lamp, the disposal method is as follows: “When you dispose of the used lamp, be sure to prevent the risk of fire. Shatter the lamp in an atmosphere and place it in a non-combustible container, and the operator should pour water from a safe position with a rubber tube, as sodium hydrates may splatter, such as painting nearby (for example, Do not leave the car). After a few minutes, the sodium will be harmless. "
JP 2006-212497 A JP 2006-102653 A

  However, the disposal method of spraying tap water with a hose as described above has the inconvenience that the disposal method is not fixed, the efficiency of the treatment is not bad, and the treatment cannot be performed indoors. is doing. In addition, the treatment method has a strong alkaline content, and leaving it as it is has a problem of polluting the environment (soil contamination).

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a disposal method and a disposal apparatus for a used low-pressure sodium lamp which can be safely and efficiently treated indoors and the like and are free from environmental pollution.

  The disposal method for a low-pressure sodium lamp according to the present invention is a disposal method for a used low-pressure sodium lamp, which is a crushing step for crushing the low-pressure sodium lamp, and is attached to the fragments in a state of being submerged in a water tank. It is provided with a dipping process for decomposing components. Further, the disposal device for the low-pressure sodium lamp according to the present invention includes a crushing device for crushing the low-pressure sodium lamp and a dipping device for immersing the shredded pieces in water in a used disposal device for the low-pressure sodium lamp. It is characterized by providing.

  In the crushing step (crushing apparatus) of the present invention, it is preferable to crush flatly (in a plate shape) so as not to cause air accumulation. This is because if hydrogen is stored in the air reservoir, there is a high possibility that hydrogen and oxygen in the air will react and ignite. Next, in the dipping process (dipping apparatus), the crushed pieces of the low-pressure sodium lamp are submerged in the water tank. Metal sodium adheres to the glass tube or to the electrode, but if the fragment is placed in the aquarium, it sinks to the bottom as it is, but the sodium component has a specific gravity slightly smaller than water and reacts with water. It dissolves in water, separates from glass pieces, etc., and tries to float on the water surface. On the other hand, the hydrogen produced by the reaction of metallic sodium with water is not stored in the air reservoir, and the specific gravity of hydrogen is much smaller than that of water. As a result, it is dispersed and floats on the surface of the water, so that the possibility that hydrogen reacts with oxygen is reduced and ignition is suppressed.

  In the disposal method of the low-pressure sodium lamp according to claim 2 of the present invention, the dipping step is performed by submerging the mesh container in which the fragments of the low-pressure sodium lamp are put in the water tank, and then the water tank is pulled up and washed. It is characterized by that.

  According to the present invention, the dipping process is performed by submerging the mesh container in which the fragment of the low-pressure sodium lamp is placed in the water tank, and then the water tank is pulled up, so that only the water in the water tank in which the immersion has been performed is obtained. Can be exchanged.

  In addition, when the mesh container of the present invention is immersed in a water tank, it is preferable that the upper part of the mesh container protrudes slightly from the surface of the water. Further, the mesh on the upper part of the mesh container is difficult for sodium components to pass through. It is preferable that the mesh is as fine as possible. Thereby, there is no fear that the undecomposed metallic sodium component floating on the water surface is scattered outside the mesh container.

  The disposal method of the low-pressure sodium lamp according to claim 3 of the present invention includes a plurality of water tanks, a water tank for neutralization treatment disposed therein, and a mesh container taken out from the water tank for immersion. It is characterized by being able to enter.

  According to the present invention, even if immersed in a water tank for immersion, the fragmented pieces are still highly alkaline, such as high alkalinity (PH concentration), and when this is reclaimed in a landfill, the environment is reduced. There is a possibility of contamination. According to the present invention, since the water tank for neutralization treatment is arranged, when the mesh container taken out from the water tank for immersion is put, the alkalinity of the fragments is neutralized and buried in a landfill or the like However, the problem of soil pollution and other environmental pollution is eliminated. Moreover, if the metal parts such as electrodes are removed from the crushed pieces, the glass can be recycled.

  The disposal method of the present invention is preferably washed with water after the dipping step, and further washed with water after the neutralization treatment. According to the present invention, it is washed with water after the dipping step, and is washed with water after the neutralization treatment, so there is no need to use a large amount of the neutralizing agent, etc. Since it is in a removed state, it is in a state where there is no concern about environmental pollution such as soil contamination even if it is discarded.

  As the disposal device for the low-pressure sodium lamp of the present invention, it is preferable that an injection device for injecting water onto the water surface of the water tank is disposed. According to the present invention, even if a situation occurs in which hydrogen and oxygen in the air react and ignite on the water surface of the aquarium, it is a small matter of ignition, but water is jetted on the water surface. Even if an ignition occurs, it is extinguished immediately.

  In the low-pressure sodium lamp disposal apparatus according to the present invention, it is preferable that a plurality of water tanks are arranged, and the mesh container is suspended by a chain drive mechanism and sequentially fed into the plurality of water tanks.

  According to the present invention, the mesh container is suspended by the chain drive mechanism and sequentially fed into the plurality of water tanks, so that the waste treatment is efficiently performed by the indoor flow work and the suspended state is suspended. As the mesh container swings, each of the crushed pieces is immersed in water.

  According to the present invention, even a low-pressure sodium lamp that may explode depending on how it is disposed of can be prevented from exploding by performing an immersion step after the crushing step, and is safe. In addition to being able to dispose of waste, it can be processed efficiently by flowing work indoors without being treated at a landfill site. In addition, if the mesh container is pulled up from the water tank by putting the crushed pieces in the mesh container and submerging in the water tank, the decomposition solution at the time of immersion can be discarded as it is, and further, the mesh container that has been pulled up is neutralized. If it is neutralized with a water tank, it can be disposed without causing environmental pollution when disposed at a landfill site or the like.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a side view of a low-pressure sodium lamp disposal apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view from the front side of the apparatus. The low-pressure sodium lamp disposal apparatus 1 according to the present invention includes a carry-in conveyor Hc for carrying used low-pressure sodium lamps, a crushing device H for crushing low-pressure sodium lamps, and water tanks B1 to B4. Is arranged on the base 2, and the water tanks B <b> 1 to B <b> 4 are arranged inside the outer frame 3 adjacent to the crushing device H.

  The crushing device H includes an inclined slope Hs continuously arranged from the carry-in conveyor Hc, an axial crusher Hk, and a discharge path Hz for discharging crushed glass pieces and the like. The shaft-type crusher Hk has two driving blades K1 and a driven blade K2 arranged obliquely and crushes the low-pressure sodium lamp R fed through the inclined slope Hs in an inclined state. The drive-side rotary blade K1 is connected and driven via a motor Hm and a drive belt Hb.

  The discharge path Hz is arranged obliquely downward, and the front end side of the discharge path Hz is attached to be extendable by an air cylinder Ha that performs an expansion / contraction operation. For this reason, if the front end side of the discharge path Hz is extended via the air cylinder Ha, the crushed pieces can be discharged toward the mesh container M. If the front end side of the discharge path Hz is returned by the air cylinder Ha, It is possible to prevent the discharge path Hz from interfering with the lifting of the mesh container M on the mesh container M. Note that a ventilation device such as a ventilation fan is provided at a position after crushing of the crushing device H so that ventilation is sufficiently performed.

  The water tanks B1 to B4 are made of stainless steel, and a plurality of tanks are arranged in the outer frame 3. The first water tank B1 is a water tank for immersing, water is put in, the second water tank B2 is a water tank for washing the immersed crushed pieces, and the third water tank B3 is subjected to neutralization treatment. The 4th water tank B4 is a water tank which performs water washing. Inside the outer frame 3, an injection device F that injects water onto the water surface of the water tank B1 is provided. The injection device F is used to extinguish fire when hydrogen generated by the chemical reaction between sodium floating on the surface of the water and oxygen in the air reacts with oxygen in the air, and is a submerged mesh. A plurality are arranged so as to spread over the water surface in the container Y. As for 3rd water tank B3, the neutralizing agent is put into water. In this embodiment, dilute sulfuric acid is added to neutralize the alkaline component. In addition, it is also possible to arrange | position the injection apparatus F in the position of the 2nd-3rd water tank, and to make a water surface ripple.

  The mesh container M is a container in which crushed pieces are placed and sequentially put into the water tanks B1 to B4, and the container is constituted by a mesh fabric having a predetermined size. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the upper side of the mesh container M has a double mesh structure, and the upper mesh Mb is higher than the first mesh Ma. It is a fine mesh. This is because the hydrogen generated by the chemical reaction of sodium with water on the water surface of the immersion water tank B1 may react with oxygen in the air and ignite, but the damage caused by this ignition is more than that of the mesh container M. This is to prevent it from spreading outside. The first mesh M1 uses a relatively large mesh because it is necessary to sufficiently put water inside the mesh container M.

  The mesh container M is suspended by the chain drive mechanism T and moves or moves up and down (FIGS. 1 and 2). The chains Tc face each other in an endless manner inside the outer frame 3. That is, a chain Tc is attached to a sprocket Tp that is rotatably attached to the inside of an outer frame 3 of a device in which a plurality of water tanks B1 to B4 are arranged, and a bar member (a member for lowering) 4 that is hooked on the chain Tc. The mesh container M is suspended from the bar (lowering member) 4. The position of the sprocket Tp is arranged not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction so that the mesh container M moves up and down. Therefore, at the positions of the respective water tanks B1 to B4, the mesh container M is submerged or pulled up in the water tanks B1 and B4, and is conveyed so as to cross the plurality of water tanks B1 to B4 in order. The chain drive mechanism T is configured to return to the position of the immersion water tank B1 in an empty state after being discarded into the discharge container (drum can) 5. A suspension wire is attached to the mesh container M, and this wire is attached to the pulling member 4 that is suspended from the chain Tc. For this reason, the mesh container M can also be tilted obliquely, and when it is discharged to the discharge container (drum can) 5, the mesh container M is inclined and easily placed in the discharge container (drum can) 5.

  Although not shown, a ventilation device such as a ventilation fan is provided at a predetermined location. In particular, a ventilation fan is attached to each of the crushing device H and the first water tank B1 so that ventilation is sufficiently performed.

  Next, a waste lamp disposal method using the above apparatus will be described. FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the waste lamp disposal method according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the low-pressure sodium lamp R includes an inner arc tube (inner tube glass) D1 and an outer outer bulb (outer tube glass) D2, and an arc tube (inner tube glass) D1. A base Rk is attached to the base side of the base, and an electrode Rd is attached to the mount Rm on the opposite side of the base Rk. The arc tube D1 is substantially U-shaped, and dimples d are provided at a predetermined interval. Only a small part of sodium exists as vapor in the pipe, and most of it is attached to the dimple d. Sodium is also attached to the electrode Rd.

  First, after removing the base Rk of the low pressure sodium lamp R and removing the outer bulb (outer tube glass) D2 (step 1 in FIG. 4), the arc tube (inner tube glass) D1 is disposed of as a waste lamp disposal device. When arranged so as to be arranged at a predetermined interval on one carry-in conveyor Hc, the low-pressure sodium lamp R conveyed by the carry-in conveyor Hc is inclined on the inclined slope Hs, applied to the crusher Hk, and crushed to a predetermined size. (STEP 2: crushing step H). As shown in FIG. 5, the low-pressure sodium lamp R has a lamp shape (bar shape), and thus the two rotary blades K <b> 1 and K <b> 2 are sequentially crushed in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, it is crushed into a plate shape (planar shape) and there is no arc-shaped portion that causes air accumulation. When crushed, it is sent to the oblique discharge path Hz as it is, and crushed pieces are put from the tip of the discharge path Hz toward the mesh container M. When the front end side of the discharge path Hz is extended by the air cylinder Ha that performs an expansion / contraction operation, the discharge path Hz causes the shredded pieces to be discharged toward the mesh container M, and after discharge, the front end side of the discharge path Hz is reduced. . The outer tube bulb (outer tube glass) D2 is crushed and then placed in a drum can and discarded at a landfill site (STEP 8). It is also possible to provide two rotary blades K1, K2 corresponding to the U-shaped arc tube (inner tube glass) D1, and crush them.

  Here, it is desirable that the water injection by the injection device F is performed from the time of supplying the crushed pieces to the mesh container M. This is because the generation of smoke generated during crushing can be suppressed. It is desirable to perform ventilation with a ventilation fan while the fan is turned on in advance.

  Next, in the dipping process B (STEP 3), the crushed pieces of the low-pressure sodium lamp R are brought into a state of being submerged in the water tank B1. Metal sodium adheres to the arc tube (inner tube glass) D1 or adheres to the electrode Rd, but if the crushed pieces are put into the water tank B1, they will sink to the bottom of the water tank B1. When the crushed pieces are submerged in the water tank B1, sodium is easily dissolved in water. Therefore, the crushed pieces are separated from the glass pieces and try to float on the water surface. When the fragments are crushed into plates, hydrogen does not accumulate in the air reservoir, and hydrogen is dispersed as small bubbles each time hydrogen is generated by the reaction between sodium and water and floats on the water surface. For this reason, possibility that hydrogen will react with oxygen becomes low and ignition is suppressed.

  Here, the mesh container M may be disposed so as to be submerged in the bottom of the water tank B1, but as shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable that the mesh container M be suspended at a predetermined height. That is, it is preferable that the double mesh portion Mb of the mesh container M is suspended in a state where the mesh container M protrudes from the water surface. This is because, even when ignited on the surface of the water, it is possible to prevent the ignition from spreading out of the container M with the fine mesh Ma. It should be noted that the ignition on the water surface is small (not an explosion) and is immediately extinguished by the water in the water tank B1 or the injection by the injection device F.

  As described above, in the disposal method of the low-pressure sodium lamp of the present embodiment, after the low-pressure sodium lamp R is crushed and then placed in the water tank B1 so as to be actively brought into contact with a large amount of water, it explodes. There is no danger. The ignition is such that ignition (small ignition) occurs at the surface of the floating water surface. This is considered to be one of the causes of being cooled when submerged in a large amount of water, and does not cause ignition or explosion considering the reaction with water. The deeper the water tank B1 is, the better, in order to release a small amount of hydrogen as small bubbles each time while the sodium chemically reacts with water, and to float on the water surface.

  The mesh container M1 after the dipping process B is then fed into the second water tank B2 by the chain drive mechanism T, and the fragments of the low-pressure sodium lamp are washed with water (STEP 4). Here, simultaneously with this operation, the mesh container M2 in the second water tank B2 is sequentially sent to the third water tank B3, and the mesh container M3 in the third water tank B3 is sequentially sent to the fourth water tank B4. . That is, it is sent to the next water tank in order by the flow work. The mesh container M after the dipping step B is washed in the second water tank B2 and then transferred to the third water tank B3. Thus, even if the mesh container M is immersed in the water tank B1 for immersion, the fragments are still alkaline. Although the pH is offset, such as high, the mesh container M1 is placed in the third water tank B3 containing dilute sulfuric acid to neutralize the alkalinity of the crushed pieces (STEP 5). Thereafter, the water is washed in the fourth water tank B4 and taken out (STEP 6). Therefore, there is no problem that the environment such as soil contamination is contaminated even when landfilled at a landfill site. Moreover, although only the 1st water tank B1 in which immersion was performed, and the 3rd water tank B3 into which the neutralizing agent was put can be replaced | exchanged or water can be replaced, this is effective neutralizer. Can be used. The water in the fourth water tank B4 can be returned to the third water tank B3, the water in the third water tank B3 can be returned to the second water tank B2, and the water in the second water tank B2 is Since the water tank B1 can be returned to the first water tank B1, it is not necessary to frequently exchange a large amount of water, and the water can be saved. In addition, when putting a neutralizer, the apparatus which stirs this is not arranged. This is because the mesh container M is conveyed and moved up and down by the chain drive mechanism T, and the water in the water tank is shaken and moved by the shaking (oscillation) at this time. This shaking also causes water to reach the entire fragment.

  The crushed pieces that have been washed with water by the fourth water tank B4 can be moved by making the mesh container M1 oblique at the position of the disposal container (drum tube) 5 (STEP 7). The shredded pieces placed in the drum tube 5 are discarded in a landfill site or the like after separation of glass and metal such as the electrode Rd (STEP 8). It is also possible to recycle only glass.

(Example)
The low-pressure sodium lamp R was processed by the method according to the embodiment of the present invention with about 20 units as one unit. The amount of water in each of the four water tanks B1 to B4 is 100L. In the first water tank B1, the pH was 10.0 to 13.0 or more, but in the second water tank B2, the pH became 8.0 to 10.0, and the third water tank B3 for neutralization. Then, PH became about 7.6. In addition, PH was 7.6 also in the 4th water tank B4 after that. Therefore, there is no problem even if it is disposed of in a landfill site.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, from the viewpoint of preventing the risk of explosion, the low-pressure sodium lamp disposal method and disposal device in which metal sodium is sealed inside the arc tube has been described. From the point of processing, it can be applied to disposal of high-pressure sodium lamps, mercury lamps, halogen lamps and the like.

It is sectional drawing by the side surface of one embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the front side of the said one Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows a mesh container. It is a flowchart of the disposal processing method of the low pressure sodium lamp of the present invention. It is a side view of a low pressure sodium lamp.

Explanation of symbols

1 Waste treatment equipment for low-pressure sodium lamps,
3 Outer frame of the device,
5 discharge container (drum can),
B immersion process (immersion device),
B1-B4 aquarium,
B1 water tank for immersion (first water tank), B3 water tank for neutralization (third water tank),
F injection device,
M, M1-M4 mesh container,
T chain drive mechanism, Tc chain, Tp sprocket,
H crushing process (crushing device),
Hc carry-in conveyor, Ha air cylinder,
Hs slope slope, Hk crusher, Hz discharge path,
R Low pressure sodium lamp, d dimple

Claims (7)

  The disposal method for used low-pressure sodium lamps comprises a crushing step for crushing the low-pressure sodium lamp and a dipping step for decomposing components adhering to the crushed pieces in a state of being submerged in a water tank. Disposal method of low pressure sodium lamp.   2. The disposal method for a low-pressure sodium lamp according to claim 1, wherein the dipping step is performed by submerging a mesh container in which fragments of the low-pressure sodium lamp are placed in the water tank, and thereafter, the water tank is taken out.   The disposal of the low-pressure sodium lamp according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of water tanks are arranged, a water tank for neutralization treatment is arranged therein, and a mesh container taken out from the water tank for immersion is placed therein. Processing method.   A used low-pressure sodium lamp disposal apparatus, comprising: a crushing apparatus that crushes the low-pressure sodium lamp; and an immersion apparatus that immerses the shredded piece in a submerged state.   5. A disposal apparatus for a low-pressure sodium lamp according to claim 4, further comprising a mesh container for storing a fragment of the low-pressure sodium lamp, and a chain drive mechanism for submerging the mesh container in the water tank and taking it out of the water tank. .   6. The low-pressure sodium lamp disposal apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of the water tanks are arranged, and the mesh container is suspended by a chain drive mechanism and sequentially fed into the plurality of water tanks.   5. A low-pressure sodium lamp according to claim 4, further comprising: a water tank into which a neutralizing agent is charged, wherein the water tank containing the neutralizing agent is neutralized in the water tank in which the treatment in the first water tank is performed. Waste disposal equipment.

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