JP2008290018A - Removing method of harmful substance - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means to peel and remove asbestos by a simple operation which is almost asbestos flying-free. <P>SOLUTION: The harmful substance, above all, asbestos can be removed by jetting steam (gaseous water) 20 to the surface on which the harmful substance deposits, as shown in Fig.2. Especially, it is preferable to form a gap between the harmful substance and its deposition surface, e.g. a wall surface or a ceiling surface by combining a gap forming appliance like spatula 16, and jet the steam 20 to the gap during jetting operation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a method for removing harmful substances, and more specifically, removes harmful substances containing asbestos, dioxins, heavy metals, etc. from the adhering surface, or removes unnecessary floor materials, tiles, etc. The present invention relates to a method for peeling and removing from a surface.

As is well known, asbestos has been conventionally used as a kind of refractory material or heat insulating material, for example, on the wall surface or ceiling surface of buildings.

  Conventional methods for removing asbestos adhering to the walls and ceilings of buildings are usually applied with a viscous liquid to prevent scattering, and then using a kelen rod or the like, the wall or ceiling with asbestos adhering to it manually. It peels from the surface. However, this method requires the spraying of the anti-scattering agent, and the dust of asbestos is scattered, resulting in health problems for workers.

  There is also a method of jetting water at a high pressure, but the water is contaminated with asbestos, and it takes a lot of work, cost and time to treat the wastewater of the water, which is extremely inefficient. Moreover, the wastewater cannot be treated sufficiently, and there are still problems with hygiene.

  Recently, means using dry ice has also been developed by Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2004-305904 (Reference 1) and 2006-348704 (Reference 2). However, these documents 1 and 2 point out the following difficulties.

  In Document 1, cylindrical ice (about 3 mm × 10 mm) dry ice particles are jetted onto an asbestos adhesion surface, and the asbestos is peeled off from the adhesion surface by a collision force at that time. In this method, since the force at the time of collision is strong, asbestos becomes powdery, its scattering becomes extremely large, and it takes a lot of time and labor to recover the scattered asbestos, and the work efficiency is significantly reduced. is there. In addition, sanitary safety for workers was hindered.

  Reference 2 is intended to eliminate the difficulties of Reference 1, and asbestos is peeled off using dry ice particles obtained by granulating block dry ice as dry ice. This is a method in which this peeling step is further combined with a wetting step and a cooling step. The method of Document 2 requires labor and time for processing dry ice, requires a cooling process and a wet process separately, is extremely inefficient, requires many processes, and never industrially. It is not desirable.

Dioxins and heavy metals are typically incinerated in an incinerator and discarded, but the incinerated products at this time adhere to the wall surface and floor surface and need to be removed. This removal is also performed using water or a keren rod, but there are the same problems as in the case of asbestos in the problem of scattering and the treatment of waste water.
JP 2004-305904 A JP 2006-384704 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve each of the above-mentioned problems of conventional asbestos removal technology. More specifically, it has been used in the past without using dry ice or water (liquid). Hazardous substances that can reduce the efficiency and time of work, effectively prevent dust scattering, have no sanitary obstacles to workers, and require almost no wastewater treatment. It is to develop a new method for removing asbestos.

  This problem is solved by injecting steam (gaseous water) onto the surface on which the harmful substance is adhered. In addition, it is particularly preferable to use a gap forming device such as a spatula between the harmful substance and the adhesion surface, for example, a wall surface or a ceiling surface, to which the harmful substance is attached when injecting the vapor, and to inject the vapor with a gap. .

  In the present invention, by spraying steam (gaseous water), the adhering harmful substance can be wetted and peeled off (removed) at the same time. That is, the harmful substance is moistened by the jet of steam and the scattering is almost controlled, and the harmful substance is peeled and removed very efficiently by the jet of steam (high temperature and high pressure). More detailed description is as follows.

  The greatest feature of the present invention is that it is sprayed to a target location under a certain condition with steam (gaseous water) as a main component without using conventional water (liquid) or dry ice at all. . At this time (at the time of steam injection), a gap is formed using a gap forming tool such as a spatula between the harmful substance layer and the harmful substance adhesion surface attached to the target location. By injecting steam into the formed gap, the harmful substance layer can be peeled and removed more easily and reliably.

  The steam used in the present invention can be produced very easily by heating water to gasify it. The water vaporization is not particularly limited as long as it is a means capable of vaporizing water, and various conventionally known means are appropriately employed in a wide range. A typical example is a means for vaporizing using a boiler. In the present invention, steam produced by a boiler is connected to an injector using a hose, and steam is injected from the nozzle of the injector. The temperature of the steam may be higher than the temperature at which water of 100 ° C. or higher is vaporized, and is usually 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably about 130 to 170 ° C.

  The pressure for injecting the steam from the nozzle of the injector is 0.3 Mpa or more, preferably about 0.6 to 10 Mpa.

  In the present invention, as the injector and the nozzle used for injecting the steam, those capable of injecting the steam transferred from the boiler at a predetermined temperature and pressure are used. Conventional injectors and nozzles used for water injection, etc., are those that inject water at room temperature, so there is no particular need for heat resistance. Therefore, heat resistance is required, and those made of a material having heat resistance of 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 150 ° C. or higher are used. Representative examples include stainless steel injectors and nozzles. As long as it is made of a material having a predetermined heat resistance, the structure of the injector or its nozzle is basically the same as that of the conventional structure.

  In the present invention, representative examples of harmful substances to which the present invention is applied include asbestos, dioxin, various heavy metals, etc., and also for peeling and removing tiles and floors that are no longer needed. Applicable. In more detail, in the case of asbestos, the asbestos layer is peeled and removed from the walls and ceilings of buildings, and it adheres to each surface of dioxins and heavy metal treatment facilities (for example, incinerators in the case of dioxins). An example of such work to remove these harmful substances can be given.

  It is also extremely effective when peeling and removing tiles that are no longer needed in houses, inns, etc., and when peeling and removing building materials such as floors or flooring materials.

  The principle of the method for removing harmful substances using the steam of the method of the present invention will be briefly described below with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 1, (1) is raw material water, and FIG. 1 shows an amount of water of 1 kg. At this time, the volume is 0.001 m ³ at 20 ° C. (2) shows the case where the water (1) is steamed with a boiler, and the volume becomes 0.2778 m ³ at 0.6 Mpa, 164.2 ° C. The case where this steam is injected from the nozzle of the injector is shown by (3), and when it is injected by the nozzle, the vapor becomes a volume of 100 ° C., 1.725 m ³ , and exhibits the peeling force in the range shown by (4). It will be. Then, as shown in (5), the temperature is then lowered by heat dissipation, and as shown in (6), it becomes liquid and returns to the original water. In other words, when 1 kg of water is used as steam, the volume of water is 0.001 m ³ , and after injection is 1.725 m ³ (100 ° C.). Peeling / removal is performed, and the peeling force is remarkably increased as compared with the case of using water (liquid). Moreover, the steam whose temperature has been lowered after the injection returns to water, and its volume is only 0.001 m ³ , so that it does not scatter and becomes water as wastewater for use in wetting of harmful substances. There is nothing.

  A schematic explanatory diagram of an example when carrying out the method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  In FIG. 2 (a), steam is generated by a steam generator (10), which is connected to a steam injector (12) via a heat-resistant hose (11). In this case, as the steam generator (10), for example, an engine-type compressed steam generator can be exemplified as a representative example, and a 150 ° C. heat-resistant hose can be exemplified as a heat-resistant hose. In the injector (12), (13) is a clip, (14) is an ejection lever, (15) is a screwed fixed movable clip, (16) is a spatula, (17) is a drug ejection hole, (18) Indicates a drug, (19) indicates a compressed steam ejection hole, and (20) indicates a compressed steam (6 Mpa).

  (B) in FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the spatula, (16)-(b) is the front surface of the spatula, (16)-(b) is the back surface, (17) is the drug ejection hole, (19) Indicates a compressed steam jet hole.

  FIG. 2 (c) is a schematic explanatory diagram when the asbestos layer (21) is peeled off and removed from the wall surface (22) using the injector (12). However, the medicine (18) is a solidifying agent-free best penetrant (manufactured by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.), and this is injected from a medicine ejection hole formed on the back surface of the spatula. However, this solidifying agent may be used simultaneously with the vapor injection or separately from the injection.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

  A peel test was performed by the following method on an object in which a rock wool-like spraying material (thickness 50 mm) containing 50% by weight of asbestos was sprayed on the firm surface of the steel structure. For comparison, a comparative example using a conventional keren rod is also shown below.

  Using a high-temperature and high-pressure boiler (model EQU-100, FHS-2016S, manufactured by Zao Sangyo Co., Ltd.), using the hose, injector, etc. shown in FIG. Injection was performed at a maximum ejection amount of 1.7 l / min.

  First, it was not necessary to disperse the anti-scattering inhibitor as in the comparative example by wetting with steam, so that the cost of the inhibitor was unnecessary and the operation was not necessary.

  There was almost no scattering of asbestos into the air in the building, and even if there was scattering, it combined with steam, increased in specific gravity, and naturally dropped. Moreover, since the peeling and removal were performed smoothly because of the vapor jet goods, polishing by chemical scouring after the removal was absolutely unnecessary.

Comparative Example 1

  The removal method using a conventional keren rod was performed as follows.

That is, a dust scattering inhibitor (free best lubricant, manufactured by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.) was sprayed at a rate of 5 kgm ² using a spray (model 60L, C set, maximum output 6.0 / min). Then, the asbestos-containing layer was peeled and removed manually using a keren rod, and the surface of the asbestos remaining after peeling was polished using chemical scrubbing. At this time, asbestos was scattered considerably, and an appropriate and appropriate amount of free vest lubricant (manufactured by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.) was distributed. Finally, a solidifying agent (free vest penetrant (manufactured by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.) was spread on the peeled surface after removal.

  It is as follows if the difference between the said Example 1 and the comparative example 1 is shown collectively.

Item Comparative Example Example 1. Spray of dust scattering prevention agent just before construction 5kg / m ² required
Cost 12000 / m ²
2. Asbestos removal Manual steam injection
The above inhibitor is not required. Polishing (after peeling) Almost no scattering 4. Solidification Dispersion on the surface after removing the solidifying agent Necessary Necessary

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the outline of the principle of the method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an example of a construction method used in the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

1: Water (liquid)
2: Steam state 3: Steam injection state 4: Range indicating steam peeling force 5: State of heat dissipation 6: State when returned to original water 10: Compression steam generator 11: Heat-resistant hose 12 : Injector 13: Grip 14: Ejection lever 15: Screw-in type movable clip 16: Spatula 17: Drug ejection hole 18: Drug 19: Compressed steam ejection hole 20: Compressed steam 21: Removal asbestos layer 22: Wall surface

Claims (5)

  A method for removing adhering harmful substances, characterized by injecting vapor (gaseous water) onto the adhering surface to which the harmful substances have adhered.   The removal method according to claim 1, wherein a slight gap is formed between the harmful substance adhering surface and the adhering harmful substance when the steam is jetted.   The removal method according to claim 2, wherein the gap is created using a gap forming tool such as a spatula.   The removal method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vapor injection conditions are a temperature of 100 ° C or higher and a pressure of 0.1 Mpa or higher. The removal method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the harmful substance is a harmful substance containing asbestos, dioxin, heavy metal or the like, or a building material that is no longer necessary, such as flooring or tiles.