JP2008276384A - Land form disaster retrieval system, land form disaster retrieval method and land form disaster retrieval program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a land form disaster retrieval system, a land form disaster retrieval method and a land form disaster retrieval program, capable of evaluating properties and the kinds of various disasters likely to occur in each of arbitrary spots. <P>SOLUTION: This land form disaster retrieval method has: an investigation procedure for making a storage means store a disaster environment element that is data showing the natural environment about each of the plurality of spots; an EA table creation procedure for creating an EA table showing relation between disaster agents that are data showing a specified phenomenon as a phenomenon having ability generating the natural disaster among natural phenomena and the disaster environment element; an EAD table creation procedure for creating an EAD table showing relation between disaster modes that are data showing a state classified into a plurality of kinds, that is a state of movement of natural matter leading to the natural disaster, and the disaster agents; and a DS table creation procedure for creating a DS table showing relation between retrieval structures that are data associated to the spot set as a retrieval target in the plurality of spots and the disaster modes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a terrain disaster search system, a terrain disaster search method, and a terrain disaster search program suitable for searching for the types and characteristics of disasters that can occur at each point.

  For example, when constructing and maintaining a structure at an arbitrary point in Japan, it is important for disaster prevention to evaluate the probability of occurrence of a natural disaster at that point and to understand the types and characteristics of possible disasters. . In order to grasp the type and nature of such a possible disaster, there is a method in which a construction engineer judges empirically by looking at various materials such as a topographic map (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).

  Conventionally, a risk evaluation method for evaluating the possibility of one specific disaster occurring at a predetermined point is considered for various disasters. For example, the conventional risk evaluation method for rockfall disasters is in the form of a scoring table, and the risk of each slope is represented by a score. Specifically, each of the shaved rockfall and the rockfall factors is classified into a plurality of items, and a designated evaluation point is assigned according to each situation. The risk level of each slope is the total score of the evaluation points for each rockfall factor.

In addition, there is a slope evaluation method based on marginal rainfall as one of the risk assessment methods for landslides due to rainfall on the slope. This method investigates conditions such as soil quality and intrusion strength of arbitrary slopes along the railway, and assigns each specified evaluation point. The critical rainfall of the slope is the limit rainfall curve of the product of hourly rainfall and continuous rainfall. It is a technique expressed in shape. The hourly rainfall is the rainfall during the past hour, and the continuous rainfall is the total rainfall from the no-rain period of 12 hours or more to the current time.
Ryusuke Suzuki, “Introduction to Topographic Maps for Construction Engineers (4 volumes)”, Kokon Shoin, November 1997, April 1998, May 2000, April 2004

  However, the conventional risk assessment method targets a specific disaster such as a landslide or rock fall, and evaluates a single disaster using a single method. It was not possible to evaluate all types of natural disasters with one system.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and a terrain disaster search system, a terrain disaster search method, and a terrain disaster search program capable of evaluating the types and characteristics of various disasters that can occur at each arbitrary point. Is intended to provide.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and the invention according to claim 1 is a terrain disaster search method used for searching for types and characteristics of disasters that can occur at each of a plurality of points. In addition, the investigation procedure for storing the disaster environment element, which is data indicating the natural environment at each of the plurality of points, in the storage means, and the natural phenomenon identified as the phenomenon having the ability to generate the natural disaster are shown. EA table creation procedure for creating an EA table that shows the relationship between the disaster management force and the disaster environment elements, and data indicating the movement of natural substances that lead to natural disasters and classified into multiple types An EAD table creation procedure for creating an EAD table indicating the relationship between the disaster style and the disaster management power, and a data associated with the points to be searched among the plurality of points. Characterized in that it has a DS table creation steps to create a DS table that shows data in a search facility and the relationship between the disaster style.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, by using the EA table, the EAD table, and the DS table, a natural disaster at a specified point in the plurality of points is used. It further has an evaluation score calculation procedure for calculating an evaluation score that is a numerical value indicating the degree of risk.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 2, wherein the investigation procedure, the EA table creation procedure, the EAD table creation procedure, the DS table creation procedure, and the evaluation point calculation procedure are the storage means. It is executed by a computer that can access

  The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plurality of points are arbitrary points in Japan, and the disaster environment element is a plurality based on the type of disaster. The disaster mode is data indicating a mode of movement of a natural substance directly linked to a natural disaster, and the search facility is any one of a specific land, a structure, and a space. To do.

  The invention according to claim 5 is specified as a phenomenon having a capability of generating a natural disaster among a natural means and a storage means for storing a disaster environment element which is data indicating a natural environment for each of a plurality of points. EA table creation means for creating an EA table that shows the relationship between the disaster management force, which is data representing the disaster, and the disaster environment elements, and the mode of movement of natural substances that lead to natural disasters. An EAD table creation means for creating an EAD table that indicates a relationship between a disaster mode that is data indicating a disaster and the disaster management force, a search facility that is data associated with a point to be searched at the plurality of points, and A terrain disaster search system characterized by comprising a DS table creation means for creating a DS table showing a relationship with a disaster style.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 5, wherein the EA table, the EAD table, and the DS table are used to detect natural disasters at designated points in the plurality of points. It further has an evaluation score calculation means for calculating and displaying an evaluation score, which is a numerical value indicating the degree of risk.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 6, wherein the investigation means, the EA table creation means, the EAD table creation means, the DS table creation means, and the evaluation point calculation means are accessible to the storage means. The computer is configured to be connected to a communication network.

  Further, the invention described in claim 8 is an investigation step for causing a computer to store a disaster environment element, which is data indicating a natural environment at each of a plurality of points, in a storage means, and an ability to generate a natural disaster among natural phenomena. An EA table creation step of creating an EA table that shows the relationship between the disaster management force and the disaster environment element, which is data indicating what has been identified as a phenomenon having a phenomenon, and a mode of movement of natural substances that lead to a natural disaster, An EAD table creation step for creating an EAD table that indicates the relationship between the disaster mode and the disaster management power, which is data indicating a plurality of types of data, and data associated with the search target points in the plurality of points A terrain disaster search program for executing a DS table creation step for creating a DS table showing a relationship between the search facility and the disaster mode

  The invention according to claim 9 is the invention according to claim 8, wherein the EA table, the EAD table, and the DS table are used to detect a natural disaster at a specified point in the plurality of points. The method further includes an evaluation point calculation step of calculating an evaluation point that is a numerical value indicating the degree of risk.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to easily and quickly evaluate whether or not a disaster can occur at a certain point with respect to a plurality of types of disasters instead of a single type of disaster, and the nature of the disaster that can occur.

  In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to evaluate disasters and properties that can occur, for example, at any point in Japan, simply, quickly, and at a lower cost, using publicly available topographic maps and other materials. it can.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a terrain disaster search system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The topographic disaster search system of the present embodiment is realized by the CPU 11 executing the topographic disaster search program stored in the storage unit 12 on the computer having the configuration shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 1, a CPU 11 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that controls each part of the terrain disaster search system and executes various programs stored in the storage unit 12. The storage unit 12 is a hard disk that stores programs executed by the CPU 11. The operation unit 13 is used to input an operation by an analyst, and is, for example, a pointing device such as a keyboard or a mouse. The display unit 14 is a display that displays information to be shown to the analyst based on an instruction from the CPU 11.

  In addition to the terrain disaster search program executed by the CPU 11, the storage unit 12 stores, for example, disaster environment elements that are data indicating the natural environment for each region or each point when divided into a plurality of regions in Japan.

  This terrain disaster search system uses, for example, the type of terrain disaster that may occur in any facility (land, structure, etc.) existing at any point in Japan, as well as the disaster type and extent of the facility, (E: disaster environment), disaster management (A: disaster agents), disaster mode (D: Disaster modes) and search facilities (S: Structures) based on a combination of qualitative, systematic, objective and comprehensive The potential risk of the facility is given by, for example, an evaluation score of 10 grades.

Next, terms used in the description of the present embodiment will be described.
1) A natural disaster is a disaster caused by a natural phenomenon. This terrain disaster search system only searches for natural disasters, not man-made disasters (so-called man-made disasters).

  2) Topographic disaster is a natural disaster that involves a change in topography. Most of the remarkable natural disasters that involve damage to human life, life, production, traffic activities and related facilities are terrain disasters with some terrain change (eg slope failure, erosion, sedimentation). Major natural disasters other than topographical disasters are relatively minor meteorological disasters (eg, high temperature, low temperature, windfall, heavy rain, snow cover, lightning strikes, heavy fog, salt fly).

  3) Disaster management (A) is a general term for natural phenomena having the ability to generate natural disasters. For example, heavy rains, tsunamis, river floods, falling rocks, landslides, landslides, debris flows, ground liquefaction, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes are disaster management forces. However, not all natural phenomena become disaster management forces. For example, light winds, light rains, slight earthquakes, river flows during normal times, waves, etc. do not become disaster management forces. In this landform disaster search system, disaster management power is classified into 90 types (A1 to A90), for example, and stored in the storage unit 12.

  4) The disaster environment (E) is a natural environment that restricts the occurrence of individual disaster management at any point. For example, climate, coast, river, topography, geology, groundwater, vegetation, etc. are disaster environments. In this terrain disaster search system, for example, the disaster environment is decomposed into 139 types of elements, and the characteristics of each element are determined by a total of 868 types of characteristics and stored in the storage unit 12 as disaster environment elements.

  5) The disaster mode (D) is a “mode of mass transfer unfavorable for human activities” that is directly linked to natural disasters, and controls the aspect of damage to facilities. In this terrain disaster search system, for example, the disaster modes are roughly divided into four groups of spatial blockage disasters, covering disasters, destruction disasters and degradation disasters, and these are classified into a total of 20 types and stored in the storage unit 12. .

  6) The search facility (S) is a general term for the affected land, structures, spaces, and the like, and is a search target of the terrain disaster search system. For example, farmland, railways, roads, cut slopes, bank slopes, landfills, bridges, tunnels, houses, utility poles, pipelines, ports, runways, etc. are search facilities. In the terrain disaster search system, for example, search facilities are classified into 135 types and stored in the storage unit 12.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the terrain disaster search system. In addition, this flowchart shows processing when the CPU 11 executes the terrain disaster search program stored in the storage unit 12. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the EA table, the EAD table, and the DS table used in the terrain disaster search system.

  First, a disaster environment element at an arbitrary point is investigated, and the CPU 11 stores the investigation result in the storage unit 12 (step S1).

  For example, the characteristics of the target point are investigated for each disaster environment element from the topographic map and the characteristic classification is selected. This investigation may be executed by the CPU 11 by inputting data such as a topographic map using an input means such as the operation unit 13 or a scanner, or may be executed manually.

  A plurality of types of natural disasters occur at an arbitrary point, but the types, frequency, and vectors of disaster management (A) that can occur depending on the disaster environment (E) are different. The disaster environment elements are classified into 139 types, and the characteristics of each element (for example, characteristics classified into 868 types) are investigated and stored in the storage unit 12.

  In step S1, for example, all disaster management (A) that can occur in Japan are classified into 90 types, disaster styles (D) are classified into 20 types, and disaster facilities are classified into 135 types, and the CPU 11 stores them. Store in the unit 12.

  Next, an EA table indicating the relationship between the disaster environment (E) and the disaster management force (A) is created, and the CPU 11 stores the EA table in the storage unit 12 (step S2).

  This EA table shows, for example, the possibility of occurrence of individual disaster management in a disaster environment having individual characteristics for each combination of each element of the disaster environment (E) and each type of disaster management (A). Presence / absence / high / low of four points are indicated by evaluation points (for example, 0, 1, 2, 3). The CPU 11 can display the EA table on the display unit 14.

  Next, an EAD table showing the relationship between the disaster management force (A) and the disaster mode (D) is created, and the CPU 11 stores the EAD table in the storage unit 12 (step S3).

  The EAD table shows, for example, the strength of the relationship between 90 types of disaster management and 20 types of disaster styles in 4 grades, and the risk of each disaster style in 5 grades from 1 to 5. It is shown. Multiplying the strength of this relationship by the risk level is called a predisposing disaster risk level, which represents the risk level of each disaster mode caused by individual disaster management. Note that the CPU 11 can display the EDA table on the display unit 14.

  Next, a DS table indicating the relationship between the search facility (S) and the disaster mode (D) is created, and the CPU 11 stores the DS table in the storage unit 12 (step S4).

  The DS table shows, for example, the degree of damage when an individual structure is subjected to each damage style for a combination of 135 kinds of structures and 20 kinds of damage styles, with a five-point evaluation score. . Note that the CPU 11 can display the DS table on the display unit 14.

  Next, the CPU 11 calculates the risk of various natural disasters at an arbitrary point by the evaluation point method, and stores the calculation result in the storage unit 12 (step S5).

  That is, the CPU 11 uses the EA table, the EAD table, and the DS table to calculate an evaluation score that is a numerical value indicating the risk of natural disaster at an arbitrary point. For example, the CPU 11 determines the disaster power (A) from the disaster environment (E), specifies the disaster style (D) brought about by the disaster power, and what kind of search facility (S) is based on the disaster style. The evaluation score indicates how much disaster is possible.

  In other words, the CPU 11 determines that “the relationship between all disaster management (A) that can occur at any point in Japan and the disaster environment (E) at that point”, “disaster management (A) and their disaster management. Quantitatively, "Relationship between all disaster modes (D) that can generate force" and "Relationship between structures (search facilities (S)) and damage modes (disaster modes (D)) that can damage the structures" Evaluate and combine them to assess the type and nature of all disasters that can occur at any point in Japan.

Next, an example of a specific evaluation method by the topographic disaster search system of this embodiment will be described.
(1) The CPU 11 investigates the characteristics of the target point for each individual disaster environment element from the topographic map or the like, and selects the characteristic classification.
(2) The CPU 11 uses the EA table to extract evaluation points corresponding to the selected characteristic category, and searches for possible disaster management.
(3) The CPU 11 calculates the predisposing disaster risk of each disaster style from the disaster management force searched in (2).
(4) The CPU 11 multiplies the prevailing disaster risk by the damage degree of the structure according to the damage mode calculated using the DS table.
(5) The overall risk of each structure at an arbitrary point can be obtained.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a comparison between the terrain disaster search system and a conventional disaster prediction method.
In FIG. 4, particular attention should be paid to “area to be predicted”, “prediction method and expense”, “time required for prediction work”, and “utilization method of prediction result” in the comparison items.

  In the “area to be predicted”, the terrain disaster search system can be applied to, for example, any point in the whole country of Japan, whereas in the conventional method, the area must be specified in advance.

  In the “prediction method and expense”, the present terrain disaster search system is used by storing the data of the existing data in the storage unit 12, so that it is less expensive than the conventional method in which each researcher individually performs a field survey or the like.

  In the “time required for the prediction work”, the terrain disaster search system uses the CPU 11 and the storage unit 12, and thus is much faster than the conventional method in which almost all processing is performed manually.

  In the “Utilization of Prediction Results”, this terrain disaster search system can search the prediction results at high speed for any point in Japan, so it is easier and quicker to select the points to be focused on more precisely than the conventional method. can do.

[Reliability of this terrain disaster search system]
Possible causes of errors in the search results of this terrain disaster search system are 1) incompleteness of the system, 2) lack of materials in the disaster environment, and 3) lack of ability of searchers.

  1) Regarding the incompleteness of the system, disaster environment (E)-disaster management (A) relationship (EA table), disaster management (A)-disaster factor (H) relationship, disaster management (A)- There may be errors in the evaluation points of all combinations in the disaster mode (D) relationship (EAD table) and the disaster mode (D) -search facility (S) relationship (DS table). This is because there are currently few research results on these relationships. However, in this terrain disaster search system, even if the evaluation score of each combination is given by mistake of 1-2 points, a large number of combinations are searched and the total of those evaluation points is classified into classes. If the law holds, there will be no significant error in the final search result.

  2) The lack of disaster environment data is due to insufficient data required for the classification of disaster environment elements (139 types). For example, there are few high-precision materials (eg, geological maps) covering the whole country. However, in recent years, various materials are easily available on the Internet, so this system can be used even without a huge amount of materials at the university's extensive laboratory level.

  3) Regarding the lack of ability of the searcher, the searcher may be unable to discriminate or misidentify the characteristics of the disaster environment element due to lack of basic knowledge about the disaster environment (especially topography). In order to use this system, a certain level of basic knowledge (a little higher than high school “geology” and “geography”) is required. Basic knowledge about topography is particularly important, but for the acquisition, Ryusuke Suzuki (1997-2004) “Introduction to Topographic Map Reading for Construction Engineers”, Volume 4, Kokon Shoin, is useful.

  The present invention is suitable for predicting the occurrence of various natural disasters in the structure when the structure is constructed or maintained.

It is a block diagram of the topographic disaster search system concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the topographical disaster search system of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between EA table | surface, EAD table | surface, and DS table | surface. It is a figure which shows the comparative example of this terrain disaster search system and the conventional disaster prediction method.

Explanation of symbols

11 CPU
12 storage unit 13 operation unit 14 display unit

Claims (9)

A terrain disaster search method used for searching for types and characteristics of disasters that can occur at each of a plurality of points,
An investigation procedure for storing a disaster environment element, which is data indicating a natural environment for each of the plurality of points, in a storage unit;
An EA table creation procedure for creating an EA table indicating the relationship between the disaster management element and the disaster environment element, which is data indicating what is identified as a phenomenon having the ability to cause a natural disaster among natural phenomena;
An EAD table creation procedure for creating an EAD table indicating the relationship between the disaster mode and the disaster mode, which is data indicating the movement of natural substances leading to a natural disaster and classified into a plurality of types;
A terrain disaster search method, comprising: a DS table creation procedure for creating a DS table showing a relationship between a search facility which is data associated with a search target point in the plurality of points and the disaster mode.   An evaluation score calculation procedure for calculating an evaluation score, which is a numerical value indicating the risk of natural disaster at a specified point among the plurality of points, using the EA table, the EAD table, and the DS table; The terrain disaster search method according to claim 1, further comprising:   3. The survey procedure, the EA table creation procedure, the EAD table creation procedure, the DS table creation procedure, and the evaluation score calculation procedure are executed by a computer that can access the storage means. The terrain disaster search method described. The plurality of points are arbitrary points in Japan,
The disaster environment elements are classified into a plurality based on the type of disaster,
The disaster mode is data indicating a mode of movement of a natural substance directly connected to a natural disaster,
The terrain disaster search method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the search facility is any one of a specific land, a structure, and a space. Storage means for storing a disaster environment element that is data indicating a natural environment for each of a plurality of points;
An EA table creating means for creating an EA table showing the relationship between the disaster management power and the disaster environment element, which is data indicating what is specified as a phenomenon having the ability to generate a natural disaster among natural phenomena;
An EAD table creation means for creating an EAD table indicating a relationship between a disaster mode and the disaster management force, which is data indicating a movement mode of a natural substance leading to a natural disaster and classified into a plurality of types;
A terrain disaster search system comprising: a DS table creation means for creating a DS table indicating a relationship between a search facility which is data associated with a search target point in the plurality of points and the disaster mode.   Using the EA table, the EAD table, and the DS table, an evaluation point calculation that calculates and displays an evaluation point that is a numerical value indicating the risk of natural disaster at a specified point among the plurality of points. The terrain disaster search system according to claim 5, further comprising means. The investigation means, the EA table creation means, the EAD table creation means, the DS table creation means, and the evaluation point calculation means are configured by a computer that can access the storage means,
The terrain disaster search system according to claim 6, wherein the computer is connected to a communication network. On the computer,
An investigation step for storing a disaster environment element that is data indicating a natural environment for each of a plurality of points in a storage means;
An EA table creation step of creating an EA table showing the relationship between the disaster management force and the disaster environment element, which is data indicating what is identified as a phenomenon having the ability to generate a natural disaster among natural phenomena;
An EAD table creation step for creating an EAD table indicating a relationship between a disaster mode and a disaster management force, which is data indicating a movement of a natural substance leading to a natural disaster and classified into a plurality of types;
A terrain disaster search program for executing a DS table creation step of creating a DS table indicating a relationship between a search facility which is data associated with a point to be searched at the plurality of points and the disaster mode.   An evaluation score calculating step of calculating an evaluation score that is a numerical value indicating the risk of a natural disaster at a specified point among the plurality of points using the EA table, the EAD table, and the DS table; The terrain disaster search program according to claim 8, comprising:

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