JP2008275275A - Refrigeration system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a friction coefficient of a component in a compressor incorporated into a refrigeration system. <P>SOLUTION: This refrigeration system 1 has a refrigerant circuit 2, a refrigerant, lubricating oil and a friction coefficient reducing agent. The refrigerant circuit is connected with a compressor 11, a using-side heat exchanger 31, a heat-source side heat exchanger 13 and an expansion mechanism 15. The refrigerant is filled in the refrigerant circuit. The lubricating oil is mainly filled in the compressor. The friction coefficient reducing agent uses an amine phosphate as an effective component, and is mixed in the lubricating oil. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus, and more particularly to a refrigeration apparatus that mainly reduces the friction coefficient of components of a compressor.

Generally, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, alkyl phosphorothionate, and the like are added to the lubricating oil incorporated into the refrigeration apparatus (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3). . These compounds react with the iron on the surface of the components of the compressor to form a film of iron phosphate, iron phosphide, iron sulfide or the like, thereby preventing the components from being worn.
JP 2001-255030 A JP-A-9-302373 JP 07-506869 A

  However, such a coating has a higher hardness than iron and increases the coefficient of friction of the sliding surface, which may lead to a reduction in the efficiency of the compressor.

  The subject of this invention is reducing the friction coefficient of a component in the compressor integrated in a freezing apparatus.

  The refrigeration apparatus according to the first invention includes a refrigerant circuit, a refrigerant, a lubricating oil, and a low friction coefficient agent. In the refrigerant circuit, a compressor, a use side heat exchanger, a heat source side heat exchanger, and an expansion mechanism are connected. The refrigerant is filled in the refrigerant circuit. Lubricating oil is mainly filled in the compressor. The low friction coefficient agent contains amine phosphate as an active ingredient and is mixed in the lubricating oil.

  The inventors of the present application diligently studied and accumulated experimental results. As a result, it was found that the friction coefficient of the components in the compressor can be reduced by adding amine phosphate to the lubricating oil of the compressor. For this reason, in this refrigeration apparatus, the friction coefficient of the components of the compressor can be reduced.

The refrigeration apparatus according to the second invention is the refrigeration apparatus according to the first invention, and the amine phosphate is IRGALUBE349 (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) (registered trademark).

  The inventor of the present application diligently studied and accumulated experimental results, and if this IRGALUBE349 (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) (registered trademark) is added as an amine phosphate, the effect of reducing the friction coefficient of the component parts in the compressor is great It became clear. For this reason, in this refrigeration apparatus, the friction coefficient of the components of the compressor can be greatly reduced.

  A refrigeration apparatus according to a third aspect of the present invention is the refrigeration apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the amine phosphate is mixed in the lubricating oil so that the amount of the amine phosphate is 1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less with respect to the total amount. Added.

  The inventor of the present application diligently studied and accumulated experimental results. When the addition amount of amine phosphate was less than 1 wt%, a sufficiently low friction coefficient could not be realized, and the addition amount of amine phosphate was 5 wt%. On the contrary, the friction coefficient tended to increase. For this reason, in this refrigeration apparatus, the friction coefficient of the components of the compressor can be greatly reduced, and the friction coefficient can be kept within an appropriate range.

  In the refrigeration apparatus according to the first invention, the coefficient of friction of the components of the compressor can be reduced.

  In the refrigeration apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention, the coefficient of friction of the components of the compressor can be greatly reduced.

  In the refrigeration apparatus according to the third invention, the friction coefficient of the components of the compressor can be greatly reduced, and the friction coefficient can be kept in an appropriate range.

<Configuration of air conditioner>
A schematic refrigerant circuit 2 of an air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.

  This air conditioner 1 is an air conditioner capable of cooling operation and heating operation, and mainly includes a refrigerant circuit 2 and blower fans 26 and 32. The refrigerant circuit 2 is filled with at least one refrigerant selected from the group consisting of a fluorocarbon refrigerant, a hydrocarbon refrigerant, and carbon dioxide.

  The refrigerant circuit 2 is mainly provided with a compressor 11, a four-way switching valve 12, an outdoor heat exchanger 13, an electric expansion valve 15, and an indoor heat exchanger 31, and each device is as shown in FIG. Are connected via a refrigerant pipe.

  And in this Embodiment, the air conditioning apparatus 1 is a separation-type air conditioning apparatus, Comprising: The indoor unit 30 which mainly has the indoor heat exchanger 31 and the indoor fan 32, the compressor 11, and a four-way switching valve 12, a first communication pipe 41 for connecting the outdoor unit 10 mainly including the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and the electric expansion valve 15, a pipe for the refrigerant liquid of the indoor unit 30, and a pipe for the refrigerant liquid of the outdoor unit 10, It can also be said that the unit 30 includes a refrigerant gas pipe of the unit 30 and a second communication pipe 42 that connects the refrigerant gas pipe of the outdoor unit 10. The refrigerant liquid piping of the outdoor unit 10 and the first communication pipe 41 are connected via the first shut-off valve 18 of the outdoor unit 10, and the refrigerant gas piping and the second communication pipe 42 of the outdoor unit 10 are connected to the outdoor unit 10. The second closing valves 19 are connected to each other.

(1) Indoor unit The indoor unit 30 mainly includes an indoor heat exchanger 31 and an indoor fan 32.

  The indoor heat exchanger 31 is a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between indoor air, which is air in an air-conditioned room, and a refrigerant.

  The indoor fan 32 is a fan for taking in the air in the air-conditioned room into the unit 30 and sending out conditioned air, which is air after heat exchange with the refrigerant via the indoor heat exchanger 31, to the air-conditioned room again.

  By adopting such a configuration, the indoor unit 30 exchanges heat between the indoor air taken in by the indoor fan 32 and the liquid refrigerant flowing through the indoor heat exchanger 31 during the cooling operation, thereby conditioned air ( It is possible to generate conditioned air (warm air) by exchanging heat between the indoor air taken in by the indoor fan 32 and the gas refrigerant or supercritical refrigerant flowing through the indoor heat exchanger 31 during heating operation. It has become.

(2) Outdoor unit The outdoor unit 10 mainly includes a compressor 11, a four-way switching valve 12, an outdoor heat exchanger 13, an electric expansion valve 15, an outdoor fan 26, and the like.

  The compressor 11 is a device for sucking low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing through the suction pipe, compressing it into a supercritical state, and then discharging it to the discharge pipe. The compressor 11 includes polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyvinyl ether (PVE), polyalphaolefin (PAO), poly (oxyethylene) alkyl ether (POE), naphthene oil, paraffin oil, carbonate oil, and At least one lubricating oil selected from the group consisting of alkylbenzene oils is injected. In addition, an amine phosphate compound is added to the lubricating oil as a low friction coefficient agent. The amine phosphate compound is preferably added to the lubricating oil so as to be 1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less with respect to the total amount when mixed in the lubricating oil. In addition, an antioxidant, an acid scavenger, an antifoaming agent, a copper deactivator, and the like are added to the lubricating oil. It should be noted that tricresyl phosphate or the like may be added to the lubricating oil as an abrasion resistance improver. This is because even in such a case, the effectiveness of the amine phosphate compound as a low friction coefficient agent does not decrease.

  When the refrigerant is carbon dioxide, polyalkylene glycol (PAG) is preferably used as the lubricating oil, and when the refrigerant is a fluorocarbon refrigerant, polyvinyl ether (PVE) is preferably used as the lubricating oil. preferable.

  The four-way switching valve 12 is a valve for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant corresponding to each operation, and connects the discharge side of the compressor 11 and the gas side or the high temperature side of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 during the cooling operation. In addition, the suction side of the compressor 11 and the gas side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 are connected, and the discharge side of the compressor 11 and the gas side or the high temperature side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 are connected during heating operation. 11 and the gas side of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 can be connected.

  The outdoor heat exchanger 13 can cool the high-pressure gas refrigerant or supercritical refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 during the cooling operation using air outside the air conditioning room as a heat source, and the indoor heat exchanger 31 during the heating operation. It is possible to evaporate the liquid refrigerant returning from.

  The electric expansion valve 15 receives liquid refrigerant or supercritical refrigerant (during cooling operation) flowing out from the liquid side or low temperature side of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 or liquid refrigerant or supercritical refrigerant (during heating operation) of the indoor heat exchanger 31. It is for decompressing.

  The outdoor fan 26 is a fan for taking in outdoor air into the unit 10 and exhausting the air after exchanging heat with the refrigerant via the outdoor heat exchanger 13.

<Operation of air conditioner>
The operation of the air conditioner 1 will be described with reference to FIG. As described above, the air conditioner 1 can perform a cooling operation and a heating operation.

(1) Cooling operation During cooling operation, the four-way switching valve 12 is in the state indicated by the solid line in FIG. The suction side of the compressor 11 is connected to the gas side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 via the second closing valve 19. At this time, the first closing valve 18 and the second closing valve 19 are opened.

  When the compressor 11 is started in the state of the refrigerant circuit 2, the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 11 and compressed to become a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant or a supercritical state, and then the four-way switching valve 12. Is sent to the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and cooled in the outdoor heat exchanger 13 to become a liquid refrigerant or a low-temperature supercritical refrigerant.

  Then, the liquid refrigerant or the cooled supercritical refrigerant is sent to the electric expansion valve 15. Then, the liquid refrigerant or supercritical refrigerant sent to the electric expansion valve 15 is reduced in pressure to become a low-temperature liquid refrigerant, and then supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 31 via the first closing valve 18, It cools and evaporates to become a gas refrigerant.

  Then, the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 11 again via the second closing valve 19 and the four-way switching valve 12. In this way, the cooling operation is performed.

(2) Heating operation During the heating operation, the four-way switching valve 12 is in the state indicated by the broken line in FIG. 1, that is, the discharge side of the compressor 11 passes through the second shut-off valve 19 to It is connected to the high temperature side, and the suction side of the compressor 11 is connected to the gas side of the outdoor heat exchanger 13. At this time, the first closing valve 18 and the second closing valve 19 are opened.

  When the compressor 11 is started in the state of the refrigerant circuit 2, the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 11 and compressed to become a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant or a supercritical state, and then the four-way switching valve 12. And it is supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 31 via the second closing valve 19.

  The gas refrigerant or supercritical refrigerant heats indoor air in the indoor heat exchanger 31 and is cooled to become a liquid refrigerant or a low-temperature supercritical refrigerant. Then, the liquid refrigerant or the low-temperature supercritical refrigerant is sent to the first electric expansion valve 15 through the first closing valve 18. The liquid refrigerant or low-temperature supercritical refrigerant sent to the first electric expansion valve 15 is reduced in pressure to become a low-temperature liquid refrigerant, then sent to the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and evaporated in the outdoor heat exchanger 13. It becomes a gas refrigerant. Then, this gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 11 again via the four-way switching valve 12. In this way, the heating operation is performed.

<Low friction coefficient of sliding parts of compressor>
Hereinafter, the effect of the low friction coefficient agent will be verified while showing Examples and Comparative Examples.

  The coefficient of friction was measured by partially changing the “FALEX Block on Ring test” shown in ASTM D2714-94 (1998). The measurement conditions are as follows.

-Measurement conditions-
(1) Block material: Carburized and quenched steel (2) Ring material: Tool steel (3) Load: 177.4N
(4) Rotation speed: 10rpm
(5) Sliding speed (circumferential speed): 18 mm / s
(6) Oil temperature: Room temperature (20 degrees C)
(7) Break-in operation: 90 minutes at 200 rpm
(8) Sample: polyvinyl ether oil to which amine phosphate of formula (1) is added (weight ratio of polyvinyl ether oil / amine phosphate is 99: 1)

（アミン，Ｃ１１−１４ 側鎖アルキル，モノヘキシル及びジヘキシルフォスフェート）
（９）サンプル量 ：１２０ｍＬ
測定結果は表１の通りである。

(Amine, C11-14 side chain alkyl, monohexyl and dihexyl phosphate)
(9) Sample volume: 120 mL
The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

  In addition, the wear scar diameter was measured for the same sample as described above according to “Lubricating oil wear resistance test method (shell four-ball type)” shown in JPI-5S-32-90. The measurement conditions are as follows.

-Measurement conditions-
(1) Rotation speed: 1500rpm
(2) Test time: 30 minutes (3) Load: 294N
(4) Oil temperature: Room temperature (20 degrees C)
The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

  The sample was replaced with a polyalkylene glycol oil to which the amine phosphate of the formula (1) was added (the weight ratio of polyalkylene glycol oil / amine phosphate was 99: 1). The friction coefficient and wear scar diameter were measured.

  The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

  Friction coefficient and wear in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sample was replaced with mineral oil to which the amine phosphate of formula (1) was added (mineral oil / amine phosphate weight ratio is 99: 1). The measurement of the scar diameter was performed.

  The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 1)
Measurement of friction coefficient and wear scar diameter in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sample was replaced with mineral oil to which tricresyl phosphate was added (mineral oil / tricresyl phosphate weight ratio was 99: 1). Went.

  The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 2)
Friction coefficient and wear scar diameter were the same as in Example 1 except that the sample was replaced with mineral oil to which alkylphosphorothionate was added (mineral oil / alkylphosphorothionate weight ratio is 99: 1). Was measured.

  The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 3)
Measurement of friction coefficient and wear scar diameter in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sample was changed to mineral oil to which triphenyl phosphate was added (mineral oil / triphenyl phosphate weight ratio is 99: 1). Went.

  The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 4)
The friction coefficient and the wear scar diameter were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sample was replaced with mineral oil to which zinc dithiophosphate was added (mineral oil / zinc dithiophosphate weight ratio is 99: 1). It was.

  The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

表１より、アミンフォスフェートを潤滑油に添加すると、潤滑油の種類によらずに耐摩耗性を十分低く抑えたまま摩擦係数を低減することができることがわかる。

From Table 1, it can be seen that when the amine phosphate is added to the lubricating oil, the friction coefficient can be reduced while keeping the wear resistance sufficiently low regardless of the type of the lubricating oil.

  The coefficient of friction was measured by partially changing the “FALEX Block on Ring test” shown in ASTM D2714-94 (1998). The measurement conditions are as follows.

-Measurement conditions-
(1) Block material: Carburized and hardened steel (2) Ring material: Tool steel (3) Load: 177.4N
(4) Rotation speed: 10rpm
(5) Sliding speed (circumferential speed): 18 mm / s
(6) Oil temperature: Room temperature (20 degrees C)
(7) Break-in operation: 90 minutes at 200 rpm
(8) Sample: Paraffinic mineral oil (VG32) to which the amine phosphate of formula (1) shown in Example 1 was added (the weight ratio of paraffinic mineral oil / amine phosphate is 100: 0, 99.8) : 0.2, 99.0: 1.0, 97.0: 3.0 and 95.0: 5.0)
(9) Sample volume: 120 mL
The measurement results are shown in Table 2. In addition, in FIG. 2, what plotted the measurement result of Table 2 (graph which plotted the friction coefficient with respect to the addition amount of an amine phosphate) was shown.

表１及び図２により、Ｉｒｇａｌｕｂｅ３４９は添加量が１ｗｔ％以上で低摩擦係数化剤として有効に機能することが明らかになった。また、Ｉｒｇａｌｕｂｅ３４９は１ｗｔ％以上添加してもそれ以上の低摩擦係数化効果を得れないことが明らかとなった。また、Ｉｒｇａｌｕｂｅ３４９は５ｗｔ％以上添加すると摩擦係数が上昇する傾向にあることも判明した。この結果より、Ｉｒｇａｌｕｂｅ３４９の添加量は１ｗｔ％以上５ｗｔ％以下とするのがコスト効率面から好ましいことが判明した。

From Table 1 and FIG. 2, it became clear that Irgalube 349 functions effectively as a low friction coefficient agent when the addition amount is 1 wt% or more. Further, it has been clarified that even if Irgalube 349 is added in an amount of 1 wt% or more, the effect of lowering the friction coefficient cannot be obtained. It was also found that the friction coefficient tends to increase when Irgalube 349 is added in an amount of 5 wt% or more. From this result, it was found that the amount of Irgalube 349 added is preferably 1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less from the viewpoint of cost efficiency.

<Characteristics of air conditioner>
In the air conditioner 1 according to the present embodiment, a lubricating oil to which amine phosphate as a low friction coefficient agent is added is used as a lubricating oil for the compressor 11. The inventor of the present application diligently studied and accumulated experimental results, and as a lubricating oil for a compressor, if a lubricating oil to which amine phosphate as a low friction coefficient agent was used was used, the friction of components in the compressor It became clear that the coefficient could be reduced. For this reason, in this air conditioning apparatus 1, the friction coefficient of the components of the compressor 11 can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the amine phosphate is added to the lubricating oil so as to be 1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less with respect to the total amount when mixed in the lubricating oil. The inventor of the present application diligently studied and accumulated experimental results. When the addition amount of amine phosphate was less than 1 wt%, a sufficiently low friction coefficient could not be realized, and the addition amount of amine phosphate was 5 wt%. On the contrary, the friction coefficient tended to increase. For this reason, in this air conditioning apparatus 1, the friction coefficient of the components of the compressor 11 can be greatly reduced and the friction coefficient can be kept in an appropriate range.

<Modification>
In the previous embodiment, the air conditioner 1 as shown in FIG. 1 is adopted, but an air conditioner 101 as shown in FIG. 3 may be adopted. Note that such an air conditioner 1 is useful when a refrigerant that is in a supercritical state on the high pressure side, such as a refrigerant such as carbon dioxide, is used.

  In FIG. 3, reference numeral 14 indicates an internal heat exchanger, reference numeral 16 indicates an intermediate pressure receiver, reference numeral 17 indicates an electric expansion valve, and reference numeral 110 indicates an outdoor unit.

  The refrigerating apparatus according to the present invention has a feature that the coefficient of friction of the components of the compressor can be reduced, and is useful as a refrigerating apparatus for renewal demand.

It is a refrigerant circuit figure of the air harmony device concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is a graph which shows the influence of the amount of amine phosphate addition on the friction coefficient of a sliding component. It is a refrigerant circuit figure of the air harmony device concerning a modification of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Air conditioning equipment (refrigeration equipment)
2 Refrigerant circuit 11 Compressor 13 Outdoor heat exchanger (heat source side heat exchanger)
15 Electric expansion valve (expansion mechanism)
31 Indoor heat exchanger (use side heat exchanger)

Claims (3)

A refrigerant circuit (2) to which a compressor (11), a use side heat exchanger (31), a heat source side heat exchanger (13), and an expansion mechanism (15) are connected;
Refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit;
A lubricating oil mainly filled in the compressor;
A refrigeration apparatus (1) comprising a low friction coefficient agent mixed with the lubricating oil and containing amine phosphate as an active ingredient. The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the amine phosphate is IRGALUBE349 (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) (registered trademark). The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the amine phosphate is added to the lubricating oil so as to be 1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less with respect to the total amount when mixed in the lubricating oil.

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