JP2008272706A - Treatment method and treatment apparatus of waste such as asbestos-containing construction material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide treatment method and treatment apparatus of wastes such as asbestos-containing construction materials or the like by which asbestos-containing construction materials are safely treated at a low cost. <P>SOLUTION: The treatment apparatus of wastes such as asbestos-containing construction materials or the like comprises a loading zone 11 for loading wastes a such as construction materials, a crushing zone 12 continued from the loading zone 11 for crushing the wastes a such as construction materials, and a solidifying zone 13 for accumulating and solidifying the crushed materials a', and is characterized in that a circulation liquid is injected to the respective zones 11, 12, and 13. The treatment method of wastes a such as construction materials is characterized in that the wastes a such as construction materials are crushed in a liquid and a solidifying additive is added to the liquid to obtain volume-reduced asbestos-containing wastes 3, 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating waste such as asbestos-containing building materials.

As a result of a series of asbestos shocks triggered by the announcement of the so-called Kubota in 2005, the health damage problems caused by exposure to asbestos are not limited to industrial accidents at production sites, construction sites, or demolition work sites containing asbestos. It became a public fact that it was also an environmental problem in the surrounding area that could be scattered.
Since then, compensation for asbestos damage has been established, and regulations on the use and safety of asbestos, as well as regulatory standards for the removal and disposal of asbestos-containing building materials used in buildings, etc. have been established quickly.

  Most of the asbestos remaining in Japan exists as building materials for buildings in use, and it is estimated that asbestos-containing building materials that will need to be treated as waste will reach 40 million tons in the next 20 years. Over the above, it is said that 1 to 2 million tons of waste disposal is required per year.

  Currently, airborne asbestos (fireproof coating, etc.) can be solidified by mortar using a small mixer, etc., in a strictly site-controlled processing site, packed in double bags, and brought into a controlled disposal site for disposal. In addition, non-sprayable asbestos (such as building materials containing asbestos) can be peeled off as it is as much as possible at the dismantling site as it is, and then packed in double bags and taken to a stable disposal site for disposal. It recognized.

  However, there is a problem that the volume of splattered asbestos waste that has solidified mortar increases because it is packed in a plastic bag and disposed of, and non-sprayed asbestos also contains voids in the packaged state. , The bulk volume increases, and there is a concern about damage in the disposal site after landfill disposal.

In addition to this, there are problems such as shortage of management-type disposal sites, refusal to bring in non-scattering asbestos at stable disposal sites and soaring disposal costs, so it is safe to treat asbestos-containing building materials at a reasonable price. There is no prospect that disposal will continue in the future.
Furthermore, it can only be confirmed in writing (manifest) that individual asbestos-containing building materials packed in vinyl bags (both scatterable and non-scatterable) were reliably brought into the designated disposal site. There is also a problem.

As a treatment scheme other than the above, the Ministry of the Environment is promoting the use of harmless technologies such as melt-solidification and chemical treatment for the purpose of reducing the volume and detoxifying building materials containing asbestos.
However, due to problems with processing costs and processing capacity, at present, neither melt-solidification processing nor chemical processing is a standard processing scheme for asbestos-containing building materials.
Ministry of the Environment, “Guide to Asbestos (Asbestos) Issues Related Laws on Asbestos Waste Disposal”, [online], [Search April 23, 2007], Internet <URL: http: // www .env.go.jp / air / asbestos / laws_haiki.html> Tokyo, “Industrial Waste Asbestos Waste Countermeasures”, [online], [Search April 23, 2007], Internet <URL: http://www2.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/sanpai /report/asbesto/index.htm>

  In the above disposal scheme for asbestos-containing building materials, etc., while processing costs are a bottleneck, the continued use of asbestos-containing building materials in existing buildings is permitted, so replacement of asbestos-containing building materials with alternative materials If there are many collapsed buildings due to a large-scale earthquake, a huge amount of dispersible asbestos waste (crushed asbestos-containing building materials) may be scattered throughout the city. Has been.

  This problem was also pointed out during the Great Shinshin-Awaji Earthquake, but no countermeasure treatment scheme has been shown.

  In view of the above, it is desired to establish a new treatment scheme capable of safely and safely processing asbestos-containing building materials that require disposal of 1 to 2 million tons per year in the future.

  Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the processing method and processing apparatus of wastes, such as asbestos containing building materials which can process asbestos containing building materials etc. safely at low cost.

  The present invention described in claim 1 includes an input zone 11 for introducing building material waste a, a crushing zone 12 continuous to the input zone 11 for crushing the building material waste a, and a crushed crushed material a. The asbestos-containing building material waste treatment apparatus is composed of a solidification zone 13 for accumulating and solidifying 'and in which a circulating liquid is injected into each of the zones 11, 12, and 13.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the circulating fluid flows from the charging zone 11 to the crushing zone 12 and further to the solidification zone 13, and passes through the circulation path 14 from the solidification zone 13 to the charging zone 11. The asbestos-containing building material waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the asbestos-containing building material is circulated by a circulation pump 15.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, the building material waste a that is input to the input zone 11 is conveyed from the input zone 11 to the crushing zone 12 by the liquid flow of the circulating liquid. The asbestos-containing building material waste treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the asbestos-containing building material waste treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the crushed material a 'is conveyed to the solidification zone 13 by liquid flow and accumulated.

  The present invention according to claim 4 is the waste treatment apparatus such as asbestos-containing building materials according to claim 1, wherein the solidification zone 13 is separable from the charging zone 11 and the crushing zone 12.

  The present invention according to claim 5 is the asbestos-containing building materials waste obtained by crushing the asbestos-containing building materials waste a in the liquid and introducing the solidifying additive into the liquid to obtain the asbestos-containing reduced volume waste 3,5. It is a processing method of a thing.

  The present invention described in claim 6 is a waste treatment apparatus for asbestos-containing building materials, etc. according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the asbestos-containing building materials waste a is crushed in liquid and solidified and added to the liquid. This is a method for treating waste such as asbestos-containing building materials to obtain asbestos-containing reduced volume waste 3 and 5 by introducing an agent.

  In the present invention described in claim 7, an information recording medium capable of recording information on a processing state such as a unique identification number, processing date and time, and processing place is attached to each of the asbestos-containing reduced volume wastes 3 and 5. It is a processing method of wastes, such as asbestos containing building materials of 5 or 6.

  The present invention according to claim 8 is a method for processing asbestos-containing building material wastes according to claim 7, wherein information relating to the identification number and the processing state of each of the asbestos-containing reduced volume wastes 3 and 5 is registered in a management database. Is the method.

  According to the present invention, asbestos-containing building materials and the like can be safely processed at low cost.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to this.

  First, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

  FIG. 1 shows an overall outline of a treatment scheme including a method for treating asbestos-containing building material waste using the present asbestos-containing building material waste processing apparatus (submerged crushing / solidifying plant).

As shown in the figure, this asbestos-containing building material waste treatment method is asbestos-containing building material, etc. (hereinafter referred to as “building material waste”) a generated at the site of demolition work, etc. An intermediate treatment by a waste treatment device (hereinafter referred to as “treatment device”) 1 is carried into a final disposal site 2, and in the intermediate treatment, asbestos fibers are not scattered in the liquid by the treatment device 1. The volume is reduced by crushing to obtain asbestos-containing waste ingot (hereinafter referred to as “ingot”) 3 or asbestos-containing granular waste (hereinafter referred to as “granular waste”) 4.
At the time of unloading, the individual ingot 3 or the granular waste 4 is filled in a container (ton pack 5), and an IC tag is attached to the individual ton pack 5, thereby the individual ingot 3 or Management for each ton pack 5 is performed.

  Hereinafter, the processing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 2 and intermediate processing performed using the processing device 1, that is, crushing and solidification processing of waste materials such as building materials in liquid will be described.

<Configuration of processing device>
The processing apparatus 1 includes an input zone 11 for introducing a building material waste a, a crushing zone 12 continuous to the input zone 11 for crushing the building material waste a, and a crushed material obtained by crushing (hereinafter referred to as a crushing material). And “solidified zone 13” for accumulating a ′ and solidifying it as an ingot of a predetermined shape and size.

In each of the zones 11, 12, and 13, an appropriate circulating liquid such as water, oil, and aqueous solution is injected, and the circulating liquid flows from the charging zone 11 to the crushing zone 12 and further to the solidifying zone 13, and the solidifying zone 13 is circulated by a circulation pump 15 so as to return to the charging zone 11 through the circulation path 14.
The building material waste a introduced into the input zone 11 is transported from the input zone 11 to the crushing zone 12 by the liquid flow of the circulating liquid, where it is about 10 cm in diameter, for example, by a submerged crusher (underwater crusher) 16. Then, it is crushed to a size of 1 mm, and further conveyed to the solidification zone 13 by a liquid flow and accumulated and accumulated therein (so as not to enter the circulation path 14).

  The solidification tank 17 constituting the solidification zone 13 is separable from the charging zone 11 and the crushing zone 12 and functions as a mold for solidifying the waste a such as building materials staying in the solidification zone 13. Is.

  In addition, 18 is an exhaust port of the exhaust apparatus provided in the upper part of the said crushing zone 12. FIG. Further, the upper surface openings of the charging zone 11 and the solidifying zone 13 are closed by a lid 19 when necessary to prevent the asbestos fibers from scattering.

<Flow of submerged crushing and solidification>
(1) Building material waste a generated at the site of demolition work is packed in a plastic bag or immersed in the required liquid and sealed in a can etc., and carried to the place where the processing apparatus 1 is installed. Input into the input zone 11. At this time, a lid 19 is attached as necessary so that air containing asbestos fibers inside the apparatus does not leak to the outside.
The input waste a such as building material is conveyed to the crushing zone 12 by the liquid flow of the circulating liquid in the apparatus 1.

(2) The building material waste a transferred to the crushing zone 12 is crushed by the submerged crusher 16 into a crushed material a ′ having a predetermined size.
At this time, the air contained in the building material waste a is exhausted to the atmosphere from the exhaust port 18 through the exhaust device having a filter (hepa filter, ulpa filter, etc.) capable of capturing asbestos.

(3) The crushed material a ′ moves in a liquid flow without touching the air, moves to the solidification zone 13 through the discharge port 20 provided with a valve, and stays there.
When a predetermined amount of crushed material a ′ stays in the solidification zone 13, the valve of the discharge port 20 at the end of the crushed zone 12 is closed.
Next, a solidification additive (for example, sludge generated in a sewage treatment plant, a mixture of cement and lime, a mixture of coal ash and cement, or the like) is charged into the solidification zone 13, and the solidification zone 13 (solidification tank 17) is placed in the above-described manner. Curing is performed by separating from the charging zone 11 and the crushing zone 12 (the solidified tank in a separated state is indicated by reference numeral 17a).

(4) After the curing is completed, the mold is removed and the ingot 3 is obtained, so that the volume reduction of the building material waste a, the shape standardization, and the stabilization are realized.
The shape and size of the ingot 3 can be determined by appropriately setting the shape and size of the solidification tank 17 (solidification zone 13) that functions as a mold.
Further, the hardness is appropriately determined by adjusting the solidifying additive. If necessary, a coating is applied to the surface of the obtained ingot 3.

  The circulating fluid in the apparatus 1 is constantly circulated by the circulation pump 15, and the crushed material a 'is also moved by the liquid flow. However, when the valve is closed when the solidification zone 13 is disconnected, A circulation bypass route (not shown) is connected to the crushing zone 12, and the circulation is continued by returning the circulating liquid in the crushing zone 12 to the charging zone 11.

Moreover, when the amount of building materials and other waste a input per hour is larger than the amount of ingot 3 carried out per hour, an intermediate storage place for the crushed material a ′ is provided before the solidification zone 13 as necessary. I will do it.
The drainage of the circulating fluid from the device 1 is drained into sewage through a drainage filtration device equipped with a filter capable of capturing asbestos fibers.

(5) Each ingot 3 obtained as described above is attached with an IC tag (not shown) as an information recording medium capable of recording various information, and for identifying each ingot 3 A unique identification number and information regarding the processing state such as processing date and time and processing location are recorded.
When shipping the ingot 3 to the final disposal site 2, information on the processing status such as the shipping date and time, and when receiving and obtaining at the final disposal site 2 is completed, the date and processing status of the receiving facility, etc. Record information about.
When recording information on the IC tag, the same information as that recorded on the IC tag is registered in a management database on a server (not shown).

Thereby, it is possible to collectively grasp and manage when and where each ingot 3 is processed, transported, and finally accepted at which disposal site.
As an information recording medium, a bar code (for example, a two-dimensional bar code) including information on a unique identification number is attached to each ingot 3 instead of the above IC tag, and information on the processing state This storage may be performed on the management database side.
If you add position information using GPS with a barcode reader or IC tag reading device that reads and records the above information, and transfers that information to the server using a wireless LAN or mobile phone The work is simple, and it is possible for a person concerned to confirm at any time and from anywhere through the database that the ingot is surely present at a predetermined place. As a result, illegal dumping and unnecessary intermediate stagnation can be prevented in advance.

The above processing apparatus 1 is configured to transport the building material waste a in the circulating liquid flow. For example, a belt conveyor is provided in the circulating liquid and can be transported thereby. is there.
Moreover, although the example which obtains the ingot 3 of a fixed magnitude | size and carries out this was demonstrated, the granular waste 4 was packed into the ton pack 5 by predetermined amount (Hereinafter, the ingot 3 and the granular waste 4 were packed. The ton packs 5 are collectively referred to as “asbestos-containing volume reduction waste”), and an IC tag or bar code may be attached to each ton pack 5 and carried out in the same manner.

The said processing apparatus 1 and the processing method by this have the following effects.
Asbestos fibers released from the fractured surface at the time of crushing the waste a such as building materials are diffused into the circulating fluid and are not released into the indoor space.
In addition, bubbles in the waste a such as building materials may be released into the liquid, but the air contact surface of the circulating fluid in the apparatus 1 is limited by closing with the lid 19, and the amount is Since the amount is small, the processing amount in the exhaust device of the crushing zone 12 can be small.

Since all the work steps can be completed in the circulating fluid or at least in the “wet state”, there is no secondary scattering due to drying of the crushed material a ′, and a solidified product having no scattering property can be obtained.
IC tags or barcodes can be used to identify individual asbestos-containing volume-reduced wastes, and the processing status is centrally managed in a management database, so that each processing status and current location can be ascertained, ensuring traceability. it can.
As a result, it is possible to confirm that the treatment scheme is being executed reliably at checkpoints provided at various points from the waste discharge source to the final disposal site through the intermediate treatment factory.

  As described above, not only non-scattering asbestos but also scattering asbestos can be handled as asbestos-containing building material waste that can be stably disposed of from specially managed industrial waste by performing the above treatment.

  Moreover, if this apparatus 1 is carried in and installed in the dismantling site, the transportation of the waste a such as building materials becomes unnecessary, the possibility of scattering of asbestos fibers can be reduced, and the processing efficiency is high.

It is a whole schematic diagram of a processing scheme including a processing method of wastes, such as asbestos-containing building materials, concerning an example of the present invention. It is a whole side view of waste treatment equipment (submerged crushing and solidification plant), such as asbestos containing building materials used in the above-mentioned processing method.

Explanation of symbols

a Asbestos-containing building materials waste a 'crushed 1 Asbestos-containing building materials waste processing equipment 2 Final disposal site 3 Asbestos-containing waste ingot 4 Asbestos-containing granular waste 5 Ton pack 11 Input zone 12 Crushing zone 13 Solidification zone 14 Circulation Passage 15 Circulation pump 16 Submerged crusher 17 Solidification tank 18 Exhaust port 19 Lid

Claims (8)

  An input zone (11) for introducing building material waste (a), a crushing zone (12) for crushing the building material waste (a), continuous to the input zone (11), and a crushed crushed material Asbestos-containing building materials waste comprising a solidification zone (13) for accumulating and solidifying (a '), and circulating fluid being injected into each of the zones (11, 12, 13) Processing equipment.   The circulating fluid flows from the charging zone (11) to the crushing zone (12) and further to the solidification zone (13), and a circulation path (14 from the solidification zone (13) to the charging zone (11). The asbestos-containing building material waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the asbestos-containing building material waste treatment apparatus is circulated by a circulation pump (15).   The building material waste (a) to be input to the input zone (11) is conveyed from the input zone (11) to the crushing zone (12) by the liquid flow of the circulating liquid, where the submerged crusher (16). The asbestos-containing building material waste disposal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the crushed material (a ') is conveyed to the solidification zone (13) by liquid flow and accumulated and accumulated. .   The asbestos-containing building material waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the solidification zone (13) is separable from the charging zone (11) and the crushing zone (12).   Asbestos-containing building materials (a) is crushed in liquid, and asbestos-containing volumetric waste (3, 5) is obtained by adding solidification additive into the liquid. How to handle things.   The asbestos-containing building material waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the asbestos-containing building material waste (a) is crushed in liquid, and a solidified additive is added to the liquid to contain asbestos. A method for treating waste, such as building materials containing asbestos, characterized by obtaining reduced volume waste (3, 5).   6. An information recording medium capable of recording information on a processing state such as a unique identification number, a processing date and time, and a processing place is attached to each of the asbestos-containing reduced volume wastes (3, 5). 6. A method for treating waste such as asbestos-containing building materials.   8. The method for treating waste such as asbestos-containing building materials according to claim 7, wherein information relating to an identification number and a treatment state of each of the asbestos-containing reduced volume wastes (3, 5) is registered in a management database.

Images