JP2008264735A - Hydrothermal reaction apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydrothermal reaction apparatus capable of efficiently decomposing an organic compound. <P>SOLUTION: The hydrothermal reaction apparatus is provided with an apparatus body 10 having reaction chambers 21 to 23, a motor 20 that drives the body 10, and a supplying means that supplies the organic compound and water into the chambers 21 to 23, and decomposes the organic compound in hydrothermal reaction. The body 10 has a rotor housing 11 where a rotor chamber 11a that communicates with the outside by a suction port 11b and a discharge port 11c is formed, a rotor 12 that is rotatably provided around an axis in the chamber 11a and forms the chambers 21 to 23 between the wall surface of the chamber 11a and its own peripheral surface, and a drive axis 13 that is rotatably supported by the housing 11 and drives the rotor 12. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydrothermal reactor.

  It is known that when supercritical water, which is water exceeding a critical point of about 374 ° C. and about 22 MPa (218 atm), is used as a reaction medium, the reaction proceeds at a high speed. The same applies to the case where subcritical water, which is water having a temperature and pressure slightly lower than the critical point, is used as a reaction medium. This reaction using critical water or subcritical water as a medium is called a hydrothermal reaction.

  Conventionally, various hydrothermal reaction apparatuses that decompose organic compounds by hydrothermal reaction have been proposed. These hydrothermal reaction apparatuses are provided with an apparatus main body having a reaction chamber, a drive source for driving the apparatus main body, and supply means for supplying an organic compound and water into the reaction chamber. Well-known hydrothermal reactors include a batch type that uses a thick-walled cylindrical high-pressure vessel that seals the sample as the main body and a high-pressure capillary that continuously injects the sample under pressure. (For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  With hydrothermal reactor, energy conversion by gasification and liquefaction (saccharification) of various wastes such as biomass resources, acid-catalyzed reaction necessary for chemical synthesis, PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyl), DXN ( Research has been conducted on the detoxification of organic chlorine compounds such as dioxins), the re-use of polymer compounds such as PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) and urethane, and the treatment of manure.

  However, a batch-type hydrothermal reactor with a reaction chamber has practical difficulties because it cannot continuously decompose organic compounds. On the other hand, a hydrothermal reactor having a thin reaction chamber requires a long high-pressure capillary, and the high-pressure capillary may be corroded or clogged.

  For this reason, in Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3, a hydrothermal reactor using a plurality of combustion chambers of a reciprocating engine as reaction chambers is proposed. According to this hydrothermal reactor, the piston reciprocates in a cylinder bore formed in the housing, so that the reaction chamber gradually increases the volume of the intake stroke, the compression stroke that gradually decreases the volume, and the volume. The expansion stroke that gradually expands and the discharge stroke that gradually reduces the volume are repeated. At this time, since a hydrothermal reaction is caused during the compression stroke, the organic compound can be continuously decomposed. In addition, this hydrothermal reaction device is obtained by improving an existing reciprocating engine and is relatively easy to operate. Therefore, the device itself is inexpensive and the running cost is low. Furthermore, in this hydrothermal reaction apparatus, it can be said that the reaction can be frozen by stopping the piston in the expansion stroke, and it is easy to take out useful substances and energy can be recovered. For this reason, great expectations are being placed on practical use of this hydrothermal reactor.

JP 2006-43552 A JP 2006-231241 A JP 2006-15196 A "Research and development of reciprocating compression-expansion supercritical water reactor", Kyoto Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry related projects, 2002 results “Regeneration of Chlorinated Organic Solvent by Hydrothermal Treatment in a Cylinder of Automobile Engine”, Koichi Nakamura et al., 2006 "Evaluation of hazardous substance treatment equipment using high-temperature and high-pressure water" Kaera Institute, Ltd., March 2007

  However, the hydrothermal reaction device obtained by improving the reciprocating engine requires a crank mechanism and a valve mechanism because the piston reciprocates in the cylinder bore. For this reason, this hydrothermal reaction apparatus has a disadvantage that it is difficult to efficiently decompose the organic compound because mechanical loss is large and high-speed operation is difficult.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said conventional situation, Comprising: It aims at providing the hydrothermal reaction apparatus which can decompose | disassemble an organic compound efficiently.

The hydrothermal reaction apparatus of the present invention comprises an apparatus main body having a reaction chamber, a drive source for driving the apparatus main body, and a supply means for supplying an organic compound and water into the reaction chamber. In a hydrothermal reactor that decomposes by reaction,
The apparatus main body is provided with a housing in which a rotor chamber communicating with the outside by an intake port and an exhaust port is formed, and can rotate or revolve around an axis in the rotor chamber, and the wall surface of the rotor chamber and its peripheral surface And a rotor that is rotatably supported by the housing and that drives the rotor. The reaction chamber communicates with the intake port, and the exhaust port. An intake stroke in which the volume is gradually increased by rotation of the drive shaft without communication; a compression stroke in which the volume is gradually reduced by rotation of the drive shaft without being in communication with the intake port and the exhaust port; It repeats a discharge stroke that communicates with the exhaust port without communicating with the port, and gradually reduces the volume by rotation of the drive shaft,
The drive source is provided in the apparatus main body and rotationally drives the drive shaft,
The supply means comprises: an organic compound supply means for supplying the organic compound into the reaction chamber during the intake stroke; and a water supply means for supplying the water into the reaction chamber during the intake stroke. To do.

  According to this hydrothermal reactor, the volume of the reaction chamber continuously changes as the rotor rotates or revolves in the rotor chamber formed in the housing. And since a hydrothermal reaction is continuously produced in a compression process, it becomes possible to decompose | disassemble an organic compound continuously. In addition, this hydrothermal reaction device is obtained by improving an existing rotary engine and the like, and is relatively easy to operate. Therefore, the device itself is inexpensive and the running cost is low. Furthermore, in this hydrothermal reactor, it can be said that the reaction can be frozen by stopping the rotor in the discharge stroke, and it is easy to take out a useful substance and energy can be recovered. For this reason, great expectations are placed on the practical application of this hydrothermal reactor.

  Further, in this hydrothermal reaction device, the piston does not reciprocate, and the rotor rotates or revolves within the housing, so that no crank mechanism or valve mechanism is required. For this reason, this hydrothermal reactor has low mechanical loss and is easy to operate at high speed.

  Therefore, according to the hydrothermal reactor of the present invention, the organic compound can be efficiently decomposed.

  The apparatus body according to the present invention can be embodied as a reaction chamber using a combustion chamber of a rotary engine or a gas turbine engine, and a compression chamber of a rotary compressor such as a vane compressor or a scroll compressor is used as a reaction chamber. It can be embodied as a thing.

  As the drive source according to the present invention, various sources can be adopted as long as they are provided in the apparatus main body and rotationally drive the drive shaft. For example, a motor or an engine can be used. A rotation shaft such as a motor and the drive shaft of the apparatus main body may be directly connected or may be connected via a transmission.

  The supply means according to the present invention comprises an organic compound supply means for supplying an organic compound into the reaction chamber during the intake stroke, and a water supply means for supplying water into the reaction chamber during the intake stroke. Thus, by dividing the supply means into the organic compound supply means and the water supply means, it becomes easy to adjust the supply timing and amount of the organic compound and water. The organic compound or water can be a gas, a liquid, or a solid. If the organic compound or water is a gas, it can be introduced into the intake port by piping or the like. If the organic compound or water is liquid, it can be introduced into the intake port with an injector or vaporizer.

  When the combustion chamber of the rotary engine is used as the reaction chamber, the hydrothermal reaction device of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the apparatus main body has a eyebrows-shaped rotor chamber as viewed in a cross section orthogonal to the shaft center, the rotor is triangular, is attached to a drive shaft that is eccentric from the center of gravity, is rotatable, and has an internal gear. The drive shaft is configured to be rotatable within an external gear meshing with the internal gear.

  According to this hydrothermal reactor, since the intake stroke, the compression stroke and the discharge stroke are repeated three times per rotation of the rotor, the reactants taken into the reaction chamber can be decomposed with high efficiency. Is possible. In addition, this hydrothermal reaction device is less likely to expand the reactants than the hydrothermal reaction device obtained by improving the reciprocating engine, so that it is difficult for heat to escape to the housing and a hydrothermal reaction is likely to occur. Furthermore, this hydrothermal reaction apparatus has high mechanical efficiency because the power of the drive source is applied only in the rotation direction of the rotor, and does not require a large torque for the drive source. Further, in this hydrothermal reactor, the reactant is exhausted while maintaining high energy in the discharge stroke, so that the energy can be easily used.

  The hydrothermal reaction apparatus of the present invention is preferably provided with a temperature sensor capable of detecting the temperature in the reaction chamber during the compression stroke. The hydrothermal reaction apparatus of the present invention is preferably provided with a pressure sensor capable of detecting the pressure in the reaction chamber during the compression stroke. The state of the hydrothermal reaction can be grasped by the temperature sensor or the pressure sensor, and the operation state of the hydrothermal reaction device can be adjusted. In existing rotary engines, two spark plugs are provided as desired in the combustion chamber during the compression stroke. Therefore, when this rotary engine is improved to obtain a hydrothermal reactor, these spark plugs are Instead, a temperature sensor or a pressure sensor can be easily provided.

  In the hydrothermal reactor of the present invention, the organic compound supply means can be configured to be able to supply an organic gas containing an organic compound to the intake port. The water supply means may be an injector attached to the intake port and capable of spraying water. In the existing electronic fuel injection type rotary engine, an injector for spraying fuel is provided in the intake port. Therefore, when this rotary engine is improved to obtain a hydrothermal reaction device, water can be easily used with this injector. It is possible to spray on. By spraying water, water vapor causes a good hydrothermal reaction.

  In the above case, the hydrothermal reaction apparatus of the present invention can be provided with a supercharger that is driven by the exhaust gas discharged to the exhaust port and pressurizes the organic gas to supply the intake port. In the hydrothermal reactor, the reactant is exhausted while maintaining high energy, so if the energy is used in the supercharger, the organic gas can be pressurized and supplied to the intake port. In this case, since the organic gas is already pressurized, the hydrothermal reaction is more likely to occur, and the efficiency is improved. A known turbocharger, supercharger, or the like can be used as the supercharger.

  In the hydrothermal reaction device of the present invention, the organic compound supply means may be an injector attached to the intake port and capable of spraying a liquid organic compound. The water supply means can be configured to be able to supply water vapor gas containing water to the intake port. When an existing rotary engine of an electronic fuel injection type is improved to obtain a hydrothermal reactor, it is possible to easily spray a liquid organic compound with an injector. As means for converting liquid water into water vapor, a known atomizer or the like can be employed.

  In the above case, the hydrothermal reaction device of the present invention may be provided with a supercharger that is driven by the exhaust gas discharged to the exhaust port and pressurizes the steam gas to supply the intake port. If the steam gas is pressurized by the supercharger and supplied to the intake port as described above, the hydrothermal reaction is more likely to occur and the efficiency is improved.

  In the hydrothermal reaction device of the present invention, the organic compound supply means may be a first injector attached to the intake port and capable of spraying a liquid organic compound. The water supply means may be a second injector attached to the intake port and capable of spraying water. By providing two injectors in the intake port of an existing rotary engine, it is possible to easily spray a liquid organic compound and water.

  In the hydrothermal reactor of the present invention, the organic compound is trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,2- This is particularly effective in the case of volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as trichloroethane, 1,3-dichloropropene, and benzene. As conventional VOC treatment technology, (1) VOC is concentrated and then incinerated, or (2) after chemical neutralization, it is treated as landfill as dry sludge, Both have high environmental impact. Moreover, since a large-scale apparatus is required for these treatments, SMEs that account for about 40% of VOC emission sources have not taken any countermeasures due to cost problems, and VOCs are in a state of running down. . On the other hand, if the hydrothermal reactor of the present invention is adopted, air containing VOC can be introduced into the intake port by a duct from a booth or factory that performs painting, printing, industrial cleaning, etc., and can be rendered harmless. It is.

  Embodiments 1 to 3 embodying the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  The hydrothermal reaction apparatus of Example 1 is provided with the apparatus main body 10 and the motor 20 as a drive source, as shown in FIGS.

  The apparatus main body 10 is an improvement of an existing electronic fuel injection type rotary engine. The apparatus main body 10 has a rotor housing 11 in which an eyebrow-shaped rotor chamber 11a is formed as viewed in a cross section orthogonal to the axis, and the rotor housing 11 is sandwiched between a pair of side housings (not shown). The rotor housing 11 and the side housing constitute a housing. The rotor housing 11 is formed with an intake port 11b and an exhaust port 11c penetrating in the radial direction, and the rotor chamber 11a communicates with the outside by the intake port 11b and the exhaust port 11c.

  A triangular rotor 12 is provided in the rotor chamber 11a so as to be able to rotate about the axis when viewed in a cross section orthogonal to the axis. An internal gear 12 a coaxial with the center of gravity is fixed to the rotor 12. Further, apex seals 12 b are provided at the three apexes of the rotor 12.

  In addition, a drive shaft (eccentric shaft) 13 extending in the axial direction is fixed to the rotor 12 at a position eccentric from the center of gravity. The drive shaft 13 is rotatably supported by the housing, and an external gear (stationary gear) 14 is provided around the drive shaft 13 in the rotor housing 11. The internal gear 12 a of the rotor 12 meshes with the external gear 14, and the drive shaft 13 can rotate within the external gear 14.

  Reaction chambers 21 to 23 are formed between the wall surface of the rotor chamber 11 a and the peripheral surface of the rotor 12. The volumes of the reaction chambers 21 to 23 are changed by the rotation of the drive shaft 13 as shown in FIGS. That is, the reaction chamber 21 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 communicates with the intake port 11b, does not communicate with the exhaust port 11c, and is in the intake stroke in which the volume is gradually increased by the rotation of the drive shaft 13. The reaction chamber 22 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 does not communicate with the intake port 11b and the exhaust port 11c, and is in a compression stroke in which the volume is gradually reduced by the rotation of the drive shaft 13. The reaction chamber 23 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 does not communicate with the intake port 11 b but communicates with the exhaust port 11 c and is in a discharge stroke in which the volume is gradually reduced by the rotation of the drive shaft 13.

  An injector 31 capable of spraying liquid is fixed to the rotor housing 11 on the rotor chamber 11 a side of the intake port 11 b, and the injector 31 is connected to a liquid tank 32. The injector 31 is for spraying fuel in a rotary engine. The intake port 11 b is connected to the gas tank 33, and the exhaust port 11 c is connected to the recovery tank 34. The rotor housing 11 has through holes 11d and 11e facing the reaction chamber 22 in the compression stroke. The mounting holes 11d and 11e are originally for mounting a spark plug in a rotary engine. A temperature sensor 41 is mounted in the mounting hole 11d, and a pressure sensor 42 is mounted in the mounting hole 11e.

  The motor 20 is provided in the apparatus main body 10 and rotationally drives the drive shaft 13. A transmission may be provided between the rotating shaft of the motor 20 and the drive shaft 13. A rotating blade may be attached to the rotating shaft of the motor 20, and the VOC may be collected by the rotation of the rotating blade and directly guided to the intake port 11b. The injector 31, the temperature sensor 41, the pressure sensor 42, the motor 20 and the like are controlled by a computer.

  When VOC is processed by this hydrothermal reactor, water is stored in the liquid tank 32 and air containing VOC is stored in the gas tank 33. In this case, the injector 31 and the liquid tank 32 correspond to water supply means, and the gas tank 33 corresponds to organic compound supply means.

  And by driving the motor 20, the rotor 12 rotates in the rotor chamber 11a, and the reaction chambers 21 to 23 continuously change in volume. That is, the intake stroke, the compression stroke, and the discharge stroke are repeated three times per rotation of the rotor 12.

  In the intake stroke, air containing VOC is sucked into the reaction chamber 21 from the gas tank 33, and water is sprayed into the reaction chamber 21 by the injector 31. As described above, if water is supplied from the injector 31 and the liquid tank 32 and VOC is supplied from the gas tank 33, the supply timing and amount of VOC and water can be easily adjusted.

  In the compression stroke, a hydrothermal reaction is continuously generated in the reaction chamber 22, and the VOC is continuously decomposed. The temperature of the reaction chamber 22 during the compression stroke is detected by the temperature sensor 41, and the pressure is detected by the pressure sensor 42. This makes it possible to grasp the state of the hydrothermal reaction and adjust the operating state of the hydrothermal reactor.

  In particular, this hydrothermal reaction device is less likely to expand the reactants than the hydrothermal reaction device obtained by improving the reciprocating engine, so that it is difficult for heat to escape to the housing and a hydrothermal reaction is likely to occur. In addition, since the power of the motor 20 is applied only in the rotational direction of the rotor 12, the hydrothermal reaction device has high mechanical efficiency and does not require a large torque for the drive source.

  Thereafter, in the discharge stroke, the exhaust gas after the reaction is exhausted from the reaction chamber 23 and is recovered in the recovery tank 34.

  In addition, this hydrothermal reaction device is an improvement of an existing rotary engine and is relatively easy to operate. Therefore, the device itself is inexpensive, and the running cost is low. Further, in this hydrothermal reactor, it can be said that the reaction can be frozen by stopping the rotor 12 in the discharge stroke, and it is easy to take out a useful substance, and energy can be recovered.

  Further, in this hydrothermal reaction device, the piston does not reciprocate and the rotor 12 rotates within the housing, so that no crank mechanism or valve mechanism is required. For this reason, this hydrothermal reactor has low mechanical loss and is easy to operate at high speed.

  Therefore, according to Example 1 hydrothermal reactor, it is clear that VOC can be decomposed | disassembled efficiently.

  In the hydrothermal reaction apparatus of Example 1, it is also possible to store a liquid organic compound in the liquid tank 32 and store water vapor obtained by a known atomizer or the like in the gas tank 33. In this case, the gas tank 33 corresponds to water supply means, and the injector 31 and the liquid tank 32 correspond to organic compound supply means.

  As shown in FIG. 5, in the hydrothermal reaction device of the second embodiment, the first injector 31 and the second injector 35 are fixed to the rotor chamber 11 a side of the intake port 11 b of the rotor housing 11. . The second injector 35 is connected to the second liquid tank 36. The second injector 35 is also controlled by a computer. Other configurations are the same as those of the hydrothermal reactor of the first embodiment, and the same configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  When a liquid organic compound is processed by the hydrothermal reaction device, water is stored in the first liquid tank 32 and the organic compound is stored in the second liquid tank 33. In this case, the first injector 31 and the first liquid tank 32 correspond to water supply means, and the second injector 35 and the second liquid tank 36 correspond to organic compound supply means. Then, outside air is sucked from the intake port 11b.

  Also with this hydrothermal reactor, the same effects as the hydrothermal reactor of Example 1 can be achieved.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the hydrothermal reactor of the third embodiment is equipped with a known turbocharger 50 across the intake port 11b and the exhaust port 11c. A gas tank 37 for storing VOC and water vapor is connected to the inlet pipe of the turbocharger 50, and a recovery tank 34 is connected to the outlet pipe of the turbocharger 50.

  When processing the VOC by this hydrothermal reactor, the turbocharger 50 is driven by the exhaust gas discharged to the exhaust port 11c, and can pressurize and supply the VOC and water vapor to the intake port 11b. In the hydrothermal reactor, the reactant is exhausted while maintaining high energy, and the energy is used by the turbocharger 50. In this case, since VOC and water vapor are already pressurized, a hydrothermal reaction is more likely to occur, and the efficiency is improved. Other functions and effects are the same as those of the hydrothermal reactors of Examples 1 and 2.

  In the above, the present invention has been described with reference to the first to third embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the first to third embodiments, and can be appropriately modified and applied without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Needless to say.

  The hydrothermal reaction apparatus of the present invention can be used for a VOC processing apparatus, a PCB processing apparatus, and the like.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a hydrothermal reaction device of Example 1. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a hydrothermal reaction device of Example 1. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a hydrothermal reaction device of Example 1. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a hydrothermal reaction device of Example 1. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a hydrothermal reaction device of Example 2. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a hydrothermal reaction device of Example 3. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

21-23 ... Reaction chamber 10 ... Main body 20 ... Drive source (motor)
31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37 ... supply means (31, 35 ... injector, 32, 36 ... liquid tank, 33, 37 ... gas tank)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11b ... Intake port 11c ... Exhaust port 11a ... Rotor chamber 11 ... Rotor housing 12 ... Rotor 13 ... Drive shaft 12a ... Internal gear 14 ... External gear 41 ... Temperature sensor 42 ... Pressure sensor 50 ... Supercharger (turbocharger)

Claims (10)

In a hydrothermal reactor comprising an apparatus main body having a reaction chamber, a drive source for driving the apparatus main body, and a supply means for supplying an organic compound and water into the reaction chamber, and decomposing the organic compound by a hydrothermal reaction ,
The apparatus main body is provided with a housing in which a rotor chamber communicating with the outside by an intake port and an exhaust port is formed, and can rotate or revolve around an axis in the rotor chamber, and the wall surface of the rotor chamber and its peripheral surface And a rotor that is rotatably supported by the housing and that drives the rotor. The reaction chamber communicates with the intake port, and the exhaust port. An intake stroke in which the volume is gradually increased by rotation of the drive shaft without communication; a compression stroke in which the volume is gradually reduced by rotation of the drive shaft without being in communication with the intake port and the exhaust port; It repeats a discharge stroke that communicates with the exhaust port without communicating with the port, and gradually reduces the volume by rotation of the drive shaft,
The drive source is provided in the apparatus main body and rotationally drives the drive shaft,
The supply means comprises: an organic compound supply means for supplying the organic compound into the reaction chamber during the intake stroke; and a water supply means for supplying the water into the reaction chamber during the intake stroke. A hydrothermal reactor.   The apparatus main body has a cross-section perpendicular to the axis, the rotor chamber is eyebrow, the rotor is triangular, and attached to the drive shaft eccentric from the center of gravity, and is rotatable. 2. The hydrothermal reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an internal gear is provided, and the drive shaft is configured to be rotatable in an external gear meshing with the internal gear.   The hydrothermal reaction device according to claim 2, further comprising a temperature sensor capable of detecting the temperature in the reaction chamber during the compression stroke.   The hydrothermal reaction device according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a pressure sensor capable of detecting a pressure in the reaction chamber during the compression stroke.   5. The organic compound supply means is configured to be able to supply an organic gas containing the organic compound to the intake port, and the water supply means is an injector that is attached to the intake port and can spray water. Hydrothermal reactor.   The hydrothermal reaction apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a supercharger that is driven by exhaust gas discharged to the exhaust port, pressurizes the organic gas, and supplies the pressurized organic gas to the intake port.   The organic compound supply means is an injector attached to the intake port and capable of spraying the liquid organic compound, and the water supply means is configured to be able to supply water vapor gas containing the water to the intake port. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 4.   The hydrothermal reaction apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a supercharger that is driven by exhaust gas discharged to the exhaust port and pressurizes the water vapor gas to supply the steam gas to the intake port.   The organic compound supply means is a first injector attached to the intake port and capable of spraying the liquid organic compound, and the water supply means is attached to the intake port and capable of spraying water. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 4, which is an injector of 2.   The hydrothermal reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the organic compound is a volatile organic compound.

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