JP2008253925A - High-speed fermentation material manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compost manufacturing method promoting high speed compost fermentation by decomposing hard fiber contained in vegetable chips like wood chips. <P>SOLUTION: The compost manufacturing method uses a means of forming interspersed hydrothermal reaction regions of supercritical or subcritical state using a wet type bud crusher generating cavitation, and a means of monosaccharizing the hard fiber contained in vegetable chips like wood chips. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The invention relates to the field of agriculture and forestry to ferment and compost plant chips such as wood chips, the field of resource recycling technology to utilize organic resources, and the field of machinery such as wet crushers, wood processing machines and pulp processing machines that generate cavitation It belongs to the field of natural science for grasping the action of cavitation and the action of supercritical fluid and subcritical fluid (see Patent Document 1).

Technology for producing compost by fermenting plant chips such as wood chips already exists, but in the case of wood chips it takes about 3 to 6 months to mature, especially when using bark and trunk of woody plants as raw materials May take more than a year to complete.
Woody plants have hard vascular bundles, and their robustness is thought to be due to cellulose stacked in several stages as vascular cell walls and hemicellulose and lignin joining them. It has been pointed out that the long period of time until lignin is decomposed or washed out and the period until cellulose hemicellulose is decomposed is a problem in compost production.
If not matured, not only does the hydrocarbon component affect the unoxidized material in the soil mixed with compost, but it also begins to actively utilize the nitrogen-containing component when microorganisms start to assimilate the unoxidized material. It is well known that nitrogen starvation occurs in the soil, making it impossible to produce good crops and strong plants.

JP 2007-8755 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is that it takes several months to more than one year to make it easy to fermentatively decompose components containing robust fibers like plant chips such as wood chips, and to achieve complete aging. The problem to be solved by the present invention is to significantly reduce the deposition period required for maturation of compost to within about 1.5 months.

  Using a wet crusher capable of generating cavitation, we discovered that plant chips, such as wood chips, processed into a colloidal form decayed quickly by microorganisms. It was found that when the air passage made by the gap between the dried lumps was further adjusted by the dehydrator, not only the decay but also the emergence of large metazoans was accelerated.

The wet crusher currently needs to be charged with a material containing 95% or more of water due to its structure, and various efforts have been made as described in the examples, but the wet crusher reduces the water to about 90w%. Seems to be the concentration limit that can be operated. If only crushing is used, it is possible to use a high-pressure slurry pump with a concentration that contains 85% by weight of water, but its effectiveness is still in view of using the effect of cavitation to solve the problem. It has not been confirmed.
Although the operation procedure for operating so that cavitation occurs in a wet crusher is still uncertain, plant chips such as wood chips can be colloidized by cavitation, and so compost fermentation will be accelerated. .

  It has been confirmed by the confirmation of the increase in the sugar concentration that cavitation dissolves or decomposes lignin in the process of the invention of the present invention and further decomposes cellulose, and partially physically decomposes into monosaccharides. Not only that, the colloidal material was tested and deposited for about one month, and the chemical oxygen demand was measured by taking the immersion water. As a result, it reached 0 milligram / liter, and the germination test of Komatsuna was also good. there were. From these, it is clear that plant chips, such as wood chips, made colloidal with a wet crusher that generates cavitation contributed greatly to the utilization of microorganisms. As a means to solve the problem.

[Action and principle]
Crushers are homogenizers used in microbiological research and dairy factories, refiners used in the pulp manufacturing industry, mills used in the food industry, etc., and ultrasonic generators are included in a broad sense. Both are commercially available devices for the experimental industry and are generally popular.
In particular, the wet refiner used in the pulp manufacturing industry is not only a mechanical crushing performance, but also the outer teeth (stator) shown in 1 of FIG. 1 and the inner teeth (rotor) shown in 2 of FIG. It has been devised to make more detailed. In these machines, the generation of ultrasonic waves is usually not desirable in terms of the durability of the machine, and cavitation has not been desirable because it directly affects the tooth wear and causes harm. It was common sense to operate so as not to enter the area.

  Although the principle of how cavitation occurs was not fully understood, the mechanism of the cavitation effect can be explained in the process of devising the invention. When a hard object is moved in water, the flow around the object avoiding the object will increase in flow velocity and the pressure will decrease, but if it passes through the object, the flow will suddenly slow and the pressure will return to its original value. When the movement of the object becomes faster and the water temperature is about 20 meters / second to 25 meters / second, the water vapor will reach the evaporation temperature because the water temperature is the same at the decompression part even if the water temperature is the same. ing. The bubbles generated at this time were called cavities. The same principle as low-temperature distillation.

  Since the flow velocity slows down where the object passes, the pressure suddenly rises and recovers, so the vaporized vapor returns to the water and creates a vacuum. Break the vacuum bubbles into small spheres. At this time, the water in contact with the surface forming the sphere is accelerated toward one point at the center of the sphere and collides instantaneously to generate high pressure and high temperature. Due to the pressure and heat generated at the central point, the part at a certain distance from the central point has the characteristics of a supercritical hydrothermal reaction zone or a subcritical hydrothermal reaction zone for a very short time. It was considered that the wood chip located in the range was decomposed into monosaccharides. Also in the implementation test described below, the wet crusher operated for a short time while generating the cavitation is lower than the one whose liquid temperature is high than that of the wet crusher operating for a long time. This principle is consistent with the explanation for the high sugar concentration.

It is estimated that the time during which one cavity generates a high temperature is 5 μsec and the temperature exceeds 1000 ° C. The fiber loosening effect of this cavitation has been explained to date by the action of ultrasonic waves and shock waves generated when bubbles are popping.
However, the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal effect that occurs when the cavity disappears can be well explained, and it is certainly more reasonable than the theory that uses the function of the ultrasonic waves that are generated when air bubbles are mixed and repelled. Can be explained.

  It is generally known that cellulose is decomposed into monosaccharides in a supercritical fluid at 350 ° C. and 250 atm, and hemicellulose is decomposed into monosaccharides in a subcritical fluid at 230 ° C. and 150 atm. If there is a region with the same conditions as the cavity, it is natural to determine the operating conditions for maximizing the region in the operation method of the wet crusher. It is the principle of the manufacturing method.

[Explanation of words]
When classifying plants, the terms woody plants and herbaceous plants are used. The woody plants grow into hypertrophic growth by the dividing activity of the developed vascular formation layer, and are classified into high trees, shrubs, and vines according to their lifestyles. The woody plant of Takagi is called a tree. On the other hand, since most plants do not have a vascularization layer, they do not undergo hypertrophy. Except for some high-woody plants such as palms and bamboos, plants are called plants, and most vegetables are herbaceous plants. Although this technology can target plants in general, it must be a plant like cabbage and eggplant seeds, but the time required for composting is about 1 from the beginning. The difference in time required for composting is not large. However, even in the case of the present plant and the herbaceous plant, a large difference occurs in the case of a high tree such as palms and bamboos. Therefore, the term “plants such as trees” was widely expressed. However, because there are herbaceous plants with hard fiber fruits and some that were originally soft but have changed to hard properties due to drying, “plants such as trees” were targeted.

  The term “chip” is used in the sense that it is arranged in a size that can be put into a wet crusher. There are different types of wet crushers depending on the size, but in the case of a small 30 kw / h wet crusher, the chip particle size is approximately 10 mm or less and a large 150 kw / h wet crusher. In this case, the particle diameter of the chip should be about 30 millimeters or less, and it is better to adjust the diameter to a half or less for smooth insertion. Since the size of the material is not unlimited, the word “plant chips such as wood chips” was selected. Mainly used in the demonstration test of the example was a Japanese cedar chip made of conifers and a chip particle size of about 10 mm or less was prepared. However, there are various hard and soft fruits such as nuts such as peanuts, acorns, coffee beans, soybeans, red beans, apples, none, citrus fruits, etc. As described above, it was included in the chip.

  For the wet crusher, a commercially available pulp conic (with external tooth inner surface and inner tooth outer surface shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and 1 and 2 in FIG. 2 having a truncated cone shape) was used. The rotation speed was selected so that the peripheral speed of the inner teeth could exceed 35 m / sec and the gap between the outer teeth and the inner teeth could be adjusted. Most of these devices use a motor controlled by an inverter (output adjustment device by frequency conversion), but this method was chosen because it is more convenient to adjust the peripheral speed to generate cavitation with a wet refiner. Pulp refiners are not primarily intended to produce cavitation. For this reason, the material of the teeth is often made of casting, but the teeth made of super strong steel were prepared avoiding the teeth of the casting material.

  Regarding the compost materials, the current state of the industry society has not yet been clearly classified. Composting fermenting is also done by stacking fallen leaves and straw and applying fermented water. In this case, all the materials used are called fermentation materials. When bark compost and other chopped bark are mixed or kneaded with livestock feces as other nutrients, there have been examples where bark is referred to as a compost fermentation base material or other livestock feces as nutrients. Wood chips are the slowest fermenting, so there are few examples of compost fermenting materials, even if they are called compost fermenting substrates. Therefore, it is defined that all materials used for compost are called compost fermentation materials or compost materials. A base material and a nutrient source that does not form an air passage or a water passage were defined as compost fermentation material or compost material.

  Wood chips are hard before crushing with a wet crusher that can generate cavitation, and they are solid and well shaped, so it is appropriate to classify them into compost fermentation bases or compost bases. After mashing with a wet mashing machine, it becomes colloidal, and at this point it is appropriate to classify it as a compost fermentation material instead of a compost fermentation substrate.

  Thereafter, dehydration is carried out, but in the examples of the present invention, a vertical screw decanter having a capacity of 30 kilowatts / hour 2000 G, which is called a vertical centrifugal dehydrator with a scraped screw blade, was used at about 1200 G. This screw decanter is commercially available. It is better to select one with high damping performance.

  Wood chips are broken down into microfibrils with a size of several tens of nanometers, and some of them are thought to be saccharified. At least microfibrils are polar, so they tend to aggregate, but if the damping performance is low, scattering may occur and centrifugal separation may not be successful no matter how large G (gravity) is. In the case of a commercially available vertical screw decanter, classification is performed at about 100 nanometers. Although it is predicted that separation is possible with a filter press or roller press, the degree of classification has not been confirmed.

  A powder dryer may be used for drying. Even if a colloid is spread on the filter paper with a thickness of several millimeters and air is blown with a commercially available hot air dryer, it is dried into a cardboard. When the product that has been dehydrated with a centrifuge is further dried, it can be dried in a granular form. In this case, since the properties as particles are restored and there are air passages and water passages, it may be called a compost fermentation base material or a compost base material. However, it can be said that it also has the properties of compost fermentation material or compost material because compost fermentation is extremely fast. Bulky, plate-like, and particle-like materials can be molded into a mold and compressed or extruded to create a constant particle diameter, ensuring inter-particle voids and vents It is possible to have a function as a water channel. This not only restores the properties of the lost mass due to colloidalization, but also reduces liquid spillage or mixing when other liquid nutrients are combined when reshaped by compression. There are significant benefits in terms of efficiency, reduction in the volume to be transported, and handling. Based on the above, the term “compressed and shaped in a lump” was used.

  The invention was based on the fact that cavitation is not created by air bubbles, but can only be explained rationally by steam bubbles caused by changes in steam dynamics. At the moment when the bubbles collapse, the hypothesis was that the center would be a small pressure vessel of high temperature and high pressure, which would be a small supercritical hydrothermal reaction region or a small subcritical hydrothermal reaction region. Even when cavitation occurred at room temperature, the formation of monosaccharides was confirmed as expected. Ultimately, when the liquid temperature was raised to about 150 ° C., the concentration further increased, but the average liquid temperature average liquid pressure did not reach the supercritical region. In order to explain the saccharification / degradation of cellulose that must occur at least near the supercritical level, it was necessary to explain that “the presence of an instantaneous high-temperature and high-pressure region” had occurred. It was confirmed that the concept of “supercritical regions scattered” and the analysis of the mechanism of cavitation coincided, and that the temperature and pressure of the liquid can be covered at the level of the steam piping technology, which is an industrial technology.

  From these facts, we are convinced that it will actually lead to the discovery of “how to use supercritical subcritical hydrothermal reaction with low average liquid temperature”. This application was devised based on the idea of further improving the composting technology that has been tackled so far, but of course it has been repeatedly tested to complete the saccharification and decomposition method of cellulose instead of compost.

  The wet crusher used in the experiment has an adjustment function that allows teeth to be rubbed together, and because of its large size, it was able to secure a peripheral speed to cause cavitation, but in the pulp manufacturing technology field it is called fibrillation There is a word, and it has been used in the sense that it must be avoided because the water drainage worsens when crushed into microfibrils. Recently, it seems that the use of fibrillated paper to make the paper surface smooth has begun to progress, but in order to protect the durability of the machinery, we try to avoid the occurrence of cavitation. There is no. The discovery of the use of cavitation in the high-temperature and high-pressure region is expected to make a significant advance in the use of cavitation, and “use of supercritical subcritical hydrothermal reaction with low average liquid temperature” is one of the ways to make wood into “liquid fuel”. I am convinced that it will be an indispensable technology. The concept of “spattered supercritical regions” must be widespread because it enables the use of supercritical fluids that have been realized only in small high-temperature and high-pressure reactors at lower temperatures than lower pressures.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  << Preparation of raw material >> The material used was Japanese cedar wood from which the bark had been removed, and chips with an apparent specific gravity of about 0.2 and a water content of 50%. 100 liters were prepared with a particle size of 10 mm or less. Put 100 liters of water into a drum with an open / close top lid, insert a Japanese cedar chip, seal the lid, connect a suction pump to the sleeve attached to the lid, and reduce the pressure to minus 0.6 atm. . When the lid was opened and the Japanese cedar chips were confirmed, the entire amount was precipitated. The volume of the soaked Japanese cedar chips increased to 120 liters. In addition, 80 liters of water was prepared in another drum, and 120 liters of water cedar chips immersed in the raw material tank shown in 4 of FIG. . As a result, 200 liters of raw material liquid of about 200 kg was prepared. The net weight of the main wood is 100 liters x specific gravity 0.2 x evaporation residue ratio 0.5 (1-water content 50%) = 10 kg, the main ingredient concentration is 10 kg of the main ingredient ÷ total weight 200 kg = 5. It became 0%.

  << Startup >> In order to start the two rotors (rotating teeth) in FIG. 1 which are hermetically housed in one stator (fixed tooth) in FIG. 1 by opening the inlet valve 7 in FIG. 1 and the outlet valve 8 in FIG. 11 inverter (output by frequency conversion) converter was started, and 5 Hz low-speed rotation was started. Thereafter, the supply pump motor 6 in FIG. 1 for operating the 5 supply pump in FIG. 1 was activated to start liquid feeding. Since the rotor takes the place of the pump, the five feed pump of FIG. 1 is not necessarily required. If the rotor power is insufficient, it should be installed, but the gap between the housing of the 5-feed pump in Fig. 1 and the propeller housed in it should be large, and measures should be taken to prevent clogging with wood chips during operation. There is. It will work well if the tip of the propeller is cut away so that there is a gap of 20 mm or more with the distance from the shaft.

  << Peripheral speed adjustment >> Slowly increase the frequency of the inverter until it reaches the previously calculated peripheral speed. Basically, the theoretical value of the peripheral speed at which cavitation occurs is said to be 20 meters / second. However, since the condition for the occurrence of cavitation is not constant, the ability to provide a marginal speed of 40 meters / second is good. In the case of a conical refiner (conic: trapezoidal teeth are lined up on the side of the truncated cone), the outermost peripheral speed of the rotor should be adjustable to 40 meters / second. .

  <Confirmation of cavitation> Actually, the current flowing through the inverter suddenly jumped up and circulated between 20 meters / second and 30 meters / second at the peripheral speed. The water suddenly becomes cloudy and begins to make a metallic sound, so you can't miss it, but these are the signals that started to cause cavitation.

  << Description of Basic Structure >> FIG. 2 shows a view in which the rotor connected to the stator (fixed teeth) rotor (rotating teeth) is removed and the rotor is extracted from the stator. Further, FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′. The stator (fixed teeth) has a housing with a frusto-conical shape, and a special steel bar is embedded so that a square section rail protrudes inward along the intersection of the plane passing through the axis and the frusto-conical side. The number of rails increases as the sides expand toward the bottom of the truncated cone, and the rotor (rotating teeth) has a boss outer surface shaped like the side of the truncated cone, along the intersection of the plane passing through the axis and the side of the truncated cone A special steel bar is embedded so that the rails with a square cross section project outward, and the number of rails increases as the side surfaces expand toward the bottom of the truncated cone. The point of increasing this rail is different from the tooth shape of the bevel gear. In any case, it is a commercial product and is probably due to the manufacturer's ingenuity. FIG. 4 shows the protruding tooth height a and the tooth width b and the tooth gap c. Although it depends on the size of the equipment, it is made so that each of the scales a, b, and c is approximately the same. is there.

  << Machine Used for Implementation >> In this example, a wet crusher (trade name: Conic Refiner) with a scale of 100 kilowatts / hour was used. When the outermost diameter of the rotor is 400 mmΦ and 60 Hz, the rotational speed of the motor is 1800 revolutions / minute. When the peripheral speed in the case of 60 Hz is obtained, it becomes 0.4 meter × 3.14 × 1800 rotation ÷ 60 seconds = 37.7 meters / second. At about 48 Hz, the peripheral speed will exceed 30 meters / second. Operate the inverter using this hit as a guide. Cloudiness begins at approximately 35 Hz.

  << Contents of the implementation test >> It took about 5 minutes to adjust to 48 Hz as calculated. Thereafter, it was operated for 30 minutes and stopped. The liquid temperature before the start was 75 degrees C at the end of about 10 degrees C. The sugar content of the liquid before the start of operation, the sugar content of the liquid when operated at 24 Hz for 240 minutes, and the sugar content of the liquid when operated at 48 Hz for 30 minutes were compared. These operating times are calculated by calculation of 30 minutes / (designated Hz / 48 Hz) 3. When the operation time was extended in inverse proportion to the third power of the rotation speed, the power consumption could be made approximately the same. As shown in FIG. 5, when the liquid before starting operation was operated at a temperature of about 10 ° C. and 24 Hz for 240 minutes, the raw material water almost boiled and was 90 ° C. at the time of measurement, but the sugar content was both 200 mg / liter. It was as follows (not detected due to inspection machine performance). When operated at 48 Hz for 30 minutes, the temperature of the liquid was 75 ° C., but the sugar content was 1800 mg / liter. Since it can be read that 0.18% of the initial solid component concentration of 5.0% has changed, it can be read that 3.6% of the solid components have become monosaccharides. In the optical saccharimeter, the value at 48 Hz exceeded 1%, but the correct measurement method may not be selected, and as a result, it was not considered.

  <Compost test> Before start of operation and the one operated at 48 Hz, 10 liters were taken out into plastic pail cans, the containers were laid down, drained for one day and night, and the commercially available microbial agent for compost was sprayed and left standing. . Although the sample operated at 48 Hz had a moisture content of 60% or more, the next day the fever started without mixing with a carbon source such as molasses, and the fermentation temperature reached 65 ° C when the nutrient components of nitrogen and phosphorus were adjusted. Then, on the second day, drying occurred and water was sprayed. The sample before the start of operation had a moisture content of about 50%, but it was sprayed with a commercially available microbial agent for compost using nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. However, there was no exotherm that would raise the temperature beyond that. Results It was confirmed by the immersion water COD test in the compost test that the one with 48 Hz was fully ripe in 30 days. A plurality of samples were confirmed to be fully ripe in the immersion water COD test of the compost test after 30 days. The germination test of Komatsuna mixed with 50% of soil is currently underway, but all the samples did not hinder.

  <Measures against excess water> In this test, it seemed that there was a problem with the treatment of the water that flowed sideways out of the pail can, but the spilled water was used as struck water (water given to prevent the compost from drying out during aging). Since it was used, no problem occurred. When dehydration is performed using a vertical centrifugal dehydrator with high vibration damping properties, solids with an evaporation residual component exceeding 25% can be obtained. The size of the solids retained in the separated liquid at this time It was also found that the particle size was adjusted to a particle size of several tens of nanometers or less. It is predicted that a liquid having a high monosaccharide concentration in which the maximum particle size is adjusted to several tens of nanometers or less can be obtained by repeatedly using the liquid component. It is considered that a liquid that periodically reaches a certain concentration during continuous operation can be taken out and used as a raw material for alcohol fermentation. It is clear from the test results that the solid component is the same solid but much more suitable for compost fermentation than the original wood chip. Can be fermented and matured. The solid after dehydration generally contains 75% of moisture, but if it is reduced to 40% or less by drying, it will not rot and can be stored for a long time. However, due to the strong nature of the powder, there was a drawback that it soared into the air. As a solution to this problem, the device of claim 3 was devised.

  << Summary >> In any case, a colloidal liquid, a highly concentrated colloidal liquid obtained by circulating the colloidal liquid, and a solid after dehydration. Powder after drying. Both the solid powder mixture after dehydration and drying and the solid after compression shaping are different in handling characteristics, but in terms of ease of fermentation as a compost fermentation material, it is a conventional one that uses plant chips such as wood chips as a raw material. Compared to the breakthrough. There are other technologies for producing compost materials that are easy to assimilate to microorganisms by generating cavitation with a wet crusher and changing the temperature of the fiber of hard plants at a supercritical subcritical level without raising the average water temperature. Absent.

  “Raw material preparation” and “Startup” are the same as those in the first embodiment. Basically, the wetted part has a pressure resistance structure of 10 atm and a heat resistant structure specification of 150 ° C is required. The four raw material tanks in FIG. 6 are basically sealed and have a similar pressure and heat resistant structure. If it is a batch type, the lid of the four raw material tanks in FIG. After the raw materials are charged, the lid flange is tightened with bolts and nuts. In the case of a commercially available wet crusher, it is known that the pressure resistance use 10 atm heat resistance specification 180 degrees C including the piping is not difficult, and it is easy to withstand ready-made products if a normal stainless steel material is used. Other structurally, 12 pressure detection automatic opening / closing valve, 13 safety valve, 14 raw material tank automatic weight meter, 15 raw material automatic supply pumping pump used for automatic supply of raw material, when the pump is stopped 16 automatic backflow prevention valve for preventing backflow, 17 steam supply port for heating, 18 steam backflow prevention valve, 19 commercial vertical centrifugal dehydrator with scraped screw blade (vertical sharpened decanter) .

  << Peripheral Speed Adjustment >> The peripheral speed adjustment is greatly different from that of the first embodiment. It is thought that cavitation is less likely to occur when pressure is applied, but two conflicting conditions are added: cavitation is likely to occur when the viscosity increases. Since it was difficult to find white turbidity because it was sealed, the presence or absence of cavitation was confirmed by observing and inferring when the current value suddenly increased as the frequency of the inverter increased. When the liquid temperature rose to 150 ° C., the pressure gauge indicated that the stator inlet pressure was 3.2 atmospheres and the outlet pressure was 4.2 atmospheres. The difference in the inlet and outlet of the wet crusher (conic refiner) used for the implementation was about 1 atmosphere. The pressure gauge indicated approximately 3.3 atmospheres in the raw material tank. Since the atmospheric pressure display is 0 atm, the atmospheric pressure was added and the average pressure was measured at about 4.3 atm, and the maximum pressure was measured at 5.2 atm.

  <Confirmation of cavitation> In this case, the peripheral speed at which cavitation occurs was estimated to be about 35 meters / second from the jump-up point of the ammeter, but in the case of continuous operation in which raw materials are automatically supplied and discharged automatically, the liquid viscosity increases. Expected to be smaller because it is considered. It will be able to be predicted accurately based on the results of future tests.

  << Description of Basic Structure >> The basic structure of the stator and rotor is the same as that of the first embodiment. I was worried that it would be necessary to devise a concentric coaxial seal to ensure long-term durability, but the current commercial product (mechanical seal) has almost no vapor leakage, so I think it has been practical.

  << Machine Used for Implementation >> The machine used for the implementation is the same as that of the first embodiment. However, in this example, after the operation was completed, it was confirmed that the sealed container had cooled, and then a sample was collected. However, in the case of adopting the automatic supply method and the automatic discharge method of raw materials, 19 scrapes were made to discharge wet steam into the open space. It is designed to be placed at the raw material inlet of a vertical centrifugal dehydrator with a screw blade (vertical shear press decanter). It can be easily predicted that it is possible to directly connect to a scrubber (steam recovery device) or to cool and recover steam by discharging it into room temperature water.

  << Contents of Implementation Test >> When a 10 atm boiler steam pipe shown in 20 of FIG. 6 was connected to the raw material tank and the inside of the raw material tank was brought to 130 ° C., the pressure gauge displayed 2.0 atm. This corresponds to a pressure of substantially 3.0 atm. When the valves 7 and 8 in FIG. 6 are opened, the pressure gauge drops to 1.0 atm and 2.0 atm. However, when the wet refiner is operated at 5 Hz by continuing the overheating with steam, the 130 degree C pressure gauge after about 5 minutes. The display reaches 2.0 atmospheres and substantially reaches 3.0 atmospheres. When the inverter was raised to 60 Hz, 150 degrees C3.0 atmospheres substantially 4.0 atmospheres was reached after another 15 minutes. The supply of steam was stopped and water was sprayed and cooled for about 45 minutes with the lid of the four raw material tanks in FIG. 6 closed, and when the water temperature dropped to 80 ° C., the lid was opened and further natural cooling was performed. As a result of returning to room temperature and measuring with a saccharimeter, a value of 5300 mg / liter was shown.

  <Compost test> Combustion test of solid content separated in the same conditions as in Example 1 by introducing the liquid in the raw material tank into a vertical centrifugal dehydrator with vertical screw blade (vertical shear press decanter) using a manual pump did. A plurality of samples were collected and tested in the same manner as in Example 1, but in the same manner, the aging was fast and the fermentation was completed within 30 days.

  << Measures for excess water> The liquid separated by a vertical centrifugal dehydrator with a scraping screw blade (vertical, sharp press, decanter) can be used as the next raw water.

  << Summary >> Colloidalization proceeds in a shorter time when heated under pressure than when not heated. At the same time, it was found that the sugar concentration obtained by physically degrading Japanese cedar chips was also high. These pressures alone did not directly promote colloidalization and increased the sugar concentration, but the high temperature and high pressure state concentrated in a very small area generated when the cavity collapsed spread and the temperature and pressure decreased. However, the region where the supercritical or subcritical state is ensured is because the cooling pressure reduction is delayed by the amount of the high ambient temperature and pressure. As the cooling and depressurization further proceeds, the supercritical or subcritical region disappears sequentially. Therefore, the saccharification capacity corresponding to the decomposition capacity of cellulose is the number of cavities generated per unit time in a wet crusher, the operation time, the supercritical or subcritical hydrothermal reaction zone formed by one cavity, and Theorized that it has a positive correlation with its existence time. The higher the liquid temperature and pressure, the higher the cooling water temperature, so it is difficult to cool and depressurize, so the supercritical or subcritical hydrothermal reaction area becomes larger and its existence also in time. Theorized that it became longer.

  The machine used is a commercially available briquette machine. This machine is used for compression solidification of powder having a moisture content of 40% or less. As described before, the function as a compost fermentation base material is to secure a ventilation channel and to be able to mix with other compost fermented materials, especially liquid, so compression shaping was attempted. . The specific gravity becomes 1.0 or more, and it can be said that the compression molded body has the best quality aeration passage water passage as a compost material because it starts water absorption and increases the apparent volume more than 5 times just by touching the liquid. There is no other such compost-fermenting substrate made of wood as raw material.

The layout of the mechanical device centering on the wet crusher for demonstrating the manufacturing method of this invention is shown. The enlarged view of the wet crusher of FIG. 1 and the exploded view which pulled the code | symbol 2 rotation tooth | gear (rotor) from the code | symbol 1 fixed tooth | gear (stator) are shown. AA 'sectional drawing of FIG. 2 is shown. The fixed tooth (stator) BB 'sectional view of FIG. 3, the rotating tooth (rotor) CC' sectional view of FIG. 3, and how to fix the teeth are shown. The test result comparison table of Example 1 is shown. The layout of the mechanical apparatus centering on the wet crusher for demonstrating the manufacturing method of invention of Claim 2 is shown. The test result comparison table of Example 2 is shown.

Explanation of symbols

  1 ·· wet crusher fixed teeth (stator), 1-01 ·· wet crusher fixed teeth (stator) housing, 1-02 ·· wet crusher fixed teeth (stator) tooth mounting surface, 1- 03 ··· wet crusher fixed tooth (stator) side flange, 1 · 04 · · wet crusher raw material liquid inlet, 1 · 05 · · wet crusher raw material liquid outlet, 1-06 · · wet crusher Fixed tooth (stator) side flange bolt hole, 1-11 ... wet crusher fixed tooth (stator) housing indentation tooth, 2 .... wet crusher rotating tooth (rotor), 2-01 ... wet crush Tooth mounting surface of machine rotary tooth (rotor), 2-02 ... wet crusher rotary tooth (rotor) side flange, 2-03 ... wet crusher rotary tooth (rotor) side flange bolt hole, 2-4 ..Mechanical seals, 2-05 06 ・ ・ Key, 2-07 ・ ・ Drive shaft, 2-11 ・ ・ Wet crusher rotating tooth (rotor) boss indentation tooth, a ・ ・ Tooth height, b ・ ・ Tooth width, c ・ ・ Gap between teeth 3 .... Wet crusher rotating tooth (rotor) drive inverter motor, 4 .... Raw material tank, 5 .... Raw material feed pump, 6 .... Raw material feed pump motor, 7 .... Wet crusher inlet opening / closing Valve, 8 .... wet crusher outlet opening / closing valve, 9 .... wet crusher inlet pressure gauge, 10 .... wet crusher outlet pressure gauge, 11 .... inverter, ...... pressure detection automatic opening / closing valve, 13.・ ・ Safety valve, 14 ・ ・ Raw material automatic weighing scale, 15 ・ ・ Automatic feed pump, 16 ・ ・ Automatic backflow prevention valve, 17 ・ ・ Steam supply port for heating, 18 ・ ・ Steam backflow prevention valve, 19 ・・ Vertical centrifugal dehydrator with vertical screw blade (vertical shear press decanter ).

Claims (3)

  A method for producing a high-speed fermentation material, characterized in that a liquid or solid fermentation material is produced by pulverizing a plant chip such as a wood chip with a wet crusher that generates cavitation.   A high-speed production method that produces a liquid or solid fermentation material by pulverizing with a wet pulverizer that generates cavitation in a state in which plant chips such as wood chips are pressurized and heated. Fermentation material manufacturing method.   A method for producing a high-speed fermentation material, wherein the solid fermentation material produced by the method according to claim 1 or 2 is compressed into a lump shape to improve water absorption.

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