JP2008249376A - Outflowing sediment measure and outflowing sediment measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an outflowing sediment measure capable of easily and inexpensively measuring the amount of sediment contained in water flowing out from an outdoor field under cultivation or the like. <P>SOLUTION: In the measure constituted by connecting the measuring chambers from a first dividing/obtaining measuring chamber to an nth dividing/obtaining measuring chamber and an n+1th final measuring chamber in ascending order via connecting openings, water containing sediment flowing into the measuring chambers is divided/obtained by predetermined rates into the measuring chambers adjoining mutually, by forming a plurality of windows having the same shape and the same height in a side face of each measuring chamber, and forming connecting openings having the same shape and the same height as the windows, as connecting openings to the adjoining measuring chambers. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a measuring rod, a measuring device, and a measuring method for measuring the amount of earth and sand contained in flowing water, and more specifically, the amount of collected water separated from the entire flowing water at a certain ratio and the amount of earth and sand contained therein. The present invention relates to a runoff sediment measurement dredge and a runoff sediment measurement device that can easily calculate the amount of sediment contained in the total flow of water.

  It has been a problem that sediments flowing out from farm fields, development work sites, etc., flow into and accumulate in rivers and sea areas and affect the ecosystem, natural environment, fishery, tourism industry, and the like. At the development site, observation of sediment runoff during the construction period, implementation of countermeasures, etc. may be progressing, but there is still no sufficient solution for the sediment runoff problem from the field, which is a problem for the whole year. The current situation is not found.

Therefore, as an approach to the above-mentioned sediment discharge problem, it is first required to grasp the amount of sediment flowing out from a farm or the like. At present, as a known runoff sediment observation method, for example, an observation means using a self-recording measuring device or the like is known (for example, Patent Document 1). In the runoff sediment observation system described in Patent Document 1, a plurality of water intake holes are provided according to the water depth at the sleeve portion of a sabo dam provided in a river, and water is automatically and continuously taken from the water intake. Is a system that makes it possible to detect sediment concentration by a data processing device. Another runoff sediment observation method is to create a reservoir that matches the amount of precipitation, store the running water during rainfall, and measure the stored running water and the amount of sediment contained in it manually or mechanically. A method is conceivable.

JP 2002-286534 A

However, the runoff sediment observation method using the above-mentioned self-recording measuring device has the problem that it is too expensive for each farmer or local agricultural cooperative and is difficult to introduce. In addition, in the method of storing flowing water in a water storage tank described later and actually measuring it, it may be difficult to secure a space for creating the water storage tank because a very large water storage tank is required, and the stored flowing water In addition, it is difficult to actually measure the earth and sand contained in it manually, and on the other hand, there is a problem that it is costly to introduce a machine for actual measurement.

Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, can reduce the cost and labor compared with the conventional observation method, and can easily measure the amount of spilled sediment and spilled sediment measurement. An object is to provide an apparatus.

The spillage sediment measuring gutter of the present invention forms a plurality of window portions provided in the same shape and at the same height on the side surface of the measurement chamber, and has the same shape as the window portion as a connection port with an adjacent measurement chamber. By forming connecting ports of the same height, the sediment-containing running water flowing into the measurement chamber is measured adjacently by a certain ratio, that is, the number of connecting ports / (number of windows + number of connecting ports). It can be sorted into a room.
That is,
(1) From the first preparatory measurement chamber, the nth preparative measurement chamber (where n is an integer equal to or greater than 2) and the (n + 1) th final measurement chamber are arranged in ascending order via the connection port. Each of the first to nth preparatory measurement chambers has a plurality of windows on the side surfaces, and the first preparative measurement is configured. The chamber has an inlet on its upper surface, and the window is provided in the same shape and height in one fractionation measurement chamber, and in ascending order according to the relationship between adjacent fractionation measurement chambers. Are formed so that the position of the bottom of the window portion is lowered, and is formed between adjacent fractionation measurement chambers or between the nth fractionation measurement chamber and the (n + 1) th final measurement chamber. Is provided in the same shape and at the same height as the window provided on the side of the measurement chamber of the smaller order Sediment Measurement squares characterized the door,
(2) A runoff sediment measurement apparatus using the runoff sediment measurement dredge as described in (1) above, a water supply channel for flowing the collected water from the measurement target region, and a flow of water fed through the water supply channel At least a sorting channel that can sort out the sediment at a certain rate, and a sedimentation sediment measuring basin as described in (1) above, wherein the total amount of the fractionated water separated by the sorting channel is , The runoff sediment measurement device, which is led to the first preparative measurement chamber in the runoff sediment measurement tank,
(3) At least the upstream end of the sorting channel is provided in the downstream region of the water supply channel, and the side surface is mesh-like and hollow before the upstream end of the sorting channel. The rotatable sediment removing cylinder is installed in a posture in which the side surface of the dust removing cylinder stands upright, and (4) the feed A water wheel is provided at a position where it comes into contact with the drained water after a part of the water from the flowing water flows through the sorting channel at a certain ratio, while the cylinder is disposed inside the dust removing cylinder. The turbine blade is provided by a torque transmission member that is connected to at least a part of the body, and that is provided with a drive core that transmits power for rotational motion to the dust removal cylinder, and that can transmit the rotational power of the turbine blade. And the drive core are connected to each other as described in (3) above Sediment measuring device out,
Is a summary.

In the description of the present invention or the present specification, the “upstream side” means the direction upstream of the flowing water, that is, the measurement target region side, and the “upstream region” means the upstream side. On the other hand, the “downstream side” means the direction opposite to the upstream side, that is, the downstream direction in the flowing water direction, and the “downstream area” means the downstream area. Means.

Further, in the present specification or the description of the present specification, the term “measurement chamber” simply means a preparative measurement chamber and / or a final measurement chamber.

By installing the runoff sediment measurement dredge of the present invention at the measurement site, collecting the flowing water flowing out from the measurement target area and flowing it into the first preparatory measurement chamber, the flowing water is sequentially supplied at a desired ratio. Can be easily separated.
That is, when the amount of stored water in the first preparative measurement chamber exceeds the bottom of the window provided in the measurement chamber, the flowing water automatically overflows from the window and a part of the connection port Flows into the second measurement chamber. The ratio of the amount of flowing water that has moved to the second measuring chamber to the flowing water that has flowed beyond the maximum storage capacity of the first sorting measuring chamber (that is, the ratio that is separated into the second measuring chamber) is flowing water. The number of connection ports of the preparative measurement chamber into which the water flowed / (number of windows of the preparative measurement chamber into which the flowing water flowed + the number of connection ports). Therefore, it is possible to grasp the proportion of the flowing water that has been fractionated from the first fractionation measurement chamber to the second fractionation measurement chamber. In this way, the amount of flowing water stored in all the preparatory measurement chambers and the final measurement chamber at an appropriate time before the amount of water stored in the final measurement chamber exceeds the storage capacity of the final measurement chamber. And the amount of earth and sand contained in this, and the total amount of water flowing into the measuring rod of the present invention, and the amount of earth and sand contained in this, if the total value multiplied by the fraction of the fractionation in each measurement room Can be calculated.
Therefore, the runoff sediment measurer installs the product of the present invention at a predetermined location, and after a certain period of time (or after rainfall), measures the amount of sediment stored in each measurement room and distributes it. It is possible to easily know the amount of sediment that has flowed out of the measurement target area during the certain period (or during the rain) simply by multiplying the ratio taken.

In addition, the outflow sediment measuring rod of the present invention can be constituted by a continuous measuring chamber formed in a size that can be carried, so that it is easy to handle and can be installed in a small space.

Moreover, the outflow sediment measuring apparatus of the present invention collects the flowing water flowing out from the measurement target region, collects the flowing water at a certain ratio, and allows the collected water to flow into the first sorting measurement chamber. be able to. Therefore, even when the amount of flowing water flowing out from the measurement target area is large, the flowing water is once collected, so that the flow rate flowing into the outflow sediment measurement chamber can be kept small. Therefore, it is possible to lengthen the period until the capacity of the final measurement room in the runoff sediment measurement room is full, so it is necessary to increase the size of the measuring rod even when measuring in areas with a large amount of water flow. Absent. For example, when a field of 1 ha is used as an observation target, it is possible to cope with a rainfall of 230 mm by a device about the size of the outflow sediment observation device of Example 1 formed in an example described later. If more rain is expected, it can be handled by connecting a small tank (such as a polyethylene container) that stores overflowing water.

The runoff sediment measurement dredge and apparatus of the present invention has a simple structure, can be easily constructed at a low cost, has almost no running cost or maintenance during the measurement period, and has a simple measurement method. Even those who do not have specialized knowledge or who are low in cost can easily measure runoff sediment.

Hereinafter, the best mode of the outflow sediment measurement dredging of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “measurement dredging”) and the outflow sediment measurement device using the same (hereinafter also referred to simply as “measurement device”), This will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(About outflow sediment measurement dredging)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an outflow sediment measuring rod 1 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “measuring rod 1”) showing an embodiment of the present invention. The measuring rod 1 includes a first preparatory measurement chamber 2 (hereinafter simply referred to as “measurement chamber 2”), a second preparative measurement chamber 3 (hereinafter also simply referred to as “measurement chamber 3”), and a third preparative measurement. A chamber 4 (hereinafter simply referred to as “measurement chamber 4”) and a final measurement chamber 5 (hereinafter also simply referred to as “measurement chamber 5”) are continuously connected in this order. A plurality of window portions 6 are provided on the side surface of the measurement chamber 2, a window portion 7 is provided on the side surface of the measurement chamber 3, and a plurality of window portions 8 are provided on the side surface of the measurement chamber 4. The connecting wall 9 connected to the measuring chamber 2 and the measuring chamber 3 is provided with a connecting port 10 having the same shape as the window 6 at the same height as the window 6.

The measurement chamber 3 to the measurement chamber 5 are respectively provided with a top plate 16 to a top plate 18 on the upper surface thereof. Although the said top plate is not an essential structural requirement in this invention, it is preferable by providing a top plate since it can prevent rainwater etc. storing in each fractionation measurement chamber.

  In order to describe the measuring rod 1 in more detail, FIG. 2 which is a perspective view of the upper notch of the measuring rod 1 in FIG. 1 is shown.

About windows:
According to FIG. 2, ten rectangular windows 6 are provided on the three side surfaces of the measurement chamber 2, and ten slit-like window portions 7 are provided on the two side surfaces of the measurement chamber 3. It can be seen that 10 slit-shaped windows 8 are provided on the side surface of the measurement chamber 4. Each of these window portions is for causing the flowing water to overflow when the amount of flowing water stored in the measurement chamber exceeds the bottom surface of the window portion. Therefore, the shape and number of windows provided on the side surfaces of each measurement chamber are arbitrary, taking into consideration the measurement implementation period, the rainfall during the measurement period in the measurement target area, the area of the area, etc. It can design suitably and the number of the window parts of each measurement room may be the same, and may differ.

However, in order to grasp the proportion of flowing water to be described later, a plurality of windows provided in one measurement chamber need to be formed in the same shape and the same height. In addition, in order to prevent the backflow of flowing water from the first measurement chamber to the nth measurement chamber, the height of the window in the measurement chamber is ascending from the first to the nth measurement chamber. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a lower position for the bottom of the measurement chamber windows. In addition, formation of the window part in the final measurement chamber 5 is arbitrary. When a window is formed in the final measurement chamber 5, if the amount of water flowing into the measurement chamber 5 exceeds the bottom of the window, if there is more inflow of water, it overflows from the window. Because it will not be able to grasp the total amount of the flowing water flowing into the measuring rod 1, paying attention to this point, the measuring period ends before the flowing water overflows from the window of the measuring chamber 5 or overflows. It is desirable to install additional dredging for temporarily storing running water.
In the description of the following specification, the capacity from the bottom surface of each preparative measurement chamber to the bottom surface of the window or the capacity from the bottom surface of the connection port in the final measurement chamber is measured as a capacity that can substantially store running water. Sometimes called “maximum storage capacity” of a room.

About connecting wall and connecting port:
A connecting wall 9 connecting the two rooms is formed at the boundary between the measuring chamber 2 and the measuring chamber 3, and the connecting wall 9 has the same shape as the window portion 6 and the same height position. The connection port 10 formed in the above is formed. Similarly, a connecting wall 11 is formed between the measuring chamber 3 and the measuring chamber 4, and a connecting port 12 is formed in the connecting wall 11 in the same shape as the window portion 7 and at the same height position. Further, a connecting wall 13 is formed between the measuring chamber 4 and the measuring chamber 5, and a connecting port 14 is formed in the connecting wall 13 in the same shape as the window portion 8 and at the same height position. (See FIG. 2). The connecting walls 9, 11 and 13 are each composed of a single plate-like wall as a boundary for partitioning the two measurement chambers.

The connecting wall does not limit the mode for connecting the measurement chambers adjacent to each other in the present invention. The measurement chambers in the present invention are all independent, and adjacent measurement chambers are connected to each other by a connection port. As a result, the total amount of running water separated from the connection port provided in one measurement chamber is adjacent. It suffices if it can flow into the next measuring chamber. Therefore, for example, the flowing water channel extending from the connection port provided in the wall of the independent first measurement chamber is led to the wall of the adjacent second measurement chamber, and thus separated from the first measurement chamber. For example, a mode in which running water is poured into the second measurement chamber can be employed. In the case of this aspect, it is necessary to provide a receiving port for receiving the separated running water provided on the wall of the second measurement chamber. The receiving port may have any shape and size that does not hinder the reception of flowing water, but the height position is such that the separated flowing water flows from the first measuring chamber to the second measuring chamber. In order to prevent the maximum storage capacity of the second measurement chamber from being substantially reduced, it is necessary to provide it at the same height as the connection port provided in the first measurement chamber. It is necessary to be provided at a position higher than the height of the bottom surface of the window portion.

In the present invention, the connecting port is a window provided on the side surface of the measurement chamber having a smaller order between the adjacent measurement chambers or between the nth measurement chamber and the (n + 1) th final measurement chamber. Are provided in the same shape and at the same height. Therefore, in the preparative measurement chamber provided between the first preparatory measurement chamber and the final measurement chamber, a connection port (hereinafter referred to as “inflow connection”) formed between the measurement chambers in the smaller order of the adjacent order. And a connection port (hereinafter also referred to as “outflow connection port”) formed between the adjacent measurement chambers in the larger order. At this time, the inflow connection port is provided in the same shape and at the same height as the windows provided in the measurement chambers in the adjacent order, while the outflow connection port is the preparative measurement. It is provided in the same shape and at the same height as the window provided in the chamber. Here, the window portion in the present invention is formed so that the position of the bottom portion of the window portion becomes lower for each ascending order in the relationship between the preparative measurement chambers, and as a result, the relationship between the inflow connection port and the outflow connection port. Then, the height position of the bottom part of the outflow connection port is formed lower. Therefore, the flowing water is collected while flowing in ascending order from the first preparatory measurement chamber to the final measurement chamber, and backflow is prevented.

When the flowing water flowing into the preparative measurement chamber exceeds the maximum storage capacity in the preparative measurement chamber, the flowing water overflows from the window in the preparative measurement chamber, and at the same time, a part of it is connected to the connecting port (outflow). It can be made to flow at a fixed rate into the preparative measurement chambers adjacent to each other through the connection port). In other words, it is possible to sort the flowing water into the fractionation measurement chambers adjacent to each other at a certain ratio with respect to the amount overflowing from the window. In one measurement chamber, the ratio X (%) of flowing water that is separated into adjacent measurement chambers with respect to the amount of flowing water that flows in excess of the maximum storage volume of the measurement chamber is the outflow connection port in one measurement chamber. When the number is A and the number of windows is B, it is calculated by the following equation (1). Therefore, the fractionation ratio can be determined by adjusting the number of connecting ports and the number of window portions.
(Formula 1) X = A / (A + B) × 100 (1)

About the first preparative measurement room 2:
As shown in FIG. 1, the first preparative measurement chamber 2 is formed so that the entire upper surface thereof is open, and the inflow port 15 is configured by this opening. The first preparative measurement chamber 2 corresponds to the first preparative measurement chamber of the present invention, receives the flowing water flowing into the measuring rod of the present invention, and the second preparative measurement chamber adjacent to the flowing water at a certain rate. It plays the role of sorting into three. The flowing water that flows into the first fractionation measurement chamber 2 can flow as it is the sediment-containing flowing water collected from the region to be measured, or it may flow in water that has been collected in advance at a certain rate.

As shown in FIG. 1, the inflow port provided in the first preparatory measurement chamber may be formed by opening substantially the entire upper surface of the measurement chamber as an inflow port, or the first preparative measurement chamber. It is possible to provide a top plate and open a part of the top plate as an inlet.

Regarding the second preparative measurement chamber 3 and the third preparative measurement chamber 4:
1 is an embodiment in the case where the coefficient n representing the order of the measurement chambers is 2. As shown in FIG. Therefore, the preparative measurement chamber is formed up to the third. Since the second and subsequent fractionation measurement chambers are provided for further fractionating the flowing water separated from the first fractionation measurement chamber at a certain rate, the amount of target flowing water is large. If this is expected, or if it is desired to set the measurement period to a long period, it is desirable to form a large number of second and subsequent preparative measurement chambers.

About the final measurement room 5:
The final measurement chamber 5 corresponds to the (n + 1) th measurement chamber in the aspect of the present invention where n = 4, and is a measurement chamber provided at the end of the measurement basket of the present invention. The final measurement chamber 5 is not particularly provided with a window portion, and only stores running water collected from the third preparative measurement chamber 4 via the connection port 14.

About the outlet:
XX sectional drawing of the measuring rod shown in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. Discharge ports 19a to 19d are formed on the bottom surfaces of the measurement chambers 2 to 5, respectively. These discharge ports are provided to take out the sediment from each measurement chamber in order to measure the sediment deposited and stored in each measurement chamber after the end of the measurement period. Accordingly, the shape, size, or position of the discharge port can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the invention.

About the use of surfactants:
As described above, the measuring rod according to the present invention employs a mechanism that causes the flowing water flowing into the measurement chamber to overflow from the window portion and at the same time, transfers the flowing water to the adjacent measurement chamber at a certain rate and separates it. Therefore, the more smoothly the flowing water that has flowed into the first preparatory measurement chamber flows into the final measurement chamber through the connection port and the overflow from each window portion, the more accurate the amount of discharged sediment can be obtained. it can. As an example for assisting the smooth flow of the flowing water, there is a method of adding a surfactant to the flowing water. The method of adding the surfactant to the running water is not particularly limited. For example, a solid surfactant is previously installed in each measurement chamber, and the surfactant is gradually eluted with the stored running water. The surfactant can be suspended in the running water stored by the above. Further, a surfactant dropping device may be installed adjacent to the first preparative measurement chamber.
According to the addition of the surfactant, each window can be used even when the amount of inflow into the measurement chamber is small (that is, when the amount of overflow from the window and the amount of water flowing to the adjacent measurement chamber is small). It is preferable that uneven flow due to meniscus (liquid level unevenness) due to subtle differences in the cutting surface obtained by cutting the side surface of the measuring chamber or the connecting wall to form the connection part and the connecting port can be preferably mitigated. .

(Regarding the movement of running water flowing into measuring rod 1)
Below, the movement of flowing water when flowing water flows into the measuring rod 1 of the present invention having the above-described configuration will be described. First, the sediment-containing running water collected from the measurement target region flows into the first preparatory measurement chamber 2 through the inlet 15, and the running water starts to be stored in the measurement chamber 2. If the volume of running water that flows continuously and intermittently into the measurement chamber 2 exceeds the bottom of the window portion 6 and exceeds the maximum storage capacity of the measurement chamber 2, each of the 11 window portions 6 From the beginning of the overflow of running water. At the same time, overflow of running water also starts from the connection port 10. The flowing water overflowed from the connection port 10 flows into the second preparative measurement chamber 3. The flowing water that has flowed into the second preparative measurement chamber 3 is stored in the second preparative measurement chamber 3, and when the volume of water exceeds the bottom of the window portion 7 and exceeds the maximum storage capacity of the measurement chamber 3, The overflow of running water begins. At the same time, overflow of running water starts from the connection port 12. This overflowed flowing water flows into the third preparative measurement chamber 4. Subsequently, the action of flowing water from the third preparative measurement chamber 4 to the final measurement chamber 5 is the same as described above.

As described above, in the measuring rod 1 of the present invention, when the amount of flowing water flowing into each measuring chamber exceeds the maximum storage capacity of the measuring chamber, the flowing water starts to overflow from the window and the connecting port, and in particular, the flowing water that overflows from the connecting port. Has a mechanism that flows to the next measurement room next to it. At that time, in one measurement room, it is confirmed that a certain proportion of the flowing water has flowed out into the adjacent measurement room by forming the windows and connecting ports in the same shape and shape. can do. Therefore, it is important that the windows and the connecting ports have the same shape and height to be formed for each measurement chamber. Further, the shape itself is not particularly limited to the slit type, and may be formed in other shapes such as a circle and a square, for example.

Next, the ratio of flowing water separated by moving to an adjacent measuring chamber with respect to the amount of flowing water flowing into each measuring chamber in the measuring rod 1 of the present invention will be described in more detail.
First, the ratio X of the amount of flowing water that has flowed to the measuring chamber 3 with respect to the flowing water that has flowed in excess of the maximum storage capacity of the measuring chamber 2 (that is, the ratio that is separated into the measuring chamber 3) is expressed by the above equation (1). 1 / (10 + 1) × 100 = about 9.1%. Therefore, about 9.1% of the flowing water flowing into the measurement chamber 2 from the inlet 15 exceeding the maximum storage capacity of the first preparatory measurement chamber 2 always flows into the measurement chamber 3. . Similarly, the ratio of the flowing water that flows into the measuring chamber 4 out of the flowing water that overflows from the measuring chamber 3 is about 9.1%. Therefore, about 9.1% of the flowing water that flows into the measurement chamber 3 from the connection port 10 and that flows beyond the maximum storage capacity of the measurement chamber 3 always flows into the measurement chamber 4. Flowing water is also collected from the measurement chamber 4 to the measurement chamber 5 in the same manner as described above.

On the other hand, since the measurement chamber 5 is the final measurement chamber in the measurement rod 1, no window portion is provided. Therefore, the flowing water once collected and stored in the measurement chamber 5 does not flow backward from the connection port 14 to the measurement chamber 4, so that the flowing water stored in the final measurement chamber 5 is less than the maximum storage capacity of the measurement chamber 5. It is desirable that In other words, it is desirable to set the measurement period for flowing water to end before the inflow amount exceeds the maximum storage capacity of the final measurement chamber 5.

(About the measurement method of the amount of runoff sediment)
In the following, the process of separating flowing water according to the present invention will be further described with a general concept. In addition, the total flowing water that has flowed into the measuring device based on the amount of flowing water and the amount of sediment contained in the flowing water will be described. The method for calculating the total amount of sediment runoff included in the amount and total amount of water flow will be described.

In the following description, the maximum storage of the first preparative measurement chamber (hereinafter referred to as the first measurement chamber) is assumed, assuming a measuring rod R having four consecutive preparative measurement chambers and the subsequent final measurement chamber. The capacity is A liter, the maximum storage capacity of the second preparative measurement chamber (hereinafter referred to as the second measurement chamber) is B liter, and the maximum storage of the third preparative measurement chamber (hereinafter referred to as the third measurement chamber). The capacity is C liters, the maximum storage capacity of the fourth preparatory measurement chamber (hereinafter referred to as the fourth measurement chamber) is D liters, and the maximum storage capacity of the final measurement chamber following the fourth measurement chamber is E liters. In addition, the running water is separated until the storage amount of the flowing water collected in the final measurement chamber reaches the maximum storage capacity.
Further, as a ratio of separation between the measurement chambers obtained from the above formula (1), the ratio X of the flowing water separated from the first measurement chamber to the second measurement chamber is a%, and the third measurement is performed from the second measurement chamber. The proportion X of flowing water separated into the chamber is b%, the proportion X of flowing water is separated from the third measuring chamber to the fourth measuring chamber c%, and the flowing water is separated from the fourth measuring chamber to the final measuring chamber. The ratio X is d%. In the first measurement chamber, the water collected from the measurement target area directly flows in, and the fractionation ratio is 1 (that is, the fractionation ratio is 100%).
In addition, the bottom of each measurement chamber shall be equipped with the discharge port for discharging the stored flowing water, respectively.

In the measuring rod R, when the amount of flowing water flowing into the first measuring chamber exceeds A liter, overflow starts from the window provided in the first measuring chamber, and a% of the flowing water flows into the first measuring chamber and It flows into the second measurement chamber through a connection port provided between the second measurement chambers. Next, when the amount of water flowing into the second measurement chamber exceeds B liters, overflow starts from the window provided in the second measurement chamber, and b% of the flowing water flows into the second measurement chamber and the third measurement chamber. It flows into the third measurement chamber through a connecting port provided between them. Similarly, if the flowing water flowing into the third measurement chamber exceeds C liters, c% of the flowing water flows into the fourth measuring chamber, and flowing water flowing into the fourth measurement chamber exceeds D liters. D% of them flows into the fifth measurement chamber. When the flowing water flowing into the fifth measurement chamber becomes E liter, the measurement is finished.
Table 1 shows various settings in the measuring rod R and calculation results described later.

Next, the flowing water collected in each measurement chamber is discharged from a discharge port provided on the bottom surface of the measurement chamber, and the amount of stored flowing water and the amount of sediment contained therein are measured for each measurement chamber. Here, the amounts of flowing water stored in the first measurement chamber to the fourth measurement chamber and the final measurement chamber are A liter, B liter, C liter, D liter, and E liter in order (that is, the maximum storage capacity of each measurement chamber). When the amount of earth and sand contained therein was measured, as shown in Table 1, it was assumed that they were M1 gram, M2 gram, M3 gram, M4 gram, and M5 gram in order from the first measurement chamber.
Subsequently, by multiplying the above numerical value by the ratio of fractionation with respect to the total amount of water flow, the total amount of water flowing into each measurement chamber and the total amount of earth and sand contained in the total amount of water flow can be calculated. Specifically, the total amount of water flowing into each measurement room is calculated as follows.
First measurement room: A x 1 = A (liter)
Second measurement chamber: B × 100 / a = G (liter)
Third measurement chamber: C × 100 / a × 100 / b = H (liter)
Fourth measurement chamber: D × 100 / a × 100 / b × 100 / c = I (liter)
Final measurement room: E × 100 / a × 100 / b × 100 / c × 100 / d = J (liter)
Similarly, the total amount of earth and sand contained in the total amount of water flowing into each measurement room is calculated as follows.
First measurement chamber: M1 × 1 = K (grams)
Second measurement chamber: M2 × 100 / a = L (grams)
Third measurement chamber: M3 × 100 / a × 100 / b = N (grams)
Fourth measurement chamber: M4 × 100 / a × 100 / b × 100 / c = O (gram)
Final measurement room: M5 × 100 / a × 100 / b × 100 / c × 100 / d = P (grams)

Finally, the total flow amount S (liter) flowing into the measuring device and the total sediment amount T (grams) contained in the total flow amount S can be calculated by the following equations.
Total water flow S = A + G + H + I + J
Total amount of sand T = K + L + N + O + P

As described above, if the measuring rod of the present invention is used, continuous measurement can be performed simply by flowing the water collected from the measurement target region as it is or after pre-sorting at a certain ratio and then flowing into the first measurement chamber. It can be sorted into a room at a certain rate. Then, the running water separated and stored in each measurement room is discharged, and the amount of the stored flowing water and the amount of earth and sand contained in each measurement room are measured, and the measured amount is multiplied by the fraction taken. By obtaining the sum total of the obtained numerical values, the total amount of running water that has flowed into the measuring trough and the amount of earth and sand contained therein can be obtained.

In addition, the limit (hereinafter also referred to as “measurement limit amount”) of the flowing water amount measured in the measuring rod of the present invention corresponds to the total flowing water amount S described above. That is, it is an amount obtained by multiplying the maximum storage capacity of each measurement room by the fractionation ratio with respect to the total water flow amount and adding this.

According to the calculation method described above using the measuring rod of the present invention, it is possible to measure the amount of sediment flowing out from the field due to the influence of rain that falls within a certain period. In this case, the basic structure (and dimensions) of the measuring rod can be arbitrarily determined based on the analysis of the rainfall scale of the measurement target region. For example, when measuring the amount of flowing water stored in a measuring basin and the amount of sediment contained in this once a month and calculating the amount of sediment flowing out of the target field, first determine the area of the field to be measured. Calculate the expected amount of rainfall (scale of rainfall) of the amount of water flowing out from the field to be measured in one month by multiplying the area by the monthly average monthly rainfall and then multiplying this by the runoff rate. To do. Then, the number of measurement chambers, the number of windows, the maximum storage capacity of each measurement chamber, etc. are appropriately determined and used so that the measurement limit amount of the measurement rod exceeds the total amount of flowing water flowing out in the above month. Need to create. Alternatively, the measurement period may be determined in consideration of the measurement limit amount of the measurement rod already formed and the above-described rainfall scale.
However, from the viewpoint of facilitating carrying and not having to secure a large installation space, the dimensions of the measuring rod of the present invention are, for example, 40 cm to 200 cm on one side of a rectangular cross section, It is preferable that the height is about 20 cm to 180 cm and the height is about 30 cm to 100 m.

According to the above, the present invention is installed so as to collect the flowing water flowing out from the target field and flow into the first measurement chamber, leave it for a predetermined period, and the flowing water stored in each measurement chamber after the period has passed. It is possible to obtain the amount of sediment that has flowed out from the target field during a predetermined period only by measuring the amount of contained sediment and calculating the total amount of water flow and the total amount of sediment according to the above description. In the present invention, the runoff rate means the ratio of the amount of water that does not soak into the ground and flows out of the ground surface with respect to the rainfall.

(About runoff sediment measurement equipment)
Next, the outflow sediment measuring apparatus of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “measuring apparatus”) will be described with reference to FIG. The outflow sediment measuring apparatus 101 of the present invention separates the U-shaped groove 103 which is a water supply channel for supplying the flowing water flowing from the measurement target region and a part of the flowing water flowing in the U-shaped groove 103 at a certain ratio. A slit plate 104, a flowing water introduction path 105 that guides the collected water separated by the slit plate 104, and an outflow sediment measuring rod 1 that receives the collected water 106 flowing from the flowing water introduction path 105. Yes. The water flowing in the U-shaped groove 103 flows from the measurement target region through the water collecting pipe 102. The U-shaped groove 103 is stacked on a support base 111 assembled to support the U-shaped groove 103.

According to the configuration of the measurement device 101, the flowing water flowing out from the measurement target region is sorted by the slit plate 104 at a certain ratio before flowing into the measurement tank 1. In this way, since the sample can be collected at a fixed rate before the first measurement room, the amount of water flowing into the first measurement chamber should be reduced relative to the total amount of water flowing out from the measurement target area. Can do. Accordingly, it is preferable that the size of the measuring rod can be made compact or that the measurement period can be set long. Of the flowing water flowing through the U-shaped groove 103, the flowing water not separated by the slit plate 104 is drained as drained water 107 from the downstream end of the U-shaped groove. The drainage water 107 may be discharged to the ground as it is, or a drainage water channel may be provided separately and led to a river or a reservoir.

FIG. 5 is shown in order to explain the U-shaped groove 103 and the slit plate 104 in more detail. The U-shaped groove 103 has a groove structure having a U-shaped cross section including a substantially flat bottom surface and a side surface standing substantially vertically. Therefore, it is understood that the amount of flowing water flowing in the U-shaped groove 103 is substantially equal to the level between the side surfaces when observed with a U-shaped cross section. On the other hand, the slit plate 104 is composed of two side plates and a top plate connecting the upper portions thereof, and is formed to have a substantially uniform rectangular cross section. FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the slit plate 104 and a YY sectional view in the perspective view. And the upstream edge part of the slit board 104 is installed in the downstream area | region of the U-shaped groove 103, and a part of flowing water which flows into the U-shaped groove 103 flows into the flowing water introduction path 105 through the inside of the slit board 104. It is configured as follows.

According to the configuration of the U-shaped groove 103 and the slit plate 104, the inner diameter width dimension measured between the inner sides of the side surfaces constituting the slit plate 104, and the inner diameter width dimension measured between the inner sides of the side surfaces of the U-shaped groove 103; Thus, the fraction of the flowing water flowing through the U-shaped groove 103 is determined.

For example, if the inner diameter width dimension of the slit plate 104 is one tenth of the inner diameter width dimension of the U-shaped groove 103, about 10% of the flowing water flowing in the U-shaped groove 103 passes through the slit plate 104. It flows into the measuring bowl 1 as preparative water. Therefore, in order to calculate the amount of sediment flowing out with the measuring device 1 of the present invention in which the flowing water flowing out from the measurement target area is preliminarily separated into the slit plate 104 and then the collected water is poured into the measuring rod 1, the first fractionation is performed. It is necessary to multiply the ratio of the width of the slit plate 104 to the inner diameter width of the U-shaped groove 103 to the measured value of the amount of flowing water stored in the measurement chamber 1 and the amount of sediment contained therein. Next, in the measured value of the amount of water stored in the second sorting measurement chamber 3 and the amount of earth and sand contained therein, the ratio of the width of the slit plate 104 to the inner diameter width of the U-shaped groove 103 and the first sorting measurement It is necessary to multiply the ratio of the separation from the chamber 2 to the second fractionation measurement chamber 3. The third preparatory measurement chamber 4 and the final measurement chamber 5 are calculated based on the same concept.

The U-shaped groove 103 and the slit plate 104 described above are examples of the water supply channel and the sorting channel in the measuring device according to the present invention, respectively, and are not intended to be limited thereto. The water supply channel in the measuring device of the present invention is a water channel for flowing sediment-containing water flowing out from the measurement target region, and the sorting channel separates the water flowing through this water supply channel at a constant rate. It is only necessary to have a relationship in which a certain proportion of flowing water can be separated from the flowing water flowing through the water supply channel.

(About the dust removal cylinder)
By the way, the flowing water collected from the measurement target region may include not only earth and sand but also various kinds of garbage such as fallen leaves. When measuring the amount of flowing water and the amount of earth and sand contained therein, it is not preferable that these dusts enter the measuring device because it causes an error in the measured value. In addition, when the slit plate 104 is used as described above, the dust enters the slit plate 104 and the slit is clogged, and the flowing water can be separated from the flowing water flowing in the U-shaped groove 103 at a certain rate. There is a risk that it will not be possible.

Therefore, as a means for avoiding the problem of dust in the flowing water as described above, the dust removing cylinder 121 is disposed in the U-shaped groove 103 and upstream of the slit plate 104 as shown in FIG. Can be installed. The dust removing cylinder 121 is a cylindrical body that can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise when observed from the upper surface direction, and is a hollow body having a mesh-like side surface.

FIG. 8 shows a state where the dust removal cylinder 121 is rotated when running water is flowing through the U-shaped groove. From the upstream side of the U-shaped groove, dust 131 such as fallen leaves flows along with running water as described above. Among these dusts 131, particularly those that flow in the central region of the U-shaped groove 103 are in contact with the side surface of the dust removing cylinder 121 and are temporarily attached to the side surface under the force of flowing water. Then, when the position of the dust removal cylinder 131 moves in accordance with the rotation of the dust removal cylinder 131 and comes to a position close to the side surface of the U-shaped groove 103, it is peeled off from the side surface of the dust removal cylinder 121 by the flowing water. The The separated debris 131 is moved with running water in the region near the side surface of the U-shaped groove and moves with the discharged water from the downstream end of the U-shaped groove 103. That is, the dust 131 that flows in the central region of the U-shaped groove 103 and before the slit plate 104 adheres to the side surface of the dust removing cylinder 121 and is moved toward the side surface of the U-shaped body. The dust flowing in front of the slit plate 104 can be removed. In order to obtain such an effect, the rotation speed of the dust removing cylinder 121 may be moderate, and it is not preferable to rotate the dust removal cylinder 121 at such a speed as to greatly change the water flow.

The dust removing cylinder 121 shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 shows an aspect using a cylindrical cylinder having a circular cross section, but the shape of the dust removing cylinder in the present invention is not limited to this. It is not something. The cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical body is such that the dust flowing from the upstream direction and contacting the side surface of the cylindrical body is rotated with the dust attached to the side surface to move the position of the dust, and then before it comes to the front of the slit plate Any shape may be adopted as long as it can prevent the dust from flowing into the slit plate by peeling the dust by the force of flowing water and flowing along the side surface of the U-shaped groove. . For example, it may be a cylinder whose cross section is a triangle or a quadrilateral or more polygon.

The reason why the side surface of the dust removing cylinder 121 is formed of a mesh-like hollow body is that the flow of running water in the U-shaped groove 103 is not greatly changed. In other words, when any obstacle is placed in the flow of flowing water, the flowing direction of the flowing water is divided into right and left with the obstacle as the boundary, and further, it forms a swirl with the flowing water that flows straight outside. . Then, when the water flow is observed in the longitudinal section of the U-shaped groove in the vicinity of the obstacle, the water flow is not uniform across the side surface of the U-shaped groove. The flowing water to be obtained cannot be accurately collected at a ratio obtained from the inner diameter width dimension of the slit plate with respect to the inner diameter width dimension of the U-shaped groove.
In contrast, the dust removal cylinder in the present invention has a mesh-like side surface and is hollow, so that most of the running water passes through the mesh of the dust removal cylinder and passes through the inside of the cylinder. Since it can flow, the flow direction is not greatly changed by the presence of the dust removing cylinder.

Specific members for forming the side surface of the dust removal cylinder in a mesh shape include, but are not limited to, a wire mesh, a mesh sheet, a punching metal sheet, and the like. Unless it deviates from the gist of changing the direction in which the dust flows by changing the direction in which the dust flows by re-adhering the dust in the running water without rotating the water flow contacting the dust removal cylinder You may select and use a member suitably. The size of the mesh is preferably 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or more and 8 mm or less, and further preferably 4 mm or more and 6 mm or less. If the size of the mesh is less than 1 mm, it tends to be subject to water resistance, and there is a risk that flowing water will not flow smoothly through the mesh. On the other hand, if the size of the mesh exceeds 10 mm, dust having a size that causes clogging of the slit plate may pass through the mesh, pass through the dust removing cylinder 121, and flow into the slit plate.

The means for rotating the dust removing cylinder is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known means can be selected and appropriately designed and implemented. In particular, since the measuring device of the present invention is implemented outdoors, it may be rotated by a motor using a battery or the like.
The dust removal cylinder 121 in the apparatus 101 of FIG. 7 shown as an embodiment of the present invention includes a drive core 124 at the center in the length direction, and the drive core 124 and the side surface of the dust removal cylinder 121 are the same. The top plate 122 is connected. Further, the dust removal cylinder 121 includes a support 123 that extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the drive core 124 and has a length that is at least as long as between the side surfaces of the U-shaped groove 103. In the vicinity of the center of the support 123, the drive core 124 is rotatably pivoted, and both ends of the support 123 are hung on the upper side surface of the U-shaped groove 103 so that the dust removal cylinder 121 is suspended. Can be supported. For this reason, the dust removal cylinder 121 can be smoothly rotated.
On the other hand, the drained drainage water 107 is dropped downward from the downstream end of the U-shaped groove 103, and a water wheel 126 is provided at a position in contact with the drainage drainage 107. The water wheel 126 is connected to the drive core 124 by a torque transmission member 125.

As the torque transmission member 125, any conventionally known member may be used as long as the rotation of the water wheel 126 can be transmitted to the drive core 124 and the drive core 124 can be rotated. For example, a flexible shaft can be given as a typical example. In addition, a plurality of bevel gears and universal joints can be connected in series to form a flexible torque transmission member as a whole.

According to the said aspect, when the drainage water 107 contact | abuts to the wing | blade part of the watermill blade 126, the waterwheel blade 126 rotates in the arrow direction in drawing. This rotational force is transmitted to the drive core 124 by the torque transmission means. As a result, the drive core 124 rotates, and the dust removing cylinder 121 connected to the drive core 124 via the top plate 122 also rotates. Therefore, the dust removal cylinder 121 can be rotated without using any energy such as electric power. In addition, the dust removal cylinder 121 needs to rotate only when flowing water flows out of the measurement target area due to rain or the like during the measurement period, and the flowing water flows into the U-shaped groove 103. In order to perform the above rotation, human management and work such as turning on the switch are required each time. However, as described above, when the drainage water 107 comes into contact with the water wheel 126, it is automatically With this mode in which the dust removal cylinder 121 rotates, the dust removal cylinder 121 can be rotated without requiring any management only when rotation is necessary.

Hereinafter, examples according to the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the examples shown below, and the basic structure of the measurement device, for example, the number of measurement chambers, dimensions, window portions, etc. The shape and number may be appropriately determined depending on the area of the measurement target region, the measurement period, the monthly rainfall amount, and the like. Further, in conjunction with the above embodiment, the effect of adding the surfactant, the experiment for confirming the separation ratio of the slit plate, and the dust removal effect of the dust removal apparatus will be described. The addition of the surfactant, the slit plate, and the dust removing device are not necessarily used, but the effects described above can be obtained by adopting any one or two types of combinations or all of them in the measuring device of the present invention. Is obtained.

Example 1
A box made of a stainless steel plate having a thickness of 1.5 mm and having a rectangular cross section and an entire upper surface opened. The box has a height of 44 cm, the rectangle has a long side of 70 cm, and a short side of 30 cm. A partition plate substantially parallel to the side surface is provided at a position of 25 cm, 35 cm, and 60 cm from one side surface in the length direction, and the first preparative measurement chamber, the second preparative measurement chamber, A 3 preparatory measurement room and a final measurement room were constructed. Then, on the side of the box facing the first measurement chamber, a total of 29 elongated windows 1 having a height of 10 cm and a width of 1.5 cm were cut by cutting the side of the box. Similarly, a total of 10 elongated windows 2 having a height of 12 cm and a width of 1 cm are formed on the side surface of the second preparatory measurement chamber, and the height is 13 cm on the side surface of the third preparative measurement chamber. A total of four elongated window portions 3 having a width of 1 cm were formed, and one elongated window portion 4 having a height of 14 cm and a width of 1 cm was formed on the side surface of the final measurement chamber in order to prevent backflow. Moreover, the window part 1 thru | or the window part 4 are formed, aligning the height position of the upper surface, the bottom face of the window part 1 is a position 30 cm from the bottom face of the box, and the bottom face of the window part 2 is from the bottom face of the box. The design was such that 28 cm, the bottom of the window 3 was 27 cm from the bottom of the box, and the bottom of the window 4 was 26 cm from the bottom of the box.

  Next, a connecting port was formed in each partition plate that cut through each preparative measurement chamber. In the partition plate between the first preparative measurement chamber and the second preparative measurement chamber, the connection port 1 having the same shape as the window portion 1 and the same height position is arranged at the center of the partition plate in the width direction. Formed. Similarly, one connecting port 2 having the same shape as the window portion 2 and the same height position is formed on the partition plate between the second preparative measurement chamber and the third preparative measurement chamber. The partition plate between the preparative measurement chamber and the fourth preparative measurement chamber is formed with one connecting port 3 having the same shape as the window 3 and the same height as the outlet of the final measurement chamber. One window portion 4 having the same shape as the window portion 3 and having a height position lowered by 1 cm from the connection port 3 was formed on the side surface. Finally, a plate was installed to cover the upper surfaces of the second preparative measurement chamber to the third preparative measurement chamber and the final measurement chamber, and the outflow soil measurement dredging of the present invention was formed as the top plate of each measurement chamber.

Next, using the outflow sediment measuring dredger, the outflow sediment measuring apparatus of the present invention was formed as follows to obtain Example 1. A schematic diagram of Example 1 is shown in FIG. In FIG. 9, the outflow sediment measuring pad is denoted by reference numeral 203.
In order to form Example 1, farmland 5.2ha was designated as a measurement target region, and a drainage channel for collecting all the flowing water flowing out from the region was provided. Then, a U-shaped groove 201 having a water channel width of 80 cm and a depth of 80 cm was installed as a water supply channel in connection with the drainage channel. Then, a slit plate 202 having a slit width of 1 cm is installed at a substantially central portion in the width direction of the U-shaped groove 201 in the downstream region of the U-shaped groove 201, and approximately 1/80 of running water flowing in the U-shaped groove 201 is slit plate 202. Designed to be sorted into The slit plate 202 was formed by fixing a plate member made of stainless steel having a length of 60 cm, a width of 60 cm, and a height of 60 cm facing each other so that the distance between the surfaces becomes 1 cm.

Finally, the outflow sediment measuring device 203 is formed by installing the outflow sediment measuring gutter 203 at a position where the flowing water separated by the slit plate 202 is poured into the first preparative measurement chamber, and this is taken as Example 1. .

In addition, in order to compare the total amount of earth and sand contained in the flowing water from the measurement target area, which is fractionated and measured in Example 1 and calculated based on the measured amount, the measured value is a U-shaped groove. Of the flowing water flowing through 201, the discharged water 205 that has not been separated into the slit plate 202 and the discharged water 206 discharged from the outflow sediment measuring basin 203 are received, and the comparatively particle size contained in the discharged water is received. In order to install a sedimentation basin 207 for precipitating large earth and sand, and to measure the flow rate and turbidity of the flowing water flowing out from the drainage channel 210 provided in the sedimentation basin 207, a flow meter 208 and turbidity are provided in the downstream area of the drainage channel 210. A total of 209 was installed.

Then, the actual measured value of the spilled sediment was measured by adding the measured value of the amount of sediment deposited on the sediment slag measuring basin 203 and the sedimentation basin 207 and the amount of sediment measured by the turbidimeter 209.

The amount of sediment flowing out from the measurement target area is measured using the first embodiment and the device that actually measures the amount of sediment discharged. Measurement is from August 27 to October 5 (40 days) in measurement period 1, October 6 to November 2 (28 days) in measurement period 2, November 3 to December 3 (31) Day) was measured with measurement period 3, December 4 to January 7 (35 days) as measurement period 4, and January 8 to February 5 (29 days) as measurement period 5. A rain gauge 211 was installed adjacent to the apparatus of Example 1, and the rainfall during the measurement period was measured simultaneously.
Rainfall and rainfall coefficient during the period, runoff rate runoff rate, total runoff sediment calculation value [1], total runoff sediment measurement value [2] and calculation value [1] and actual measurement value [2] in Example 1 The ratio is shown in Table 2. FIG. 10 is a graph in which the ratio between the calculated value [1] and the actually measured value [2] is on the vertical axis and the rainfall coefficient in each measurement period is on the horizontal axis.

The rainfall coefficient is an index that correlates with the amount of runoff of cultivated soil caused by rainfall, defined by an empirical formula (USLE: Universal Soil Loss Equation) that predicts globally recognized sediment runoff. Is done.
(Equation 2) [Rainfall coefficient] = [Cumulative sum of rainfall energy of a series of rainfalls (indicator of sediment removal by raindrops and surface water) x [maximum 60-minute rainfall intensity] / 100 (2)
The runoff rate means the ratio of the amount of water that does not penetrate the ground and flows out of the ground surface with respect to the rainfall, and is calculated from the flow rate measured by the flow meter 208 with respect to the rainfall.

As shown in Table 2, from the results of this measurement, the total amount of sediment flowing out from the measurement target area during the entire measurement period was 3641 kg, whereas the total amount of sediment discharged in Example 1 was 3440 kg. there were. Therefore, the calculated value was 94% with respect to the actually measured value, that is, the calculated value was shown with an error of 6%.
In order to see this measurement result in more detail, FIG. 10 shows a graph in which the ratio of the calculated value to the actual measurement value for each measurement period and the rainfall coefficient are plotted. According to FIG. 10, in the runoff sediment measuring apparatus of the present invention, if the rainfall coefficient for each measurement period is 30.0 or more, the ratio of the calculated value to the actual measured value is about 80% or more, and the measurement error due to the calculation is ± 20%. It was shown that the amount of sediment discharged from the measurement area can be measured with an accuracy of within.
On the other hand, during the measurement period with a rainfall coefficient of less than 30.0, the measurement error was shown to be as large as 20% or more. However, even in areas where soil erosion is a problem, the amount of sediment runoff is small during the period when the coefficient of rainfall is as low as less than about 30%. It is only a few% of the amount of sediment. Therefore, in long-term measurements, a measurement error of several percent during periods with low rainfall has little effect on observation accuracy over the entire measurement period. As a result, even in this measurement test, which was conducted from September to January when the rainfall was relatively low, it was possible to measure with an accuracy of about 94% during the entire observation period. From this, it was suggested that the runoff sediment measurement device of the present invention functions very effectively, especially in long-term observation in a rainy environment where soil erosion is a problem.

It is a perspective view which shows one Embodiment of the outflow earth and sand measuring rod of this invention. It is an upper notch perspective view of the outflow sediment measuring apparatus shown in FIG. It is XX sectional drawing of the outflow sediment measuring apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view which shows one Embodiment of the outflow sediment measuring apparatus of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows one Embodiment of the water supply path in the outflow sediment measuring apparatus of this invention, and a sorting path. It is the perspective view which shows an example of a slit board, and YY sectional drawing of this slit board. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows one Embodiment of the outflow sediment measuring apparatus of this invention. It is a top view which shows one Embodiment of the outflow sediment measuring apparatus of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the Example of this invention. It is the graph which plotted the ratio of the calculated value measured using Example 1 with respect to an actual value, and the relationship between a rainfall coefficient.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outflow earth and sand measuring bowl 2 1st preparatory measurement room 3 2nd preparative measurement room 4 3rd preparative measurement room 5 Final measurement room 6, 7, 8 Window part 9, 11, 13 Connecting wall 10, 12, 14 station Contact 15 Inlet 16, 17, 18 Top plate 19 a, 19 b, 19 c, 19 d Discharge port 101 Sediment measurement device 102 Drainage pipe 103 U-shaped groove 104 Slit plate 105 Flowing water introduction path 106 Prepaid water 107 Drained water 111 Support stand 121 Dust removal cylinder 122 Top plate 123 Support 124 Drive core 125 Torque transmission means 126 Turbine blade 131 Waste

Claims (4)

From the first preparatory measurement chamber, the nth (where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2) th preparative measurement chamber and the (n + 1) th final measurement chamber are connected in ascending order via a connection port. Configured,
Each of the first to nth measurement chambers has a plurality of windows on each side, and the first measurement chamber has an inlet on its upper surface. Have
The window is provided with the same shape and the same height in one preparative measurement chamber, and the position of the bottom of the window is lowered every ascending order in the relationship between adjacent preparative measurement chambers. And also
The above-mentioned connecting port formed between adjacent preparative measurement chambers or between the nth preparative measurement chamber and the (n + 1) th final measurement chamber is a window provided on the side surface of the measurement chamber having the smaller order Sediment measurement gutter characterized by having the same shape and height position. A runoff sediment measurement device using the runoff sediment measurement dredge according to claim 1,
A water channel for flowing water collected from the measurement target area;
A sorting channel capable of sorting the flowing water fed through the above-mentioned channel at a certain rate;
The outflow sediment measuring dredger according to claim 1,
At least,
The outflow sediment measuring apparatus, wherein the entire amount of the collected water separated by the sorting channel is guided to the first sorting measurement chamber in the outflow sediment measuring tank. At least an upstream end of the sorting channel is provided in a downstream region of the water supply channel, and
Before the end on the upstream side of the sorting channel, the side surface of the dust removing cylinder is installed in a posture in which the side surface of the dust removing cylinder is upright. The outflow sediment measuring apparatus of Claim 2 characterized by these. A water wheel is provided at a position where it comes into contact with the drained water after a part of it is separated from the flowing water flowing through the water supply channel by a certain ratio by the sorting channel,
On the other hand, a drive core that is connected to at least a part of the cylinder and that transmits rotational power to the dust removal cylinder is provided inside the cylinder for dust removal, and
The outflow sediment measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the water wheel and the drive core are connected by a torque transmission member capable of transmitting the rotational power of the water wheel.

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