JP2008248830A - Compound turbine system and hot water power generation device using same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low cost miniaturized efficient compound turbine system without leak of working fluid by storing a turbine, a generator, and a working fluid pump into a sealed vessel after integrating the same, and to provide a hot water power generation device using the compound turbine system. <P>SOLUTION: This compound turbine system comprises a turbine 4 converting thermal energy of working fluid to mechanical energy, a generator 7 converting mechanical energy generated by the turbine to electrical energy, and a pump 1 for circulating working fluid. The turbine and the generator are connected by a shaft 4b for rotating the same as one body. A one-way clutch 4c is installed on a predetermined position of the shaft. The generator and the pump are connected by a shaft 1b for rotating the same as one body. A transmission 1C for adjusting flow rate of working fluid is installed on a predetermined position of the shaft. All components are stored in the sealed vessel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a combined turbine system and a hot water power generator using the same.

  The use of natural energy and waste heat is expected as one of the important solutions as global environmental problems and energy problems become more serious. When using waste heat, temperature difference power generation that generates electricity by turning the turbine using the pressure difference in the evaporation and condensation processes using a working fluid such as ammonia, chlorofluorocarbon, carbon dioxide, ammonia / water mixed medium, or propane as a medium Research and development has been conducted on the system.

  For example, Patent Document 1 describes a power generation method and power generation equipment using high temperature waste water. This power generation method and power generation equipment / current turbine structure will be described below.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic process diagram showing an example of the power generation facility. In FIG. 5, 21 is a heat exchanger, 22 is a stratified heat storage tank, 23 and 24 are circulation pumps, 31 is a carina cycle, 32 is an evaporator, 33 is a turbine, 34 is a heat exchanger, 35 is a separator, 36 is A condenser, 37 is a receiver tank, and 38 is a pump.

  Next, the operation of this power generation facility will be described. The high-temperature waste water 25 discharged intermittently is introduced to the heating side of the heat exchanger 21, and the low-temperature liquid 28 supplied from the lower layer of the heat storage tank 22 by the pump 23 is supplied. It introduces into the to-be-heated side of the heat exchanger 21 for heat exchange, and introduces and stores the high-temperature liquid 27 obtained into the upper layer of the heat storage tank 22. In the heat storage tank 22, the high-temperature liquid gradually increases while the high-temperature drainage 25 is introduced into the heat exchanger 21 and heat exchange is performed with the low-temperature liquid 28. And if introduction of high temperature drainage 25 stops, pump 23 will be stopped and inflow to a heat storage tank will be stopped.

  As the high-temperature wastewater drained intermittently, when molten slag obtained from combustion residues generated when incinerated waste or blast furnace slag discharged from a blast furnace is poured into water to form granulated slag There is high temperature drainage that occurs. In the heat storage tank 22, a high-temperature liquid is stored in the upper layer portion. Therefore, the high-temperature liquid 29 is quantitatively drawn by the pump 24 and introduced into the evaporator 32 of the binary cycle 31.

  In the binary cycle 31, the ammonia water entering the evaporator 32 is heated by the high-temperature liquid 29 introduced into the evaporator 32 and introduced into the separator 35 as a mixed vapor of ammonia-water. The hot liquid 29 is cooled by supplying heat to the ammonia water in the evaporator, and is introduced into the lower layer portion of the stratified heat storage tank 22 and circulated.

  In the separator 35, gas separation is performed, and the separated ammonia vapor is supplied to the turbine 33 to generate power. Exhaust gas from the turbine 33 was condensed to a low pressure by the ammonia water separated by the separator 35 being condensed by the ammonia water after passing through the heating side of the heat exchanger 34 and being used for preheating the working fluid. Thereafter, the condenser 36 is further cooled by cooling water to condense and condense. The condensed ammonia water is stored in the receiver tank 37, preheated by the pump 38 through the heated side of the heat exchanger 34, and then introduced into the evaporator 32.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of a steam turbine for a power generation system that uses a mixed medium of ammonia / water as a working fluid. FIG. 6A is a plan view, and FIG. 6B is a front view.

The working fluid is introduced from the ammonia vapor inlet 46 and discharged from the ammonia vapor outlet 47. During this time, the blades in the steam turbine 46 are rotated, and the rotational force is transmitted to the generator 44 via the clutch coupling 45 to obtain desired electric power. Further, cooling water for cooling the bearing that supports the rotating shaft in the steam turbine is introduced from the cooling water inlet 48a and discharged from the cooling water outlet 48b.
JP 2000-199408 A

  However, in the power generation system according to Patent Document 1, a turbine, a generator, and a pump are separately arranged, have a relatively complicated structure, and a mixed liquid of ammonia / water that is a working fluid. Often leaks are a problem. On the other hand, the power generation system of FIG. 6 has a problem of leakage of working fluid from the coupling power shaft ground seal or the like because the steam turbine and the generator are connected to each other by a clutch coupling. For the ground seal, cooling water supply device for cooling the bearing and oil supply device for circulating the bearing, and auxiliary equipment such as an oil separator when oil is mixed The whole power generation system was complicated, large and expensive. In addition, the mixing of bearing circulation oil decreases the power generation efficiency, which causes a decrease in the reliability of the power generation system.

  The combined turbine system according to the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. After integrating the turbine / generator and the working fluid pump, the combined turbine system is put into a sealed container, so that the price is low. It is an object of the present invention to provide a safe and efficient combined turbine system that is miniaturized and has no leakage of working fluid, and a hot water power generator using the same.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention comprises the following configurations (1) to (5).

  (1) A turbine that converts thermal energy of working fluid into mechanical energy, a generator that converts mechanical energy generated by the turbine into electrical energy, and a pump for circulating the working fluid, The turbine and the generator are connected by a shaft for rotating them integrally, a one-way clutch is installed at a predetermined position of the shaft, and the generator and the pump rotate them integrally. A combined type, wherein the working fluid flow rate adjusting transmission is installed at a predetermined position of the shaft, and all the components are housed in a sealed container Turbine system.

  (2) At the start of operation of the combined turbine system, the one-way clutch is disengaged, and the working fluid starts to circulate by being rotated by the generator driven by an external power source, and thereafter The one-way clutch is automatically connected when the pressure difference of the working fluid at the entrance and exit of the turbine rises and reaches a pressure difference that gives a predetermined rotational speed to the generator. The combined turbine system according to claim 1.

  (3) The combined turbine system according to (1) or (2), wherein a rotational force generated in the turbine is used to drive the pump.

  (4) The cooling and lubrication of the bearing for supporting the shaft for connecting the turbine and the generator, and the bearing for supporting the shaft for connecting the generator and the pump are operated. (1) to (3), wherein the working fluid heated by the heat generated in the bearing is returned to the inlet of an evaporator installed outside the system by the pump or directly. The combined turbine system according to any one of the above.

  (5) A hot water power generator using the combined turbine system according to any one of (1) to (4).

  By having the above-described configuration, the present invention can provide an efficient combined turbine system that is small in size and has no leakage of working fluid, and a hot water power generator using the same.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

  A power generation system using hot water using the combined turbine system of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the entire power generation system. This power generation system is basically composed of the power generation apparatus main body 10 and the heat exchanger unit 20, and the system is constructed by connecting them with piping. The power generator main body 10 is divided into a combined turbine system 50, a separator 3, and a high-pressure receiver 6. Further, the combined turbine system 50 includes a turbine unit 4, a generator motor unit 7, and a working fluid pump unit 1. On the other hand, the heat exchanger unit 20 is divided into an evaporator 2 and a condenser 5. The combined turbine system 50 is unitized and is flanged with the Teflon (registered trademark) gaskets 15a and 15b interposed therebetween.

  FIG. 3 shows a schematic process diagram of the power generation system, and FIG.

  Next, the power generation state using the working fluid in the power generation system will be described in time series. In this embodiment, a mixed medium of ammonia and water (hereinafter referred to as “mixed medium”) is used as the working fluid.

  First, electric power is supplied to the motor generator unit 7 from the external power source 16, and this generator functions as a pump motor, and the pump starts driving. And about 65 degreeC warm water flows in into the warm water inlet of the evaporator 2, and the mixed medium of a working fluid is heated. Thereby, the working fluid is heated to about 60.5 ° C. and then introduced into the separator 3. The ammonia vapor from which the liquid component has been separated by this separator is introduced into the turbine section 4 of the combined turbine system 50, and the rotor blades of the turbine section are rotated. When the rotational speed reaches a predetermined rotational speed for the generator to function, the one-way clutch 7c is coupled, and the mechanical rotational force causes the generator 7 located at the lower part of the turbine section to be required. Generate power. The generated electric power is DC-converted by the converter of the power generation controller and charged in the battery. Further, after being converted into a predetermined AC voltage by the inverter, it is supplied to the outside through a CGS circuit in cooperation with an external commercial power source.

  The working fluid used to rotate the turbine is introduced into the condenser 5 of the heat exchange unit 20. A cold water inlet is led to the condenser from the outside of the system, and after the ammonia vapor of the working fluid is condensed, the condenser is fed into the high-pressure receiver 6. As described above, this is due to the action of the working fluid pump driven by the rotational force of the turbine. The temperature at the cold water inlet of the evaporator is about 25 ° C., and the temperature at the cold water outlet is about 30 ° C. The liquefied working fluid flows into the evaporator 2 through the working fluid pump 1. The ammonia water after the ammonia vapor is generated in the separator 3 is also introduced into the evaporator.

  In this way, a predetermined power can be obtained by repeating the circulation in which the sealed mixed medium is heated and then cooled. And for this power generation, hot water of about 65 ° C. obtained at a hot spring or the like can be used, and ordinary cold water of about 25 ° C. (for example, tap water or river water) may be used in the condenser. Therefore, an extremely simple power generation system can be constructed. When hot water is hot spring water, about 45 ° C of hot water discharged for power generation can be reused for bathing and the like, and it is a highly efficient coordination system when viewed comprehensively.

  Next, the details of the structure of the combined turbine system 50 of the present application will be described below.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a combined turbine system. The combined turbine system includes a turbine unit 4, a generator motor unit 7, and a pump unit 1.

  The generator and the turbine are integrated, and it has a structure that increases mechanical efficiency and is small and light. A one-way clutch 4c is arranged between the turbine and the generator, and has a structure that is automatically connected when the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the turbine rises and power generation conditions are reached. As a result, the turbine system can be downsized and have high control characteristics.

  Next, the generator motor unit 7 and the pump unit 1 are also integrated, and the shaft power of the turbine is directly connected to drive the pump for efficiency. A transmission 1c is installed between the generator and the working fluid pump. The transmission installed in the generator and the working fluid pump, or the flow control valve that changes it, adjusts the circulating amount of the working fluid, responds to the power load, and changes in the heat source of hot and cold water supplied to the evaporator and condenser To control the optimal flow rate.

  Furthermore, the generator rotor, turbine, and pump are integrally housed in a completely closed manner, there is no leakage of working fluid, and stable operation (unmanned operation by automatic operation) is possible over a long period of time. This improves the safety of the turbine system. In addition, the generator, turbine, and pump are unitized and can be optimally combined with hot and cold water conditions. Each unit can be easily disassembled and assembled, the weight of the unit can be kept low, and a package type that can be moved and installed manually.

  The combined turbine system has a structure in which the working fluid of the system circulates around a bearing for supporting a rotating shaft in the system. That is, the working fluid is circulated outside the stator portion of the generator, the bearing is cooled and lubricated, and the working fluid is preheated and circulated in the system by receiving heat from the bearing. Become. As a result, the cooling of the bearing is efficiently performed and a power generation system with high thermal efficiency is obtained.

In the above embodiment, the system using ammonia / water as the working fluid has been described. However, according to the temperature level and flow rate of the hot water heat source, ammonia pure substances and CO ₂ pure substances conventionally used in temperature difference power generation systems. Alternatively, a CO ₂ mixed fluid may be used.

  Further, FIG. 2 of the above embodiment shows a power generation system using the combined turbine system of the present application. Depending on the temperature level and flow rate of the hot water heat source, a temperature difference power generation such as Rankine cycle, Carina cycle or Uehara cycle is conventionally performed. You may comprise the electric power generation system adapted to the cycle used for the system.

  As described above, it is possible to realize a turbine system that is small in size and has no leakage of working fluid.

Sectional view of the combined turbine system of the embodiment Block diagram of a power generation system using the combined turbine system of the embodiment Schematic process diagram of power generation system using composite turbine system of embodiment The figure which shows the specification of the principal part of the electric power generation system using the combined turbine system of an Example. Schematic process diagram showing a power generation system using conventional high-temperature wastewater External view showing an example of a power generation system using a working fluid of a conventional example

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Working fluid pump part 1a Pump impeller 1b Shaft 1c Transmission 2 Evaporator 3 Separator 4 Turbine part 4a Turbine blade 4b Shaft 4c One-way clutch 5 Condenser 6 High pressure receiver 7 Generator motor part 7a Generator rotor 7b Generator stator 8 Bearing 9 Power terminal box 10 Power generator main body 11 Steam inlet 12 Nozzle 15a, 15b Gasket 16 External power supply 20 Heat exchanger unit 21 Heat exchanger 22 Stratified heat storage tank 23, 24 Circulation pump 25 High temperature drain 26 Low temperature drain 27, 29 High temperature liquids 28, 30 Low temperature liquid 31 Binary cycle 32 Evaporator 33 Turbine 34 Heat exchanger 35 Separator 36 Condenser 37 Receiver tank 38 Pump 39 Generator 43 Steam turbine 44 Generator 45 Clutch coupling 46 Ammonia vapor inlet 47 Ammonia Steam outlet 4 a cooling water inlet 48b cooling water outlet 48c ground leakage 48d exhaust casing drain 50 composite turbine system

Claims (5)

A turbine that converts the thermal energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy;
A generator for converting mechanical energy generated by the turbine into electrical energy and a pump for circulating the working fluid;
The turbine and the generator are connected by a shaft for integrally rotating them, and a one-way clutch is installed at a predetermined position of the shaft,
The generator and the pump are connected by a shaft for rotating them integrally, and a transmission for adjusting the flow rate of the working fluid is installed at a predetermined position of the shaft,
A combined turbine system characterized in that all the components are housed in a sealed container. At the start of operation of the combined turbine system,
The one-way clutch is disengaged, and the working fluid starts to circulate when the pump is rotated by the generator driven by an external power source.
Thereafter, the one-way clutch is automatically connected when the pressure difference of the working fluid at the entrance and exit of the turbine rises and reaches a pressure difference that gives a predetermined number of revolutions to the generator. The combined turbine system according to claim 1.   The combined turbine system according to claim 1, wherein a rotational force generated in the turbine is used to drive the pump.   The working fluid cools and lubricates the bearing for supporting the shaft for connecting the turbine and the generator, and the bearing for supporting the shaft for connecting the generator and the pump. 4. The composite type according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid heated by the heat generated in the bearing is returned to the inlet of an evaporator installed outside the system by the pump or directly. Turbine system.   A hot water power generator using the combined turbine system according to claim 1.

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