JP2008248210A - Liquid crystal-displaying element and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal element capable of improving thermal and dynamic stability and lowering driving electric voltage. <P>SOLUTION: This polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystalline (meth)acrylate, a non-liquid crystalline (meth)acrylate and a ferroelectric liquid crystal is obtained by curing the above acrylates by ultraviolet light exposure while impressing bi-polar pulse wave. It is preferable that the non-liquid crystalline (meth)acrylate is the non-liquid crystalline acrylate showing a low anchoring power to the low molecular weight liquid crystal. The liquid crystalline (meth)acrylate is preferably any of a single functional liquid crystalline acrylate or a polyfunctional liquid crystalline acrylate, and at least any one of them is contained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element that can be driven by an active element and a method for manufacturing the same.

As a technique for stabilizing liquid crystal alignment using a polymer, a technique for stabilizing the alignment polymer by adding a photocurable monomer to twisted nematic liquid crystal and irradiating with light is disclosed (Non-patent Document 1). reference). The nematic liquid crystal described in the cited document maintains the twisted structure before polymer stabilization even after photocuring, and by using a liquid crystalline monomer having a liquid crystal skeleton as the photocurable monomer, display The liquid crystal properties and orientation of the liquid crystal material are not lost.
The cited document shows an example of a polymer stable type liquid crystal element produced by adding a photocurable monomer to a twisted nematic liquid crystal host at a concentration of several percent and then irradiating with light without applying voltage. . Further, in the examples, voltage-dielectric constant characteristics when the liquid crystal monomer is changed by 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% are shown. According to this result, when the amount of liquid crystal monomer added increases, the saturation dielectric constant decreases, and a higher voltage needs to be applied in order to saturate, resulting in a higher drive voltage and a corresponding increase in device drive voltage. To do. This is a problem in putting a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal element into practical use.

  On the other hand, as an example of applying a polymer-stabilized twisted nematic liquid crystal to a TFT liquid crystal display element, a small amount of a photocurable liquid crystalline monomer is added and polymerized in the TFT liquid crystal display element, and alignment is performed by the action of the formed polymer. Has been disclosed (see Patent Document 1). However, in the cited document, although the response speed of the liquid crystal at the time of falling is improved, the above-described problem of the driving voltage is not solved.

In addition to the twisted nematic liquid crystal display mode in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element, a technique applied to an OCB (Optically Compensated Birefringence) mode has been proposed (see Non-Patent Document 2). The cited document discloses a technique in which liquid crystal molecules are dispersed in a photoreactive monomer, a desired bend alignment structure is obtained by applying an external electric field, and then the bend alignment is fixed by light irradiation. In the OCB mode, liquid crystal molecules are splayed in the initial state by applying a high voltage when starting up the display device. However, an alignment transition operation is required to change this to a bend alignment. By immobilizing with molecules, it is possible to display in the OCB mode simultaneously with the start-up of the display which does not require the alignment transition operation to the bend arrangement, thereby eliminating the disadvantages of the OCB mode.
In addition, liquid crystal molecules are fixed on a single substrate in a polymer liquid crystal matrix to fix the hybrid alignment, and the two substrates are bonded so that the homogeneous alignment portion on the substrate is in contact with each other to perform OCB mode vent alignment. A technique used for manufacturing liquid crystal display elements is disclosed (see Patent Document 2). In this case, a feature is that a vent orientation is formed without applying a voltage.
However, in the inventions disclosed in these cited references, the above-described problem of the driving voltage is not solved.

For polymer-stable ferroelectric liquid crystals (polymer-stable FLC), a technology that uses monomers together with FLC materials to stabilize the polymer by applying an electric field and irradiating ultraviolet rays while aligning the liquid crystal molecules in one direction. Has been proposed (see Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4).
Further, after injecting a liquid crystal composition containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal and a monofunctional liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate monomer into a liquid crystal cell, the composition is irradiated with ultraviolet rays at a temperature at which the composition exhibits a predetermined liquid crystal phase. A polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display element obtained by polymerizing a liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate monomer has been disclosed (see Patent Documents 3, 4, and 5). A novel function can be imparted by stabilizing the alignment of liquid crystal molecules, but the above-described OCB mode and the element using monofunctional liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate for the ferroelectric liquid crystal are good. Although it has the characteristics that it can obtain bent alignment and good halftone display, the heat resistance of the polymer obtained by polymerization of the monofunctional liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate monomer is not good, resulting in high temperature There was a problem that the reliability of was not good. Further, it is disclosed that when a polymer is stabilized by exposing to ultraviolet light in a smectic A phase and then cooled to a smectic C phase and phase-shifted, a halftone display proportional to the applied voltage becomes possible. There was a problem of high (refer patent document 3).

A polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display element using a polyfunctional liquid crystalline monomer that gives a polymer having higher heat resistance than a monofunctional liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate monomer is shown (see Patent Document 6). However, many polyfunctional liquid crystalline monomers have a liquid crystallinity as high as 80 ° C. or higher, and it is necessary to increase the temperature before the irradiation of ultraviolet rays for preparing a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal element. There is a problem that undesirable thermal polymerization is induced and the uniformity of liquid crystal alignment deteriorates. Further, since the liquid crystal is 60 to 95% by weight and the remainder is a network polymer, light scattering occurs in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal. This scattering causes the contrast of the display element using polarized light to be lowered. For this reason, there is a drawback that other means are required to improve contrast. Furthermore, compared with monofunctional liquid crystalline (meth) acrylates, polyfunctional liquid crystalline (meth) acrylates are less likely to interact with low molecular weight liquid crystals, although the thermal fluctuations of mesogenic groups are suppressed and the stability of polymer stabilization is increased. There is also a problem that the operation becomes high and the drive voltage becomes high. In a ferroelectric liquid crystal and liquid crystalline monofunctional acrylate system, a V-shaped voltage is obtained by applying UV light to the smectic C * phase while applying a ± 10 V 2 kHz triangular wave to stabilize the polymer. -It is disclosed that transmittance characteristics can be obtained, and halftone display is possible. In this case as well, the drive voltage is high and it is necessary to further increase the contrast for practical use. In addition, there was a problem that display contrast decreased due to zigzag alignment defects peculiar to ferroelectric liquid crystals and disorder of alignment of liquid crystal directors, but polymer stabilization was achieved by applying triangular wave alternating current. By doing so, zigzag alignment defects are eliminated. However, a reduction in contrast due to disorder in the alignment of the liquid crystal director remains as a problem.
JP 2005-10202 A JP 2003-248226 A JP-A-9-212462 JP-A-9-21463 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-21554 JP-A-6-194635 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Information Science Organic Materials 142nd Committee A Section (Liquid Crystal Materials) 91st Research Meeting Materials (pages 28-30) IEICE technical report, Vol. 95, (EID95-17), pp. 43-48, 1995 H. Furue, Japan Journal of Applied Physics (Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.), 36, L1517 (1997) H. Furue, Japan Journal of Applied Physics, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 37, 3417 (1998) Yoshio Miyazaki (Y. MIYAZAKI), Molecular Crystal and Liquid Crystal (Mol. Cryst. And Liq. Cryst.), 2001, Vol. 364, 491-499

  It is an object of the present invention to improve thermal and mechanical stability in a polymer stable liquid crystal display element, to enable halftone display in a display element using a ferroelectric liquid crystal, and Eliminating the effects of light scattering and alignment distortion caused by the combination of low-molecular liquid crystals, increasing the display contrast, reducing the driving voltage to a level where TFT (thin film transistor) driving is possible, and displaying on TFT-driven liquid crystal display elements An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer-stable liquid crystal display element capable of improving performance and a method for manufacturing the same.

In order to improve the thermal and mechanical stability in the composition for a polymer stable liquid crystal display element, a crosslinked polymer may be used using a bifunctional liquid crystal acrylate or the like. By using bifunctional liquid crystalline acrylates, the mesogenic groups are arranged in the polymer main chain, and both ends of the mesogenic groups are fixed by cross-linking, so there is little influence of thermal fluctuations and the reliability of alignment stabilization of low-molecular liquid crystals Will improve. On the other hand, however, the thermal fluctuation is reduced and the interaction with the low-molecular liquid crystal is increased. As a result, the anchoring force at the low-molecular liquid crystal / polymer interface that occurs when the orientation of the low-molecular liquid crystal is fixed. As a result, the driving voltage is increased and the driving voltage is increased. For this reason, there is a problem that it is difficult to drive the amorphous silicon TFT or the polysilicon TFT.
On the other hand, the polymer stable liquid crystal to which a small amount of monofunctional liquid crystalline acrylate is added is advantageous in terms of driving voltage, but lacks thermal stability and has poor reliability. This is due to the fact that the mesogenic groups bonded to the polymer main chain in a pendant manner are greatly fluctuated by heat and the orientation obtained in the initial state is disturbed. In addition, the orientation direction of the pendant mesogen group is easily changed by external heat and impact, and the reliability of polymer stabilization is lowered, resulting in a decrease in display contrast due to disordered orientation of low-molecular liquid crystals. . To increase the reliability of polymer stabilization, there is a method to increase the cross-linking density of the polymer chain to increase the glass transition temperature, etc., but at the same time the anchoring force between the low-molecular liquid crystal and the polymer increases. As a result, the drive voltage increases. In addition, increasing the volume ratio of the network polymer chain improves the thermal and mechanical stability of the polymer chain, but the refractive index of the polymer chain affects the refractive index distribution of the low-molecular liquid crystal in the display element. The contrast of the display is lowered by causing light scattering due to the difference in refractive index with the low-molecular liquid crystal. Further, the display contrast decreases due to light scattering, zigzag alignment defects peculiar to the ferroelectric liquid crystal, disorder of the alignment of the liquid crystal director, and the like. In order to improve the display contrast, it is necessary to eliminate the zigzag alignment defect by stabilizing the polymer and suppress the alignment disorder of the liquid crystal director.

  In order to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present application applied bipolar pulse waves to a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition containing liquid crystal (meth) acrylate, non-liquid crystal (meth) acrylate, and ferroelectric liquid crystal. Provided is a liquid crystal display element obtained by curing the acrylate by ultraviolet exposure while applying.

  The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element of the present invention is characterized by a low driving voltage and excellent thermal and mechanical stability. Further, since it can be driven by TFT, it is useful as a constituent member for plastic liquid crystal cells and the like.

An example of the present invention will be described below. The composition for a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element comprises a radically polymerizable compound contained therein polymerized by active energy rays such as heat or ultraviolet rays, and accordingly, phase separation from the liquid crystal composition or in the liquid crystal composition. It is used to obtain a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element which causes a dispersed state and is composed of a transparent polymer material and a liquid crystal composition.
This element is a liquid crystal element having an alignment control film and a liquid crystal layer between a substrate having a pair of electrode layers, wherein the liquid crystal layer contains at least a liquid crystalline polymer precursor and a non-liquid crystalline polymer precursor. Alignment direction of mesogenic group of liquid crystalline polymer precursor and non-liquid crystal containing photocured material of composition and ferroelectric liquid crystal material and no voltage is applied between a pair of electrode layers A liquid crystal display element in which the polymer is stabilized so that the major axis direction of the polymer main chain of the polymer precursor and the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material are aligned with the alignment direction of the alignment control film and become uniaxial alignment. , Ferroelectricity due to a polymer chain having a liquid crystalline skeleton, in which a photocured composition of a photocurable composition containing a liquid crystalline polymer precursor and a non-liquid crystalline polymer precursor is dispersed and contained in the liquid crystal layer Due to the alignment stabilization effect of the liquid crystal material, In the absence of alignment, the orientation of the major axis of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline polymer precursor or the major axis of the main chain of the non-liquid crystalline polymer precursor and the orientation direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material is uniform. When a voltage is applied, the orientation of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material is no longer the orientation of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline polymer precursor due to the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, and the ferroelectric changes due to the change in voltage. The property is such that the angle between the orientation direction of the liquid crystalline material and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline polymer precursor is continuously changed. For example, by arranging the element between two polarizing plates and changing the applied voltage, the amount of transmitted light can be controlled continuously, such as area gradation performed by a single element of ferroelectric liquid crystal. This enables halftone display proportional to the applied voltage without using any special means. The uniaxial alignment described above is a method using a polymer alignment film such as polyimide that has been rubbed to obtain a uniaxial alignment, a method using a photo-alignment film, a method using an external field such as an electric field or a magnetic field, the alignment film and the external field. It is obtained by exposing the ultraviolet ray to a state in which the long axes of the mesogenic groups and the polymer main chain are aligned and being stabilized by a method using a combination of and the like. At this time, it is important to perform polymerization in a state where the alignment distortion of the liquid crystal phase is as small as possible.
In the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display device formed in this way, the driving voltage and light scattering increase in proportion to the content of the polymer precursor added to the composition. When the content of the precursor is very small, the degree of increase in driving voltage is reduced, but the thermal and mechanical stability is poor. In order to increase the reliability, it is necessary to increase the content of the precursor, and at this time, an increase in driving voltage, a decrease in liquid crystal alignment, and the appearance of scattering properties become problems. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-222320 discloses the relationship of the following equation as an increase in the driving voltage as a description relating to the driving voltage of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element. The concept for the driving voltage of the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal element is the same as that of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element and is as follows.

(Vth represents a threshold voltage, ¹ Kii and ² Kii represent elastic constants, i represents 1, 2 or 3, Δε represents dielectric anisotropy, and <r> represents a transparent polymer substance. (Indicates the average gap distance of the interface, A indicates the anchoring energy of the transparent polymer substance with respect to the liquid crystal composition, and d indicates the distance between the substrates having transparent electrodes.)

  According to this, the driving voltage of the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element includes the average gap distance at the interface of the transparent polymer substance, the distance between the substrates, the elastic constant / dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition, and the liquid crystal composition. It is determined by the anchoring energy between transparent polymer materials. Among these, in general liquid crystal display elements, the driving voltage is determined by the cell thickness, the dielectric anisotropy, and the elastic constant, which is a unique factor in polymer stabilized liquid crystal display elements as in polymer dispersed liquid crystals. . It is the anchoring energy between the liquid crystal composition and the transparent polymer material. Therefore, also in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element, the area of the interface between the polymer and the liquid crystal is increased and the anchoring energy of the system is increased to increase the driving voltage. In other words, it means that when the content of the liquid crystalline polymer precursor is increased in the composition of the present invention, the driving voltage is increased. In order to reduce the increase in drive voltage and maintain a low drive voltage, the anchoring energy of the polymer constituting the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal may be lowered. For example, the effect of the polymerizable polymer precursor is to stabilize the uniaxial orientation of the low-molecular liquid crystal. On the other hand, the non-liquid crystalline polymer precursor serves to reduce an increase in driving voltage due to the polymerizable polymer by using the non-liquid crystalline polymer having a weak anchoring force with respect to the low molecular liquid crystal. By adjusting the composition by using a polymerizable liquid crystal polymer precursor and a non-liquid crystal polymer precursor used in the composition, the driving voltage, which is a problem, can be lowered while maintaining the reliability of polymer stabilization. it can. In order to reduce the energy of the non-liquid crystalline polymer precursor, a bifunctional monomer having an alkyl side chain may be used. In particular, the alkyl side chain preferably has 5 to 15 carbon atoms, and more preferably 8 to 13 carbon atoms. When the alkyl side chain is short, the anchoring energy is high, and when it is too long, the influence of the side chain is strong and the anchoring energy is high. Further, if a mesogenic group having a benzene ring or the like similar to a low-molecular liquid crystal is used as a side chain, the affinity with the low-molecular liquid crystal is increased and the anchoring energy is increased, which is not preferable. Furthermore, the distance between the alkyl side chains is also important, and is preferably 6 to 18 in terms of the number of carbon atoms. Although it depends on the liquid crystal composition to be used, if the distance between the alkyl side chains is narrow, the low-molecular liquid crystal is not preferred because it is vertically aligned at the polymer interface.

  The anchoring energy is determined by the balance between the intermolecular interaction that the side chain exerts on the low-molecular liquid crystal and the intermolecular interaction that the main chain exerts on the low-molecular liquid crystal. Be minimized. Furthermore, the distance between crosslinks of the polymer affects the thermal mobility of the polymer main chain. If the distance between crosslinks is short and the thermal mobility is low, the molecular interaction with the low-molecular liquid crystal is strong and the anchoring energy is increased. As the distance between crosslinks becomes longer, the thermal mobility of the polymer main chain increases and the fluctuation due to the heat of the main chain increases, and if the fluctuation force becomes larger than the intermolecular interaction force, it acts to cancel the intermolecular interaction Anchoring energy is reduced. However, if the distance between crosslinks is long, the polymerization rate of the polymer precursor is slowed, and the compatibility with the liquid crystal is lowered. As an index representing the thermal mobility of the polymer main chain, a polymer glass transition temperature is generally used.

  In the present invention, it is preferable to use a polymer precursor having a glass transition temperature of room temperature or lower for the purpose of lowering anchoring, and more preferably the glass transition temperature is 0 to -100 ° C. In addition, in order to lower the glass transition temperature, it is preferable to lower the glass transition temperature in order to improve mechanical stability. If the glass transition temperature is higher than room temperature, the polymer network structure that stabilizes the liquid crystal alignment with the polymer may be deformed or damaged due to deformation from the outside of the device, etc. . When the glass transition temperature is low, even if the network structure is deformed, the original orientation is restored by the elasticity of the network and the fixed orientation is maintained. That is, by adjusting the main chain length and side chain length of the liquid crystal composition and polymer precursor used in the present invention, and using a polymer precursor having a glass transition temperature of room temperature or lower, the driving voltage is low, A highly reliable polymer-stabilized liquid crystal element can be obtained. However, in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal, it is an important issue to stabilize the initial alignment at the time of manufacturing the liquid crystal display element.

  Light scattering is seen when the average gap interval falls within the range of the wavelength range of visible light, and scattering is strongest from about 500 nm to about 1500 nm. In the case of a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal, it is important to form it in the liquid crystal so as to avoid the network size of the network polymer from the above range. In order to reduce the thickness to 500 nm or less, a method using a phase separation process by spinodal decomposition, a method in which a UV polymerization rate is increased (a method by a UV polymerization process or a method by adjusting a polymer precursor composition), a low molecular liquid crystal, Examples include a method of polymerizing in a compatible state with almost no phase separation, and it is preferable to use these techniques effectively to form a fine network polymer that does not cause light scattering. When the polymer precursor is compatible with the low-molecular liquid crystal, it is possible to form a network polymer in a dispersed state in the low-molecular liquid crystal, and a fine structure at the molecular level can be obtained. preferable.

  However, when the polymerization microphase separation occurs minimally when the polymer precursor of the present invention is polymerized in the liquid crystal phase, the order of the alignment is not high, but the network polymer is aligned along the liquid crystal molecule director. Is observed with an electron microscope or the like. This is because when the precursor main chain is in contact with the liquid crystal, the precursor main chain tends to be aligned in the direction of the liquid crystal molecule director, and the alignment of the liquid crystal is fixed by polymerizing the precursor. However, when the concentration of the precursor is increased, the phase separation structure by spinodal decomposition or binodal decomposition that occurs in polymerization microphase separation is formed ignoring the alignment of the liquid crystal, so that the target liquid crystal alignment cannot be fixed. .

  The above-mentioned method may disturb the orientation of the low-molecular liquid crystal. In this case, the electric field, the orientation regulating force of the orientation film, the external magnetic field, etc. are used so as to obtain the desired stabilizing orientation. The external field can also be adjusted so as to obtain the target polymer-stabilized liquid crystal element. Furthermore, it is a copolymer of a polymerizable liquid crystal polymer precursor and a non-liquid crystal polymer precursor, and is applied with a regularity by applying the self-organization properties of mesogenic groups and self-organization based on hydrogen bonding groups. A certain periodic structure may be formed. If necessary to obtain desired characteristics, a structure in which fine polymer particles are dispersed in a low-molecular liquid crystal may be used. Thus, by using a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition composed of a liquid crystal polymer precursor and a non-liquid crystal polymer precursor, the driving voltage is low, halftone display is possible, and the reliability of polymer stabilization is reliable. In addition, a high-contrast liquid crystal display element having high properties and no light scattering can be obtained. However, when an alignment defect occurs, the display contrast decreases.

  In order to fix the alignment of the liquid crystal with an alignment film, etc. without alignment defects, in the case of a ferroelectric liquid crystal, the liquid crystal is cooled at least at a rate of about 2 ° C. per minute from the nematic phase and chiral smectic. It is preferable to make a phase transition to the C phase, and it is more preferable that the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell to be used is flat. This improves the generation of zigzag alignment defects generated in the chiral smectic C phase. It is necessary to apply the above-described alignment cell and alignment process to create a state with few alignment defects such as a nematic phase and a smectic phase, and to polymerize the polymer precursor in a network or dispersed state in the liquid crystal phase. However, it is difficult to completely eliminate alignment defects by the above-mentioned method. When liquid crystal molecules are polymerized while moving an electric field while applying an alternating current, the liquid crystals are aligned in the average alignment direction of the liquid crystal director, resulting in zigzag alignment. A uniaxially oriented element free from defects can be manufactured. When the cell produced by this method is viewed with a polarizing microscope, the zigzag alignment defect disappears, but the alignment disorder of the liquid crystal director is observed. This disorder in orientation causes the display contrast to decrease. When UV light is exposed to a liquid crystal while applying a waveform with a time-varying voltage such as a triangular wave or sine wave to the liquid crystal, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal director changes depending on the electric field during the polymerization of the polymer precursor, and the liquid crystal When there is a spatial distribution of the polymerization rate in the cell, or when there is a distribution in the change of the liquid crystal director direction during the polymerization process, the alignment is disturbed.

  In order to prevent this, the distribution of the change in the direction of the liquid crystal director during the polymerization process should be minimized, defined by the following equation:

(In the formula, τ represents the time when the amplitude takes the maximum value, and T represents the time of one cycle of the pulse wave.) When a bipolar pulse wave with a duty ratio D of 0.5 is applied, the electric field changes intermittently. Since the voltage is constant for a half period of the frequency, the distribution of the change in the direction of the director is smaller than that of other AC waveforms, and the disturbance of the orientation can be suppressed, and the display contrast is improved. The duty ratio may be changed from 0.3 to 0.7 as necessary, and the average direction of the director can be adjusted by the duty ratio.

  Furthermore, the frequency of the bipolar pulse wave needs to be applied at a high speed in order to obtain a uniaxially oriented polymer stabilizing element so that the average alignment direction of the liquid crystal director is the alignment direction of the alignment control film. There is. A low frequency of 500 Hz or less is not preferable because the polymer may be stabilized in the direction deviated from the alignment direction of the alignment control film or the disorder of the alignment may increase. A high frequency of 10 kHz or more is not preferable because the director of the liquid crystal cannot follow the alternating electric field and the zigzag alignment defect does not disappear. When the voltage is ± 15 V or more, the cause is not clear, but it is not preferable because the alignment may be disturbed by ionic impurities such as in the liquid crystal. Therefore, it is more preferable that a uniaxially oriented element without orientation defect is obtained by setting the frequency within a range of 500 Hz to 10 kHz at a voltage of ± 15 V or less.

  Furthermore, in order to avoid the light scattering due to the formation of the phase separation structure and the alignment defects induced by the formation of the network polymer, the liquid crystal is aligned in a state where the liquid crystal is aligned by reducing the content of the polymer precursor. It is preferable to adjust the content of the polymer precursor and the composition of the precursor so that a network polymer can be formed between the molecules. Further, in the case of photopolymerization, the UV exposure time, the UV exposure intensity, and the temperature are adjusted. It is preferable to adjust to form a network polymer so that there are no liquid crystal alignment defects. In order to obtain a desired liquid crystal alignment when polymerizing the polymer precursor in the composition, it has an alignment film subjected to a rubbing alignment process or a photo-alignment process such as a vertical alignment, a parallel alignment or an antiparallel alignment. A liquid crystal cell, a liquid crystal cell in which the upper and lower substrates are a vertical alignment film, or a combination of a vertical alignment film and a parallel alignment can be used. Furthermore, a twisted alignment obtained by applying an external field such as light, heat, voltage, magnetic field, bent alignment, splay alignment, parallel alignment, etc., or a liquid crystal alignment state that is difficult to obtain with only an alignment film, By polymerizing precursors, their alignment state can be fixed, and the target polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element can be obtained. For example, in the smectic phase, the alignment state in which the directors are aligned in a certain direction due to the external field is stabilized, or the excessive alignment state is fixed by polymerizing by switching and the desired polymer stabilized liquid crystal display An element can also be obtained.

The polymer precursor used in the present invention has arrived as a result of searching for a compound having a greater improvement effect as the polymer precursor as described above.
The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition used in the present invention contains liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate, non-liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate, and ferroelectric liquid crystal. Such a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition is obtained by curing the acrylate by ultraviolet exposure while applying a pulse wave.

  The two substrates of the liquid crystal cell can be made of a transparent material having flexibility such as glass or plastic, and one of them can be an opaque material such as silicon. A transparent substrate having a transparent electrode layer can be obtained, for example, by sputtering indium tin oxide (ITO) on a transparent substrate such as a glass plate.

  The color filter can be prepared by, for example, a pigment dispersion method, a printing method, an electrodeposition method, or a dyeing method. A method for producing a color filter by a pigment dispersion method will be described as an example. A curable coloring composition for a color filter is applied on the transparent substrate, subjected to patterning treatment, and cured by heating or light irradiation. By performing this process for each of the three colors red, green, and blue, a pixel portion for a color filter can be created. In addition, a pixel electrode provided with an active element such as a TFT, a thin film diode, or a metal insulator metal specific resistance element may be provided on the substrate.

  The said board | substrate is made to oppose so that a transparent electrode layer may become an inner side. In that case, you may adjust the space | interval of a board | substrate through a spacer. At this time, it is preferable to adjust so that the thickness of the light control layer obtained may be set to 1-100 micrometers. 2 to 10 μm is more preferable, and when a polarizing plate is used, it is preferable to adjust the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal and the cell thickness d so that the contrast is maximized. In addition, when there are two polarizing plates, the polarizing axis of each polarizing plate can be adjusted so that the viewing angle and contrast are good. Furthermore, a retardation film for widening the viewing angle can also be used. Examples of the spacer include glass particles, plastic particles, alumina particles, and a photoresist material. Thereafter, a sealant such as an epoxy thermosetting composition is screen-printed on the substrates with a liquid crystal inlet provided, the substrates are bonded together, and heated to thermally cure the sealant.

  As a method for sandwiching the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition between the two substrates, a normal vacuum injection method, an ODF method, or the like can be used. At this time, the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition only needs to be compatible with various liquid crystal compounds and the polymer precursor of the present invention, and is preferably in a uniform isotropic state or a nematic phase. In the smectic phase, handling during device fabrication becomes difficult.

  As a method for polymerizing the radically polymerizable compound, ultraviolet irradiation is suitable. As a lamp for generating ultraviolet rays, a metal halide lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, or the like can be used. Further, the wavelength of the ultraviolet rays to be irradiated is an absorption wavelength region of the photopolymerization initiator contained in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element composition, and a wavelength that is not the absorption wavelength region of the contained liquid crystal composition. It is preferable to irradiate ultraviolet rays in the region. Specifically, it is preferable to cut and use ultraviolet rays of 330 nm or less using a metal halide lamp, high-pressure mercury lamp, or ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, and cut ultraviolet rays of 350 nm or less. And more preferably used.

The intensity of the irradiated ultraviolet light can be adjusted as appropriate in order to obtain the desired light control layer, but it depends on the reactivity of the polymer precursor used, but is preferably 10 to 10,000 mJ / cm ² , 50 to 5000 mJ / cm ² is more preferred. The time for irradiation with ultraviolet rays is appropriately selected depending on the intensity of ultraviolet rays to be irradiated, but is preferably 10 to 600 seconds.

  The temperature at the time of ultraviolet irradiation is an important factor for stabilizing the desired initial alignment of the liquid crystal by determining the characteristics of the light control layer. In the case of fixing the isotropic phase state, a temperature slightly higher than the isotropic-nematic transition point of the composition for a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element is preferable, and specifically, the transition point +0.1 to 10 ° C. is preferable. The transition point + 0.1 ° C. to 3 ° C. is more preferable. In addition, the device can be manufactured at a temperature showing a nematic phase, a smectic phase, or a cholesteric phase.

  The alignment state of the liquid crystal to stabilize the polymer includes bend alignment, twist alignment, splay alignment, etc. found in smectic and nematic phases, multi-domains combining them, and monodomains with uniaxial alignment in multiple directions. Necessary orientation states such as arranged multi-domains can be mentioned. These alignment states can be achieved by changing the temperature, changing the voltage by applying an external electric field, or processing the alignment treatment direction of the polyimide alignment film or photo-alignment film existing at the substrate interface in one direction or multiple directions. It is preferable to align the liquid crystal, create the desired alignment state by various methods, and stabilize the polymer by ultraviolet exposure.

  The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element of the present invention is obtained by polymerizing the above-mentioned polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition by ultraviolet exposure while applying a pulse wave to form a polymer chain in the liquid crystal phase, thereby forming a low-molecular liquid crystal. The alignment state is stabilized. Such a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element is exposed to ultraviolet light while maintaining a desired alignment state by applying an external electric field to the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition or controlling the alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal by an alignment film. And can be obtained by polymerization.

  A specific example of the compound used in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition used in the present invention is shown below. The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition contains at least one polymerizable compound (I) represented by the following general formula (Ia) as a non-liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate, and as a liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate A ferroelectric liquid crystal containing at least one polymerizable compound (III) selected from the group consisting of the following general formulas (III-a), (III-b) and (III-c) has the following general formula ( II-a) or low molecular liquid crystal compound (II) represented by (II-b) and at least one chiral compound (IV) represented by general formula (IV-a) or (IV-b) What is contained is preferable.

<Polymerizable compound (I)>
The polymerizable compound (I) used in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition used in the present invention has the following general formula (Ia):

(In the formula (Ia), A ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
A ² represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are each independently an oxygen atom on the assumption that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other). , —CO—, —COO— or —OCO— may be substituted, and one or two or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are each independently substituted with a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group May be)
A ³ and A ⁶ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) Each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group are each independently a halogen atom or carbon. Which may be substituted with an alkyl group of 1 to 17 atoms).
A ⁴ and A ⁷ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other). Each independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group are each independently a halogen atom or a carbon atom. Which may be substituted with an alkyl group of the formula 1 to 9),
k represents 1 to 40;
B ¹ , B ² and B ³ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are The oxygen atoms may be independently substituted with oxygen atoms, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO— as those in which oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other), or the general formula (Ib)

(In formula (Ib), A ⁹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
A ⁸ is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are each independently an oxygen atom, assuming that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other). , —CO—, —COO— or —OCO— may be substituted, and one or two or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are each independently substituted with a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group Represents a group represented by: However, the number of 2 k + 1 B ¹ , B ^2, and B ³ that is the group represented by the general formula (Ib) is 0 to 3. )
The polymerizable compound represented by the formula (I) is a polymerizable compound (I) having a glass transition temperature of -100 ° C to 25 ° C of a polymerized product of the polymerizable compound.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the “alkylene group” is a divalent group “— (CH ₂ ) _n, wherein one hydrogen atom is removed from carbon atoms at both ends of an aliphatic linear hydrocarbon. -"(Where n is an integer of 1 or more), the substitution of a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom or an alkyl group, or a methylene group with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- If there is a substitution, this shall be specifically refused. Further, the “alkylene chain length” refers to n in the general formula “— (CH ₂ ) _n —” of the “alkylene group”.

  As a preferable structure of the polymerizable compound (I) represented by the general formula (Ia), the following general formula (Ic)

(In the formula (Ic), A ¹¹ and A ¹⁹ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
A ¹² and A ¹⁸ are each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) Each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are each independently a fluorine atom, Which may be substituted with a methyl group or an ethyl group)
A ¹³ and A ¹⁶ are each independently a linear alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the linear alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) And may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO-, or -OCO-).
A ¹⁴ and A ¹⁷ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) Each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group are each independently a halogen atom or carbon. Which may be substituted with an alkyl group of 1 to 9 atoms).
A ¹⁵ represents an alkylene group having 9 to 16 carbon atoms (in the alkylene group, at least 1 to 5 methylene groups, one of the hydrogen atoms in the methylene group is independently 1 carbon atom) To one or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are each independently an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. , -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- may be substituted). ), A compound represented by the general formula (Id)

(In Formula (Id), A ²¹ and A ²² each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and a represents an integer of 6 to 22), a general formula (I- e)

(In Formula (Ie), A ³¹ and A ³² each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, b and c each independently represent an integer of 1 to 10, and d is an integer of 1 to 10) Represents
e represents an integer of 0 to 6; And a compound represented by formula (If)

(In formula (If), A ⁴¹ and A ⁴² each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and m, n, p and q each independently represents an integer of 1 to 10). 1 type or more chosen from the group which consists of a compound to be mentioned. Among these, it is preferable that the compound represented by Formula (Ic) is included.

As a preferable structure of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (Ic), both A ¹¹ and A ¹⁹ are preferably hydrogen atoms. Although the effect of the present invention is exhibited even in a compound in which these substituents A ¹¹ and A ¹⁹ are methyl groups, a compound in which a hydrogen atom is used is advantageous in that the polymerization rate becomes faster.

A ¹² and A ¹⁸ are preferably each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The distance between the two polymerizable functional groups can be adjusted by independently changing the length of the carbon number of A ¹² and A ¹⁸ and A ¹⁵ , respectively. The feature of the compound represented by the general formula (Ic) is that the distance between the polymerizable functional groups (distance between the crosslinking points) is long, but if this distance is too long, the polymerization rate becomes extremely slow. Therefore, there is an upper limit on the distance between the polymerizable functional groups. On the other hand, the distance between the two side chains of A ¹³ and A ¹⁶ also affects the mobility of the main chain. That is, if the distance between A ¹³ and A ¹⁶ is short, the side chains A ¹³ and A ¹⁶ will interfere with each other, resulting in a decrease in mobility. Accordingly, the distance between polymerizable functional groups of the compound represented by the general formula ^{(I-c) A 12,} A 18, and is determined by the sum of ^{A 15,} A rather than these lengthening the ^{A 12} and ^{A 18} It is preferable to lengthen ¹⁵ .

On the other hand, in the side chains A ¹³ , A ¹⁴ , A ¹⁶ and A ¹⁷ , it is preferable that the length of these side chains has the following aspect.

In the general formula (Ic), A ¹³ and A ¹⁴ are bonded to the same carbon atom of the main chain. When these lengths are different, the longer side chain is referred to as A ¹³ ( If the length and the length of ^{a 14} of a ¹³ are equal, one to one and ^{a 13).} Similarly, when the length of the length and A ¹⁷ of A ¹⁶ are different, if the length and the length of A ¹⁷ in the longer side chain of is referred to as A ¹⁶ (A ¹⁶ are equal, either the one and a ^16).

In the present application, such A ¹³ and A ¹⁶ are each independently a linear alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the linear alkyl group are oxygen As the atoms are not directly bonded to each other, each may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO-, or -OCO-).
Preferably, each independently a linear alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the linear alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other, Each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-).
More preferably, each independently a linear alkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the linear alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other). And each may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—.

  Since the side chain has higher mobility than the main chain, its presence contributes to improvement of the mobility of the polymer chain at low temperature, but as mentioned above, spatial interference occurs between the two side chains. On the contrary, motility decreases. In order to prevent such spatial interference between side chains, it is effective to increase the distance between the side chains and to shorten the side chain length within a necessary range.

Furthermore, for A ¹⁴ and A ¹⁷ , in the present application, each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group have an oxygen atom Each may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO— so that one or two or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group are each independently May be substituted with a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms).
Preferably, each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are independently represented as those in which oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other). An oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- may be substituted).
More preferably, they are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are independent as those in which oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other). May be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-).
More preferably, they are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are independent as those in which oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other). May be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO-, or -OCO-).

This A ¹⁴ and A ¹⁷ also, the possible length too long is not preferable for inducing the spatial interference between side chains. On the other hand, when A ¹⁴ and A ¹⁷ are alkyl chains having a short length, they can be side chains having high mobility and have a function of inhibiting the proximity of adjacent main chains. It is thought that it acts to prevent interference between polymer main chains, and it is thought that the mobility of the main chains is enhanced, and it is possible to suppress the anchoring energy from increasing at low temperature, and polymer stabilized liquid crystal display This is effective in improving the display characteristics in the low temperature region of the device.

A ¹⁵ located between the two side chains is preferably longer in terms of changing the distance between the side chains and increasing the distance between the crosslinking points to lower the glass transition temperature. However to come formula compatibility with the liquid crystal composition has too high a molecular weight (I-c) compounds represented by is reduced when A ¹⁵ is too long, and the polymerization rate slows down too phase separation The length is naturally set to an upper limit because of adverse effects on the length.

Therefore, in the present invention, A ¹⁵ represents an alkylene group having 9 to 16 carbon atoms (in the methylene group of at least 1 to 5 carbon atoms present in the alkylene group, one of the hydrogen atoms in the methylene group is Independently substituted with a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein one or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. And each may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—.

That is, in the present invention, the alkylene chain length of A ¹⁵ is preferably 9 to 16 carbon atoms. A ¹⁵ has a structure in which a hydrogen atom in an alkylene group is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms as a structural feature. The number of substitution of the alkyl group is 1 or more and 5 or less, preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 2 or 3 substitutions. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group to be substituted is preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 3.

  The compound represented by the general formula (Ia) is described in Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 30, pp 4985, Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp 681-684, and Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 34, pp217-225 and the like.

For example, in the general formula (I-c), Compound A ¹⁴ and A ¹⁷ are hydrogen, a compound having a plurality of epoxy groups, polymerizable acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having an active hydrogen reactive with epoxy groups It can be obtained by reacting with a compound to synthesize a polymerizable compound having a hydroxyl group and then reacting with a saturated fatty acid.
Furthermore, by reacting a compound having a plurality of epoxy groups with a saturated fatty acid, synthesizing a compound having a hydroxyl group, and then reacting with a polymerizable compound such as an acrylate chloride having a group capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group. Obtainable.

When the radically polymerizable compound is, for example, A ¹⁴ and A ^{17 in} the general formula (Ic) are alkyl groups and A ¹² and A ¹⁸ are methylene groups having 1 carbon atom, an oxetane group is selected. A method of reacting a compound having a plurality of compounds with a fatty acid chloride or a fatty acid capable of reacting with an oxetane group, and further reacting with a polymerizable compound having active hydrogen such as acrylic acid, a compound having one oxetane group, It can be obtained by a method of reacting a polyvalent fatty acid chloride or a fatty acid capable of reacting with an oxetane group, and further reacting with a polymerizable compound having active hydrogen such as acrylic acid.

In the case where A ¹² and A ¹⁸ in the general formula (Ic) are an alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms (propylene group; —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ —), a plurality of furan groups are used instead of the oxetane group. It can obtain by using the compound which has. Further, when A ¹² and A ¹⁸ in the general formula (Ic) are an alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms (butylene group; —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ —), a pyran group is used instead of the oxetane group. It can obtain by using the compound which has two or more.

<Low molecular liquid crystal compound (II)>
The low-molecular liquid crystal compound (II) used in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition of the present invention has the following general formula (II-a) or (II-b)

(In the formulas (II-a) and (II-b), R ¹ and R ² each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (the alkyl group or alkenyl group). 1 or 2 or more methylene groups present in the group may be each independently substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other).
C ¹ is a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, or a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group (of which 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted) Or a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a trifluoromethoxy group as a substituent.
C ² and C ³ are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridazine-3,6- Diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6 -Diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group or indane-2,5-diyl group (among these groups 1,4-phenylene group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, The 2,6-naphthylene group and indan-2,5-diyl group are unsubstituted or have one fluorine atom, chlorine atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group as a substituent. May have two or more.) Represent,
Z ¹ and Z ² are each independently a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH _2. CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CF ₂ O—, —OCF ₂ —, —COO— or —OCO— are represented,
X ¹ represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethyl group, an isocyanate group, or a cyano group,
n ¹ represents 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ¹ represents 2, a plurality of C ¹ and Z ¹ may be the same or different. )
It is compound (II) represented by these.

  The compound represented by the general formula (II-a) or (II-b) is specific in terms of a wide liquid crystal temperature range, nematic stability and compatibility in a low temperature range, a high dielectric constant, and a high specific resistance value. The compounds represented by the following general formula (Va), general formula (VI-a), general formula (VI-b), general formula (VII-a) and general formula (VII-b) Is preferred.

<Compound represented by formula (Va)>

(In the formula (Va), R ¹¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylenes present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). The group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other),
C ¹¹ is a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (the 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted or has one or more fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, methyl groups as substituents) Or a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group).
Z ¹¹ represents a single bond or —CH ₂ CH ₂ —,
X ¹¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group have oxygen atoms mutually It may be substituted with an oxygen atom as not directly bonded)), a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an isocyanate group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethoxy group, or the following general formula (Vb) X ¹² to X ¹⁷ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a methyl group, a methoxy group or an ethyl group,
n ¹¹ represents 0 or 1. )

  Here, general formula (Vb) is a formula shown next.

(In the formula (Vb), C ¹² is a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (the 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted or one or two or more substituents) A fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a trifluoromethoxy group.
X ¹⁸ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group have oxygen atoms mutually It may be substituted with an oxygen atom as not directly bonded.), A fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an isocyanate group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, or a difluoromethoxy group. )

In the general formula (Va), R ¹¹ is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). The methylene group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other.), Preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. preferable.

Z ¹¹ is preferably a single bond. X ¹¹ is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom. X ¹² to X ¹⁷ are preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a methyl group, and more preferably one or more and three or less of X ¹² to X ¹⁷ are a fluorine atom or a methyl group.

  Specifically, from general formula (V-1) to general formula (V-7)

(Wherein R ¹² , R ¹³ , and R ¹⁴ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,
X ¹⁴¹ , X ¹⁵¹ , X ¹⁶¹ , X ¹⁷¹ , X ¹⁸¹ , X ¹⁹¹ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a methyl group,
X ¹²² , X ¹³² , X ¹⁶² , X ¹⁷² , X ¹⁸² , and X ¹⁹² each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. )
The compound represented by these is preferable. Among these, in General Formula (V-1) to General Formula (V-4), at least one or more of X ¹⁴¹ , X ¹⁵¹ , X ¹⁶¹ , X ¹⁷¹ , X ¹⁸¹ , and X ¹⁹¹ are fluorine atoms, Or a methyl group and at least one or more of X ¹²² , X ¹³² , X ¹⁶² , X ¹⁷² , X ¹⁸² and X ^{192 in} the general formulas (V-5) to (V-7) More preferably, is a fluorine atom. Specifically, from general formula (V-8) to general formula (V-16)

(Wherein R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,
X ¹⁴⁵ , X ¹⁷⁵ , X ¹⁶⁶ , X ¹⁷⁶ and X ¹⁸⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom,
X ¹⁴⁶ and X ¹⁵⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a methyl group,
X ¹³⁷ and X ¹⁸⁷ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. )
Even more preferred is a compound represented by:

<Compounds Represented by General Formula (VI-a) and General Formula (VI-b)>

(In the formula (VI-a), R ²¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). A methylene group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other);
C ²¹ is a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (the 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, methyl Group or a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group).
Six-membered ring Y ²¹ represents a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring,
X ²¹ represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an isocyanate group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group or a difluoromethoxy group,
X ²² to X ²⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group,
Z ²¹ represents a single bond or —CH ₂ CH ₂ —,
Z ²² represents a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ — or —CF ₂ O—,
n ²¹ represents 0 or 1; )

(In the formula (VI-b), R ³¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). A methylene group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other);
C ³¹ is a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (the 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, methyl Group or a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group).
Six-membered ring Y ³¹ represents a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring,
X ³¹ represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an isocyanate group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group or a difluoromethoxy group,
X ³² to X ³⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group,
Z ³¹ represents a single bond or —CH ₂ CH ₂ —.
Z ³² represents a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ — or —CF ₂ O—,
n ³¹ represents 0 or 1; )

In General Formula (VI-a) and General Formula (VI-b), R ²¹ and R ³¹ are each an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (the alkyl group or alkenyl group). 1 or 2 or more methylene groups present therein may preferably be substituted with oxygen atoms so that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other.
The alkyl group or alkenyl group has the formula (VI-c)

(Each structural formula in the formula (VI-c) is connected to the ring directly or through an oxygen atom at the right end) or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms More preferred.
As C ²¹ and C ³¹ , a 1,4-cyclohexylene group is preferable.
Z ²¹ and Z ³¹ are preferably a single bond.
X ²¹ and X ³¹ are preferably a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group, and more preferably a fluorine atom.

  Specifically, compounds represented by general formula (VI-1) to general formula (VI-33) are preferable.

(In the formula, R ²² and R ³² represent an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.)

<Compounds Represented by General Formula (VII-a) and General Formula (VII-b)>

(In the formula (VII-a), R ⁴¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). A methylene group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other);
C ⁴¹ is a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (the 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted or has one or more fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, methyl Group or a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group).
Six-membered ring Y ⁴¹ represents a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring,
X ⁴¹ represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an isocyanate group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group or a difluoromethoxy group,
X ⁴² to X ⁴⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group,
Z ⁴¹ represents a single bond or —CH ₂ CH ₂ —.
Z ⁴² represents a single bond, _-CH 2 CH ₂ -, or _-CF 2 O-,
n ⁴¹ represents 0 or 1; )

(In the formula (VII-b), R ⁵¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). A methylene group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other);
C ⁵¹ represents a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (the 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted or has one or more fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, methyl groups as substituents) Group or a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group).
Six-membered ring Y ⁵¹ represents a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring,
X ⁵¹ represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an isocyanate group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group or a difluoromethoxy group,
X ⁵² to X ⁵⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group,
Z ⁵¹ represents a single bond or —CH ₂ CH ₂ —,
Z ⁵² represents a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ — or —CF ₂ O—,
n ⁵¹ represents 0 or 1; )

In the general formula (VII-a) and the general formula (VII-b), R ⁴¹ and R ⁵¹ are each an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (the alkyl group or alkenyl group). 1 or 2 or more methylene groups present therein may preferably be substituted with oxygen atoms so that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other.
The alkyl group or alkenyl group has the formula (VII-c)

(The structural formula in the formula (VII-c) is connected to the ring directly or through an oxygen atom at the right end) or an alkenyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. preferable.
As C ⁴¹ and C ⁵¹ , a 1,4-cyclohexylene group is preferable.
Z ⁴¹ and Z ⁵¹ are preferably a single bond.
X ⁴¹ and X ⁵¹ are preferably a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group, and more preferably a fluorine atom.

  Specifically, compounds represented by general formula (VII-1) to general formula (VII-42) are preferable.

(Wherein R ⁴² and R ⁵² represent an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.)

  Further, in order to obtain further expansion of the liquid crystal temperature region, high dielectric constant, or low viscosity, the general formula (Va), the general formula (VI-a), the general formula (VI-b), and the general formula (VII- In addition to the compound of a) and general formula (VII-b), it is also preferable to contain the compound represented by general formula (VIII-a), general formula (IX-a), or general formula (X).

<Compound represented by formula (VIII-a)>

(In the formula (VIII-a), R ⁶¹ and R ⁶² are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). One or more methylene groups may be substituted with oxygen atoms, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other),
C ⁶¹ , C ⁶² and C ⁶³ are each independently a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (the 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted or has one or two substituents) It can have the above fluorine atom, chlorine atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group).
Z ⁶¹ and Z ⁶² each independently represent a single bond or —CH ₂ CH ₂ —;
n ⁶¹ represents 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ⁶¹ is 2, a plurality of C ⁶¹ and Z ⁶¹ may be the same or different. )

In General Formula (VIII-a), R ⁶¹ and R ⁶² are each an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or 2 present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). The methylene group or more is preferably an alkenyl group or an alkenyloxy group represented by the formula (VI-c) (provided that the oxygen atom may not be directly bonded to each other and may be substituted with an oxygen atom). More preferably, the alkenyl group is represented by the formula (VI-c)) or an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

In particular, when it is desired to obtain a low viscosity, it is preferable that n ⁶¹ is 0, C ⁶² and C ⁶³ are 1,4-cyclohexylene groups, and Z ⁶² is a single bond.

In particular, to expand the liquid crystal temperature range, n ⁶¹ is 0 or 1, C ⁶¹ and C ⁶² are 1,4-cyclohexylene groups, and C ⁶³ is a 1,4-phenylene group (the 1, The 4-phenylene group is unsubstituted or may have one or more fluorine atoms or methyl groups as substituents.), And Z ⁶¹ is a single bond or —CH ₂ CH ₂ —. Z ⁶² is preferably a single bond.

In order to obtain a particularly high refractive index, n ⁶¹ is 1, and C ⁶¹ is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group (the 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted or 1 or 2 or more fluorine atoms and methyl groups can be substituted.) C ⁶² and C ⁶³ are 1,4-phenylene groups (the 1,4-phenylene groups are unsubstituted). Or it may have one or more fluorine atoms or methyl groups as substituents.).

  Specifically, compounds represented by general formula (VIII-1) to general formula (VIII-5) are preferable.

(In the formula, R ⁶⁵ and R ⁶⁶ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group have oxygen atoms not directly bonded to each other). And may be substituted with an oxygen atom.), And X ⁶¹ to X ⁶⁶ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a methyl group.)

<Compound represented by formula (IX-a)>

(In the formula (IX-a), R ⁷¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylenes present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). The group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other),
C ⁷¹ , C ⁷² and C ⁷³ are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group or indan-2,5-diyl group (the 1,4-phenylene group and indan-2,5 The -diyl group can be unsubstituted or have one or more fluorine, chlorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy groups as substituents).
Z ⁷¹ and Z ⁷² each independently represent a single bond, —CH ² CH ² — or —CF ₂ O—,
^X71 represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethyl group, an isocyanate group,
n ⁷¹ represents 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ⁷¹ is 2, a plurality of C ⁷¹ and Z ⁷¹ may be the same or different. )

R ^{71 in the} general formula (IX-a) is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (one or two or more present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). The methylene group may preferably be substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. The alkenyl group is preferably represented by the formula (Vc), and has a carbon number of Even more preferred are alkyl groups of 1 to 18 or alkoxy groups of 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

X ⁷¹ is preferably a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group, and more preferably a fluorine atom.
In particular, when it is desired to obtain a high dielectric constant, n ⁷¹ is 0 or 1, C ⁷¹ is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, and C ⁷² is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,4. -Phenylene group (the 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted or may have one or more fluorine atoms or methyl groups as substituents), and C ⁷³ is 2-fluoro- A 1,4-phenylene group, a 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group or a 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group, and Z ⁷¹ and Z ⁷² is preferably a single bond.

In particular, to expand the liquid crystal temperature range, n ⁷¹ is 2, C ⁷¹ is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, and C ⁷² is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group. And ^C73 is 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group or 3,5-difluoro-1,4 - phenylene ^{group, Z 71} and ^{Z 72} is a single bond or _-CH 2 CH ₂ - is preferably.

  Specifically, compounds represented by general formula (IX-1) to general formula (IX-4) are preferable.

(Wherein R ⁷² represents an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, X ⁷² to X ⁷⁵ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and Z ⁷³ represents a single bond or —CH ₂ CH _2. Represents-)

  Among these general formulas (IX-1) to (IX-4), compounds represented by general formulas (IX-5) to (IX-7) are more preferable.

(In the formula, R ⁷⁷ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and X ⁷⁷ to X ⁷⁹ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.)

<Compound represented by formula (X)>

(In formula (X), R ¹⁰¹ and R ¹⁰² each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, provided that one or two non-adjacent —CH ₂ — The group is —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CO—S—, —S—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —CH═CH. -, -C≡C-, a cyclopropylene group or -Si (CH ₃ ) _2- may be substituted, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a CN group. A ¹⁰¹ represents a 1,4-phenylene group, and B ¹⁰¹ and C ¹⁰¹ each independently represent one or two hydrogen atoms as a fluorine atom, a CF ₃ group, an OCF ₃ group, a CN group, or a group thereof. 1,4-phenylene group which may be replaced by a plurality of groups Or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a ¹ , b ¹ , and c ¹ represent an integer of 0 or 1, and (a ¹ + b ¹ + c ¹ ) = 1 or 2)

  The compounds represented by the general formula (X) are specifically represented by the general formulas (Xa) to (Xf).

(In the general formulas (Xa) to (Xf), Y ¹⁰¹ and X ⁴ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. (One or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other),
Z ¹⁰¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group or alkenyl group are The oxygen atom may be substituted with an oxygen atom so that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other), or independently a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethyl group, an isocyanate group. Represent,
X ⁸¹ to X ⁹⁶ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a methyl group. )

  Specific examples of the compounds represented by the general formula (Xa) to the general formula (Xf) can be given in the following (X-1) to (X-17).

<Polymerizable liquid crystal compound (III)>
The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (III) used in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition of the present invention has the following general formula (III-a):

(In formula (III-a), R ³ and R ⁴ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
C ⁴ and C ⁵ are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridazine-3,6- Diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6 -Diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group or indane-2,5-diyl group (among these groups 1,4-phenylene group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, The 2,6-naphthylene group and indan-2,5-diyl group are unsubstituted or have one fluorine atom, chlorine atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group as a substituent. May have two or more.) Represent,
Z ³ and Z ⁵ are each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) Each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are each independently a fluorine atom, Which may be substituted with a methyl group or an ethyl group)
Z ⁴ is a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, _{-OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -,} - CH 2 CH 2 OCO -, - COOCH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 COO -, - OCOCH 2 CH 2 -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C- _{, -CF 2 O -, - OCF} 2 -, - COO- or an -OCO-,
n ² represents 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ² represents 2, a plurality of C ⁴ and Z ⁴ may be the same or different. ),

  Formula (III-b)

(In formula (III-b), R ⁵ and R ⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
C ⁶ is 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridazine-3,6-diyl group, 1,3- Dioxane-2,5-diyl group, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 2,6 A naphthylene group or an indan-2,5-diyl group (among these groups 1,4-phenylene group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group and The indane-2,5-diyl group can be unsubstituted or have one or more fluorine, chlorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy groups as substituents. Represents)
C ⁷ is benzene-1,2,4-triyl group, benzene-1,3,4-triyl group, benzene-1,3,5-triyl group, cyclohexane-1,2,4-triyl group, cyclohexane-1 , 3,4-triyl group or cyclohexane-1,3,5-triyl group,
Z ⁶ and Z ⁸ are each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) Each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are each independently a fluorine atom, Which may be substituted with a methyl group or an ethyl group)
Z ⁷ is a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, _{-OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -,} - CH 2 CH 2 OCO -, - COOCH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 COO -, - OCOCH 2 CH 2 -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C- _{, -CF 2 O -, - OCF} 2 -, - COO- or an -OCO-,
n ³ represents 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ³ represents 2, a plurality of C ⁶ and Z ⁷ may be the same or different. ),

  And general formula (III-c)

(In the formula (III-c), R ⁷ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
6-membered rings T ¹ , T ² and T ³ are each independently

(Where m represents an integer of 1 to 4),
n ⁴ represents an integer of 0 or 1,
Y ¹ and Y ² are each independently a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ —, —COO—, —OCO—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—. , —CF═CF—, — (CH ₂ ) ₄ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ ═CHCH ₂ CH ₂ — or —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH = CH-
Y ³ represents a single bond, —COO—, or —OCO—,
R ⁸ represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. At least one polymerizable compound (III) selected from the group consisting of:

  More specifically, general formulas (III-d) and (III-e)

(In the formulas (III-d) and (III-e), m ¹ represents 0 or 1,
Y ¹¹ and Y ¹² each independently represent a single bond, —O—, —COO— or —OCO—,
Y ¹³ and Y ¹⁴ each independently represent —COO— or —OCO—,
Y ¹⁵ and Y ¹⁶ each independently represent —COO— or —OCO—,
r and s each independently represent an integer of 2 to 14. The 1,4-phenylene group present in the formula may be unsubstituted or have one or more fluorine, chlorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy groups as substituents. it can. It is preferable to use a compound represented by any one of (2), since an optically anisotropic body excellent in mechanical strength and heat resistance can be obtained.

  Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (III-a) can include the following (III-1) to (III-10).

(Wherein j and k each independently represents an integer of 2 to 14)

  Specific examples of the compound represented by any one of the general formulas (III-d) and (III-e) can be listed in the following (III-11) to (III-20).

(Wherein j and k each independently represents an integer of 2 to 14)

<Chiral compound (IV)>
The chiral compound (IV) in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition used in the present invention is represented by the general formula (IV-a) or (IV-b).

(In the formulas (IV-a) and (IV-b), R ⁹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms (one in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). Or two or more methylene groups may be independently substituted with oxygen atoms, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other.
C ⁸ and C ⁹ are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group (among these groups, 1,4-phenylene group or 1,4 -The cyclohexylene group is unsubstituted or can have one or more fluorine atom, chlorine atom, methyl group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group as a substituent. Represents
Z ⁹ represents a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —C≡C—, —CF ₂ O—, —COO— or —OCO—,
Y ⁴ and Y ⁵ each independently represent a single bond, an oxygen atom, a methylene group, —OCH ₂ —, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ — or —OCOCH ₂ —.
n ⁵ represents 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ⁵ represents 2, a plurality of C ⁸ and Z ⁹ may be the same or different.
X ⁴ and X ⁵ are each independently selected from the general formulas (IV-c) to (IV-h)

Represents a group represented by any formula of However,
In formulas (IV-c) to (IV-h), * represents that the carbon atom is an asymmetric carbon atom,
R ^c , R ^d , R ^e , R ^f and R ^g are each independently an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are oxygen atoms And may be each independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO-, or -OCO-) as not being directly bonded to each other.
X ^c , X ^d and Y ^d each independently represent a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a cyano group,
X ^e and Y ^e each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a cyano group,
X ^h and Y ^h each independently represent a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a cyano group,
Z ^d represents a single bond or a methylene group,
Z ^e is an oxygen atom or a group represented by —OC (R ^e1 ) (R ^e2 ) O— (wherein R ^e1 and R ^e2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms) .)
Z ^f represents a carbonyl group or -CH ^{(R f1)} - group represented by ^{(wherein, R f1} represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon hydrogen atom or a carbon atom.) Represent,
Z ^g represents —OCO—, —COO—, —CH ₂ O— or —OCH ₂ —. )
It is the chiral compound (IV) represented by these.

<Composition ratio of polymer stabilized liquid crystal composition>
The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition of the present invention comprises a non-polymerizable low-molecular liquid crystal compound represented by compound (II), a chiral compound (IV), a polymerizable compound (I), and a polymerizable compound (III). It is comprised with the polymeric compound represented. The total composition ratio of the non-polymerizable low-molecular liquid crystal compound and the chiral compound and the composition ratio of the polymerizable compound are such that if the composition ratio of the polymerizable compound is too large, the characteristics as the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition are impaired. Exists. Specifically, the total of the non-polymerizable low-molecular liquid crystal compound and the chiral compound is preferably 92% to 99.9%, more preferably 92% to 99%, and 94% to 98% contained. It is particularly preferred.

  The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a general formula (Va) or a general formula (VI-a) as a low molecular liquid crystal compound represented by the general formula (II-a) or (II-b). , General formula (VI-b), general formula (VII-a), general formula (VII-b), general formula (VIII-a), general formula (IX-a), and general formula (X). A polymerizable composition containing 92 to 99.9% by mass of a liquid crystal composition containing at least one kind of compound and containing a compound represented by the general formulas (Ia) and (III-a) is 0.1 to 8 %, More preferably 92% to 99% of the liquid crystal composition, more preferably 1 to 8% by mass of the polymerizable composition, and 94% to 98% of the liquid crystal composition. It is particularly preferable to contain 2 to 6% by mass of the polymerizable composition.

  As the liquid crystal composition, the content of the compound represented by the general formula (X) is 5 to 90%, represented by the general formula (Xa), the general formula (Xb), and the general formula (Xc). A compound having a content of 50 to 99% is preferred. A compound group represented by general formula (Va), general formula (VI-a), general formula (VI-b), general formula (VII-a), general formula (VII-b), and general formula ( The compound group represented by VIII-a) and general formula (IX-a) is preferably used for obtaining the basic physical properties of the target liquid crystal composition. The basic physical properties include refractive index anisotropy, dielectric anisotropy, elastic constant, liquid crystal phase sequence, liquid crystal phase temperature range, spontaneous polarization, etc. It is preferable to select and use. In the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition of the present invention, the content of the polymerizable compound (III) is 0.05% to 7%, and the polymerizable compound (III) and the polymerizable compound (I) The composition ratio is preferably (III) :( I) = 1: 1 to 49: 1.

In the present invention, a polyfunctional liquid crystalline monomer may be added in addition to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (III). As this polyfunctional liquid crystalline monomer, as a polymerizable functional group, acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group, acrylamide group, methacrylamide group, epoxy group, vinyl group, vinyloxy group, ethynyl group, mercapto group, maleimide group, ClCH = _{CHCONH-, CH 2 = CCl-, CHCl} = CH-, RCH = CHCOO- ( wherein R is chlorine, fluorine, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms), but can be exemplified acryloyl among these An oxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, an epoxy group, a mercapto group, and a vinyloxy group are preferable, a methacryloyloxy group or an acryloyloxy group is particularly preferable, and an acryloyloxy group is most preferable.

As the molecular structure of the polyfunctional liquid crystalline monomer, there are at least two liquid crystal skeletons having two or more ring structures, a polymerizable functional group, and a flexible group for connecting the liquid crystal skeleton and the polymerizable functional group. Those having three flexible groups are more preferable. Examples of the flexible group include an alkylene spacer group represented by — (CH ₂ ) _n — (where n represents an integer) or — (Si (CH ₃ ) ₂ —O) _n — (where n is A siloxane spacer group represented by the formula (4), and an alkylene spacer group is preferred. Bonds such as —O—, —COO—, and —CO— may be present in the bonding portion between these flexible groups and the liquid crystal skeleton or polymerizable functional group.

  The liquid crystal skeleton can be used without particular limitation as long as it is generally recognized as a liquid crystal skeleton (mesogen) in this technical field, but those having at least two or more ring structures are preferable. The ring that can be used as the ring structure is benzene, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,3,5-triazine, tetrazine, dihydrooxazine, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, cyclohexanone, piperidine , Piperazine, tetrahydropyran, dioxane, tetrahydrothiopyran, dithiane, oxathiane, dioxaborinane, naphthalene, dioxanaphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene, quinoline, coumarin, quinoxaline, decahydronaphthalene, indane, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, phenanthrene, dihydrophenance Len, perhydrophenanthrene, dioxaperhydrophenanthrene, fluorene, fluorenone, cycloheptane, cyclohexane Tatrienone, cholesterol, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octene, 1,5-dioxaspiro (5.5) undecane, 1,5-dithiaspiro (5.5) undecane, triphenylene, Examples include torquesen, porphyrin, and phthalocyanine. Among these, benzene, cyclohexane, phenanthrene, naphthalene, tetrahydronephthalene, and decahydronephthalene are preferable. One or more of these rings may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkanoyl group, a cyano group, or a halogen atom. As the alkyl group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, and an n-butyl group are desirable, and a methyl group and an ethyl group are particularly preferable. As an alkoxy group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, and a butoxy group are preferable. As an alkanoyl group, an acetyl group, a propionyl group, and a butyroyl group are preferable. As a halogen atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, and a chlorine atom are preferable. A fluorine atom and a chlorine atom are particularly preferable. In addition to the polyfunctional liquid crystalline monomer, a monofunctional liquid crystalline monomer may be added.

These liquid crystal compositions may be subjected to a purification treatment with silica, alumina or the like for the purpose of removing impurities or the like or further increasing the specific resistance value. The specific resistance value is preferably 10 ¹² Ω · cm or more, and more preferably 10 ¹³ Ω · cm or more. Furthermore, dopants such as chiral compounds and dyes can be added to the liquid crystal composition according to the purpose.
In addition, antioxidants, UV absorbers, non-reactive oligomers and inorganic fillers, organic fillers, polymerization inhibitors, antifoaming agents, leveling agents, plasticizers, silane coupling agents, etc. are added as necessary. You may do it.

  The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition of the present invention comprises a non-polymerizable low-molecular liquid crystal compound represented by compound (II), a chiral compound (IV), a polymerizable compound (I), and a polymerizable compound (III). Although comprised with the polymeric compound represented, when polymerizing a polymer stabilized liquid crystal composition, it is preferable to contain a polymerization initiator. When the polymerization initiator is contained, the content other than the polymerization initiator is preferably 98% to 99.9%, and the polymerization initiator is preferably 0.1% to 2%.

<Polymerization method of polymer stabilized liquid crystal composition>
As a polymerization method for polymerizing the composition for a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element of the present invention, radical polymerization, anion polymerization, cationic polymerization, and the like can be used, but polymerization is preferably performed by radical polymerization.

As the radical polymerization initiator, a thermal polymerization initiator or a photopolymerization initiator can be used, but a photopolymerization initiator is preferable. Specifically, the following compounds are preferable.
Diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, benzyldimethyl ketal, 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 4- ( 2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl- (2-hydroxy-2-propyl) ketone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl-phenylketone, 2-methyl-2-morpholino (4-thiomethylphenyl) propan-1-one, 2-benzyl- Acetophenone series such as 2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone;

Benzoins such as benzoin, benzoin isopropyl ether and benzoin isobutyl ether;
Acylphosphine oxides such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide;
Benzyl, methylphenylglyoxyesters;
Benzophenone, methyl o-benzoylbenzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone, hydroxybenzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyl-diphenyl sulfide, acrylated benzophenone, 3,3 ', 4,4' -Benzophenone series such as tetra (t-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone, 3,3'-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone;
Thioxanthone systems such as 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 2,4-dichlorothioxanthone;
Aminobenzophenone series such as Michler's ketone and 4,4'-diethylaminobenzophenone;
10-butyl-2-chloroacridone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, camphorquinone and the like are preferable. Of these, benzyldimethyl ketal is most preferred.

<Liquid crystal display element>
The liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element in which a low-molecular liquid crystal is fixed in the form of nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid crystal, or a high-order liquid crystal display element in which a three-dimensional network polymer chain is formed in the liquid crystal. A molecule-stabilized liquid crystal display device, wherein the polymer low-molecular liquid crystal dispersion structure is formed by exposing the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal according to the present invention to ultraviolet light while applying a bipolar pulse wave to the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal product according to the present invention. This is a polymer whose orientation is stabilized.

  Moreover, it is preferable to expose to ultraviolet rays while applying a bipolar pulse wave in a state where the liquid crystal phase of the low molecular liquid crystal exhibits a chiral smectic C phase. The frequency of the applied pulse wave is preferably 500 Hz to 10 kHz, and more preferably 1 kHz to 10 kHz.

  The duty ratio of the pulse wave is preferably 0.3 to 0.7, more preferably 0.4 to 0.6, and particularly preferably 0.5 representing a rectangular wave. The applied voltage of the bipolar pulse wave is preferably ± 15 V or less, and more preferably ± 10 V or less.

More preferably, UV exposure is performed while applying a pulse wave having a frequency of 1 kHz to 10 kHz at a voltage ± 15 V or less at a temperature at which the liquid crystal phase of the low molecular liquid crystal exhibits a chiral smectic C phase.
More preferably, when the phase transition temperature between the smectic A phase and the chiral smectic C phase exhibited by the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition is T (° C.), it is (T−40) ° C. or more and (T + 5) ° C. or less. In addition, it is desirable to expose the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition to ultraviolet rays while applying a pulse wave at a temperature of 35 ° C. or higher.
In ultraviolet exposure, it is desirable to expose ultraviolet rays of 1000 mJ / cm ² or more.

  The liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be applied to a liquid crystal display element driven by an active element such as a thin film transistor element, a metal insulator metal element, or a thin film diode element. In particular, when the auxiliary capacitor Cs is connected in parallel between the active element and the liquid crystal pixel electrode, and the liquid crystal pixel electrode is Cflc, Cs / Cfls is preferably 0.1 or more and 3 or less. In addition, a liquid crystal display element driven by a field sequential method is preferable.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not limited only to these Examples. Unless otherwise specified, “%” means “mass%”.

(Production and evaluation method of polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element)
The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display elements in the examples were produced by the following method.
The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition was injected by vacuum injection after heating to a temperature higher than the nematic phase transition. As the cell, an alignment cell of parallel rubbing with ITO coated with a polyimide alignment film having a cell gap of 2 μm was used so that the liquid crystal was uniaxially aligned (homogeneous alignment).

A light control layer forming material comprising a liquid crystal composition, a radical polymerizable composition, a photopolymerization initiator, and a small amount of a polymerization inhibitor was injected into the glass cell by a vacuum injection method. The degree of vacuum was set to be 2 Pascals. After the injection, the glass cell was taken out and the inlet was sealed with a sealing agent 3026E (manufactured by ThreeBond). After confirming the uniaxial orientation with a crossed Nichols polarizing microscope, a 5V pulse wave (rectangular wave) is applied at a frequency of 2 kHz and switching is performed through an ultraviolet cut filter L-37 (manufactured by Hoya Candeo Optronics). The liquid crystal cell placed on the microscope stage was exposed by introducing ultraviolet light through a quartz glass optical fiber. A polymer halide-stabilized liquid crystal display element is prepared by irradiating a metal halide lamp adjusted to have an irradiation intensity of 5 mW / cm ² on the cell sample surface for 300 seconds to polymerize the polymerizable compound of the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition. Got. The previously applied voltage was turned off, and the alignment state after UV exposure was observed with a polarizing microscope to examine whether the bent orientation obtained by applying the voltage was maintained in the absence of an electric field due to polymer stabilization. Furthermore, the transmittance was compared by applying 8 V to the polymer-stabilized cell placed on the microscope stage so that the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal cell was 45 degrees with respect to the polarization direction on the light incident side. The transmittance was 0% when the two polarizing plates were orthogonal, and 100% when they were parallel.

(Adjustment of polymer stabilized liquid crystal composition)
A liquid crystal composition FELIX-M4851 (trade name, hereinafter referred to as “M-4851”) containing a chiral liquid crystal compound and a photopolymerizable acrylate composition each containing at least one compound group (I) and (III) are blended. A molecular stabilized liquid crystal composition was prepared.

  The structure and composition of each component of the ferroelectric liquid crystal (M-4851) are shown below.

  The structure of liquid crystalline acrylate (UCL-008) is shown below.

Example 1
A polymer stabilized liquid crystal composition was prepared by blending 97% of liquid crystal composition M4815, 2.94% of UCL-008 and 0.06% of Irgacure 651 (Irg651), and the above-mentioned polymer stabilization. In a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, a pulse wave (rectangular wave) having a temperature of 25 ° C. and a duty ratio of 0.5 is used, a UV exposure applied voltage of 2.5 Vo-p, a frequency of 2 kHz, a UV intensity of 5 mW / cm ² , 10 A liquid crystal display element was produced by polymerizing the acrylate compound in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition under the condition of ultraviolet exposure for a minute.
When the applied voltage Vr50 when the transmittance was 50% and the applied voltage Vr90 when the transmittance was 90% were measured, Vr50 = 2.340 (V) and Vr90 = 5.588 (V). Moreover, it was CR = 121.852.

(Comparative Example 1)
A polymer stabilized liquid crystal composition was prepared by blending liquid crystal composition M4815 in a ratio of 97%, UCL-008 in a ratio of 2.94%, and AE-123 in a ratio of 0.06%. In the device manufacturing method, a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition is obtained by setting the waveform to a triangular wave, UV exposure applied voltage 2.5 Vo-p, frequency 2 kHz, UV intensity 5 mW / cm ² , and UV exposure for 10 minutes. A liquid crystal display element was produced by polymerizing the acrylate compound therein.
When the applied voltage Vr50 when the transmittance was 50% and the applied voltage Vr90 when the transmittance was 90% were measured, Vr50 = 2.514 (V) and Vr90 = 7.095 (V). Moreover, it was CR = 101.880.

(Example 2)
A polymer stabilized liquid crystal composition was prepared by blending the liquid crystal composition M4815 at 94%, UCL-008 at 5.88%, and Irgacure 651 (Irg651) at a ratio of 0.12%. In a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, a pulse wave (rectangular wave) having a temperature of 67 ° C. and a duty ratio of 0.5 is used, a UV exposure applied voltage of 2.5 Vo-p, a frequency of 2 kHz, a UV intensity of 5 mW / cm 2, and 10 minutes. The liquid crystal display element was produced by polymerizing the acrylate compound in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition under the conditions of UV exposure under the conditions of When the applied voltage Vr50 when the transmittance was 50% and the applied voltage Vr90 when the transmittance was 90% were measured, Vr50 = 3.7 (V) and Vr90 = 13 (V). Moreover, it was CR = 376.

Claims (17)

  The acrylate is cured by UV exposure while applying a bipolar pulse wave to a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition containing liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate, non-liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate, and ferroelectric liquid crystal. Obtained liquid crystal display element. Defined by

(Wherein, τ represents the time when the amplitude takes the maximum value with the pulse width, and T represents the time of one cycle of the pulse wave.) The duty ratio D of the pulse wave is 0.3 to 0.7. 1. A liquid crystal display element according to 1.   The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the non-liquid crystal (meth) acrylate is a non-liquid crystal acrylate exhibiting a low anchoring force with respect to a low-molecular liquid crystal.   The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal (meth) acrylate is a monofunctional liquid crystal acrylate or a polyfunctional liquid crystal acrylate, and at least one of them is contained. The non-liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate is represented by the general formula (Ia)

(In the formula (Ia), A ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
A ² represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are each independently an oxygen atom on the assumption that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other). , —CO—, —COO— or —OCO— may be substituted, and one or two or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are each independently substituted with a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group May be)
A ³ and A ⁶ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) Each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group are each independently a halogen atom or carbon. Which may be substituted with an alkyl group of 1 to 17 atoms).
A ⁴ and A ⁷ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other). Each independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group are each independently a halogen atom or a carbon atom. Which may be substituted with an alkyl group of the formula 1 to 9),
k represents 1 to 40;
B ¹ , B ² and B ³ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are The oxygen atoms may be independently substituted with oxygen atoms, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO— as those in which oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other), or the general formula (Ib)

(In formula (Ib), A ⁹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
A ⁸ is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are each independently an oxygen atom, assuming that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other). , —CO—, —COO— or —OCO— may be substituted, and one or two or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are each independently substituted with a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group Represents a group represented by: However, the number of 2 k + 1 B ¹ , B ^2, and B ³ that is the group represented by the general formula (Ib) is 0 to 3. )
Containing at least one polymerizable compound (I) having a glass transition temperature of −100 ° C. to 25 ° C.
The ferroelectric liquid crystal has the general formula (II-a) or (II-b)

(In the formulas (II-a) and (II-b), R ¹ and R ² each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (the alkyl group or alkenyl group). 1 or 2 or more methylene groups present in the group may be each independently substituted with an oxygen atom, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other).
C ¹ is a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, or a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group (of which 1,4-phenylene group is unsubstituted) Or a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a trifluoromethoxy group as a substituent.
C ² and C ³ are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridazine-3,6- Diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6 -Diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group or indane-2,5-diyl group (among these groups 1,4-phenylene group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, The 2,6-naphthylene group and indan-2,5-diyl group are unsubstituted or have one fluorine atom, chlorine atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group as a substituent. May have two or more.) Represent,
Z ¹ and Z ² are each independently a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH _2. CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CF ₂ O—, —OCF ₂ —, —COO— or —OCO— are represented,
X ¹ represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethyl group, an isocyanate group, or a cyano group,
n ¹ represents 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ¹ represents 2, a plurality of C ¹ and Z ¹ may be the same or different. )
Containing at least one compound (II) represented by
The liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate has the general formula (III-a)

(In formula (III-a), R ³ and R ⁴ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
C ⁴ and C ⁵ are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridazine-3,6- Diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6 -Diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group or indane-2,5-diyl group (among these groups 1,4-phenylene group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, The 2,6-naphthylene group and indan-2,5-diyl group are unsubstituted or have one fluorine atom, chlorine atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group as a substituent. May have two or more.) Represent,
Z ³ and Z ⁵ are each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) Each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are each independently a fluorine atom, Which may be substituted with a methyl group or an ethyl group)
Z ⁴ is a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, _{-OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -,} - CH 2 CH 2 OCO -, - COOCH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 COO -, - OCOCH 2 CH 2 -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C- _{, -CF 2 O -, - OCF} 2 -, - COO- or an -OCO-,
n ² represents 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ² represents 2, a plurality of C ⁴ and Z ⁴ may be the same or different. ),
Formula (III-b)

(In formula (III-b), R ⁵ and R ⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
C ⁶ is 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridazine-3,6-diyl group, 1,3- Dioxane-2,5-diyl group, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 2,6 A naphthylene group or an indan-2,5-diyl group (among these groups 1,4-phenylene group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group and The indane-2,5-diyl group can be unsubstituted or have one or more fluorine, chlorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy groups as substituents. Represents)
C ⁷ is benzene-1,2,4-triyl group, benzene-1,3,4-triyl group, benzene-1,3,5-triyl group, cyclohexane-1,2,4-triyl group, cyclohexane-1 , 3,4-triyl group or cyclohexane-1,3,5-triyl group,
Z ⁶ and Z ⁸ are each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) Each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are each independently a fluorine atom, Which may be substituted with a methyl group or an ethyl group)
Z ⁷ is a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, _{-OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -,} - CH 2 CH 2 OCO -, - COOCH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 COO -, - OCOCH 2 CH 2 -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C- _{, -CF 2 O -, - OCF} 2 -, - COO- or an -OCO-,
n ³ represents 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ³ represents 2, a plurality of C ⁶ and Z ⁷ may be the same or different. ),
And general formula (III-c)

(In the formula (III-c), R ⁷ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
6-membered rings T ¹ , T ² and T ³ are each independently

(Where m represents an integer of 1 to 4),
n ⁴ represents an integer of 0 or 1,
Y ¹ and Y ² are each independently a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ —, —COO—, —OCO—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—. , —CF═CF—, — (CH ₂ ) ₄ —, —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ O—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ ═CHCH ₂ CH ₂ — or —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH = CH-
Y ³ represents a single bond, —COO—, or —OCO—,
R ⁸ represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. At least one polymerizable compound (III) selected from the group consisting of
The ferroelectric liquid crystal of the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition further has a general formula (IV-a) or (IV-b)

(In the formulas (IV-a) and (IV-b), R ⁹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms (one in the alkyl group or alkenyl group). Or two or more methylene groups may be independently substituted with oxygen atoms, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other.
C ⁸ and C ⁹ are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group (among these groups, 1,4-phenylene group or 1,4 -The cyclohexylene group is unsubstituted or can have one or more fluorine atom, chlorine atom, methyl group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group as a substituent. Represents
Z ⁹ represents a single bond, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —C≡C—, —CF ₂ O—, —COO— or —OCO—,
Y ⁴ and Y ⁵ each independently represent a single bond, an oxygen atom, a methylene group, —OCH ₂ —, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCH ₂ CH ₂ — or —OCOCH ₂ —.
n ⁵ represents 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ⁵ represents 2, a plurality of C ⁸ and Z ⁹ may be the same or different.
X ⁴ and X ⁵ are each independently selected from the general formulas (IV-c) to (IV-h)

Represents a group represented by any formula of However,
In formulas (IV-c) to (IV-h), * represents that the carbon atom is an asymmetric carbon atom,
R ^c , R ^d , R ^e , R ^f and R ^g are each independently an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are oxygen atoms And may be each independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO-, or -OCO-) as not being directly bonded to each other.
X ^c , X ^d and Y ^d each independently represent a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a cyano group,
X ^e and Y ^e each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a cyano group,
X ^h and Y ^h each independently represent a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a cyano group,
Z ^d represents a single bond or a methylene group,
Z ^e is an oxygen atom or a group represented by —OC (R ^e1 ) (R ^e2 ) O— (wherein R ^e1 and R ^e2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms) .)
Z ^f represents a carbonyl group or -CH ^{(R f1)} - group represented by ^{(wherein, R f1} represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon hydrogen atom or a carbon atom.) Represent,
Z ^g represents —OCO—, —COO—, —CH ₂ O— or —OCH ₂ —. )
A chiral compound (IV) represented by:
The liquid crystal display element of Claim 1 containing.   In the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition, the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate is 0.05% to 7%, and the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate (III) and the non-liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate (I 6) The liquid crystal display element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition ratio of (III) :( I) = 1: 1 to 49: 1.   This is a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element in which low-molecular liquid crystals are immobilized in the form of nanoparticles dispersed in liquid crystal, or a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display element in which three-dimensional network-like polymer chains are formed in liquid crystal. 7. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 5, wherein the low molecular liquid crystal dispersion structure of the polymer stabilizes the orientation of the low molecular liquid crystal by exposing the polymer stabilized liquid crystal to ultraviolet light. . A method for producing a liquid crystal display element in which a nanoparticle or a three-dimensional network polymer chain is formed in a liquid crystal to stabilize the orientation of a low molecular liquid crystal,
Liquid crystal obtained by curing the acrylate by ultraviolet exposure while applying a pulse wave to a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition containing liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate, non-liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate, and ferroelectric liquid crystal A method for manufacturing a display element. Defined by

(Wherein, τ represents the time when the amplitude takes the maximum value, and T represents the period of the function.) The duty ratio D of the pulse wave is 0.3 to 0.7. Production method.   The method for producing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 8, wherein the liquid crystal phase of the low molecular liquid crystal is exposed to ultraviolet rays while applying a pulse wave at a temperature at which the chiral smectic C phase is exhibited.   9. The method for producing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 8, wherein ultraviolet exposure is performed while applying a pulse wave having a frequency of 500 Hz to 10 kHz at a temperature at which the liquid crystal phase of the low molecular liquid crystal exhibits a chiral smectic C phase.   9. The method for producing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 8, wherein ultraviolet exposure is performed while applying a pulse wave having a frequency of 500 Hz to 10 kHz at a voltage ± 15 V or less at a temperature at which the liquid crystal phase of the low molecular liquid crystal exhibits a chiral smectic C phase.   When the phase transition temperature between the smectic A phase and the chiral smectic C phase exhibited by the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition is T (° C.), it is (T−40) ° C. or more and (T + 5) ° C. or less and 35 ° C. The method for producing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 8, wherein the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition is exposed to ultraviolet rays while applying a pulse wave at the above temperature. 14. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 8, wherein the ultraviolet light is exposed to 1000 mJ / cm < ² > or more.   8. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display element is driven by an active element such as a thin film transistor element, a metal insulator metal element, or a thin film diode element.   The auxiliary capacitor Cs is connected in parallel between the active element and the liquid crystal pixel electrode, and when the liquid crystal pixel electrode is Cflc, Cs / Cfls is 0.1 or more and 3 or less. 15. The liquid crystal display element according to 15.   The liquid crystal display element according to claim 15, wherein the liquid crystal display element is driven by a field sequential method.