JP2008247514A - Automatic storage device - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、複数の荷を収納するための自動収納装置に関し、更に詳しくは、荷を収納する為の複数の棚と、荷を搬出口と棚との間及び異なった棚の間で搬送する為の搬送手段、並びに、荷の入出庫情報と収納位置情報に基づいて搬送手段に指示を出して荷の搬送をさせる為の管理手段を備えた自動収納装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an automatic storage device for storing a plurality of loads. More specifically, the present invention relates to a plurality of shelves for storing loads, and a load is transported between an outlet and a shelf and between different shelves. The present invention relates to an automatic storage device including a transporting means, and a management means for issuing an instruction to the transporting means based on the loading / unloading information and storage position information of the load to transport the load.
上記の自動収納装置は、荷を収納するための複数の棚を設けた収納装置、特に、多数の棚を立体的に設けた収納装置において、多数の荷の収納及び搬出入を効率的に行うことにより、収納スペースを極力少なくすると共に、搬出時間を短縮する為のものである。
近年、工場の生産においては、製品の搬出入のみでなく、棚に収納した仕掛品を搬出し、注文に合わせて必要な量を工場でスリットした後に残りを元の棚に戻すことを、頻繁に繰り返すことが行われる。
また、薬局においては、棚に収納した薬品を入れた容器を搬出して必要量の薬品を容器から取り出した後に残りの薬品を入れた容器を元の棚に戻すことを、頻繁に繰り返すことが行われる。
このようなことから、効率の良い自動収納装置が必要とされている。
The above automatic storage device efficiently stores and loads a large number of loads in a storage device provided with a plurality of shelves for storing loads, particularly a storage device provided with a large number of shelves. This is to reduce the storage space as much as possible and to shorten the carry-out time.
In recent years, in the production of factories, in addition to loading and unloading of products, it is often carried out to carry out work in process stored in shelves, slit the necessary amount according to the order, and return the rest to the original shelves. Repeatedly done.
In addition, in a pharmacy, it is often possible to repeatedly carry out a container containing medicines stored in a shelf and return a container containing the remaining medicines to the original shelf after taking out a necessary amount of medicines from the container. Done.
Therefore, an efficient automatic storage device is required.
しかしながら、このような自動収納装置おいては、荷毎の搬出回数（頻度）と、その荷を棚から搬出口まで搬送するのに要する時間（以下「搬出所要時間」ということがある。）の長短とは、相関せず、頻繁に搬出入される荷が、搬出所要時間の長い収納区画に収納されることがしばしば起こり、搬出入の作業効率は必ずしも高いものではなかった。 However, in such an automatic storage device, the number of times (frequency) of unloading for each load and the time required to transfer the load from the shelf to the unloading port (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “unloading required time”). There is no correlation with long and short, and frequently loaded and unloaded loads often are stored in a storage section with a long unloading time, and the work efficiency of loading and unloading is not necessarily high.
この搬出入の作業効率を改善する方法として、出庫実績がある容器（荷）を入庫実績の無い容器（荷）よりも受付部（搬出口）への搬出が短時間で行える収納位置に移動する配置換えを定期的に行うシステムを備えた物品管理システムが提案（例えば、特許文献１参照）されている。
この物品管理システムにおいては、出庫実績の有無のみで、配置換えする荷の選別を行っているが、更に、荷の入出庫履歴等の情報から算出した出庫回数の多い荷を、搬出所要時間のより短い棚に移動させる配置換えを行えば、効率を更に向上させることができる。
As a method for improving the work efficiency of this loading / unloading, a container (load) with a record of delivery is moved to a storage position where a container (load) with no record of delivery can be carried out to the reception unit (carrying outlet) in a short time. An article management system including a system for periodically performing rearrangement has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
In this article management system, the sorting of the load to be rearranged is performed only based on whether or not there is a delivery record. If the rearrangement is performed by moving to a shorter shelf, the efficiency can be further improved.
しかしながら、出庫回数の順番と搬出所要時間の順番とが完全に一致するまで配置換えを行おうとした場合、多くの荷の移動を行う必要がある。
例えば、収納されている荷が１０００個あり、出庫回数の多い方からの順番が１０００番の荷が搬出所要時間の順番が１番の棚に収納され、且つ出庫回数の多い方からの順番が１番から９９９番までの荷が、その順序で、搬出所要時間の順番が２番から１０００番の棚に収納されている場合には、先ず、出庫回数の多い方からの順番が１０００番の荷を、搬出所要時間の順番が１００１番の棚（又は、番外の待機区画の棚）に移動させ、次いでその他の荷を順次移動させ、最後に、出庫回数の多い方からの順番が１０００番の荷を搬出所要時間の順番１０００番の棚に移動させることになり、合計１００１回の移動を行うこととなる。
更に又、搬出所要時間の短い方からの順番（単に「搬出所要時間の順番」という。）が１番の棚に収納されている出庫回数の多い方からの順番（単に「出庫回数の順番」という。）が１番ではない荷を待機用の棚に移動させた後に、空いた棚に出庫回数の順番が１番の荷を移動させ、次いで、出庫回数の順番が１番の荷を移動させたことで空いた棚に待機用の棚にある荷を移動させて収納する形を採った場合、最大で、荷の数の３倍の回数の移動が必要となる。
それ故、配置換えに長い時間を要すると共に、搬出手段の稼動に大きなエネルギーを要することとなる。
However, when the rearrangement is performed until the order of the number of times of delivery and the order of the time required for carrying out completely match, it is necessary to move many loads.
For example, if there are 1000 stored loads, the load with the order of 1000 from the one with the highest number of times of delivery is stored in the shelf with the order of the time required for delivery, and the order from the one with the highest number of times of delivery is When the loads from No. 1 to No. 999 are stored in shelves in the order of the required time for carrying out, from No. 2 to No. 1000, first, the order from the one with the highest number of outgoings is No. 1000. Move the load to the shelf with the required turn-out time of 1001 (or the shelf in the extra standby section), then move the other loads in sequence, and finally the order from the one with the highest number of issues Will be moved to the 1000th shelf in the order of required carry-out time, and a total of 1001 movements will be performed.
Furthermore, the order from the shortest time required for unloading (simply referred to as “the order of the required time for unloading”) is the order from the one with the largest number of times of unloading stored in the first shelf (simply “order of the number of times unloading”). After moving the load that is not the first to the shelf for standby, move the load with the number of times of delivery to the empty shelf, and then move the load with the number of times of delivery of 1 In the case where the load on the standby shelf is moved and stored in the empty shelf, it is necessary to move the load three times as many times as the number of loads.
Therefore, it takes a long time for the rearrangement, and a large amount of energy is required for operating the unloading means.
本発明は、このような背景技術の状況下で、荷の搬出時間を短縮し、搬出入の作業効率を高めた自動収納装置を提供することを目的とするものである。 An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic storage device that shortens the time for carrying out a load and increases the work efficiency of carrying in and out under the circumstances of such background art.
本発明者らは、前記目的を達成するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、荷を一定期間内の荷の入出庫履歴から求めた出庫回数の多い順に複数の荷グループに分けると共に、棚を搬出所要時間の長短で、荷グループと同数の収納区画に分け、配置換えは、同じ収納区画内では行わず、異なる収納区画の間でのみ行う装置とすることにより、その目的を達成し得ることを見出した。本発明は、かかる知見に基づいて完成したものである。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have divided the loads into a plurality of load groups in the order of the number of times of retrieval determined from the loading / unloading history of the loads within a certain period, and unloading the shelves. The required time can be achieved by dividing the number of storage spaces into the same number of storage compartments as the load group, and changing the arrangement only in different storage compartments, not in the same storage compartment. I found it. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
すなわち、本発明は、
（１）荷を収納する為の複数の棚と、荷を搬出口と棚との間及び異なった棚の間で搬送する為の搬送手段、並びに、荷の入出庫情報と収納位置情報に基づいて前記搬送手段を作動させて荷の搬送を行わせる為の管理手段を備えた自動収納装置において、予め定めた時期または任意の時期において、一定期間内の荷の入出庫履歴から求めた出庫回数の多い荷が搬出に要する時間が短い棚に収納されるよう前記搬送手段を作動させて配置換えを行わせ、該配置換えに際しては、荷を出庫回数が多い順に順位１〜ｎのｎ個の荷グループに分けると共に、棚を搬出に要する時間が短い順に順位１〜ｎのｎ個の収納区画及び順位外の待機区画に分け、且つ、各順位の荷グループに含まれる荷の数と、それに対応する順位の収納区画の棚の数とを同数として、同じ収納区画内では配置換えを行わず、異なった収納区画の間で荷を移動させる配置換えのみを行って、荷が、その荷の属する荷グループの順位と同じ順位の収納区画の棚に収納されるようにすることを特徴とする自動収納装置、
（２）配置換えに際しては、現在収納されている収納区画から外れる荷を、その荷が新たに属する収納区画の空の棚に移動させるか、又は、前記空の棚が無い場合は待機区画の棚へ移動させ、当該移動により空いた収納区画の棚に、当該収納区画の棚に入るべき荷であって、異なった収納区画の棚に収納されているか又は待機区画の棚に収納されている荷を、当該収納棚から移動させる配置換えをする上記（１）の自動収納装置、
（３）現在収納されている収納区画から外れる荷を移動させることにより空いた収納区画の棚に、当該収納区画の棚に入るべき荷を移動させる際に、当該収納区画の棚に入るべき荷が複数あるときの優先順位を次の如くとする上記（２）の自動収納装置、
(a) 当該収納区画の棚に入るべき複数の荷が、他の収納区画と待機区画の両方にある場合には、待機区画にある荷の移動を優先させる。
(b) 当該収納区画の棚に入るべき複数の荷が、いずれも他の収納区画にある場合には、搬出に要する時間が最も短い棚にある荷の移動を優先させる。
（４）前記荷グループの数ｎを２〜５とする上記（１）〜（３）のいずれかの自動収納装置、
（５）前記荷グループが、各々出庫回数が同じ荷から構成された小グループから形成されている上記（１）〜（３）のいずれかの自動収納装置、
（６）各々出庫回数が同じ荷から構成された小グループを出庫回数の多い順からｍ個づつ合わせて、順位１〜ｎのｎ個の荷グループに分ける上記（１）〜（３）のいずれかの自動収納装置、
（７）前記小グループの数がｍで割り切れない場合は、余りの小グループだけで順位ｎの荷グループとする上記（６）の自動収納装置、
（８）前記小グループの数がｍで割り切れない場合は、余りの小グループをその前の荷グループに含ませ、当該荷グループを順位ｎの荷グループとする上記（６）の自動収納装置、
（９）横方向と縦方向にそれぞれ区枠された複数の棚を有する自動収納装置において、各棚に次式により算出される順位数値を付し、該順位数値の比較において小さい方の棚を搬出に要する時間の短い棚とみなす上記（１）〜（８）のいずれかの自動収納装置、
順位数値＝（棚を搬出口に近い方から横方向に順に数えた場合の順番）
＋（棚を下から順に縦方向に数えた場合の順番−１）×（１＋１×１０ -P）
(但し、Ｐは縦方向の棚の数の桁数であり、搬出口は縦方向最下段で横方向の端の近辺にあるものとする。)
である。
That is, the present invention
(1) Based on a plurality of shelves for storing loads, a transport means for transporting loads between the carry-out port and the shelves and between different shelves, and loading / unloading information and storage position information In the automatic storage device provided with the management means for operating the transport means to carry the load, the number of times of delivery determined from the load entry / exit history within a certain period at a predetermined time or arbitrary time The transporting means is operated so that a large amount of load is stored in a shelf that requires a short time for unloading, and the rearrangement is performed. In addition to dividing into load groups, the shelf is divided into n storage compartments in ranks 1 to n and standby sections outside rank in order from the shortest time required to carry out, and the number of loads included in each rank load group, and The same number of shelves in the corresponding storage compartment In the same storage compartment, the rearrangement is not performed, but only the rearrangement of moving the load between different storage compartments is performed, and the load is placed on the shelf of the storage compartment having the same rank as the load group to which the load belongs. An automatic storage device characterized by being stored;
(2) At the time of rearrangement, the load that is removed from the currently stored storage compartment is moved to an empty shelf in the storage compartment to which the load newly belongs, or if there is no empty shelf, It is moved to the shelf, and the load that should enter the shelf of the storage compartment is stored in the shelf of a different storage compartment or stored in the shelf of the standby compartment in the storage compartment vacant by the movement (1) the automatic storage device for rearranging the load to be moved from the storage shelf;
(3) When moving a load that should enter the storage compartment shelf to a vacant storage compartment shelf by moving a load that is removed from the currently stored storage compartment, the load that should enter the storage compartment shelf The automatic storage device according to (2), wherein the order of priority when there is a plurality is as follows:
(a) When a plurality of loads to be placed on the shelves of the storage section are in both the other storage sections and the standby section, priority is given to the movement of the loads in the standby section.
(b) If a plurality of loads that should enter the shelf of the storage compartment are all in other storage compartments, priority is given to the movement of the load on the shelf that takes the shortest time to carry out.
(4) The automatic storage device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the number n of the load groups is 2 to 5,
(5) The automatic storage device according to any one of the above (1) to (3), wherein the load group is formed from a small group composed of loads each having the same number of times of delivery.
(6) Any one of the above (1) to (3), in which m small groups composed of loads having the same number of times of delivery are combined into m pieces of ranks 1 to n in order from the largest number of issues. Automatic storage device,
(7) When the number of the small groups is not divisible by m, the automatic storage device according to (6), wherein only the remaining small groups are used as the load groups of rank n.
(8) When the number of the small groups is not divisible by m, the automatic storage device according to (6), in which a surplus small group is included in a previous load group and the load group is a load group of rank n,
(9) In an automatic storage device having a plurality of shelves each divided in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, a rank value calculated by the following formula is attached to each shelf, and the smaller shelf is compared in the rank value comparison. The automatic storage device according to any one of the above (1) to (8), which is regarded as a shelf with a short time required for carrying out,
Rank value = (order when the shelves are counted in the horizontal direction from the side closest to the exit)
+ (The order when the shelves are counted in the vertical direction from the bottom −1) × (1 + 1 × 10 −P )
(However, P is the number of digits of the number of shelves in the vertical direction, and the carry-out port is at the bottom in the vertical direction and in the vicinity of the end in the horizontal direction.)
It is.
本発明によれば、荷の搬出時間を短縮し、搬送手段の稼動に要するエネルギーを大幅に改善できるだけではなく、配置換えに費やせる時間の長短に応じて、適切な配置換えが出来る、搬出入の作業効率を高めた自動収納装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, not only can the time for carrying out the load be shortened and the energy required for the operation of the transport means can be greatly improved, but also appropriate placement can be carried out according to the length of time that can be spent on the placement. It is possible to provide an automatic storage device with improved work efficiency.
本発明の自動収納装置については、特に制限はなく、例えば、製造工場における、仕掛け品を収納し、注文に合わせて棚に収納した仕掛品を搬出し、必要な量を工場でスリットした後に元の棚に戻す為の収納装置や、薬局における、棚に収納した薬品を入れた容器を搬出して必要量の薬品を容器から取り出した後に元の棚に容器を戻す為の自動収納装置など、荷を収納する為の複数の棚、荷を搬送する為の搬送手段、及び搬送手段に作動の指示を出して、搬出入と配置換えを行わせる為の管理手段を備えた自動収納装置であればよく、装置の大きさ、棚の数等については特に制限はない。 The automatic storage device of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, the work in a manufacturing factory is stored, the work in progress stored in a shelf in accordance with an order is taken out, and a necessary amount is slit in the factory. A storage device for returning to the shelf of the machine, an automatic storage device for returning the container to the original shelf after unloading the container containing the medicine stored in the shelf at the pharmacy and taking out the required amount of medicine from the container, etc. An automatic storage device equipped with a plurality of shelves for storing loads, a transport means for transporting loads, and a management means for instructing the transport means to perform operations to carry in / out and rearrange There is no particular limitation on the size of the device, the number of shelves, and the like.
搬送手段としては、荷を１個ずつ搬送するもので良いが、必ずしもそれに限られず、荷の受け皿を持たせることにより、複数の荷を搬送できるようにしたものは、メーカーにおける製造した小さな部品の収納や、薬局における薬品容器の収納に適している。
管理手段は、識別装置で得られた情報や外部からの出庫指示等の入出庫情報を管理し、搬送手段に作動の指示を出す為のものである。
識別装置としては、各荷に貼付されたバーコードラベルを読み取るバーコードラベル読み取り機や各荷に貼付されたＩＣラベルを読み取るＩＣラベル読み取り機が適当である。
管理手段における情報管理は、識別装置から直接得られる、個々の荷の製造ロット番号、重さ、幅、巻き数と個数、入庫日、出庫日、それぞれの日の入荷数量と出荷数量、荷の使用期限、担当営業所、同一又は同種の荷の入出庫頻度等の荷の初期入力情報等の管理だけでなく、その情報の中の可変情報の処理、例えば、仕掛品をスリットした場合に、そのスリット量を入力し荷の残高記録処理をも行なってもよい。
また、入出庫回数を指示された期間で集計し、得られた入出庫履歴から一定期間内の出庫回数の計算を行うものである。
The conveying means may be one that conveys loads one by one, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and a device that can convey a plurality of loads by providing a load receiving tray is a small part manufactured by a manufacturer. Suitable for storing and storing chemical containers in pharmacies.
The management means manages information obtained by the identification device and entry / exit information such as an exit instruction from the outside, and issues an operation instruction to the transport means.
As the identification device, a barcode label reader that reads a barcode label attached to each load and an IC label reader that reads an IC label attached to each load are appropriate.
The information management in the management means is the production lot number, weight, width, number of turns and number of goods, the date of goods receipt, the date of goods delivery, the quantity of goods received and the quantity shipped on each day, obtained directly from the identification device. In addition to managing the initial input information of the load such as the expiration date, the sales office in charge, the loading and unloading frequency of the same or the same type of cargo, processing of variable information in that information, for example, when the work in process is slit, A load balance recording process may be performed by inputting the slit amount.
In addition, the number of times of loading / unloading is totaled during the designated period, and the number of times of shipping within a certain period is calculated from the obtained loading / unloading history.
本発明の自動収納装置は、棚を、収納すべき荷の数に対応する数の棚と、所定の収納区画に収納する荷を一時的に収納する為の待機区画の棚とに分ける。
荷の搬出は、対象とする荷をその棚から搬出口まで搬送することにより行い、新たに搬入された荷の収納は、搬入された荷を、搬入口から荷の収納されていない棚の内の、荷を棚から搬出口まで搬送するのに要する時間である搬出所要時間が最も短い棚まで搬送することにより行われる。但し、既に収納されている荷と同じ荷が入庫する場合には、待機区画の棚に収納し、既に収納されている荷がなくなった後の配置換えで、待機区画の棚から所定の収納区画の棚に移動させる。
The automatic storage device of the present invention divides the shelf into a number of shelves corresponding to the number of loads to be stored and a shelf of a standby section for temporarily storing loads to be stored in a predetermined storage section.
Carrying out the load is performed by transporting the target load from the shelf to the carry-out port, and storing the newly loaded load is done by placing the loaded load in the shelf where no load is stored from the carry-in port. This is performed by transporting the load to the shelf having the shortest required time for transporting the load from the shelf to the carry-out port. However, when the same load as that already stored is received, it is stored on the shelf in the standby section, and after the load already stored is relocated, the predetermined storage section Move to the shelf.
一方、配置換えに際しては、荷を出庫回数が多い順に順位１〜ｎのｎ個の荷グループに分けると共に、棚を搬出所要時間が短い順に順位１〜ｎのｎ個の収納区画及び順位外の待機区画に分け、且つ、各順位の荷グループに含まれる荷の数と、それに対応する順位の収納区画の棚の数とを同数として、同じ収納区画内では配置換えを行わず、異なった収納区画の間で荷を移動させる配置換えのみを行って、つまり、収納している荷の荷グループの順位とその荷を収納している棚の収納区画の順位が一致する場合は、同じ収納区画内では配置換えを行わず、その順位が異なる場合は、異なる収納区画の間で荷を移動させる配置換えのみを行って、全ての荷が、その荷の属する荷グループの順位と同じ順位の収納区画の棚に収納されるようにする。
ここで出庫回数は、荷の入出庫履歴のデータにおける一定期間内の出庫回数である。当該一定期間としては、任意の期間を定めることができるが、前回の配置換えからの当該配置換えまでの期間とするのが適当である。
なお、入出庫履歴の無い、新規な荷については、類似の荷の入出庫履歴等から仮の出庫回数を定めておき、入出庫履歴が発生した時点で実際の出庫回数に修正する、等の方法で対処すればよい。
On the other hand, when rearranging, the load is divided into n load groups of ranks 1 to n in descending order of the number of times of delivery, and the shelves are separated into n storage sections of ranks 1 to n and ranks out of rank in order of short carry-out required time. Dividing into waiting sections and storing the different numbers in the same storage section without changing the number of loads included in each rank load group and the number of shelves in the corresponding storage section. The same storage section is used when only rearrangement is performed to move the load between sections, that is, when the order of the load group of the stored load matches the order of the storage sections of the shelves storing the load. In the case where the order is not changed and the order is different, only the rearrangement for moving the load between different storage sections is performed, and all the loads are stored in the same order as the order of the load group to which the load belongs. It is stored on the shelf of the compartment.
Here, the number of times of delivery is the number of times of delivery within a certain period in the data of the loading / unloading history of goods. As the fixed period, an arbitrary period can be set, but it is appropriate to set the period from the previous rearrangement to the rearrangement.
For new shipments that do not have a loading / unloading history, the provisional number of times of unloading is determined from the loading / unloading history etc. of similar loads, and when the loading / unloading history occurs, the actual number of unloading is corrected. It can be dealt with by a method.
配置換えに際しては、荷を出庫回数の多い順に順位１〜ｎの各々複数個の荷を含むｎ個の荷グループに分ける。
本発明の効果は、グループ分けしてグループ間での配置換えのみ行って、グループ内での配置換えは行わないことにより、配置換えに要する時間とエネルギーを適度に抑えることであり、その効果を十分に発揮する為には、荷のグループの数ｎは、２〜５が好ましい。
一定期間内の出庫に要する時間を少なくするには、各々出庫回数が同じ荷から構成された複数の小グループをそのまま荷グループとするのが好ましいが、配置換えに要する時間とエネルギーを適度に抑えるには、上記のように、２〜５個の荷グループとするのが好ましい。
荷グループの数をそのような数とする方法としては、各々出庫回数が同じ荷から構成された小グループを出庫回数の多い順からｍ個づつ合わせて、順位１〜ｎのｎ個の荷グループに分ける方法があり、その際に当該小グループの数がｍで割り切れない場合は、余りの小グループだけで順位ｎの荷グループとするか、又は、余りの小グループをその前の荷グループに含ませ、当該荷グループを順位ｎの荷グループとするのが適当である。
なお、昼の休憩時間のように、費やせる時間が短いときに配置換えを行う場合には、荷グループの数ｎを小さくし、各グループに含まれる荷の数を大きくして、配置換えされる荷の数を少なくし、逆に、夜間や休日のように、費やせる時間が長いときに配置換えを行う場合には、荷グループの数ｎを大きく、従って、各グループに含まれる荷の数を小さくして、きめ細かい配置換えを行うのが好ましい。
At the time of rearrangement, the loads are divided into n load groups each including a plurality of loads of ranks 1 to n in descending order of the number of times of delivery.
The effect of the present invention is to moderately reduce the time and energy required for rearrangement by performing group rearrangement and only rearranging between groups and not rearranging within the group. In order to fully exhibit, the number n of load groups is preferably 2-5.
In order to reduce the time required for delivery within a certain period, it is preferable to use a plurality of small groups each consisting of loads with the same number of deliveries as they are as load groups, but moderately reduce the time and energy required for rearrangement. As mentioned above, it is preferable to make 2-5 load groups.
As a method for setting the number of cargo groups to such a number, n small groups each composed of cargoes with the same number of times of delivery are arranged in order from the highest number of times of delivery. If the number of the small groups is not divisible by m at that time, either the remaining small group can be used as the load group of rank n, or the remaining small group can be used as the previous load group. It is appropriate to include the load group as a load group of rank n.
In addition, when rearrangement is performed when the time that can be spent is short, such as a break during the day, the number n of load groups is reduced and the number of loads included in each group is increased. On the contrary, when rearrangement is performed when the time that can be spent is long, such as at night or on holidays, the number n of the load groups is increased. It is preferable to reduce the number and perform fine rearrangement.
また、出庫回数の多い荷は、配置換えをして搬出所要時間の短い棚に移すことは搬出の為の時間とエネルギーの節約に繋がるが、出庫回数の少ない荷は、配置換えをして搬出所要時間の短い棚に移しても、搬出の為の時間とエネルギーにそれほど影響しないので、配置換えに要するエネルギーを少なく抑える為に、出庫回数の多い方の（順位の高い）荷グループは少数の荷で構成し、出庫回数の少ない方の（順位の高い）荷グループは多い数の荷で構成する形を採ることもできる。 In addition, changing the placement of a load with a large number of shipments and transferring it to a shelf with a short carry-out time will lead to saving time and energy for carrying out, but a load with a small number of shipments will be replaced and carried out. Even if it is moved to a shelf with a short required time, the time and energy for unloading will not be affected so much, so in order to reduce the energy required for relocation, there are few cargo groups with a higher number of shipments (higher rank). A load group having a higher number of shipments (higher rank) can be configured with a larger number of loads.
以下に、配置換えの際の荷の動きをケース毎に、例を示して説明する。
即ち、配置換えに際しては、現在収納されている収納区画から外れる荷を、その荷が新たに属する収納区画の空の棚に移動させるか、又は、前記空の棚が無い場合は待機区画の棚へ移動させ、当該移動により空いた収納区画の棚に、当該収納区画の棚に入るべき荷であって、異なった収納区画の棚に収納されているか又は待機区画の棚に収納されている荷を、当該収納棚から移動させる。
具体的には、例えば、順位１の荷グループが出庫回数１２の５個の荷からなるのに対し、５個の棚からなる順位１の収納区画には出庫回数１２の荷が４個と出庫回数１１の荷が１個収納され、順位２の収納区画には出庫回数１２の荷が１個収納されている場合、先ず、出庫回数１１の荷を、現在の順位１の収納区画の棚から順位２の収納区画の空いた棚に移動する。但し、順位２の収納区画の空いた棚がない場合は、待機区画の棚に搬送する。次いで、順位２の収納区画の棚に収納されている出庫回数１２の荷を、出庫回数１１の荷が移動することにより空いた順位１の収納区画の棚へ移動する。
Below, the movement of the load at the time of rearrangement will be described by way of example for each case.
That is, at the time of rearrangement, the load that is removed from the currently stored storage compartment is moved to an empty shelf of the storage compartment to which the load newly belongs, or if there is no empty shelf, the standby compartment shelf The load that is to enter the storage compartment shelf in the storage compartment shelf that is vacated by the movement, and is stored in a different storage compartment shelf or in the standby compartment shelf Is moved from the storage shelf.
Specifically, for example, a load group of rank 1 is composed of 5 loads with the number of times of delivery 12, whereas a storage section of rank 1 consisting of 5 shelves has 4 loads with the number of deliveries of 12 pieces. When one load of 11 times is stored and one load of 12 discharges is stored in the storage section of rank 2, first, the load of 11 discharges is taken from the shelf of the storage section of current rank 1. Move to an empty shelf in the storage compartment of rank 2. However, if there is no empty shelf in the storage compartment of rank 2, it is transported to the shelf in the standby compartment. Next, the goods with the number of times of delivery 12 stored on the shelves of the storage compartment of rank 2 are moved to the shelves of the storage compartment of order 1 vacated by the movement of the loads with the number of times of delivery 11.
この、現在収納されている収納区画から外れる荷を移動させることにより空いた収納区画の棚に、当該収納区画の棚に入るべき荷を移動させる際には、当該収納区画の棚に入るべき荷が複数あるときの優先順位を次の如くとするのが好ましい。
(a) 当該収納区画の棚に入るべき複数の荷が、他の収納区画と待機区画の両方にある場合には、待機区画にある荷の移動を優先させる。
(b) 当該収納区画の棚に入るべき複数の荷が、いずれも他の収納区画にある場合には、搬出所要時間が最も短い棚にある荷の移動を優先させる。
このように、現在収納されている収納区画から外れる荷を移動させる場合には、当該荷の入るべき収納区画に空いた棚があるときは、待機区画の棚に移動させずに、直接その空いた棚に移動させ、又、現在収納されている収納区画から外れる荷を移動させることにより空いた棚に当該収納区画の棚に入るべき荷を移動させる場合には、他の収納区画の棚に収納されている荷よりも、待機区画の棚に収納されている荷を優先して移動させることにより、待機区画の棚を少なくし、収納に使用し得る棚の数を多くでき、収納装置を有効に使用することができる。
When moving a load that should enter the storage compartment shelf to a vacant storage compartment shelf by moving the load that is removed from the currently stored storage compartment, It is preferable that the priority order when there are a plurality of is as follows.
(a) When a plurality of loads to be placed on the shelves of the storage section are in both the other storage sections and the standby section, priority is given to the movement of the loads in the standby section.
(b) If a plurality of loads that should enter the shelf of the storage compartment are all in other storage compartments, priority is given to the movement of the load on the shelf with the shortest required carry-out time.
Thus, when moving a load that is removed from the currently stored storage compartment, if there is an empty shelf in the storage compartment where the load is to be placed, the empty compartment is not moved directly to the standby compartment shelf. When moving a load that should enter the shelf of the storage section to a vacant shelf by moving a load that is removed from the currently stored storage section, move it to the shelf of another storage section. By moving the load stored on the shelf in the standby section with priority over the stored load, the number of shelves in the standby section can be reduced and the number of shelves that can be used for storage can be increased. It can be used effectively.
このような操作を繰り返すことにより、荷の属する荷グループの順位と同じ順位の収納区画の棚に該荷が収納されるようにする。即ち、Ｘ個の荷からなる順位１の荷グループに属する荷が、同じくＸ個の棚からなる順位１の収納区画に、Ｙ個の荷からなる順位ｎの荷グループに属する荷が、同じくＹ個の棚からなる順位ｎの収納区画に、各々収納されるように、収納区画の間の荷の搬送による配置換えを行うが、収納区画内で、出庫回数の順番と搬出所要時間の順番とを一致させる配置換えは行わない。即ち、同じ収納区画の搬出所要時間が最も長い棚に、同じ順位の荷グループ内の出庫回数が最も多い荷が収納されていても、そのままとする。
配置換えは、たとえば毎週末や毎月末の如く、予め定めた時期に行うのが適当であるが、必要に応じて、任意の時期に行っても差し支えない。
By repeating such an operation, the load is stored on the shelf of the storage section having the same rank as the rank of the load group to which the load belongs. That is, a load belonging to a rank 1 load group consisting of X loads is also stored in a rank 1 storage section consisting of X shelves, and a load belonging to a rank n load group consisting of Y loads is also defined as Y. The relocation is performed by transporting the load between the storage compartments so that they are respectively stored in the storage compartments of order n composed of individual shelves. In the storage compartment, the order of the number of times of delivery and the order of the time required for delivery The rearrangement to match is not performed. In other words, even if a load having the highest number of times of delivery in the load group of the same rank is stored on the shelf having the longest required time for carrying out in the same storage section, it is left as it is.
The rearrangement is suitably performed at a predetermined time, such as every weekend or at the end of every month, but may be performed at any time as necessary.
棚のグループ分け（収納区画の作成）は、各棚の搬出所要時間に基づいて行うが、立体的に棚が設けられている場合には、棚から搬出口までの距離とその棚の搬出所要時間とは、必ずしも一致しない。即ち、搬送手段が、棚を横に１つ移動する時間と、棚を上下に１つ移動する時間は、必ずしも同じではない。無論、それらに時間を正確に測って、搬出所要時間の順位を決めるのが好ましいが、次のような方法により算出される順位数値の大小比較により、搬出所要時間の順位を決定する方法は、順位数字では整数部分が水平方向の順番を示し、少数部分が垂直方向の順番を示すので、配置換えシステムを組むことが容易で、好ましい方法である。
順位数値＝（棚を搬出口に近い方から横方向に順に数えた場合の順番）
＋（棚を下から順に縦方向に数えた場合の順番−１）×（１＋１×１０ -P）
(但し、Ｐは縦方向の棚の数の桁数であり、搬出口は縦方向最下段で横方向の端の近辺にあるものとする。)
Shelf grouping (creation of storage compartments) is performed based on the time required to carry out each shelf, but if shelves are provided in three dimensions, the distance from the shelf to the carry-out port and the required carry-out of that shelf It does not necessarily coincide with time. That is, the time for the conveying means to move one shelf horizontally and the time for one shelf to move up and down are not necessarily the same. Of course, it is preferable to accurately measure the time to determine the rank of the required time for carrying out, but the method for determining the rank of the required time for carrying out by comparing the rank values calculated by the following method, In the order number, the integer part indicates the horizontal order, and the decimal part indicates the vertical order. Therefore, it is easy to build a rearrangement system, which is a preferable method.
Rank value = (order when the shelves are counted in the horizontal direction from the side closest to the exit)
+ (The order when the shelves are counted in the vertical direction from the bottom −1) × (1 + 1 × 10 −P )
(However, P is the number of digits of the number of shelves in the vertical direction, and the carry-out port is at the bottom in the vertical direction and in the vicinity of the end in the horizontal direction.)
例えば、棚が搬出口から横方向に１６個、縦方向に１２個ある収納装置の場合、ｐは２であるので、搬出口から一番遠い横方向に１６番目、縦方向に下から数えて１２番目の棚の順位数字は、次式より２７．１１となる。
１６＋（１２-１）×（１＋１×１０-2）＝２７．１１
同様にして、各収納区画の順位数字は、第１表の如くとなる。
For example, in the case of a storage device having 16 shelves in the horizontal direction and 12 in the vertical direction from the carry-out port, p is 2, so the 16th in the horizontal direction farthest from the carry-out port and counted from the bottom in the vertical direction. The rank number of the twelfth shelf is 27.11 from the following equation.
16+ (12−1) × (1 + 1 × 10 −2 ) = 27.11
Similarly, the rank numbers of the storage compartments are as shown in Table 1.
従って、この収納装置において、例えば、順位１の収納区画を５個の棚からなる区画とし、順位２の収納区画を１０個の棚からなる区画とし、更に、順位３以下の収納区画に分ける場合、順位１の収納区画には表中の順位番号１．００〜３．０１の棚が属し、順位２の収納区画には表中の順位番号３．０２〜５．０４の棚が属することとなる。 Therefore, in this storage device, for example, the storage compartment of rank 1 is made into a compartment consisting of 5 shelves, the storage compartment of rank 2 is made up of 10 shelves, and further divided into storage compartments of rank 3 or lower. A shelf with rank numbers 1.00 to 3.01 in the table belongs to the storage section of rank 1, and a shelf with rank numbers 3.02 to 5.04 in the table belongs to the storage section with rank 2. Become.
この例の収納装置は、１列の棚群からなるものであるが、複数列の棚群からなるものである場合には、例えば、最も搬出口に近い列がＡ列、２番目に搬出口に近い列がＢ列とし、Ｂ列に設けられた棚中の搬出口に最も近い棚の搬出所要時間をＴとしたとき、Ｂ列に設けられた各棚について前記の式で算出した数値に、Ａ列に設けられた棚中の搬出所要時間が同じＴである棚について前記の式で算出した数値を加えた数値を順位数値とし、更に、同じ順位数字であるもののについて列毎の優先順位を識別する数値を組み合わせれば良い。 The storage device of this example is composed of one row of shelf groups, but when the storage device is composed of a plurality of rows of shelf groups, for example, the row closest to the carry-out port is the A row and the second carry-out port. If the row required for carrying out the shelf closest to the carry-out port in the shelf provided in row B is T, the value calculated by the above formula for each shelf provided in row B , A numerical value obtained by adding the numerical value calculated by the above formula for the shelf having the same T required for carrying out in the shelf provided in the column A is a ranking numerical value, and further, the priority ranking for each column for the same ranking number What is necessary is just to combine the numerical value which identifies.
第１表を例にとると、例えば、Ｂ列の下からの順番が１で横方向の順番が１の棚ｂ11の搬出所要時間と、Ａ列の下からの順番が１で横方向の順番が３の棚ａ13の搬出所要時間とが同じであるときは、棚ｂ11について前記の式で算出した数値の１．００に、棚ａ13について前記の式で算出した数値の３．００を加えた４．００を棚ｂ11の順位番号とする。そして更に、Ａ列、Ｂ列の全ての棚について、少数以下３桁目に、列を区別する数字を付けて、例えば棚ａ14には４．００１を、棚b11には４．００２を付ければ、列毎の優先順位も加味した順位数字とすることができる。
なお、この順位数字は、コンピューターが搬出所要時間の順位を認識する為のものであり、その目的を達成し得るものであれば、数値とアルファベットとの組み合わせであっても、アルファベットの組み合わせであっても、差し支えない。
Taking Table 1 as an example, for example, the time required to carry out the shelf b11 where the order from the bottom of row B is 1 and the horizontal order is 1, and the order from the bottom of row A is 1 and the horizontal order When the time required for carrying out the third shelf a13 is the same, the numerical value 3.00 calculated by the above equation for the shelf a13 is added to the numerical value 1.00 calculated by the above equation for the shelf b11. 4.00 is the rank number of shelf b11. Further, for all the shelves in the A column and the B column, a number for distinguishing the columns is added to the third decimal place, for example, 4.001 is added to the shelf a14, and 4.0002 is added to the shelf b11. , It can be a ranking number that also takes into account the priority order for each column.
This rank number is for the computer to recognize the rank of the required time to carry out, and if it can achieve its purpose, it is a combination of letters and numbers even if it is a combination of numbers and letters. However, there is no problem.
実施例１
ジャンボロールの仕掛品から、受注数量を裁断加工し、包装後製品として出荷する、仕上げ加工工場のスリッター部門において、７２種の荷を、棚が横方向に１１個、縦方向に９個並んだ、合計９９個の棚を有する自動収納装置に収納した。
７２種の荷の、出庫回数（１５日間）別の内訳は、次の如くとなる。
１２回：１種 １１回：２種 １０回：２種 ９回：３種 ８回：７種 ７回：１１種 ６回：１２種 ５回：８種 ４回：７種 ３回：６種 ２回：７種 １回：４種 ０回：２種
配置換えを行う前の、各棚への荷の配置状況は、第２表の如くである。表中の数字は、当該棚に収納された荷の出庫回数を示している。
Example 1
In the slitter department of the finishing factory, which cuts orders from jumbo roll work in progress and ships them as packaging products, 72 kinds of loads are arranged in 11 shelves in the horizontal direction and 9 in the vertical direction. And stored in an automatic storage device having a total of 99 shelves.
The breakdown of the 72 types of shipments by number of shipments (15 days) is as follows.
12 times: 1 type 11 times: 2 types 10 times: 2 types 9 times: 3 types 8 times: 7 types 7 times: 11 types 6 times: 12 types 5 times: 8 types 4 times: 7 types 3 times: 6 types 2 times: 7 types 1 time: 4 types 0 times: 2 types The arrangement state of the load on each shelf before the rearrangement is as shown in Table 2. The numbers in the table indicate the number of shipments of the cargo stored on the shelf.
この自動収納装置においては、棚から荷を取り出すのに要する時間は各１分間であり、棚を横方向又は上下方向に１つ移動するのに要する時間は各２秒である。
第２表の配置において、１５日間に３９０回の搬出入があり、その際に搬出に要した時間は、１３８０分であった。
In this automatic storage device, the time required to take out the load from the shelf is 1 minute each, and the time required to move one shelf horizontally or vertically is 2 seconds each.
In the arrangement shown in Table 2, there were 390 times of loading / unloading in 15 days, and the time required for unloading at that time was 1380 minutes.
第２表の配置から、本発明に従った配置換えを行った。
配置換えに際しては、棚の搬出所要時間の順番は、前記の式で算出した順位数字を使用して決定した。この、自動収納装置の各棚の順位数字は、第３表の如くである。表中の数字は、当該棚の順位数字を示している。
The arrangement according to the present invention was changed from the arrangement shown in Table 2.
At the time of rearrangement, the order of the time required for carrying out the shelf was determined using the rank number calculated by the above formula. Table 3 shows the rank numbers of the respective shelves of the automatic storage device. The numbers in the table indicate the rank numbers of the shelf.
荷を、各々出庫回数の同じ荷からなる１２個の小グループに分け、各小グループを順位１〜１２の荷グループとし、一方、棚の方も同様に順位１〜１２の１２個の収納区画に分け、荷が、その荷の属する荷グループの順位と同じ順位の収納区画の棚に収納されるように配置換えを行った。
なお、現在収納されている収納区画から外れる荷を移動させることにより空いた収納区画の棚に、当該収納区画の棚に入るべき荷を移動させる際には、当該収納区画の棚に入るべき荷が複数あるときの優先順位は、次の如くとした。
(a) 当該収納区画の棚に入るべき複数の荷が、他の収納区画と待機区画の両方にある場合には、待機区画にある荷の移動を優先させる。
(b) 当該収納区画の棚に入るべき複数の荷が、いずれも他の収納区画にある場合には、搬出所要時間が最も短い棚にある荷の移動を優先させる。
その結果、各棚への荷の配置状況は、第４表の如くとなった。表中の数字は、当該棚に収納された荷の出庫回数を示している。
この配置換えに要した荷の移動回数は、６７回であり、待機区画の棚の使用は、最大２個であった。
第４表の配置においては、搬出入の回数は、第２表の配置と同じく、１５日間で３９０回であるが、その際に搬出に要した時間は、４７９分であった。
The load is divided into 12 small groups each having the same number of shipments, and each small group is made into a load group of ranks 1 to 12, while the shelf is similarly divided into 12 storage compartments of ranks 1 to 12. The load was rearranged so that the load was stored on the shelves of the storage compartment having the same rank as the load group to which the load belongs.
In addition, when moving a load that should enter the storage compartment shelf to a vacant storage compartment shelf by moving a load that is removed from the currently stored storage compartment, the load that should enter the storage compartment shelf The order of priority when there are a plurality of is as follows.
(a) When a plurality of loads to be placed on the shelves of the storage section are in both the other storage sections and the standby section, priority is given to the movement of the loads in the standby section.
(b) If a plurality of loads that should enter the shelf of the storage compartment are all in other storage compartments, priority is given to the movement of the load on the shelf with the shortest required carry-out time.
As a result, the load distribution on each shelf was as shown in Table 4. The numbers in the table indicate the number of shipments of the cargo stored on the shelf.
The number of times of movement of the load required for this rearrangement was 67 times, and the maximum number of shelves in the standby section was two.
In the arrangement of Table 4, the number of times of carry-in / out was 390 times in 15 days as in the arrangement of Table 2, but the time required for carrying out was 479 minutes.
実施例２
実施例１における、各々出庫回数の同じ荷からなる１２個の小グループのうちの、出庫回数１２〜６の小グループを合わせて順位１の荷グループとし、出庫回数５〜０の小グループを合わせて順位２の荷グループとして、２つの荷グループを形成し、一方、棚の方も同様に順位１及び２の２個の収納区画に分け、実施例と同様に配置換えを行った。
その結果、各棚への荷の配置状況は、第５表の如くとなった。表中の数字は、当該棚に収納された荷の出庫回数を示している。
この配置換えに要した荷の移動回数は、３７回であり、待機区画の棚は使用しなかった。
第５表の配置においては、搬出入の回数は、第２表の配置と同じく、１５日間で３９０回であるが、その際に搬出に要した時間は、５１１分であった。
Example 2
In the first embodiment, among the 12 small groups having the same number of times of delivery, the small groups with the number of times of delivery 12 to 6 are combined into a load group of rank 1, and the small groups with the number of times of delivery of 5 to 0 are combined. As a load group of rank 2, two load groups were formed. On the other hand, the shelf was similarly divided into two storage sections of ranks 1 and 2, and rearrangement was performed in the same manner as in the example.
As a result, the load distribution on each shelf is as shown in Table 5. The numbers in the table indicate the number of shipments of the cargo stored on the shelf.
The number of times of movement of the load required for this rearrangement was 37 times, and the shelf of the standby section was not used.
In the arrangement of Table 5, the number of carry-in / out was 390 times in 15 days, as in the arrangement of Table 2, but the time required for carrying out was 511 minutes.
Claims (9)
(a) 当該収納区画の棚に入るべき複数の荷が、他の収納区画と待機区画の両方にある場合には、待機区画にある荷の移動を優先させる。
(b) 当該収納区画の棚に入るべき複数の荷が、いずれも他の収納区画にある場合には、搬出に要する時間が最も短い棚にある荷の移動を優先させる。 There are multiple loads that should enter the shelves of the storage section when moving the loads that should enter the shelves of the storage section to the shelves of the empty storage section by moving the load that is removed from the currently stored storage section. 3. The automatic storage device according to claim 2, wherein the priority order is as follows.
(a) When a plurality of loads to be placed on the shelves of the storage section are in both the other storage sections and the standby section, priority is given to the movement of the loads in the standby section.
(b) If a plurality of loads that should enter the shelf of the storage compartment are all in other storage compartments, priority is given to the movement of the load on the shelf that takes the shortest time to carry out.
順位数値＝（棚を搬出口に近い方から横方向に順に数えた場合の順番）
＋（棚を下から順に縦方向に数えた場合の順番−１）×（１＋１×１０ -P）
(但し、Ｐは縦方向の棚の数の桁数であり、搬出口は縦方向最下段で横方向の端の近辺にあるものとする。) In an automatic storage device having a plurality of shelves divided in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, a rank value calculated by the following formula is attached to each shelf, and the smaller shelf is required for carrying out the comparison of the rank values. The automatic storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the automatic storage device is regarded as a shelf having a short time.
Rank value = (order when the shelves are counted in the horizontal direction from the side closest to the exit)
+ (The order when the shelves are counted in the vertical direction from the bottom −1) × (1 + 1 × 10 −P )
(However, P is the number of digits of the number of shelves in the vertical direction, and the carry-out port is at the bottom in the vertical direction and in the vicinity of the end in the horizontal direction.)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007088551A JP2008247514A (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2007-03-29 | Automatic storage device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007088551A JP2008247514A (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2007-03-29 | Automatic storage device |
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| JP2008247514A true JP2008247514A (en) | 2008-10-16 |
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| JP2007088551A Pending JP2008247514A (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2007-03-29 | Automatic storage device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111792248A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-10-20 | 北京京东乾石科技有限公司 | Method and device for adjusting the level of a magazine |
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- 2007-03-29 JP JP2007088551A patent/JP2008247514A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111792248A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-10-20 | 北京京东乾石科技有限公司 | Method and device for adjusting the level of a magazine |
| CN111792248B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2024-03-01 | 北京京东乾石科技有限公司 | Method and device for adjusting storage position of material box |
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