JP2008239655A - Reforming apparatus, gas turbine power generating installation, and method for controlling reforming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reforming apparatus in which the generation of cokes from heavy oil is suppressed in a heavy oil heater. <P>SOLUTION: The reforming apparatus includes a low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6a for heating the heavy oil, and a high-pressure heavy oil preheater 12 for further raising the temperature of the heavy oil after being heated in the order from the upstream side of a system for feeding the heavy oil, and further includes a reformer 32 for reforming the heated heavy oil from the feeding system by high-temperature high-pressure water, and separating the product into a reformed oil and tar. By the invention, the generation of the cokes from the heavy oil in the heavy oil heater can be suppressed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a reforming reaction apparatus, a gas turbine power generation facility, and a control method for a reforming reaction apparatus.

  In order to use heavy oil as a fuel for a gas turbine power generation facility, it is necessary to remove vanadium that causes corrosion of gas turbine blades and to reduce the viscosity of the oil.

  As a method for realizing this, there is known a technique for producing a reformed fuel by reforming heavy oil by reforming a mixed fluid of heavy oil and high-temperature high-pressure water under conditions of 350 to 550 ° C. and 5 to 30 MPa. ing.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-286858 discloses that a reformer under a high temperature and high pressure condition is mixed with a heavy oil and water to undergo a reforming reaction to produce a lightened reformed oil from the heavy oil. A gas turbine power generation facility for use as fuel is disclosed.

JP 2003-286858 A

  By the way, in the heavy oil heater which heats heavy oil under high temperature and high pressure conditions, the reaction which separates into a light component and a heavy component by thermal decomposition advances. The heavy component is changed to a highly viscous tar by repeated polymerization. When the temperature becomes too high and the polymerization proceeds too much, tar changes to coke in which part of the heavy component is solid and adheres to the inner surface of the heat transfer tube of the heavy oil heater. And there is a possibility of inhibiting heat transfer to heavy oil.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to suppress coke generation from heavy oil in a heavy oil heater.

  In order from the upstream side of the system that supplies heavy oil, a low-pressure heavy oil preheater that heats heavy oil and a high-pressure heavy oil preheater that further raises the temperature of the heated heavy oil are provided. It is provided with a reformer that undergoes a reforming reaction with high-temperature and high-pressure water to separate it into reformed oil and tar.

  According to the present invention, generation of coke from heavy oil can be suppressed in the heavy oil heater.

  A reforming reaction apparatus, a gas turbine system equipped with a reforming reaction apparatus, and a control method thereof for producing reformed fuel by reforming heavy oil will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a reforming reaction apparatus 100 for producing a reformed fuel from heavy oil by a reforming reaction of heavy oil and high-temperature high-pressure water.

  The system for supplying heavy oil is a system including a pump or the like provided for supplying heavy oil in the heavy oil tank 1 to the reformer 32, and is located upstream of the reformer 32. Hereinafter, each apparatus provided in the system | strain which supplies heavy oil is demonstrated.

  First, a heavy oil tank 1, a low-pressure heavy oil pump 2 that pressurizes the heavy oil supplied from the heavy oil tank 1, and a reforming oil cooler 5 that raises the temperature of the pressurized heavy oil 4 are provided. The heavy oil 4 is heated in the reformed oil cooler 5 and then supplied to the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6a to thermally decompose it to a heavy oil composition suitable for the reforming reaction with high-temperature and high-pressure water. The temperature is raised to ° C. As the high-temperature and high-pressure water, supercritical water or subcritical water can be used.

  After the temperature is raised by the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6a, the pyrolyzed heavy oil is supplied to the heavy oil cooler 7 to be cooled and separated into a gas component 8 and a liquid component (pyrolytic heavy oil) 9 generated in the process of pyrolysis. To do. The pyrolysis heavy oil 9 is supplied by a high-pressure heavy oil pump 10, and is heated to 350 to 450 ° C. and 5 to 30 MPa, which is suitable for the reforming reaction, and the pressure is increased in the high-pressure heavy oil preheater 12. Thus, when heating heavy oil, generation | occurrence | production of coke can be suppressed by dividing into a low pressure heavy oil preheater and a high pressure heavy oil preheater. The cooling temperature of the pyrolysis heavy oil 8 in the heavy oil cooler 7 is sufficient up to the allowable use temperature of the high pressure heavy oil pump 10. When the allowable use temperature is higher than the heavy oil temperature at the low pressure heavy oil preheater 6a outlet, the heavy oil cooler 7 is not necessarily provided.

  On the other hand, the water 24 supplied from the water tank 21 through the high-pressure water system 23 by the high-pressure water pump 22 is heated by the heavy oil cooler 7 and then reformed by the high-pressure water preheater 25. The temperature is raised to 350 to 450 ° C. and 5 to 30 MPa, and the pressure is increased.

  The pyrolysis heavy oil 9 and water 24 whose temperature has been raised and increased are mixed in the mixer 31 and then supplied to the reformer 32. And the reformed fuel 33 which is a light component in pyrolysis heavy oil is extracted with the high-temperature / high-pressure water 24. The heavy component tar 34 existing under the reformer 32 due to gravity is extracted from the tar system 35 and stored in the tar tank 36.

The light component reformed fuel 23 and water 24 extracted by the reformer 32 are supplied to the gas-liquid separator 39 after being decompressed by the decompressor 38 provided in the reformed fuel system 37. Inside the gas-liquid separator 39, a cooling heat transfer tube 40 in which normal temperature water 24a is flowed is provided. Then, by reducing the temperature of the reformed fuel 33 and the water 24 to below the saturation temperature of the water, the reformed fuel 23 and the water 24 are separated into a liquid reformed oil 42 containing a gaseous reformed gas 41 and water 24. To do. Liquid water 24 and reformed oil 42 are separated by an oil / water separator 51 and stored in a reformed oil tank 43 and a water tank 21, respectively. The reformed oil 42 can be used in combination with the reformed gas 41 or alone as required.

  Heavy metals such as vanadium in heavy oil are mainly contained in the heavy component tar. Therefore, the vanadium concentration of the reformed fuel is reduced, and the viscosity of the reformed oil is also lowered. Therefore, the range of application of heavy oil is widened by producing reformed oil from heavy oil that cannot be used as fuel oil because it contains heavy metals such as vanadium or has high viscosity.

  The heavy oil supply system 3 is connected in parallel with a low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6b different from the normally used low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6a. The switching valves 61a and 61b are provided in the upstream and downstream heavy oil supply systems of the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6a, and the section sandwiched between the switching valves 61a and 61b is particularly referred to as the low-pressure heavy oil supply system 3a. In the present embodiment, different low-pressure heavy oil supply systems 3b are provided in a section sandwiched between the switching valves 61a and 61b.

  The heavy oil 4 is heated to 350 to 550 ° C. in the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6a and thermally decomposed to a heavy oil composition suitable for the reforming reaction at high temperature and high pressure. This pyrolysis produces light and heavy components of heavy oil. Therefore, if the thermal decomposition of heavy oil proceeds too much, heavy components are polymerized to generate solid coke. And coke adheres in the heat exchanger tube of a heavy oil preheater, and there exists a possibility of reducing heat transfer performance.

  In this embodiment, when the heat transfer performance of the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6a is lowered, the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6b is operated by the switching valves 61a and 61b. By such an operation, it is possible to continuously supply heavy oil.

The decrease in heat transfer performance in the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6a can be easily determined by the reading of the thermometer 62 attached to the outer surface of the heat transfer tube. This is because when coke adheres to the inner surface of the heat transfer tube, the coke becomes a thermal resistor, and the temperature of the outer surface of the heat transfer tube rises in the case of a constant heating amount condition (for example, using an electric heater). The temperature increase of the heat transfer tube outer surface accompanying coke adhesion is monitored by the thermometer 62, and when the temperature rises by more than a predetermined set value, for example, 30 ° C. or more from the initial stage, the low pressure heavy oil preheater 6b is heated, It is only necessary to switch to the low-pressure heavy oil supply system 3b at 61b.

  A gas supply system 65 for supplying nitrogen 63 and oxygen 64 is provided at the inlet / outlet of the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6a separated from the system. The gas supply system 65 is provided with a valve 66a for adjusting the supply amount of nitrogen 63, a valve 66b for adjusting the supply amount of oxygen 64, and a valve 66c for discharging nitrogen and oxygen to the outside. These valves are closed when the temperature of the heavy oil 4 is raised by the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6a. When the heavy oil supply system 3a is disconnected from the system by the switching valves 61a and 61b, the valves 66a and 66c are opened to supply nitrogen 63 to the section sandwiched between the switching valves 61a and 61b. Thereafter, the valve 66b is opened to supply oxygen 64, and the coke in the heat transfer tube is gradually burned and removed by adjusting the heat transfer tube temperature and the oxygen concentration. Then, the fuel gas 67 is released to the outside.

  The configuration of the piping of the low-pressure heavy oil supply system 3a and the low-pressure heavy oil supply system 3b arranged in parallel is the same, and in the case where the heat transfer performance deteriorates due to coke adhesion to the inner surface of the heat transfer tube in the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 6b as well. Also, remove the coke in the heat transfer tube in the same way. According to this embodiment, even if coke is generated and adheres to the inner surface of the heat transfer tube of the heavy oil preheater, the reformed fuel can be produced without stopping the heavy oil reforming reaction apparatus.

  In this embodiment, the low pressure heavy oil preheater 6, the high pressure heavy oil preheater 12, the high pressure water preheater 25, and the reformer 32 are heated or kept warm by an electric heater 68. However, it is also possible to raise the temperature or keep the temperature using high temperature steam or high temperature combustion gas. In order to effectively use the heat energy, the temperature of the reformer cooler 5 is increased by supplying the heavy oil 4 and the water 24 to the heavy oil cooler 7 and the temperature is raised. You may supply to the vessel 6 and the high-pressure water preheater 25. Further, a cooling heat transfer tube 40 is disposed for cooling the reformed fuel 33 and the water 24 in the gas-liquid separator 39, and low-temperature water is sprayed into the gas-liquid separator to thereby spray water. Cooling by latent heat and sensible heat is also possible.

  Next, FIG. 2 shows a reforming reaction apparatus 100 which is another embodiment of the present invention for producing reformed fuel by reforming heavy oil. The reforming reaction apparatus of this embodiment has the same basic configuration as the embodiment shown in FIG. Here, the structure of the different low-pressure heavy oil preheater will be described.

  In this embodiment, two low-pressure heavy oil preheaters having different temperature zones for raising the temperature of heavy oil are provided. Specifically, the low-pressure side low-pressure heavy oil preheater 13 for raising the temperature of the heavy oil 4 to 350 to 400 ° C., and the high-temperature side low-pressure heavy oil preheater 14 a and 14 b for raising the temperature to 350 to 550 ° C. downstream thereof. Is arranged. The low-pressure heavy oil preheater 14a on the high temperature side is arranged in parallel. Coke generated by excessive polymerization of heavy components due to thermal decomposition of heavy oil 4 does not occur unless it is kept at a temperature of 350 to 400 ° C. for a long time. On the other hand, the coke generated by the polymerization is generated in a shorter time as the temperature of the heavy oil 4 becomes higher. Therefore, in this embodiment, the high-pressure low-pressure heavy oil preheater 14 for raising the temperature of the heavy oil 4 to 350 to 550 ° C. is arranged in parallel. Therefore, even if coke is generated and adheres to the inner surface of the heat transfer tube and the heat transfer performance of the heavy oil preheater decreases, the switching valves 61a and 61b provided at the inlet and outlet of the high pressure low pressure heavy oil preheater 14a are switched. Thus, the high-pressure low-pressure heavy oil preheater 14b is operated to continuously supply heavy oil.

The decrease in heat transfer performance of the high-pressure low-pressure heavy oil preheater 14a can be easily determined by the reading of the thermometer 62 attached to the outer surface of the heat transfer tube. An increase in the outer surface temperature of the heat transfer tube due to coke adhesion is monitored by a thermometer 62. Then, when the temperature rises by more than a predetermined set value, for example, 30 ° C. or more from the beginning, the temperature of another high-pressure low-pressure heavy oil preheater 14b is raised and switched to the low-pressure heavy oil supply system 3b by the switching valves 61a and 61b. Continuous fuel oil supply operation becomes possible.

  A gas supply system 65 for supplying nitrogen 63 and oxygen 64 is provided at the inlet / outlet of the high-pressure low-pressure heavy oil preheater 14a separated from the system. As in the first embodiment, the gas supply system 65 is provided with valves 66a, 66b, 66c. Then, when the temperature of the heavy oil 4 is raised by the low-pressure heavy oil preheater 14a on the high temperature side, it is closed. When the low pressure heavy oil supply system 3a is disconnected from the system by the switching valves 61a and 61b, the valves 66a and 66c are opened and nitrogen 63 is supplied into the heat transfer tubes in the section closed by the switching valves 61a and 61b. Thereafter, the valve 66b is opened to supply oxygen 64, and by adjusting the heat transfer tube temperature and oxygen concentration, the coke in the heat transfer tube is gradually burned and removed, and the fuel gas 67 is released to the outside. In this embodiment, coke is generated and attached to the inner surface of the heat transfer tube, and a high-pressure low-pressure heavy oil preheater having a high potential for reducing the performance is arranged in parallel. Therefore, the capacity of the heavy oil preheater that is not always used can be reduced, and the range of the heat transfer tube that burns and removes coke by supplying oxygen can be reduced.

  According to this embodiment, even if coke is generated and adheres to the inner surface of the heat transfer tube in the high-pressure low-pressure heavy oil preheater, the reformed fuel can be produced without stopping the reforming reaction apparatus.

  Next, a gas turbine power generation facility 200 including a reforming reaction apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, the reforming reaction apparatus of the present embodiment has the same basic configuration as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the reformed fuel 33 and the water 24 from the reformer 32 are decompressed to a pressure suitable for combustion in the combustor 71 of the gas turbine by the decompressor 38 and supplied to the gas-liquid separator 39. . The cooling heat transfer tube provided in the gas-liquid separator 39 adjusts the temperature so as to be higher than the saturation temperature of water at the set pressure in the gas-liquid separator. Then, the reformed fuel 33 and the water 24 of the gas-liquid separator 39 supply the reformed oil 42 not containing the water 24 to the reformed oil tank 43. The reformed oil 42 in the reformed oil tank 43 is supplied to the combustor 71 through the reformed oil system 46 by the reformed oil pump 45 in an amount necessary for the combustor 71 of the gas turbine. Further, the gaseous reformed gas 41 and water (steam) 24 generated in the gas-liquid separator 39 are supplied directly to the combustor 71 of the gas turbine through the reformed gas system 44. In the combustor 71, air compressed by the compressor 72 is also supplied, and the reformed oil 42 and the reformed gas 41 are combusted in the combustor 71 together with the compressed air. Combustion gas generated by combustion in the combustor 71 drives the turbine 73, and the turbine 73 is driven to rotate the generator 74 to generate electric power to obtain electric power.

  The present invention relates to a heavy oil reforming reaction apparatus in which heavy oil and water are mixed and reformed under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and separated into a light component reformed fuel and a heavy component tar to produce a reformed fuel. In addition, the present invention can be applied to a gas turbine system including a reforming reaction apparatus using reformed fuel as fuel.

The figure which shows the reforming reaction apparatus which makes the reforming reaction of the heavy oil which is one Example of this invention, and manufactures a reformed fuel. The figure which shows the reforming reaction apparatus which makes the reforming reaction of the heavy oil which is another Example of this invention, and manufactures a reformed fuel. The plant system diagram which shows the gas turbine system provided with the reforming reaction apparatus which manufactures reformed fuel from the heavy oil which is another Example of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Heavy oil tank
2 Low pressure heavy oil pump 6a, 6b Low pressure heavy oil preheater 12 High pressure heavy oil preheater 13 Low pressure side low pressure heavy oil preheater 14 High temperature side low pressure heavy oil preheater 21 Water tank 31 Mixer 32 Reformer 33 Reformation Fuel 34 Tar 35 Tar system 36 Tar tank 37 Reformed fuel system 38 Decompressor 39 Gas-liquid separator 40 Heat transfer pipe 41 for cooling 41 Reformed gas 42 Reformed oil 43 Reformed oil tank 61a, 61b Switching valve 62 Thermometer 65 Gas Supply system 66a, 66b, 66c Valve 71 Combustor 72 Compressor 73 Gas turbine 74 Generator 100 Reforming reactor 200 Gas turbine power generation facility

Claims (6)

  In order from the upstream side of the system that supplies heavy oil, a low-pressure heavy oil preheater that heats heavy oil and a high-pressure heavy oil preheater that further raises the temperature of the heated heavy oil are provided. A reforming reaction apparatus comprising a reformer that undergoes a reforming reaction with high-temperature and high-pressure water and separates it into reformed oil and tar.   The reforming reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the low-pressure heavy oil preheaters are provided in parallel.   The reforming reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a gas supply system for supplying oxygen and an inert gas to the low-pressure heavy oil preheater is provided.   In order from the upstream side of the system supplying heavy oil, the low-temperature low-pressure heavy oil preheater and the high-temperature low-pressure heavy oil preheater with different temperature zones for heating heavy oil, and the heated heavy oil are further increased. A reforming reaction characterized by comprising a high-pressure heavy oil preheater for heating, and a reformer for reforming the heated heavy oil from the supply system with high-temperature high-pressure water to separate it into reformed oil and tar apparatus.   A gas turbine power generation facility comprising the reforming reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reformed oil is used as a gas turbine fuel. A low-pressure heavy oil preheater for heating heavy oil and a high-pressure heavy oil preheater for further heating the heated heavy oil are provided in order from the upstream side, and the heated heavy oil is subjected to a reforming reaction with high-temperature high-pressure water. A method for controlling a reforming reaction apparatus having a reformer that separates reformed oil and tar,
A plurality of the low-pressure heavy oil preheaters are provided in parallel,
A control method for a reforming reaction apparatus, wherein when the performance inside a heat transfer tube provided in the low-pressure heavy oil preheater is deteriorated, the remaining low-pressure heavy oil preheater is switched to use.

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