JP2008215455A - Air spring for railroad vehicle and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air spring for a railroad vehicle improved so as to minimize the lateral swinging movement of a vehicle, while adopting a structure suspendible with an excellent ride quality by the air spring and an elastic means by a further structural device, in the air spring for the railroad vehicle of a structure for supporting the air spring via the elastic means. <P>SOLUTION: This air spring for the railroad vehicle has a car body side outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 2 arranged under its outer cylinder, and an elastic material diaphragm 3 arranged over both of these 1 and 2, and is formed by interposing the cushioning elastic means 5 between upper-lower parts of the inner cylinder 2 and a bogie side support member 4, and is constituted so that a contact part (t) of the support member 4 and the inner cylinder 2 becomes a surface contact state, by arranging a stopper mechanism 6 for regulating the relative lateral directional movement of both of these 4 and 2 in a predetermined range by contact section (t) of the support member 4 and the inner cylinder 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an air spring for a railway vehicle that has a stopper structure that restricts rolling within a predetermined range so that the ride feeling can be improved.

  This type of air spring for railway vehicles is made of an elastic material provided across the outer cylinder on the vehicle body side, the inner cylinder arranged below the outer cylinder, as disclosed in Patent Document 1. There is known a diaphragm having a diaphragm, and an elastic means for cushioning interposed between the inner cylinder and the support member on the carriage side.

  A railcar air spring may swing relatively large in the vehicle traveling direction, but if it swings too much in the left-right direction, the feeling of boarding is easily lost and the stability of the vehicle is not good. Therefore, conventionally, as shown in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the elastic means for cushioning is a laminated rubber formed by alternately laminating a plurality of elastic rubber layers and metal plates. The movement was supposed to be regulated.

However, in the case of the elastic means of the laminated rubber structure adopted in Patent Document 1, the design that focuses on the left and right swing movement regulation is not sufficient in the amount of allowable swing movement in the vehicle traveling direction, and the allowable amount in the vehicle traveling direction is insufficient. In the design that focuses on the amount of shaking movement, the left and right shaking movement regulation tended to be insufficient.
JP-A-8-284998

  An object of the present invention is to provide a railcar air spring having a structure that supports an air spring through elastic means, and further adopts a structure that allows the air spring and elastic means to be suspended with a good ride feeling while adopting a structure of the vehicle. It is the point which implement | achieves and provides the air spring for rail vehicles improved so that the swinging motion of right and left can be restrained small.

The invention according to claim 1 includes an outer cylinder 1 on the vehicle body side, an inner cylinder 2 disposed below the outer cylinder 1, and a diaphragm 3 made of an elastic material provided over both of them 1 and 2, In an air spring for a railway vehicle in which elastic means 5 for cushioning is interposed between the inner cylinder 2 and the support member 4 on the carriage side,
A stopper mechanism 6 is provided for restricting the relative lateral movement of the support member 4 and the inner cylinder 2 within a predetermined range by contact between the support member 4 and the inner cylinder 2, and the support member 4 and the inner cylinder 2 are provided. The contact part t is configured to be in a surface contact state.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the air spring for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the elastic means 5 is between the upper and lower sides of the annular inner tube 2 and the circular flange 9 formed on the support member 4. The stopper is composed of an outer peripheral surface of a columnar portion 8A and an inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 2 that are formed with a cylindrical elastic body 5A interposed therebetween and are erected from the support member 4 inside the elastic body 5A. The mechanism 6 is configured, and the two-surface width portions 16A and 16A formed on the outer peripheral surface of the columnar portion 8A are opposed to each other on the inner peripheral surface so as to correspond to the two-surface width portions 16A and 16A. The pair of linear surface portions 15a are in contact with each other.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the railcar air spring according to the second aspect, the straight surface portion 16A is bolted to the inner cylinder 2 so as to protrude inward from the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 2. It is comprised by the separate member 15 to be performed.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing an air spring for a railway vehicle according to the second or third aspect, the support member 4 and the inner cylinder 2 are arranged so that the contact portion t is in a surface contact state. It includes a positioning step for performing relative positioning in the horizontal direction.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing an air spring for a railway vehicle according to the fourth aspect, the positioning step includes a notch 25 formed in an outer peripheral portion of the circular flange 9 and the support member 4. This is performed by engaging a protrusion 33 formed on the jig 31.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the method of manufacturing a railcar air spring according to the fourth aspect, the positioning step includes a standing pin 27 projecting from the circular flange 9 and a jig for the support member 4. This is performed by engaging with an insertion hole 34 formed in the tool 31.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, by providing the stopper mechanism, it is possible to regulate the rolling (lateral movement) due to the elastic deformation of the elastic means so as to be within a predetermined range. In addition, since the support member constituting the stopper mechanism and the inner cylinder come into contact with each other in a surface contact (with a wide area), for example, when one of them is pointed or a circular arc surface, a line contact state occurs. Compared with, there is no local deformation such as indentation or dent due to contact, and the deformation does not progress with time, and the desired roll control action is demonstrated stably over a long period of time. Will come to be.

  As a result, the left and right swaying movement of the vehicle is improved while adopting a structure that allows the air spring and the elastic means to be suspended with a good feeling of riding by further structural contrivance of the air spring for the railway vehicle that supports the air spring through the elastic means. It is possible to provide a stable air spring for a railway vehicle that can be stably suppressed in a small size and that is also improved in durability.

  According to the invention of claim 2, by making the elastic body cylindrical, it is possible to arrange a column portion rising from the support member on the inside thereof, and abut the column portion and the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder. With this configuration, it is possible to adopt a rational structure in which a stopper mechanism is provided within the size range of the elastic means. In other words, there is an advantage that a compact stopper mechanism can be constructed that is housed inside the air spring, functions stably without causing inconvenience such as biting of foreign matter such as dust. In this case, if another member bolted to the inner cylinder is in contact with the two-surface width portion as in claim 3, the material of the inner cylinder does not have to be hard for the stopper mechanism. As a result, the degree of freedom in selecting the material of the inner cylinder is increased, and the accompanying effect that the durability can be improved by replacing parts (separate members) is exhibited.

  According to the fourth aspect of the invention, in producing the railcar air spring capable of obtaining the above-described effect according to the second and third aspects, the positioning member employed in the manufacturing method and the inner support member in the product state It is possible to obtain a configuration in which the stopper mechanism in a state where the cylinder comes into contact with the surface always functions. In other words, at the time of creating the stopper mechanism part, there is no hassle of positioning so that a surface contact state is realized each time, and a railway having a durable stopper mechanism by a simple method of performing a positioning process. A vehicle air spring can be obtained. And, as the positioning step, as in claim 5, a method of engaging a notch formed in the outer peripheral portion of the circular flange with a protruding piece formed in a jig for the support member, or claim As shown in FIG. 6, a method can be adopted in which an upright pin protruding from a circular flange is engaged with an insertion hole formed in a jig for a support member.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of an air spring for a railway vehicle according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of an air spring, FIGS. 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views and plan views of a main part showing a stopper mechanism, FIGS. 4 and 5 are views showing alignment means in a positioning step, and FIG. 6 is a stopper. It is a top view of the principal part which shows another structure of a mechanism.

[Example 1]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the air spring A for a railway vehicle according to the first embodiment is disposed across the outer cylinder 1 on the vehicle body side, the inner cylinder 2 disposed below the outer cylinder 1, and both of these 1 and 2. And an elastic member 5 made of elastic material such as rubber, and an elastic means 5 for cushioning is interposed between the upper and lower sides of the inner cylinder 2 and a base (an example of a support member) 4 on the carriage side. Has been. A stopper mechanism 6 is provided for restricting the relative lateral movement of the pedestal 4 and the inner cylinder 2 within a predetermined range by the abutment between the pedestal 4 and the inner cylinder 2, and the abutment between the pedestal 4 and the inner cylinder 2 is provided. It is comprised so that a part may be in a surface contact state.

  The outer cylinder 1 includes a support seat 1a having a circular shape or the like made of two upper and lower steel plates, a cylindrical portion 1b fixed to the lower surface thereof, and a lower end plate 1c fixed to the lower end portion of the cylindrical portion 1b. The support shaft 1d is composed of a rubber ring-shaped upper seat 1e on the outer diameter side of the cylindrical portion 1b and on the lower surface side of the support seat 1a. The support shaft 1d having the shaft center P is attached so as to protrude upward from the lower end plate 1c through the support seat 1a. The upper seat 1e is configured to exhibit a function of receiving the upper portion 3a of the diaphragm 3 with a large area. A sliding plate 14 made of a stainless steel plate is attached to the lower side of the lower end plate 1c. Further, an outer cover 10 made of an elastic material such as rubber is provided so as to surround the diaphragm 3 from the outer peripheral end of the support seat 1a to the elastic means 5.

  The inner cylinder 2 is composed of a ring-shaped substrate 2a and a regulating plate 2b bolted to the upper surface side of the ring-shaped substrate 2a. The lower end of the diaphragm 3 is fixed to the lower receiving seat 11 fixed to the outer periphery of the substrate 2a. The part 3b is mounted and received and supported. The lower receiving seat 11 is composed of a steel plate reinforcing portion 11A and a rubber receiving member 7 laminated thereon. As will be described in detail later, stopper plates 15 having L-shaped cross sections are bolted to the left and right of the inner peripheral portion (inner peripheral surface 2A) of the substrate 2a.

  The pedestal 4 is formed to have a cylindrical shaft portion 8 having the same axis P as the support shaft 1d, and a flange plate portion (an example of a circular flange) 9 formed integrally with the upper and lower intermediate portions of the cylindrical shaft portion 8. The upper end portion 8a of the cylindrical shaft upper portion 8A having a substantially truncated cone shape in the cylindrical shaft portion 8 having a cylindrical shaft lower portion 8B and a cylindrical shaft upper portion (an example of a columnar portion) 8A is formed on the restriction plate 2b. It is located at the height level of the inner periphery. A carriage (not shown) having a plurality of wheels is attached to the lower cylinder shaft 8 so as to be swingable about the axis P. The cylindrical shaft upper portion 8A (upper end portion 8a) is formed with a female screw 28 opened upward so that other objects such as a cushioning material and a regulating material can be attached.

  In the elastic means 5, a plurality of cylindrical elastic rubber layers 12 and metal plates (an example of a hard plate) 13 are alternately stacked between the flange plate portion 9 of the base 4 and the substrate 2a of the inner cylinder 2 alternately. It has an elastic body 5A having a laminated rubber structure. The aforementioned outer cover 10 is externally fitted to the second stage portion from below the upper and lower four-stage elastic rubber layers 12 in the elastic body 5A.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the base 4 and the base 4 are brought into contact with each other through a stopper plate (an example of another member) 15 between the upper end 8 a that is the support member 4 and the restriction plate 2 b that is the inner cylinder 2. The stopper mechanism 6 is configured to restrict the movement in the left-right direction relative to the inner cylinder 2 within a predetermined range. And it is comprised so that the contact part t of the stopper plate 15 which is a member by the side of the inner cylinder 2 and the upper end part 8a may be in a surface contact state. That is, the stopper mechanism 6 is constituted by the outer peripheral surface 16 of the upper end portion 8a, which is a cylindrical portion standing upright from the base 4 inside the elastic body 5A, and the inner peripheral surface 2A of the inner cylinder 2, and the upper end portion 8a is By adopting a substantially oval shape in plan view, the two-surface width portion 16A formed on the outer peripheral surface 16 and the inner surface portions (an example of linear surface portions) 15a, 15a of the stopper plates 15, 15 are in contact with each other. Has been. The two-surface width portion 16A is formed to extend somewhat below the lower surface of the stopper plate 15 in consideration of the sinking of the regulation plate 2b due to the elastic deformation of the elastic body 5A downward.

  More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the central portion of the restriction plate 2b has a substantially rectangular shape that is long in the front-rear direction (arrow B direction), which is the vehicle traveling direction, and short in the left-right direction (arrow B direction). The large through-hole 17 is formed, and the mounting seat 18 is formed at the two left and right sides of the peripheral edge thereof so as to be greatly depressed and depressed. Stopper plates 15 are attached to the mounting seats 18 formed on the left and right sides by vertically facing bolts / nuts 19 and washers 20 penetrating the seat surface portion 15B, which is a horizontal wall. The outer surface of a certain contact surface portion 15A is in surface contact with the front / rear facing surface 21 of the inner peripheral surface 2A composed of a pair of front / rear facing surfaces 21 and a pair of left / right facing surfaces 22. Each stopper plate 15 is long in the front-rear direction, and is disposed so that the front-rear center coincides with the axis P just in the front-rear direction.

  That is, when the elastic body 5A is elastically deformed in the front-rear direction (arrow B direction), almost free deformation is permitted by the large through-hole 17 long in the front-rear direction, and elastic deformation is performed in the left-right direction (arrow A direction). The lateral movement (lateral movement) is restricted within a predetermined range by the stopper mechanism 6 with a narrow left-right direction gap between the two-surface width portion 16A and the contact surface portion 15A. That is, even when the elastic body 5A is swung back and forth, the stopper mechanism 6 functions excellently as expected. And since the contact part t in the stopper mechanism 6 is made into the structure contact | abutted by the wide surface by the two-surface width part 16A and the contact surface part 15A, even if contact | abutting is repeatedly performed by rolling of a railway vehicle. In addition, the stopper mechanism 6 is constructed with excellent durability that functions over a long period of time without causing (or hardly) the two-surface width portion 16A and the contact surface portion 15A to be partially buckled or deformed.

  For example, if the upper end portion 8a of the cylindrical shaft upper portion 8A has a simple cylindrical shape, the contact with the stopper plate 15 becomes line contact (line contact), and deformation such as crushing or depression of the upper end portion 8a occurs at an early stage. There is a tendency that the amount of shaking gradually increases or the durability is not good. On the other hand, as described in the present invention, the above-mentioned problems can be solved at once by forming a two-sided width portion 16A on the upper end portion 8a and performing a simple modification to make a surface contact (surface contact) with the stopper plate 15. As a result, it is possible to realize the stopper mechanism 6 (railway air spring A) that does not change over time in the rolling range and has a long life.

  By the way, when producing the railcar air spring A according to the present invention, the presence of the inner cylinder 2, the elastic means 5, and the stopper mechanism 6, the front-rear and left-right directions of the regulating plate 2b and the elastic means 5 (base 4) are changed. It is necessary to set (adjust) in advance. Specifically, when the elastic body 5A is integrated with the base 4 by vulcanization adhesion, the female screw portion 24 for mounting the regulating plate 2b on the substrate 2a and the two-surface width portion 16A are in a predetermined positional relationship. It is necessary to set it. Usually, the female screw portion 24 is formed at a plurality of locations, for example, four locations are provided around the axis P at every 90 degree equal angle. More specifically, in the step of performing vulcanization adhesion, it is necessary to position the pedestal 4 with respect to the jig 31 when the pedestal 4 is mounted on the jig 31 (see FIG. 4).

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, a notch 25 is provided in advance at a predetermined angular position at the outer peripheral end of the flange plate portion 9 of the base 4, the cylindrical shaft lower portion 8 </ b> B is inserted into the center hole 32 of the jig 31, and Then, a positioning step is performed in which the pedestal 4 is mounted on the jig 31 so that the notch 25 is engaged with the convex portion (an example of a protruding piece) 33 of the jig 31 so that the angular position is adjusted. Then, although illustration is omitted, if the elastic body 5A is mounted on the pedestal 4 set in the jig 31 in the positioning state and then the vulcanization adhesion process is performed, the bolt 2 is fastened to the substrate 2a thereby. A normal assembly state (state shown in FIG. 3) is obtained in which the stopper plates 15 and 15 in the regulation plate 2b and the two-surface width portions 16A and 16A of the base 4 are arranged to face each other.

  That is, in the positioning step (positioning means), the notch 25 formed on the outer peripheral portion of the flange plate portion 9 which is a circular flange is engaged with the convex portion 33 formed on the jig 31 for the base 4. Is to be done. Thereby, the manufacturing method of the air spring A for railway vehicles includes a vulcanization bonding step and a positioning step performed prior to this. Note that the jig 31 shown in FIG. 4 and the like is an image diagram for illustrating a positioning method, and may be different in shape, size, and the like from the actual jig.

  The positioning step (positioning means) may be a method as shown in FIG. That is, an upright pin 27 projecting in the direction of the axis P is provided at a location close to the outer peripheral end of the regulating plate 2b, and an insertion hole 34 to be fitted to the upright pin 27 is formed in the jig 31. Since the cylindrical shaft lower portion 8B is inserted into the center hole 31A of the jig 31, and the positioning step of mounting the pedestal 4 on the jig 31 is performed by adjusting the angular position so that the upright pin 27 is inserted into the insertion hole 34. is there.

[Example 2]
The railcar air spring A according to the second embodiment is different from that according to the first embodiment only in the stopper mechanism 6. As shown in FIG. 6, the stopper mechanism 6 is characterized in that the upper end portion 8a of the cylinder shaft upper portion 8A is formed in a square tube (an example of a columnar portion) having an internal thread 28, and other features are shown in FIG. 3 is the same as the stopper mechanism 6 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In other words, the upper end portion 8a is formed in a rectangular tube (or a square column is acceptable) that has a rectangular shape (square) in plan view having the flat portions 26 and 23 on the front, rear, left and right sides. The left and right plane portions 23 and 23 correspond to the two-surface width portion 16A of the first embodiment, which is advantageous in that the width is wider in the front and rear than that and the contact area with the stopper plate 15 is larger. The front and rear plane portions 26 and 26 do not have to be so-called planes such as a loose curve or a cast surface.

  Moreover, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, in the manufacturing method of the air spring for railcars of Claim 4, a positioning process is carried out to the jig | tool for supporting members so that it may fit in the two-surface width parts 16A and 16A. A manufacturing method is also possible which is performed by fitting engagement holes having a substantially oval cross section formed (in other words, holes having a shape and a size to be fitted around the upper end portion 8a).

[Another Example]
The following configurations (a) to (c), that is, “a configuration in which the contact portion t between the support member 4 and the inner cylinder 2 is brought into a surface contact state when wear is slightly advanced” are the techniques of the present invention. It shall fall into the target category.
(A) Because the relative angle between the cylinder shaft upper portion 8A and the stopper plate 15 is slightly shifted, the two-surface width portion 16A and the inner surface portion 15a are not strictly parallel to each other. : 0.5 degree).
(B) A configuration in which one or both of the two-surface width portion 16A and the inner surface portion 15a are provided with extremely small protrusions that are immediately crushed if they collide once or twice (or several times).
(C) In FIG. 3, the inner surface portion 15a is formed on a curved inner peripheral surface (or curved outer peripheral surface) having a large curvature, and the two-surface width portion 16A has a slightly smaller curvature than the curved inner peripheral surface. The structure formed in the outer peripheral surface (or curved inner peripheral surface with a slightly larger curvature than the curved outer peripheral surface).

Cross-sectional view in the front-rear direction showing the structure of an air spring for a railway vehicle (Example 1) Cross-sectional view in the left-right direction showing the structure of the stopper mechanism in FIG. The top view which shows the stopper mechanism part in FIG. Image diagram showing positioning method 1 Image diagram showing positioning method 2 Plan view of the main part showing another structure of the stopper mechanism (Example 2)

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer cylinder 2 Inner cylinder 3 Diaphragm 4 Support member 5 Elastic means 5A Elastic body 6 Stopper mechanism 8A Columnar part 9 Circular flange 15 Separate member 15a Linear surface part 16A Two-sided width part 25 Notch 27 Standing pin 31 Jig 33 Projection piece 34 Insertion hole A Railway air spring t Contact part

Claims (6)

An outer cylinder on the vehicle body side, an inner cylinder disposed below the outer cylinder, and a diaphragm made of an elastic material provided over both, and a cushion between the upper and lower sides of the inner cylinder and the support member on the carriage side An air spring for a railway vehicle in which an elastic means is interposed,
A stopper mechanism is provided for restricting the relative lateral movement of the support member and the inner cylinder within a predetermined range by contact between the support member and the inner cylinder, and the contact portion between the support member and the inner cylinder is in surface contact. An air spring for a railway vehicle configured to be in a state.   The elastic means is configured by interposing a cylindrical elastic body between upper and lower portions of the annular inner cylinder and a circular flange formed on the support member, and stands up from the support member inside the elastic body. The outer peripheral surface of the formed columnar portion and the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder constitute the stopper mechanism, and the two-surface width portion formed on the outer peripheral surface of the columnar portion, corresponding to these two-surface width portions. The railcar air spring according to claim 1, wherein a pair of linear surface portions opposed to each other on the inner peripheral surface are in contact with each other.   The air spring for a railway vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the straight surface portion is constituted by another member bolted to the inner cylinder so as to protrude inward from the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder.   4. A method for manufacturing an air spring for a railway vehicle according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the support member and the inner cylinder are relatively positioned in a horizontal direction so that the contact portion is in a surface contact state. A method for manufacturing an air spring for a railway vehicle, comprising:   The rail vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the positioning step is performed by engaging a notch formed in an outer peripheral portion of the circular flange with a projecting piece formed in a jig for the support member. Method for manufacturing an air spring.   The railcar air according to claim 4, wherein the positioning step is performed by engaging an upright pin protruding from the circular flange and an insertion hole formed in the jig for the support member. Spring manufacturing method.

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