JP2008212093A - Method for determination of fattening finish of edible animal - Google Patents
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本発明は、食用哺乳動物（単に食用動物ということがある）の肥育仕上がり判定方法に関する。更に詳しくは、牛や豚等の食用動物、特に牛の肥育仕上がりの判定方法に関するものであり、食用動物、特に肉用牛の肥育状態及び仕上がり時期の判定方法を客観的な方法として提供するものである。 The present invention relates to a fattening finish determination method for edible mammals (sometimes simply referred to as edible animals). More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for judging fattening finish of edible animals such as cattle and pigs, particularly cattle, and provides an objective method for judging fattening status and finish time of edible animals, especially beef cattle. It is.
食用哺乳動物としては、牛や豚が代表的である。牛を例にして述べると、牛肉の格付項目には、大別して「歩留等級」と「肉質等級」とがある。「歩留等級」は「一頭から取れる肉量」を表しており、所定の計算式から求めた数値で示される割合（％）で枝肉から正肉が取れることを表す。「肉質等級」は、脂肪交雑、肉の色沢、肉の締まりときめ、脂肪の色沢と質の４項目で判定され、これら４項目の中で最も低い等級を”最終的な”肉質等級として格付される。牛肉の卸売市場価格はこの”最終的な”肉質等級によって決まる。この肉質等級の項目間の関連性については、本発明者らは、以前に統計解析をし、「脂肪交雑」の程度が、「肉の色調」、「締まりときめ」に極めて強く関連していることを明らかにしている。このことは、脂肪交雑の程度が、他の項目を左右し、この程度が生体の時に予め解れば、仕上げに適した時期が解ることを示している。脂肪交雑の程度を客観的に知る方法として、Ｘ線、ＭＲＩ、ＣＴスキャン、超音波エコーなどの方法があるが、いずれも機器が高価であり、携帯性が無く現場で使いにくい、使うのに熟練がいるなどの欠点がある。このことから、通常の仕上げ時期の判断は、従来、単に月齢だったり、外観から判断したりしている。すなわち、牛や豚等の食用哺乳動物、肉用牛の肥育方法についても、一般的な方法は成書などに記載されてはいるものの、実際には、基本的な方法をベースにして、各畜産組合毎、肥育農家毎などで独立した肥育方法がある。これらの方法は、多くの場合機密事項であって、外部には出ないものであり、食用動物の肥育の状態及び仕上り段階の判断は、経験的に、牛や豚等の食用哺乳動物の外観や動作などの観察から行われているのが実情である。 Cattle and pigs are typical examples of edible mammals. Taking beef as an example, the rating items for beef are roughly divided into “yield grade” and “meat quality grade”. “Yield grade” represents “the amount of meat that can be taken from one head” and represents that the carcass can be taken from the carcass at a ratio (%) indicated by a numerical value obtained from a predetermined calculation formula. The “meat quality grade” is determined by four items of fat cross, meat color, meat tightness, fat color and quality, and the lowest of these four items is the “final” meat quality grade. Rated as The beef wholesale market price is determined by this “final” meat quality grade. With regard to the relationship between the meat quality grade items, the present inventors have previously conducted a statistical analysis, and the degree of “fat crossing” is strongly related to “meat color” and “tightness and texture”. It is made clear. This indicates that the degree of marbling affects other items, and if this degree is known beforehand when it is a living body, the time suitable for finishing can be understood. There are methods such as X-ray, MRI, CT scan, and ultrasonic echo as methods for objectively knowing the degree of marbling, but all of them are expensive, not portable and difficult to use in the field. There are shortcomings such as being skilled. For this reason, the judgment of the normal finishing time has conventionally been made simply based on the age or appearance. That is, as for fattening methods for edible mammals such as cattle and pigs and beef cattle, although general methods are described in the books, etc., each method is actually based on the basic method. There are independent fattening methods for each livestock association and each fattening farm. These methods are often confidential matters and are not disclosed to the outside. Judgment of fattening status and finishing stage of edible animals is empirically based on the appearance of edible mammals such as cattle and pigs. It is the actual situation that is done from observation of movement and operation.
仕上げは、牛や豚等の食用哺乳動物の種類によって異なるが、牛を例にして述べると、黒牛として知られる黒毛和種では、以前には３６ヶ月齢、最近では３２ヶ月齢での出荷を目標にして行われていることが多い。もちろん３０ヶ月齢未満での出荷もある。出荷時期（仕上がり状態）の経験的判断は熟練を要し、的確な判断が出来るまでになるには相当の期間がかかる。すなわち、出荷時期における肉質等級の判断と実際の評価との相違は卸売市場価格に影響し、また、いたずらに肥育期間を延ばすと飼育コストが上がって経営を圧迫することになる。従って、だれにでも客観的に肥育状態及び仕上がり時期を判断できる手法の開発が求められている。 The finish varies depending on the type of edible mammal such as cattle and pigs. For example, Japanese cattle known as black cattle are shipped at the age of 36 months and more recently at the age of 32 months. It is often done with the goal. Of course, there are also shipments under 30 months of age. The empirical judgment of the shipping time (finished state) requires skill, and it takes a considerable time before an accurate judgment can be made. That is, the difference between the judgment of the meat quality grade at the shipping time and the actual evaluation affects the wholesale market price, and if the fattening period is unnecessarily extended, the breeding cost increases and pressures management. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a method that enables anyone to objectively determine the fattening state and finish time.
食用動物の肥育状態及び仕上がり時期を判断する手法には、これまで、（１）ＣＴスキャンやＭＲＩなどの医療用機器を応用して的確に判断出来るものの、装置自体が極めて高価で設置場所も限られるもの（例えば、特許文献１：特開平９−８９８０８に記載の食用動物評価用ＣＴスキャナ）、（２）ヒト内科用の超音波エコーの応用は携帯性はあるものの画像の判断には熟練が求められ、且つ機器がそれなりに高価であるもの（例えば、特許文献２：特開平１０−１５１１３０に記載の食用動物用超音波診断装置）、（３）生体から採取した試料（血液、脂肪など）の成分分析によるもの等がある。 To date, methods for judging fattening status and finish time of food animals can be accurately determined by applying medical equipment such as (1) CT scan and MRI, but the equipment itself is extremely expensive and the installation location is limited. (For example, Patent Document 1: CT scanner for evaluation of edible animals described in JP-A-9-89808), (2) Although the application of ultrasonic echoes for human internal medicine is portable, it is difficult to judge images. What is required and the equipment is reasonably expensive (for example, Patent Document 2: Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus for food animals described in JP-A-10-151130), (3) Sample collected from a living body (blood, fat, etc.) By component analysis.
これらの中で、（３）の生体から採取した試料、すなわち、血液、脂肪などの成分分析によるものは比較的安価に分析出来るものが多く、ここで言う脂肪の分析もその一つである。脂肪は血液からの場合は血液の血清から抽出したもの、皮下脂肪の場合は直接採取したものである。分析には、高速液体クロマトグラフィー（ＨＰＬＣ）、あるいはガスクロマトグラフィー（ＧＣ）などがある。ＨＰＬＣ装置は高価であるが、ガスクロマトグラフィー装置はＨＰＬＣ装置に比べると安価である。また、分析後のデータ解析にも熟練はいらず、簡単に行える。 Among these, many samples collected from the living body of (3), that is, those by analysis of components such as blood and fat can be analyzed at a relatively low cost, and the analysis of fat here is one of them. Fat is extracted from blood serum in the case of blood, and directly extracted in the case of subcutaneous fat. Analysis includes high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC). Although the HPLC apparatus is expensive, the gas chromatography apparatus is less expensive than the HPLC apparatus. Also, data analysis after analysis requires no skill and can be performed easily.
本発明は、畜産における食用哺乳動物の肥育分野への利用を目指したものである。牛を例にして述べると、従来、肥育牛の肥育状況（状態）や肥育仕上げ時期の判断は、肥育牛の肥育月齢や体重の推移や、肥育担当者の経験に依存する肥育牛の外観観察などから行われており、必ずしも正確な判断が行われていないという現状である。このため、肥育仕上げ経過あるいは仕上げ適期の判断には、客観的なデータに基づく判断が求められており、そのための方法を開発した。この方法の実施は、初期投資としては肥育牛一頭（黒毛和種）分の費用で行うことができる。これによって、肥育中食用哺乳動物、特に肥育牛の正確な肥育状況の把握と肥育仕上げ時期の推定と判断が客観的に可能になり、効率的な肥育が行え、更に飼料の余剰給与が防止できるなどの肥育経費の削減などにつながる。 The present invention aims to be used in the field of fattening edible mammals in livestock. Taking cattle as an example, traditionally, fattening cattle's fattening status (state) and fattening finishing time are determined by the fattening cow's fattening age and weight transition, and the fattening cow's appearance observation depending on the fattening person's experience The current situation is that accurate judgment is not necessarily made. For this reason, judgment based on objective data is required to judge the progress of fattening finishing or the appropriate time for finishing, and a method has been developed. This method can be implemented at the cost of one fattening cattle (Japanese black cattle) as an initial investment. This makes it possible to objectively understand the accurate fattening status of fattening mammals, especially fattening cattle, and to estimate and judge the fattening finishing time, and can efficiently fatten and prevent excessive feed supply. Leading to reductions in fattening expenses.
牛や豚等の食用哺乳動物の肥育中における肥育状態の把握は外見的観察によることが主体であるが、本発明者らは、食用哺乳動物として牛の肥育中に牛体内部における化学成分特に皮下脂肪（トリアシルグリセロール：ＴＧ）の分子種組成を分析し、この組成が肥育中に変化することを発見し、この組成変化の把握、解析によって肥育中食用哺乳動物、特に牛の肥育状態および肥育仕上げ時期の判定ができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 Grasping of the fattening state during fattening of edible mammals such as cattle and pigs is mainly based on external observations, but the present inventors, as edible mammals, are particularly interested in chemical components in the bovine body during cattle fattening. Analyzing the molecular species composition of subcutaneous fat (triacylglycerol: TG) and discovering that this composition changes during fattening. By grasping and analyzing this composition change, fattening mammals, especially cattle, The inventors have found that the fattening finishing time can be determined, and have completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は以下の構成からなる。
１．肥育中食用哺乳動物体内部におけるトリアシルグリセロールの分子種組成に基いてその食用哺乳動物の肥育状態および仕上がり時期を判定することを特徴とする肥育仕上がり判定方法。
２．前記トリアシルグリセロールの分子種組成の肥育中の変化を解析することによって肥育中食用哺乳動物の肥育状態および仕上がり時期を判定する前記１に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
３．前記哺乳動物生体からの脂肪の分析で検出される複数のトリアシルグリセロールの分子種のうち２種の分子種を組合せて、そのいずれかの分子種組成をＸ値とし、他の分子種組成をＹ値として、Ｘ軸とＹ軸を備えた二次元座標軸に、それら２種の分子種組成をＸＹプロットしたグラフから肥育中食用哺乳動物の肥育状態および仕上がり時期を判定する前記１または２に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
４．前記グラフ上でのＸＹプロット位置が、肥育が進むにつれて、仕上げの終了時期を示す領域に収束し、そのＸＹプロット位置から肥育中食用哺乳動物の肥育状態および仕上がり時期を判定する前記３に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
５．前記トリアシルグリセロールの分子種組成をガスクロマトグラフィーで分析し、前記Ｘ軸とＹ軸を備えた二次元座標軸として二次元ＸＹ直交座標軸を用い、前記２種の分子種の組み合わせのうちいずれかの分子種組成を示すＸ値およびＹ値が、それぞれ、肥育中食用哺乳動物生体から採取した脂肪試料全体に対する重量百分率で示される前記３または４に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
６．前記２種の分子種がＰＰＰと他のいずれかの分子種の組合せである前記３〜５のいずれか１項に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
７．前記２種の分子種がＰＰＰとＰＰＯの組合せ、ＰＰＰとＰＳＯの組合せ、およびＰＰＰとＰＯＬの組合せから選ばれる１組の組合せである前記３〜６のいずれか１項に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
８．前記２種の分子種がＰＰＰとＰＰＯの組合せであって、ＰＰＰ１％以下、かつＰＰＯ６％以下の領域が仕上げの終了時期を示す領域である前記４〜６のいずれか１項に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
９．前記２種の分子種がＰＰＰとＰＳＯの組合せであって、ＰＰＰ１％以下、かつＰＳＯ３％以下の領域が仕上げの終了時期を示す領域である前記４〜６のいずれか１項に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
１０．前記２種の分子種がＰＰＰとＰＯＬの組合せであって、ＰＰＰ１％以下、かつＰＯＬ９％以上の領域が仕上げの終了時期を示す領域である前記４〜６のいずれか１項に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
１１．前記２種の分子種がＰＰＯとＰＯＬの組合せである前記３〜５のいずれか１項に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
１２．前記２種の分子種がＰＰＯとＰＯＬの組合せであって、ＰＰＯ６％以下、かつＰＯＬ９％以上の領域が仕上げの終了時期を示す領域である前記４または５に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
１３．食用哺乳動物が牛である前記１〜１２のいずれか１項に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
１４．牛が黒毛和種である前記１３に記載の肥育仕上がり判定方法。
That is, the present invention has the following configuration.
1. A fattening finish determination method, comprising: determining a fattening state and a finish time of a food mammal based on a molecular species composition of triacylglycerol in the fattening midfood mammal body.
2. 2. The fattening finish determination method according to 1 above, wherein a fattening state and a finish time of a mammal for fattening are determined by analyzing a change in molecular species composition of the triacylglycerol during fattening.
3. Combining two molecular species of a plurality of molecular species of triacylglycerol detected by analysis of fat from the mammalian organism, the molecular species composition of any of them is set as an X value, and the other molecular species composition is 3. The 1 or 2 described above, wherein the fattening state and finish time of the fattening edible mammal are determined from a graph obtained by XY plotting the composition of these two molecular species on a two-dimensional coordinate axis having an X axis and a Y axis as a Y value Method for judging fattening finish.
4). 4. The XY plot position on the graph converges to a region indicating the finishing end time as fattening progresses, and the fattening state and finish time of the fattening food mammal are determined from the XY plot position. Method of judging fattening finish.
5. Analyzing the molecular species composition of the triacylglycerol by gas chromatography, using a two-dimensional XY orthogonal coordinate axis as a two-dimensional coordinate axis having the X-axis and the Y-axis, and any one of the combinations of the two
6). The fattening finish determination method according to any one of 3 to 5, wherein the two molecular species are a combination of PPP and any other molecular species.
7). The fattening finish determination method according to any one of 3 to 6, wherein the two molecular species are one combination selected from a combination of PPP and PPO, a combination of PPP and PSO, and a combination of PPP and POL. .
8). The fattening finish according to any one of the above 4 to 6, wherein the two molecular species are a combination of PPP and PPO, and the region where PPP is 1% or less and
9. The fattening finish according to any one of 4 to 6 above, wherein the two molecular species are a combination of PPP and PSO, and the region where PPP is 1% or less and
10. The fattening finish according to any one of 4 to 6 above, wherein the two molecular species are a combination of PPP and POL, and the region where PPP is 1% or less and POL is 9% or more is the region indicating the finishing time of finishing. Judgment method.
11. The fattening finish determination method according to any one of 3 to 5, wherein the two molecular species are a combination of PPO and POL.
12 6. The fattening finish determination method according to 4 or 5, wherein the two kinds of molecular species are a combination of PPO and POL, and an area where PPO is 6% or less and POL is 9% or more is an area indicating a finishing end time.
13. 13. The fattening finish determination method according to any one of 1 to 12, wherein the edible mammal is a cow.
14 14. The fattening finish determination method according to the above 13, wherein the cow is Japanese black cattle.
本発明によれば、下記（１）〜（４）の作用効果が得られる。
（１）肥育中における肥育状態の良否をグラフから判定できるので、肥育中食用哺乳動物、特に牛の肥育状態を客観的に判定できる。
（２）肥育の仕上げ時期になると、二次元グラフ上でのプロット位置が収束され、仕上げ時期の判定ができるので、肥育中食用哺乳動物、特に肥育牛の肥育仕上げ時期を客観的に判定できる。
（３）付随的に、肥育における飼養管理方法の改善につながるので、肥育中食用哺乳動物、特に肥育牛の飼養管理が的確に行える。
（４）肥育用飼料の改善などが行えるので、肥育に掛かる飼料コスト低減などができる。
According to the present invention, the following effects (1) to (4) can be obtained.
(1) Since the quality of the fattening state during fattening can be determined from the graph, it is possible to objectively determine the fattening state of a mammal for fattening during feeding, particularly a cow.
(2) At the finishing time of fattening, the plot position on the two-dimensional graph is converged and the finishing time can be determined, so that it is possible to objectively determine the fattening finishing time of mammals for fattening, particularly fattening cattle.
(3) Since it leads to an improvement in the feeding management method in fattening, feeding and management of fattening and eating mammals, particularly fattening cattle can be performed accurately.
(4) Since feed for fattening can be improved, feed cost for fattening can be reduced.
「脂肪」（「脂質」、「全脂質」、「トリアシルグリセロール」、「トリグリセリド」等と呼ばれることがある）、特に哺乳動物の生体から直接採取した皮下脂肪の脂肪酸組成を分析すると、オレイン酸（Ｃ１８：１，Ｏ）、パルミトレン酸（Ｃ１６：１，Ｐｏ）が肥育中に多くなり、ステアリン酸（Ｃ１８：０，Ｓ）やパルミチン酸（Ｃ１６：０，Ｐ）が減少することはよく知られている。しかし、脂肪酸組成は、脂肪（トリアシルグリセロール）の間接的性質を求めたものであり、哺乳動物の脂肪の性質を直接決定づけているのはトリアシルグリセロールの分子種組成である。トリアシルグリセロールの分子種とは、グリセロール１分子に、３分子の脂肪酸がエステル結合したものであり、脂肪酸の組合せは膨大な数に上る。しかし、主要な脂肪酸として検出される脂肪酸の種類は６種類程度であることから、確率的には少なくなり、更に、脂肪細胞におけるトリアシルグリセロール（ＴＧ）生合成メカニズム（殆ど未解明、本発明者らのいくつかのデータがあるのみ）からの考察からは、さらに種類は少なくなると考えられる。そこで、本発明者らは、食用哺乳動物肥育中の体内脂肪酸組成と分子種組成の変化に着目した。 Analyzing the fatty acid composition of “fat” (sometimes called “lipids”, “total lipids”, “triacylglycerols”, “triglycerides”, etc.), especially subcutaneous fat collected directly from the body of mammals, oleic acid It is well known that (C18: 1, O) and palmitoleic acid (C16: 1, Po) increase during fattening, and stearic acid (C18: 0, S) and palmitic acid (C16: 0, P) decrease. It has been. However, the fatty acid composition is an indirect property of fat (triacylglycerol), and it is the molecular species composition of triacylglycerol that directly determines the properties of mammalian fat. The molecular species of triacylglycerol is one in which three molecules of fatty acid are ester-bonded to one molecule of glycerol, and the number of combinations of fatty acids is enormous. However, since the number of types of fatty acids detected as the main fatty acids is about six, the number of fatty acids is reduced probabilistically. Further, the triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis mechanism in adipocytes (almost unclear, the present inventor) (There are only a few of these data), and it seems that there are fewer types. Therefore, the present inventors focused on changes in the body fatty acid composition and molecular species composition during fattening of edible mammals.
分子種組成の分析は、オリーブ油やコーン油などの植物油では組成が簡単なため高速液体クロマトグラフィー（ＨＰＬＣ）でも分析が可能であるが、哺乳動物の分子種には５００種類以上が存在するため、ＨＰＬＣでは正確には分析できない。一方、ガスクロマトグラフィー（ＧＣ）では、比較的容易に分析が可能である。以上のことから、哺乳動物の分子種の分析方法として特に好ましいと考えられるガスクロマトグラフィーを選択し、脂肪のトリアシルグリセロール分子種組成の分析を基にした肥育食用哺乳動物の肥育状態および仕上げ時期の推定方法の研究開発を試み、これに成功した。 Molecular species composition analysis can be performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) because vegetable oils such as olive oil and corn oil have a simple composition, but there are more than 500 types of mammalian molecular species. It cannot be accurately analyzed by HPLC. On the other hand, in gas chromatography (GC), analysis is relatively easy. Based on the above, fattening condition and finishing time of fattening food mammals based on the analysis of the triacylglycerol molecular species composition of fat selected by gas chromatography, which is considered to be particularly preferable as a method for analyzing the molecular species of mammals We succeeded in research and development of the estimation method.
本発明の手法を用いると、牛や豚等の食用哺乳動物、特に牛、例えば黒毛和牛、褐毛和牛、アバディーンアンガス種などの肉牛、ホルスタイン種去勢牛、乳牛等、一般的な肉用牛であれば品種により限定されることなく、客観的に肥育状態および仕上げ時期（出荷時期）が判断できる。以下、牛の場合を例にして説明する。牛生体からの脂肪は、次のようにして採取する。先ず、牛を常法で保定した後、例えば、尾の付け根の左側の脂肪がついている部分の毛を約５×５ｃｍ程度刈り取り、アルコール消毒した後、局部麻酔をし、メスで１ｃｍ長くらい皮膚を切り、そこにバイオプシー用の針を脂肪層に入れて、脂肪組織を構成している脂肪細胞５〜１０ｍｇを採取する。採取した脂肪試料は分析に供する。好ましくは、ガスクロマトグラフィーで分析する。すなわち、牛の肥育中に好ましくはその臀部から皮下脂肪を採取し、これを有機溶媒好ましくはアセトンあるいはクロロホルム等の脂溶性有機溶媒に溶解し、その溶液をガスクロマトグラフィーに供して、脂肪のＴＧ分子種組成を分析する。 Using the method of the present invention, edible mammals such as cattle and pigs, especially cattle such as beef cattle such as Japanese black cattle, brown cattle beef, Aberdeen Angus species, Holstein steers, dairy cattle, etc. For example, the fattening state and finishing time (shipping time) can be determined objectively without being limited by the variety. Hereinafter, the case of a cow will be described as an example. Fat from bovine body is collected as follows. First, after holding the cow in a normal manner, for example, about 5 × 5 cm of the hair on the left side of the base of the tail is trimmed about 5 × 5 cm, and after disinfection with alcohol, local anesthesia is performed, and the skin is about 1 cm long. And a biopsy needle is put in the fat layer, and 5 to 10 mg of adipocytes constituting the adipose tissue are collected. The collected fat sample is subjected to analysis. Preferably, the analysis is performed by gas chromatography. That is, during fattening of cattle, subcutaneous fat is preferably collected from the buttocks, dissolved in an organic solvent, preferably a fat-soluble organic solvent such as acetone or chloroform, and the solution is subjected to gas chromatography to obtain TG of fat. Analyze molecular species composition.
本発明の肥育仕上がり判定方法では、肥育中食用哺乳動物体内部におけるトリアシルグリセロールの分子種組成に基いてその食用哺乳動物の肥育状態および仕上がり時期を判定する。肥育中食用哺乳動物体内部におけるトリアシルグリセロールの分子種組成は、前記哺乳動物生体からの脂肪の分析で検出することができる。前記脂肪の分析で検出されたトリアシルグリセロールの分子種組成の肥育中の変化を解析することによって肥育中食用哺乳動物の肥育状態および仕上がり時期を判定することができる。前記トリアシルグリセロールの分子種組成の肥育中の変化を解析する方法としては、前記哺乳動物生体からの脂肪の分析で検出される複数のトリアシルグリセロールの分子種のうち２種の分子種を組合せて、そのいずれかの分子種組成をＸ値とし、他の分子種組成をＹ値として、Ｘ軸とＹ軸を備えた二次元座標軸に、それら２種の分子種組成をＸＹプロットしたグラフから肥育中食用哺乳動物の肥育状態および仕上がり時期を判定する方法が好ましい。前記グラフ上でのＸＹプロット位置が、肥育が進むにつれて、仕上げの終了時期を示す領域に収束し、そのＸＹプロット位置から肥育中食用哺乳動物の肥育状態および仕上がり時期を判定することができる。前記トリアシルグリセロールの分子種組成はガスクロマトグラフィーで分析するのが好ましい。前記Ｘ軸とＹ軸を備えた二次元座標軸としては、二次元ＸＹ直交座標軸が好ましい。前記２種の分子種の組み合わせのうちいずれかの分子種組成を示すＸ値およびＹ値が、それぞれ、肥育中食用哺乳動物生体から採取した脂肪試料全体に対する重量百分率で示されるのが通常である（本明細書中、パーセント（％）は重量百分率を表す）。 In the fattening finish judging method of the present invention, the fattening state and finish time of the edible mammal are judged based on the molecular species composition of triacylglycerol in the fattening edible mammal body. The molecular species composition of triacylglycerol in the fattening and eating food mammal body can be detected by analysis of fat from the mammal body. By analyzing the changes in the molecular species composition of triacylglycerol detected during the fat analysis during fattening, the fattening state and finish time of the fattening edible mammal can be determined. As a method for analyzing changes in the composition of molecular species of triacylglycerol during fattening, two molecular species of a plurality of molecular species of triacylglycerol detected by analysis of fat from the mammal body are combined. From the graph in which one of the molecular species composition is an X value, the other molecular species composition is a Y value, and the two molecular species compositions are XY plotted on a two-dimensional coordinate axis having an X axis and a Y axis. A method of determining the fattening state and finish time of the fattening and eating food mammal is preferred. As the fattening progresses, the XY plot position on the graph converges to a region indicating the finishing end time, and the fattening state and finish time of the fattening food mammal can be determined from the XY plot position. The molecular species composition of the triacylglycerol is preferably analyzed by gas chromatography. As the two-dimensional coordinate axis having the X axis and the Y axis, a two-dimensional XY orthogonal coordinate axis is preferable. Usually, the X value and the Y value indicating the molecular species composition of the combination of the two molecular species are each expressed as a percentage by weight with respect to the whole fat sample collected from the fattening edible mammal body. (In the present specification, the percentage (%) represents a weight percentage).
肥育中食用哺乳動物生体から採取した脂肪試料の分析は、好ましくはガスクロマトグラフィーにより、前記脂肪試料中の各トリアシルグリセロール分子種の脂肪試料全体に対する組成割合（％）をその分子種組成として求める。ガスクロマトグラフィーの分析条件は、トリアシルグリセロール分子種をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析する自体公知の分析条件で足りる。例えば、脂肪試料（サンプル）中の各トリアシルグリセロール分子種の組成分析は、一般的なトリアシルグリセロール分子種の組成分析用の手法により、使用カラムは、例えば、フロンティアラボ社製の「ＵＡ+−６５」を使用して、分析温度３５０〜３６０℃で、１℃／１分で昇温させながら分析することができる。 The analysis of the fat sample collected from the fattening and eaten mammal living body preferably calculates the composition ratio (%) of each triacylglycerol molecular species in the fat sample as a molecular species composition by gas chromatography. . The analysis conditions for gas chromatography may be those known per se for analyzing triacylglycerol molecular species by gas chromatography. For example, the composition analysis of each triacylglycerol molecular species in a fat sample (sample) is performed by a general method for analyzing the composition of triacylglycerol molecular species, and the column used is, for example, “UA + manufactured by Frontier Lab. -65 "can be analyzed while raising the temperature at an analysis temperature of 350 to 360 ° C at 1 ° C / 1 minute.
肥育中食用哺乳動物として牛、牛として黒毛和種を選び、牛肥育中の脂肪酸組成および分子種組成の変化を調べた。結果を図１、および図２に示す。なお、脂肪酸組成は、脂肪試料中の脂肪酸分析により、一般的な脂肪酸分析用の手法によって、例えば、脂肪酸を塩酸（ＨＣｌ）でエステル結合を加水分解し、脂肪酸をメチルエステル化して、一般的な脂肪酸分析用カラムを用いてガスクロマトグラフィーで分析することができる。図１の脂肪酸組成では、肥育中にパルミチン酸（Ｃ１６：０）とステアリン酸（Ｃ１８：０）は減少し、パルミトレイン酸（Ｃ１６：１）とオレイン酸（Ｃ１８：１）は増加しているものの、これら１種の含量からの仕上げ時期の判断は困難である。同様に、図２に示した主要な分子種の組成のみからでは、正確な仕上げ時期の判断は難しい。 Cattle were selected as mammals for fattening and Japanese black cattle were selected as cows, and changes in fatty acid composition and molecular species composition during cow fattening were investigated. The results are shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. The fatty acid composition is generally determined by analyzing fatty acids in a fat sample, using a general method for fatty acid analysis, for example, hydrolyzing an ester bond with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and methylating the fatty acid to form a fatty acid. Analysis can be performed by gas chromatography using a column for fatty acid analysis. In the fatty acid composition of FIG. 1, palmitic acid (C16: 0) and stearic acid (C18: 0) decreased during fattening, while palmitoleic acid (C16: 1) and oleic acid (C18: 1) increased. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the finishing time from the content of these one kind. Similarly, it is difficult to accurately determine the finishing time only from the composition of the main molecular species shown in FIG.
そのため、検出された脂肪酸、または分子種のうち、各々２種の成分を選び、組み合わせてそれら２種の成分の関係を二次元ＸＹ直交座標軸にＸＹプロットしてその二次元グラフから肥育状態および仕上がり時期を判断する方法を検討対象として考えた。検出された複数の脂肪酸のうちの２種を組み合わせてＸＹプロットを作成し、その相関および各月齢間の分離度を解析したところ、脂肪酸の組合せでは、一定の相関は認められるが、各月齢間の分離度は満足するものではなかった（例：図３）。 Therefore, two types of components are selected from the detected fatty acids or molecular species, and the two components are combined and XY plotted on the two-dimensional XY orthogonal coordinate axes, and the fattening state and finish are obtained from the two-dimensional graph. The method of judging the time was considered as the object of examination. An XY plot was created by combining two of the detected multiple fatty acids, and the correlation and the degree of separation between each age were analyzed. The degree of separation was not satisfactory (example: FIG. 3).
ガスクロマトグラフィーによる分析で検出された分子種の中で、比較的含量が多く、肥育中に消失したり極端な変化がない分子種を選びＸＹプロットを作成したところ、いくつかの組合せで、相関が高く、月齢間の分離度がよい組合せが見出された。それらの例を図４〜８に示した。これらの中では、ＰＰＰを組み合わせたもの（図６〜８）に良好な相関と分離度が認められた。前記ＰＰＰを組み合わせたＸＹプロットでは、ＰＰＰの全体的な含量が少なく、固体によっては検出できない場合があるが、このような場合は、ＰＰＯとＰＯＬの組合せが相関、分離度共に良好である（図４，５）。図４〜８のいずれの場合も、二次元グラフ上でのＸＹプロット位置が、肥育が進むにつれて、仕上げの終了時期を示す領域に収束し、そのプロット位置から肥育状態および仕上げ時期を判定することができる。すなわち、例えば、図４，５では、ＰＰＯ含量が６％以下、かつＰＯＬ含量が９％以上の領域にそれら２種の分子種組成がＸＹプロットされると、仕上げの終了時期であると判定することができる。 Among molecular species detected by gas chromatography analysis, XY plots were selected by selecting molecular species that had relatively high content and disappeared during fattening or did not change drastically. The combination was found to be high and have good separation between ages. Examples thereof are shown in FIGS. Among these, good correlation and separation degree were recognized in the combination of PPP (FIGS. 6 to 8). In the XY plot in which the PPP is combined, the overall content of PPP is small and may not be detected depending on the solid, but in such a case, the combination of PPO and POL has good correlation and resolution (see FIG. 4, 5). In any case of FIGS. 4 to 8, the XY plot position on the two-dimensional graph converges to a region indicating the finish end time as fattening progresses, and the fattening state and finish time are determined from the plot position. Can do. That is, for example, in FIGS. 4 and 5, when the composition of these two molecular species is XY-plotted in a region where the PPO content is 6% or less and the POL content is 9% or more, it is determined that the finishing time is finished. be able to.
以下に実施例を示し、本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、これにより本発明は何ら限定されるものではない。
実施例１
宮城県の肥育農家で飼育されていた肉用牛（品種名：黒毛和種）について、その皮下脂肪から採取した脂肪試料（脂肪細胞）中のトリアシルグリセロール分子種組成をガスクロマトグラフィー（ＧＣ）により分析した。分析時期の月齢は１１ヶ月、１９ヶ月、２６ヶ月であった。分析条件を下記に示す。
ＧＣ機種：ＨＰ６８９０（ヒューレットパッカード社）
カラム ：ＵＡ+−６５；直径0.25ｍｍ，長さ１５ｍ（フロンティアラボ社）
分析温度：３２０℃→３５０℃（昇温）
使用ガス：ヘリウム，流速0.5ｍＬ／分
上記ガスクロマトグラフィー（ＧＣ）で検出されたトリアシルグリセロール分子種組成の保持時間 (Retention Time) は下記の通りであった。
ＰＰＰ：１３．０分
ＰＰＯ：１６．３分
ＰＳＯ：１８．８分
ＰＯＬ：１９．８分
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Gas chromatography (GC) of triacylglycerol molecular species composition in fat samples (adipocytes) collected from the subcutaneous fat of beef cattle (breed name: Japanese black cattle) bred at a fattening farm in Miyagi Prefecture Was analyzed. The age of analysis was 11 months, 19 months, and 26 months. The analysis conditions are shown below.
GC model: HP6890 (Hewlett-Packard Company)
Column: UA + -65; diameter 0.25 mm, length 15 m (Frontier Lab)
Analysis temperature: 320 ° C. → 350 ° C. (temperature increase)
Gas used: Helium, flow rate 0.5 mL / min The retention time of the triacylglycerol molecular species composition detected by the gas chromatography (GC) was as follows.
PPP: 13.0 minutes PPO: 16.3 minutes PSO: 18.8 minutes POL: 19.8 minutes
脂肪試料中のトリアシルグリセロール分子種ＰＰＰ（パルミチン酸：パルミチン酸：パルミチン酸）の組成（％）と他のトリアシルグリセロール分子種の組成（％）間の相関に着目し、ＰＰＰとＰＰＯ（パルミチン酸：パルミチン酸：オレイン酸）、ＰＰＰとＰＳＯ（パルミチン酸：ステアリン酸：オレイン酸）、およびＰＰＰとＰＯＬ（パルミチン酸：オレイン酸：リノール酸）の各分子種組成（％）間の相関を調べた。それらの結果を各々図６（ＰＰＰとＰＰＯ）、図７（ＰＰＰとＰＳＯ）、および図８（ＰＰＰとＰＯＬ）に示す。図６から、ＰＰＰが１％以下、かつＰＰＯが６％以下の領域にそれら２種の分子種組成がＸＹプロットされると、仕上げの終了時期であると判定することができる。図７から、ＰＰＰが１％以下、かつＰＳＯが３％以下の領域にそれら２種の分子種組成がＸＹプロットされると、仕上げの終了時期であると判定することができる。図８から、ＰＰＰが１％以下、かつＰＯＬが９％以上の領域にそれら２種の分子種組成がＸＹプロットされると、仕上げの終了時期であると判定することができる。このように、本発明では、トリアシルグリセロール分子種としてＰＰＰを組み合わせた各分子種組成（％）間の相関、および分離度が良好であることが判る。 Paying attention to the correlation between the composition (%) of triacylglycerol molecular species PPP (palmitic acid: palmitic acid: palmitic acid) in fat samples and the composition (%) of other triacylglycerol molecular species, PPP and PPO (palmitin) Investigate the correlation between the molecular species composition (%) of acid: palmitic acid: oleic acid), PPP and PSO (palmitic acid: stearic acid: oleic acid), and PPP and POL (palmitic acid: oleic acid: linoleic acid) It was. The results are shown in FIG. 6 (PPP and PPO), FIG. 7 (PPP and PSO), and FIG. 8 (PPP and POL), respectively. From FIG. 6, when the composition of these two molecular species is XY plotted in the region where the PPP is 1% or less and the PPO is 6% or less, it can be determined that the finishing time is finished. From FIG. 7, when these two molecular species compositions are XY-plotted in a region where the PPP is 1% or less and the PSO is 3% or less, it can be determined that the finishing time is finished. From FIG. 8, when these two molecular species compositions are XY-plotted in a region where PPP is 1% or less and POL is 9% or more, it can be determined that the finishing time is finished. Thus, in this invention, it turns out that the correlation between each molecular species composition (%) which combined PPP as a triacylglycerol molecular species, and a resolution are favorable.
脂肪試料中のトリアシルグリセロール分子種ＰＰＯ（パルミチン酸：パルミチン酸：オレイン酸）とＰＯＬ（パルミチン酸：オレイン酸：リノール酸）の各分子種組成（％）間の相関を調べた。結果を図４に示す。図４から、ＰＰＯが６％以下、かつＰＯＬが９％以上の領域にそれら２種の分子種組成がＸＹプロットされると、仕上げの終了時期であると判定することができる。前記ＰＰＰの全体的な含量が少なく、固体によっては検出できない場合は、このＰＰＯとＰＯＬの組合せからの判定が有効である。 The correlation between the molecular species composition (%) of triacylglycerol molecular species PPO (palmitic acid: palmitic acid: oleic acid) and POL (palmitic acid: oleic acid: linoleic acid) in the fat sample was examined. The results are shown in FIG. From FIG. 4, when the composition of these two molecular species is XY plotted in a region where PPO is 6% or less and POL is 9% or more, it can be determined that the finishing time is finished. When the total content of the PPP is small and cannot be detected depending on the solid, the determination from the combination of PPO and POL is effective.
実施例２
宮城県の肥育農家で飼育されていた肉用牛（品種名：黒毛和種）について、その皮下脂肪から採取した脂肪試料（脂肪細胞）中のトリアシルグリセロール分子種組成をガスクロマトグラフィー（ＧＣ）により分析した。分析時期の月齢は１０ヶ月、１６．５ヶ月、２２ヶ月、３０ヶ月であった。分析条件を下記に示す。
ＧＣ機種：ＨＰ６８９０（ヒューレットパッカード社）
カラム ：ＵＡ+−６５；直径0.25ｍｍ，長さ１５ｍ（フロンティアラボ社）
分析温度：３２０℃→３５０℃（昇温）
使用ガス：ヘリウム，流速0.5ｍＬ／分
上記ガスクロマトグラフィー（ＧＣ）で検出されたトリアシルグリセロール分子種組成の保持時間 (Retention Time) は下記の通りであった。
ＰＰＯ：１６．３分
ＰＯＬ：１９．８分
Example 2
Gas chromatography (GC) of triacylglycerol molecular species composition in fat samples (adipocytes) collected from the subcutaneous fat of beef cattle (breed name: Japanese black cattle) bred at a fattening farm in Miyagi Prefecture Was analyzed. The months of analysis were 10 months, 16.5 months, 22 months, and 30 months. The analysis conditions are shown below.
GC model: HP6890 (Hewlett-Packard Company)
Column: UA + -65; diameter 0.25 mm, length 15 m (Frontier Lab)
Analysis temperature: 320 ° C. → 350 ° C. (temperature increase)
Gas used: Helium, flow rate 0.5 mL / min The retention time of the triacylglycerol molecular species composition detected by the gas chromatography (GC) was as follows.
PPO: 16.3 minutes POL: 19.8 minutes
脂肪試料中のトリアシルグリセロール分子種ＰＰＯ（パルミチン酸：パルミチン酸：オレイン酸）とＰＯＬ（パルミチン酸：オレイン酸：リノール酸）の各分子種組成（％）間の相関を調べたところ、相関が特に良好（相関係数（ｒ）０．８８９４）で、かつ月齢による分離も良好であった（図５）。図５から、ＰＰＯが６％以下、かつＰＯＬが９％以上の領域にそれら２種の分子種組成がＸＹプロットされると、仕上げの終了時期であると判定することができる。 The correlation between the molecular species composition (%) of triacylglycerol molecular species PPO (palmitic acid: palmitic acid: oleic acid) and POL (palmitic acid: oleic acid: linoleic acid) in fat samples was examined. Particularly good (correlation coefficient (r) 0.8894), and separation by age was also good (FIG. 5). From FIG. 5, when the composition of these two molecular species is XY plotted in a region where PPO is 6% or less and POL is 9% or more, it can be determined that the finishing time is finished.
以上、食用哺乳動物としての牛、牛としての黒毛和種の肥育段階毎の皮下脂肪トリアシルグリセロール分子種組成の分析から、肥育状態が良好で出荷状態にある食用哺乳動物としての牛では、二次元グラフ上でのＸＹプロットが収束領域内にあった（図４〜８参照）。すなわち、本発明によれば、食用哺乳動物としての牛の肥育状態および仕上がり時期を、肥育中食用哺乳動物としての牛体内部における脂肪のトリアシルグリセロール分子種組成を測定することによって、前記分子種組成に基き、客観的に判定し、判断することができる。 Based on the analysis of the molecular composition of the subcutaneous fat triacylglycerol molecular species at each fattening stage of cattle as edible mammals and Japanese black cattle as cattle, two cattle as edible mammals in good fattening condition and in shipping condition are The XY plot on the dimensional graph was in the convergence region (see FIGS. 4 to 8). That is, according to the present invention, the fattening state and finish time of cattle as an edible mammal are measured by measuring the triacylglycerol molecular species composition of fat in the bovine body as a fattening edible mammal. Based on the composition, it can be objectively determined and judged.
本発明は、肥育中食用哺乳動物、特に牛や豚の肥育状態と肥育仕上げ時期を客観的に判断可能で、的確な飼育管理と飼料コスト低減につながる食用哺乳動物、特に牛や豚の肥育状態および仕上がり時期の判定方法を提供する。 The present invention can objectively determine the fattening state and fattening finishing time of fattening mammals, especially cattle and pigs, and lead to accurate breeding management and feed cost reduction, especially fattening states of cattle and pigs And a method for determining the finishing time.
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| JPS6269941A (en) * | 1985-08-15 | 1987-03-31 | ゲデレ−イ アグラ−ルツドマ−ニユイ エジエテミ タンガズダサ−グ | Method for forecasting meat quality of domestic animal and sorting said animal based on meat quality |
| JPH05292853A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-11-09 | Sagami Chem Res Center | Production of fowl egg rich in highly unsaturated fatty acid |
| JPH0989808A (en) * | 1995-09-20 | 1997-04-04 | Toshiba Corp | Evaluation device of edible animal and ct scanner |
| JPH10151130A (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-06-09 | Kaijo Corp | Ultrasonograph for edible animal |
| JP2004531248A (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2004-10-14 | ユニバーシティー オブ ブリストル | Novel elongase gene and method for producing .DELTA.9-polyunsaturated fatty acids |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS6269941A (en) * | 1985-08-15 | 1987-03-31 | ゲデレ−イ アグラ−ルツドマ−ニユイ エジエテミ タンガズダサ−グ | Method for forecasting meat quality of domestic animal and sorting said animal based on meat quality |
| JPH05292853A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-11-09 | Sagami Chem Res Center | Production of fowl egg rich in highly unsaturated fatty acid |
| JPH0989808A (en) * | 1995-09-20 | 1997-04-04 | Toshiba Corp | Evaluation device of edible animal and ct scanner |
| JPH10151130A (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-06-09 | Kaijo Corp | Ultrasonograph for edible animal |
| JP2004531248A (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2004-10-14 | ユニバーシティー オブ ブリストル | Novel elongase gene and method for producing .DELTA.9-polyunsaturated fatty acids |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2013058331A1 (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-04-25 | 学校法人麻布獣医学園 | Method for predicting beef marbling standard (bms) numbers using coat mineral composition |
| US20140316714A1 (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2014-10-23 | School Corporation, Azabu Veterinary Medicine Educational Institution | Method for predicting beef marbling standard (bms) numbers using coat mineral composition |
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